Annual Report of the Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress for Fiscal Year 2004 to the Joint Committee on the Library United States Congress Pursuant to Section 321 Public Law 91-510 Daniel P Mulhollan Director February 2005CONTENTS I. CRS SERVICE TO THE CONGRESS . a Challenges in FY2004 ........... a Indicators of CRS Performance and Productivity + Outline of This Report +2 II, FY2004 HIGHLIGHTS IN LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT . a ‘The War in Iraq, Terrorism, and Related Issues . 74 First Session Issues: 108" Congress <7 Second Session Issues: 108" Congress. :9 Issues Addressed Throughout the 108" Congress. 12 I, MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES .... 16 Response to the 9/11 Commission Report. 16 Knowledge Services Group 16 Succession Planning 16 Authoring System 7 Consolidated Database. 7 Current Legislative Issues (CLI) System 17 Business Continuity and Contingency Plan 7 Consolidation of Research and Copy Centers 18 Internal Communications 18, IV. TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVES . 19 Web Services .... 19 Technology Infrastructure . 19 Security and Reliability. 20 Info Pack Elimination... 20 Inquiry Status and Information System (ISIS) 20 APPENDIXES . F¥2004 Budget, Resources, and Other Funding . CRS Organizational Listing of All Senior Level Position Changes in FY2004 rE Oo 7m ORD Human Resources and Staff Development ... Types of CRS Support to the Congress: Research Services and Products . bee eeeneeseeoueee ructure CRS Organizational Chart Listing of All Senior Level Positions by Title, Grade Level, Budget Number and Incumbent at the Beginning and End of FY2004 .........ecceee0eeees 34 . Listing of All Specialist and Senior Specialist Personnel Actions in FY2004 New CRS Products in FY20041 I. CRS SERVICE TO THE CONGRESS ‘The mission of the Congressional Research Service (CRS) is to support the Congress in its legislative, oversight, and representational functions by providing balanced, unbiased analytical research and information pertaining to public policy issues on the congressional agenda at all stages ofthe legislative process. The work of the Congress is complex and multifaceted, requiring Members to be well versed in many disparate policy areas in order to make informed decisions. CRS offers a unique service by providing nonpartisan, authoritative expertise on time, on target, and in forms that are most useful to lawmakers, CRS policy experts work ina collaborative, multidisciplinary environment to prepare detailed explanations of complex policy issues, identify and assess policy approaches, develop and analyze legislative options, conduct legal analyses of pending legislation and administrative actions, provide in-person consultations on public policy issues, and assist with legislative procedures as well as processes relating to the federal budget and appropriations, Analysts also deliver expert testimony before congressional committees, support hearings and investigations, identify prospective witnesses, prepare products on current legislative issues, and respond to specific requests with confidential memoranda. Information specialists provide comprehensive background material on topics of legislative interest and identify and offer authoritative source materials and factual information, including government documents, media articles, and scientific and technical reports, using both print and online resources. CRS continually works to improve and maintain the quality of the services and products it provides the Congress. In his annual address to staff in January 2004 the CRS director outlined three goals for the Service for the year and met with staff to discuss and clarify these Service goals and priorities: « Provide nonpartisan legislative analysis and information support for the Congress. © Ensure intellectual capacity to meet the changing needs of Congress in fulfillment of the Service’s mission. # Developand sustain an effective internal infrastructure to support that mission, CHALLENGES IN FY2004 ‘The Congress faced a number of unique and difficult challenges in FY2004, As the year progressed the pace of legislative consideration picked up. From the war in Iraq to intelligence reform, Congress called upon CRS for objective and authoritative research and analysis. Relating to Iraq, CRS addressed the level and sufficiency of military funding as well as military justice and international law requirements for treatment of prisoners. With the publication of the Report of the 9/11 Commission, Congress focused on its recommendations. CRS supported both the House and the Senate in these efforts, producing and making available a large body of research and analysis under stringent time constraints and providing numerous expert consultations. CRS continued to provide analyses of all current legislative issues through its policy experts, its Website, and its many services and products.2 INDICATORS OF CRS PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY CRS delivered 899,284 research responses in FY2004—a number that includes analysis and information requests, product requests, in-person requests and service at Research Centers, electronic services, and seminars. ‘The Service’s performance and productivity in this fiscal year are best illustrated by four measures of its workload during the year: ‘© Support for major policy problems — CRS provided research support to meet congressional needs in all facets of the legislative agenda, focusing particularly on major policy problems during the fiscal year. The Service was supporting 182 public policy issues at the end of FY2004. Key products