Paper 1: Reading (1 hour 15 minutes) PART 1 You are going to read three extracts which are all concerned in some way with buildings. For, questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, 8, C or D) which you think its best according to the text. THESAL Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. The not-so-sweet smell of Shakespeare's success 's you take your seat at the Globe dress, with costumes reflecting the | Theatre on a summer's afternoon in character's social status rather than | 1600 for the premiére of Shakespeare's historical period. The poshest outfits may | Hamlet, up to a thousand smelly once have belonged to real noblemen ~ ines ‘froundlings’ are jostling for standing common people are forbidden by law to room in the open-air courtyard at the wear lordly attire, so aristocratic hand- front and sides of the stage, and 2,000 ‘me-downs often find their way into better-off (but not necessarily better- theatrical costume stores, There are props smelling) people may be crammed onto _and furniture, and the wooden theatre is ‘the narrow wooden benches of the three _brightly painted, but there is no scenery, | ees vertically stacked galleries topped by a__partly because, with the audience on thatched roof. The performance begins three sides, many would be unable to see at 2pm and runs without an interval With fewer visual effects, the audience ‘Audience participation is enthusiastic, rust use their imagination more than th boos for the wicked Claudius, ‘moder playgoers - helped by the visual wails at Ophelia’s death, and unpopular ws clues with which the dramatists pepper performances pelted with unsaleable their work. Seeing the play is actually vegetables. Performances are in broad more important than hearing it. Many daylight, so actors and audience are in Of the actors have not even had time to ee20 constant contact, and asides (scripted and memorize their lines, but are reading ad lib) are frequent. them from paper rolls (hence our word All performances are in contemporary ‘Tole’ for character) | Which of these words is used to illustrate audience behaviour at the theatre? A jostling (ine 5) stacked (ine 1) asides (ine 20) Ca D pepper (line 38) 2. Which aspect of theatrical performances in 1600 is emphasized in the text? A. the fact that they had some similarities with modern theatre B the effort that went into making them entertaining CH Cthe ways in which they reflected class divisions at the time the differences in the reactions of those involved in them CAEPRACTICE TESTS PAPER1:READING 7 OOGes | Sick building syndrome | ‘is result of poor management’ | “The workplace illness ‘sick building an architectural consultant who an audit of physical properties. syndrome’, which is said to cost worked on the study, sai the The findings could pose | | Businesses millions of pounds each syndomelhad been the result of problems forthe growing number | | year, is caused by poor managers ‘overactive imaginations’. of SBS consultants who will | | | astudy says. Researchers found findings inthe British Medical about £1,000 a day Richard ‘rather than a poor environment, Dr Stafford, reporting the ‘syndrome-proof” a building for | | ‘that the 10 symptoms commonly Journal, said: ‘The only area of the Smith, a consultant whose work associated with theiilness, which physicalenvironment that had a has included “SBS-proofing’ the teas identified by the World Health significant effect on health was Tower of London afte fears were | ‘Organization more than 20 years ineontrol over the desk space. raised about photocopier fumes, de were linked to long hours and employees could choose what sai: Employers shoud still get | found that workers in buildings im, they were less likely to report because then staff are going to wwith unacceptable levels of carbon symptoms. It shows that employers feel more valued anyway -it will dioxide, airborne fungi and noise need to consider job stress above boost morale. | | were actually less likely to say that ne agit lack of support at work. The study lighting and heat they worked their buildings looked at for SBS | | they were ill It had been thought that poor air quality and airborne bacteria caused these symptoms. | Mai Stafford, the lead author | | on the study and a senior research fellow in epidemiology at University College London, said: ‘We found | no evidence that the buildings themselves are important in “sick building syndrome”. It seems to be wrongly named. Psychological | | factors of work - stress brought on by lack of control, long hours and unsupportive managers - were far more important.’ Alexi Marmot, 2 Oneview of sick biling syndrome expessedin the texts that J. manager o not tate serouly enough 5 does nt realy ext. Celso longera serous problem ‘H D the causes of thave changed. 4. The SBS consultant's opinion of the research is that A. the findings are not wholly correct. employers are unlikely to agree with the findings. im] Chis work is relevant to the findings. 1D employees will welcome the findings. 