maintained — CRS was actively maintaining about 1,000 key products directly addressing congressional needs in specially identified major policy areas at the close of FY2004. These research products were directly available to congressional offices through the CRS Website, # Access to online products and services — The Service continued to facilitate immediate online access to key products supporting critical policy areas through its Current Legislative Issues (CLI) system, the central feature of the CRS Home Page. Overall, congressional use of CRS electronic services has risen steadily in recent years. # Custom work for the Congress — During FY2004 direct congressional access to CRS experts remained a key component of service to the Congress. This work included efforts tailored to specific situations or requiring confidential assistance. Individualized attention to congressional needs was provided throughout the year primarily through telephone consultations, in-person briefings, and confidential memoranda, ‘The table on the following page provides more details on CRS products and services provided this fiscal year. OUTLINE OF THIS REPORT ‘This annual report begins with highlights of legislative assistance to the Congress in FY2004 and summarizes major management and technology initiatives to meet the needs of Congress, including restructuring to optimize contributions of information professionals, development of a consolidated database, enhancing CRS Web services, and improving the reliability and security of the CRS technological infrastructure. Appended are reports on the budget, progress on human resources issues, the current organizational structure and functions of various components of the Service, and CRS products completed for the year.CRS Products and Services for Congress, FY2004 Products and Services ‘Total Completed Requests and Services Analysis, information, and research requests ! Cited material and CRS product requests Resource Center direct requests and self-service ‘Seminar, institute, and training participants Client use of CRS electronic services? Custom Products and Services Custom writings prepared In-person briefings and consultations completed (number of participations by CRS staff) Responses primarily by telephone Selected materials, database searches, and translations Congressional Distribution Products and Services ‘New products prepared Number of reports maintained through updates and revision Copies distributed* Seminars, institutes, training (number of events) Congressional Offices Served by CRS (Percentage of Total) ‘Members Committees " Analysis, information and research responses are created for specific clients upon their request. Data include some requests that are not identified in the “Custom Products and Services” section of this table. Clients anonymously access the Service's resources through the CRS Home Page. Includes electronic and paper copy dstibution. About 88 percent of distribution waselectronic. ‘The figure includes 11,702.CRS reports and issue briefs within the 3,145 info packs distributed; info packs were discontinued as active produets in November 2003. Source: CRS Inquiry Status and Information System (ISIS) and other CRS data 783,217 2,197 2,821 42,770 27,812 871 5,286 809,322 330 100% 100%4 I. FY2004 HIGHLIGHTS IN LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT Congress requested assistance from CRS as it addressed numerous public policy issues throughout the fiscal year. Many concems stemmed from the war in Iraq, terrorism, homeland security and related issues. Other issues arose from a range of domestic and foreign policy developments. THE WAR IN IRAQ, TERRORISM, AND RELATED ISSUES War in Irag. The Service analyzed spending issues associated with regular as well as, supplemental Department of Defense (DOD) funding requests for military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, including historical perspective on how Congress has funded wars as far back as World War II. CRS reports assessed funding levels by war mission, adequacy of funding for the army, war- related benefits available to military personnel, and funding flexibility available to DOD. CRS worked with Congressional Budget Office and Government Accountability Office analysts to help estimate the cost of Iraq military operations and to track DOD spending on its Iraqi support contracts. Analysts coordinated and produced several analyses on Iraqi reconstruction and broader foreign policy concems in the Middle East, including debt relief, the oil-for-food program, and Iraq’s trade with the world. The transfer of sovereignty from the Coalition Provisional Authority to the Iraqi interim government gave rise to many legal questions regarding the law of occupation, sovereign debt, and the status of coalition forces in Iraq. The Abu Ghraib prison scandal was a matter of intense interest among Members and the subject of numerous hearings. CRS attorneys, who fielded many questions about military justice, courts martial, international law, and contractor liability, prepared products to enhance consideration of legislative measures that were part of the defense authorization bill. Terrorism, Analysts continued to provide Congress with policy analysis and information on the global war on terrorism. They prepared an assessment of the controversial State Department report “Patterns of Global Terrorism’ and reported on individual terrorist organizations and terrorist financing. CRS analysts worked closely with the Congress as it considered and passed the Syria Accountability Act (P.L. 108-175). While world attention was drawn toward hostilities in Iraq and Afghanistan after 9/11, terrorist organizations also carried out significant operations in Indonesia, Pakistan, India, the Philippines, Nepal, and Thailand. CRS provided analysis of terrorist sanctuaries in Asia, of U.S. strategy in Pakistan to prevent acquisition of nuclear weapons by radical Muslim local leaders, of the role of schools operated by radical Muslim clerics in generating anti-American terrorist sentiments, and of U.S. assistance to the Philippines in dealing with Muslim separatists. Responding to congressional concems about the operation of military courts in the war on terrorism, a senior specialist traced the history and analyzed the organization and operation of military tribunals from the Revolutionary War to contemporary times. As the status and treatment of enemy combatants held at the Guantanamo Bay Naval Station or within the United States came before the Supreme Court, the Service contributed products and in-person briefings to Members and their staffs about the pertinent legal issues. CRS economists provided analyses of terrorist funding, including identification and assessment of existing programs that track money laundering and financial movements related to terrorism, as well as policy questions relating to their scope and effectiveness. CRS provided close5 support to Congress as it investigated extension proposals for the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act and associated regulations that provide a federal backstop intended to support commercial insurers in the event of major terrorist attack. Homeland Security. The distribution of homeland security assistance to the states under the authority of the USA Patriot Act raised many implementation questions in Congress. In support of legislative activities, CRS analyzed the distribution formula for federal grants to state and local first responders, including a wide range of funding scenarios under alternative grant formula proposals. A major issue included in these analyses was whether and how to incorporate indicators of local risk into a legislatively established allocation formula. Congressional interest in border and transportation security issues remained high during the 108" Congress. CRS worked with several committees on authorization of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), development of terrorist “watch lists,” reform of entry-exit control measures for visitors to the United States, metrics to evaluate the performance of border and transportation security agencies in the DHS, border inspections, northern and southem border security, port-of-entry infrastructure, and cargo security. In January 2004 the Administration implemented the first phase of an immigration entry-exit control system, US-VISIT, with Congress exercising ongoing oversight. CRS analysts consulted with committee counsels and staff in both chambers, developed possible questions for hearings, and assisted staff regarding the difference in documentary requirements for nationals entering the United States from Mexico as compared with Canada. After the 9/11 Commission published its findings and recommendations, CRS analysts consulted with committees and Members on draft legislation and amendments with respect to the entry and exit data system, the use of biometrics in travel documents, and the role of state and local law enforcement in enforcing immigration law. The Service provided extensive support to committees of jurisdiction on the security and protection of assets critical to U.S. infrastructure, including transportation systems, especially port facilities and airports; communications systems; oil and gas facilities; and chemical manufacturing facilities. Analyses included evaluations of risk, assessments of alternative responses for secure facilities, and comparisons of govemmental and private initiatives to achieve security. After the release of the 9/11 Commission Report, a CRS Homeland Security initiative involved analysts who worked closely with committee and Member staffs and prepared and updated reports on aviation, maritime, passenger rail, and transit security. The 9/11 Commission recommended a more robust communications system for first responders to disasters and terrorism events. CRS had in place a suite of studies and reports that were quickly refocused to explore the particular initiatives proposed by the Commission, CRS legal experts worked extensively with the Congress on a range of issues relating to possible amendments to the USA Patriot Act and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), including civil liberties issues related to the investigation of terrorist activities and the intersection between terrorism investigations by law enforcement agencies and the intelligence community, differences in treatment of citizens under FISA as compared with noncitizens, concems regarding access to library records, and changes to FISA and to law enforcement authorities with respect to electronic surveillance. Intelligence Reform. Late in the fiscal year, after the issuance of the 9/11 Commission Report, congressional interest focused on how the intelligence community should fight the war on terrorism in the future. CRS analysts provided support to Congress in analyzing the recommendations, comparing them to existing U.S. policy and programs, and addressing the possible6 implications of proposed reforms. Experts contributed to the congressional consideration of intelligence reform proposals by comparing and analyzing legislative provisions, providing reports onsuch topics as the concept of a national intelligence director and reforming the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and supporting congressional staff