8 CAEPRACTICETESTS PAPER 1: READINGHEA, HFG vesins with ‘HOSPIEAL DESIGN If there is one universal truth about hospitals, itis that they are drab, dismal places, not at all designed. to heal. The furniture is hard-edged and bland. Lights are fluorescent and harsh, But architects around the world are working to humanize their design. The idea is: build inviting, soothing hospitals, with soft lighting, inspiring views, single rooms, curved corridors and relaxing gardens, and patients will heal quicker, nurses will remain loyal to their employers and doctors will perform better. ‘The idea of building hospitals that help rather ‘than hinder recovery is beginning to gain support in Europe. Britain, which has some of the oldest, drabbest hospitals in Europe, is in the process of building 100 hospitals and is paying close attention to their design. A few European hospitals are being ‘used as models for the rest of Europe, including || the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital in England, the Groningen Academic Hospital in the Netherlands and, most notably, the Rikshospitalet University Hospital in Osto, Norway. “The environment in a hospital contributes to the therapy of the patients, said Tony Monk, a Hoping to spread this philosophy as hospital British architect in health care design. ‘People are construction is booming in the United States and ‘mentally vulnerable when they come in, and if they Europe, the architects have new data to back their are beaten down by an awful, dreadful, concrete, designs. Their research shows, for example, that uninteresting, poor building with poor colors, it _ patients who can see trees instead of cars from their makes them even wors ‘windows recover more quickly. eee 5 The writer makes the assumption that ‘A. patients notice hospital design more than experts think they do. B hospital design used to be appropriate but no longer is. Ca itis not difficult to improve hospital design. 1D hospital design prevents hospitals from fulfiling their function. 6 The descriptive language used about hospitals in the text emphasizes ‘A. how dark they are. 8 how depressing they ae. © how varied they ae. Ca D_howimportant they are. CAE PRACTICE TESTS PAPER:READING 9 ALN \ PART 2 You are going to read a magazine article about a scientific expedition. Six paragraphs have ‘been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs AG the one which fits each gap (7-12). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. ‘Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. So many species of fungi, so ripe for the discovery In the Maya Mountains in Belize, vascular plants (six species of coming upon an intriguing Timothy J. Baroni stepped out fungi for every plant) in several specimen of bolete, a mushroom of his tent and checked his gear: sets of data, has estimated the _with pores instead of gills under hunting knife, heavy boots, of 1.5 million species of its cap. He put his face up to tackle box, sharp machete and the fungus, then pulled back to two cigars. ‘All set. he said. ‘Let's celebrate. “That's outstanding. go find some fungi’ With that, ‘Yes!’ he said, pumping his elbow Dr. Baroni and two colleagues, anaes like a champion golfer sinking @ acon ‘winning putt. ‘That's worth the their own distinct Helicopter trip right th 1970s. In 1983, ed that fungi are closely related to mn to plants. Howe ntists can’t agree on how ° mny species of fungi have by cells: The part lentified - estimates range oom, is merely = like the apple of the fungus is made up of those thread-like cells, known as mycelium, that the prehistoric Conan Doyle’s nos World. There were other rest the multinational e Belizean omnithologi by 3-meter scree! their specimens. ‘This jungle 10 CAE PRACTICE TESTS PAPER 1: READING‘A Each mushroom was then measured, precisely described, and noted for color. ‘Then it was slowly baked for 24 hours in Dr. Lodge’ field oven, a custom-made butane-powered drying rack. B ‘Only 5to.10 per cent of those have been discovered and named; said Dr. Baroni, a biology professor at the State University, of New York at Cortland. (About 90 per cent of the world’s 300,000 species of flowering plants have already been described.) Dr. Baroni, Dr. Lodge and two ‘other mycologists not on this trip are in the final year of a four-year survey of tropical fungi in the Caribbean and Central America, So far they alone have discovered more than 100 new s2ecies. C And of course the role of fungi in the development of various medicines {adds to this. Most famously, the fungus Penicillium was refined into penicilin, the first antibiotic effective against bacterial infection. This means that they are seldom in the spotlight. ‘We're always trying tc drum Up support for mushrooms,’ saic Dr. Czederpiltz. But its an uphill batle. Cute, pretty or furry things tend to get allthe attention’ Whatever the real figure, new species are added almost daily to the list of those that have. Last year, one journal, ‘Mycotaxon, published details of 258 new cr renamed fungi. From 1980 to 1999, an average of 1,100 new species were found and described every year. AN ‘Their prey are small fragile and sometimes hidden, so fungi hunters spend a lot of time on their hands and knees in search of finds lke that one. "The tree guys, they'll get a couple Kilometers down the trail’ said Dr. Baroni. ‘Some days we won't get out of ‘earshot of camp’ Towering palms