of the House and Senate appropriating and authorizing committees. More than a dozen bills were introduced to change the structure, authorities, reporting relationships, and other facets of the intelligence community, CRS developed an analytical framework to address the conceptual issues in domestic intelligence reform, and CRS analysts provided support to Member and committee staff charged with drafting and amending domestic intelligence reform proposals in response to the 9/11 Commission. Continuity of Congress. Congress continued to address the issue of continuity in the legislative branch. CRS provided close support to the Senate in conceiving and planning for an emergency exercise involving a simulated off-site session of the Senate, A senior specialist presided over the simulated session, assisted by other CRS analysts in various roles, Experts assisted in ‘evaluating possible constitutional amendments to insure continuity and provided analyses of proposed legislation to expedite conduct of special elections and changes in House rules that would allow the chamber to continue operations in the event of the death or incapacitation of large number of its Members. The Service also prepared a multidivisional response to an extensive series of committee inquiries on continuity operations. Critical Infrastructure. CRS analysts focused on the security and protection of assets critical to U.S. infrastructure — including transportation systems, especially port facilities and airports; communications systems; oil and gas pipelines; electrical generating facilities, transformers, and power grids; liquified natural gas facilities; and chemical manufacturing facilities, Analyses included evaluations of risk, assessments of alternative responses for secure facilities, and comparisons of governmental and private initiatives to achieve security. Analysts also addressed the issue of security and access to scientific data, providing subject expertise in chemistry, biology, and physics research; political science; government reform; and information technology for congressional oversight hearings onthe USA Patriot Act, immigration of foreign students into the United States, and classification of sensitive but unclassified scientific data, CRS analyzed issues including passenger aviation security, air cargo security, private security screening, and the arming of airline pilots. In the maritime area, cargo and port security issues were the subject of various bills to address systemic gaps. Analysts also focused on transit and passenger rail security considered to be vulnerable to terrorist attacks. The 9/11 Commission recommended a more robust communications system for first responders to disasters and terrorism events. CRS provided research on methods of freeing up spectrum for emergency communications systems and alternative ways of ensuring centralized, ‘compatible communication systems among police, firefighters, and other first responders at the time of an incident. Bioterrorism, Since 9/11 and the anthrax mailings to Capitol Hill, the issue of bioterrorism has been a congressional priority. CRS supported Congress through a series of studies, including in- depth reviews and comparisons of the various types of biological agents considered to pose threats, and a framework for assessing threats. As the President’s legislative initiative, Project BioShield, moved through the Congress, the Service supported markup in the Senate, assisted with hearings in the House, and provided additional analysis and information as the bill passed both chambers. ACRS. comparative analysis of the House and Senate versions was used in deliberations that led to enactment of the Project Bioshield Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-276).1 FIRST SESSION ISSUES, 108™ CONGRESS: OCTOBER 1-DECEMBER 31, 2003 Economic Conditions. Economic issues, including the continuing slow pace of job creation following the recession and recovery, growing budget deficits, and a variety of trade-related issues continued to occupy Congress. CRS economists assessed lagging employment, including the controversial foreign outsourcing issue (offshoring); continuing rapid growth in productivity; the implications of a possible shift in the “natural rate of unemployment;” and structural change in the ‘manufacturing sector (the “deindustrialization” issue), Analyses of budget- related issues addressed. general trends, prospects for closing the deficit, assessments of how tax cuts and similar policy actions were affecting the economy, and changes in the U.S. savings rate. Economists continued their regular series of briefings in preparation for the semi-annual monetary policy hearings with the Federal Reserve chairman as well as their regular seminars for congressional staff on the U.S. economy and the federal budget, Congressional Administration and CapitolSecurity. CRS continued its support to Members and committee staff during the legislative branch appropriations process. Assistance included analyses of legislative branch programs and authorities; rescission proposals for agency operations, budgets, and personnel; funding and staff trends; staff and other resources available to Members; and committee operating budgets. Analysts provided research on the issue of congressional pay, including pay adjustment procedures, proposals for modification of the pay adjustment process, statutory limitations on adjustments, the effect of procedural votes on consideration of pay amendments, and congressional/private sector pay comparability. Security related assistance included analyses of the merger of Capitol Hill police agencies, police budget and personnel