and strangler figs, their ‘trunks wrapped in a green shag of ferns and mosses, rise and converge in a leafy ‘canopy that keeps the moist forest floor in perpetual dusk. The place is so remote ‘that the British Army/s jungle training nit dropped the expedition members and a reporter in by helicopter. CAEPRACTICE TESTS PAPER I:READING 11PART 3 You are going to read a newspaper article about a traffic system. For questions 13-19, choose the answer (A, 8, Cor D) which you think its best according to the text. ‘Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. N & Drachten, The Netherlands. ‘I want to take you on a walk,’ said Hans ‘Mondeiman, abruptly stopping his car and striding hatles into the freezing rain, He led the way toa ‘busy intersection inthe centre of town, where several odd things soon became clear. Not only was it virtually naked, stripped of all lights, signs and road markings, but there ‘was no division between road and sidewalk. It was basiallya bare brick square. But despite the unusual layout, a steady stream of trucks, cars, buses, motorcycles, bicycles and pedestrians moved fuidly and easily, as if directed by an invisible conductor. When Mr Monderman, a traffic engineer and the intersection’s proud designer, deliberately filed to look for oncoming traffic before crossing the stret, the drivers slowed for him, No one honked or shouted rude words out ofthe window. ‘Who has the right of way?’he asked thetoricaly I don't care. People here hhave to find their own way, negotiate for themselves, use their own brains.” Used by some 20,000 drivers a day, the intersection is part ofa road-esign revolution pioneered by the 59-year-old Mr Monderman. His work in Friesland, the district in Northern Holland that includes rachten, is increasingly seen as the way of the future in Europe. His philosophy is simple if counte intuitive. To make communities safer ‘and more appealing, Mr Monderman argues, you should first remove the ‘traditional paraphernalia of their roads - traffic lights and speed signs, the centre lines separating lanes from one another, even the speed bumps bicycle lanes and pedestrian crossings. n his view, its only when the road is made more dangerous, when drivers stop looking at signs and start looking at other people, tat driving becomes safer. ‘All those signs are saying to cars, “Ths is your space, and we have organized your ‘behaviour so that as long as you behave this way, nothing can happen ‘to you" MrMonderman said. ‘That is the wrong story. ‘The Drachten intersection is an example of the concept of ‘shared space’, where cars and pedestrians are equal, and the design tells. the driver what to do. In Mr ‘Monderman's view, shared-space designs thrive only in conjunction with well-organized, well-regulated highway systems. Variations on the shared-space theme are being tried in Spain, Denmark, Austria, Sweden ‘and Britain, among other places. The European Union has appointed a ‘committee of experts, including Mr Monderman, for a Europe-wide study. A few years ago, Mr Monderman, now considered one of the field's great innovators, was virtually unknown outside Holland. He was working asa civil engineer, building highways in the 1970s when the Dutch government, alarmed at @ sharp increase in trafic accidents, set up a network of traficsafety | 0; R Road with no signs — offices, Mr Monderman was appointed Friesland’s trafic safety officer. In residential communities, Mr Monderman began narrowing the roads and putting in features like tees and flowers, red-brick paving stones and even fountains to discourage people from speeding, following the principle now known as psychological trafic calming, where ‘behaviour follows design. He created his fist shared space in a smal village where residents were upset at it ‘being used as a daily thoroughfare for 6,000 speeding cars. When he took away the signs lights and sidewalks, people drove more carefully. Within two weeks, speeds on the road had 117 We are told that when Hans Monderman became a traffic safety officer, {A his introduction of a shared space had a rapid effect. B_he made more innovations thar the government had envisaged. Ca his initial innovations were not as effective as he had hoped. 1D. he had been waiting for the opportunity to introduce shared space design. 18 We are told that the request froma particular group of parents to Mr Monderman. ‘A. is typical ofthe kind of issue that he has to deal with. B_ was something for which he had no sympathy at al. cH raises a new issue that requires careful consideration. resulted in him making an exception to one of his rules. 119 Which of the following best sums up Hans Mondermanis view? [A Telling drivers what to do causes roads to become more dangerous. Roads are safer if drivers are forced to make decisions for themselves. C_ Drivers know more about road safety than most people designing road systems. D_ Drivers welcome any innovations that genuinely contribute to improved road safety CAE PRACTICETESTS PAPER 1:READING 13N & PART 4 You are going to read an article about some children. For questions 20-34, choose from the sections of the article (A-£). The sections may be chosen more than once. When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. ‘Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. In which section of the article are the following mentioned? an example of a sign that has become simpler the difference between how the deaf children communicate an image and how other people communicate the same image the fact that the same signs can be used in the communication of a number CH of ideas ca the children’s sign language becoming increasingly complex the characte development ics of languages in general at different stages of their ‘a belief that language is learnt by means of a specific part of the mind ‘an aspect of language learning that children are particularly good at how regularly the children have been monitored ‘older children passing their sign language on to younger children ‘a reason why the children are regarded as being different from any other ‘group of people the reason why the children created a particular sign ‘opposing views on how people acquire language 44 CAEPRACTICE TESTS PAPER 1: READINGDEAF CHILDREN’S LANGUAGE HINTS AT HOW BRAIN WORKS A Adeep insight into the way the street willmakeasingle gesture, __Nicaraguan situation is unique, Dr. brain leams language has emerged a downward spiral motion of the Senghas said, because its starting from the study of Nicaraguan hand, But the deaf children have point was nota complex language a sigh language, invented by deaf developed two different signs to but ordinary gestures. From this Y children in a Nicaraguan school use in its place. They sgn a circle __raw materia, the deaf children a5 a means of communicating forthe lling motion and then __appear tobe spontaneously among themselves. The nding _—_a straight line forthe dretion fabricating the elements of ‘suggests that the brain naturally ‘of movement. This requires language. Vs breaks complex concepts into ‘more signing, but the two signs D_Linguists have been engaged ‘smaller components, indicating ‘can be used in combination ‘ina longstanding argument as a dedicated neural machinery with others to expres diferent to whether there is an inate, for language. The Nicaraguan concepts. The development is ‘specialized neural machinery children are well-known to of interest to linguists because for learning language, as linguists beonuse they provide it captures a principal quality proposed by Noam Chomsky of sn apparently unique example of human language - discrete the Massachusetts Institute of of people inventing a language elements usable in diferent ‘Technology, or whether everything fiom scratch. The phenomenon combinations -incontrastto the __is eared from scratch Dr. stated ata schoo for special one sound, onemeaning of animal _Senghas says her finding supports education founded in 1977 communication. "The regularity _the view that language learning Instructors noticed thatthe deaf shedocumentshere- mapping __—_is innate, not purely cultura children, while absorbing little discrete aspects of the world onto since the Nicaraguan children’s from their Spanish lessons, had discrete word.choces-is one of __ disaggregation of gestures appears i developed a system of signs for the most distinctive properties of to be spontaneous. Her result also talking to one another. As one ‘human language,’ said Dr. Steven ‘upholds the idea that children play generation of children taught the Pinker, acogntve cients t an important part in converting system to the next, it evolved ‘Harvard Univenity ‘a pidgin into a creole. Because from a set of gestures into a C When people with no common. ‘children’s minds are primed to. far more sophisticated form of language ae thrown into contact, lear the ules of grammar, it communication, and today's 800 they often develop an adhoc is thought, they spontaneously users of the language provide language known to linguists as a impose grammatical structure on a a living history of the stages of pidgin language, usually derived pidgin that doesn’t have one. formation. from one of the parent languages. E The Nicaraguan children are 1B Thechilren have been studied _Pidgins are rudimentary systems living laboratory of language principally by Dr. Judy Kegi, with minimal grammar and generation. Dr. Senghas, who has linguist tthe University of utterances Butina generation or been visting ther school every ‘Southem Maine, and Dr. Ann ‘two, the pidgins acquire grammar year since 1990, said she had ‘Senghas, a cognitive scientist at and become upgraded to what noticed how the signs for numbers Columbia Universityin New York _lingustcall creole. Though many have developed, Originally City: nthe latest study, published new languages aave been created _the children represented '20” ‘in Science magazine, Dr. Senghas by the pidgin-c-eole route, the by licking the fingers of both shows that the younger ‘hands in the air twice, But this children have now cumbersome sign has been decomposed certain replaced with a form that can_ ‘gestures into smaller now be signed with one hand. component signs. A The children don’ cae that hearing person asked ‘to mime a standard, story about a cat ‘wadding down a the new sign doesn’t look ike 20, Dr. Senghas said; they just want a symbol that can be signed fat. CAE PRACTICE TESTS PAPER I: READING 15 Me a |