growth trends, and the construction costs and progress of the Capitol Visitors’ Center. Banking. CRS analysts worked in close collaboration on analysis of proposed amendments to the Fait Credit Reporting Act, including the Act’s preemptive effect, privacy implications, provisions for free credit reports, and numerous comparisons of the various proposals. Legal experts worked with House and Senate committees on questions pertaining to consumer information disclosure under the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACT Act), P.L. 108-159. Experts analyzed the authority of the Comptroller of the Currency to issue final regulations preempting state laws on consumer lending and national banks, the regulatory framework, and the Treasury Department's ability to control debt issuances by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, as well as bills that would have changed the oversight of these two financial institutions. Corporate Governance. CRS economists continued studies on a variety of corporate governance issues, particularly those affecting mutual funds, Experts conducted analyses on specific issues of late trading and fund fees in the mutual funds market; assessments of legislative proposals for market reform in, and governance of, the New York Stock Exchange; and overviews of the financial issues involved in major corporate failures and the subsequent criminal and civil charges arising from corporate scandals. Fair Credit Reporting Act and Financial Privacy. CRS economists and legal experts worked together to provide close support to Congress as legislation moved through conference toward enactment. Work focused on comparing House and Senate versions of the legislation, including analyses of specific matters in disagreement between the chambers, and comprehensive assessments of a variety of proposed amendments ranging from the use of Social Security numbers and identity theft to the transparency of the lender decision-making process in using credit scores. ‘The Conference Committee produced the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003, P.L. 108-159.8 Space, Following the loss of the space shuttle Columbia on February 1, 2003, issues concerning NASA’s management system for flying the shuttle became the focus of an investigating commission. CRS prepared an analysis of the space program to provide context and presented expert testimony at congressional hearings. ‘Natural Resources. Several natural resource issues were the focus of congressional attention, RS provided research and analysis that informed the debate on whether to open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge for oil and gas drilling and on water resources projects such as the Colorado River water allocation, Everglades restoration, San Francisco Bay-Delta (CALFED) projects, Missouri River management, and a possible National Water Commission. CRS assisted Congress on other issues such as agency appropriations and endangered species. Agriculture Trade. CRS analysts provided extensive support to the Congress on agricultural trade and food aid issues. Work for the Congress included tracking the status of agriculture in the latest round of WTO muttilateral negotiations, as well as bilateral negotiations with Thailand, Panama, Australia, Central America, Chile, Bahrain, Africa, and a possible free trade area of the Americas. Experts covered agricultural rade disputes between the United States and Mexico, Brazil, China, the European Union, and Canada. Food aid issues, especially related to Iraq and Sudan, also were topics of analysis, as were the implications of potential easing of trade sanctions on Cuba. Mad Cow Disease. Outbreaks of animal diseases generated substantial congressional interest, numerous legislative proposals, and thus requests for CRS research and analysis, Within two days after a cow infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) was found in the United States in late December 2002, CRS summarized the possible implications for U.S. agriculture, trade, and food policy. This was quickly followed by in-depth analyses that provided a continuing update on the situation and its consequences. The Service responded immediately to the outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the fall of 2003 with interdisciplinary analysis that conjoined agricultural and veterinary expertise, Subsequently foreign affairs expertise was incorporated to assess the impact of the avian influenza outbreak in China. North Korea, Congress requested CRS analysis, hearing support, and background material on the growing nuclear threat in North Korea, the condition of its economy, humanitarian assistance, and its relations with Japan, South Korea, and other nations. Requests for assistance increased as Pyongyang advanced its nuclear weapons programs and the United States engaged China’s influence to begin Six Party Talks to try to resolve the threat. China. CRS provided multiple avenues of support to the Congress as it grappled with the varied facets of interaction with the People’s Republic of China. China’s relations with Taiwan, autonomy in Hong Kong, China’s currency value, cooperation in counter-terror activities, human and religious rights in China, and Beijing's role in resolving the North Korean nuclear standoff, along with other issues, generated congressional demand for CRS support. The Congress paid increasing attention to the implications of the rise of China as an economic and military power. CRS supported congressional activities relating to China's $100 billion trade surplus with the United States, China’s growing trade arrangements with its neighbors, outsourcing of U.S. jobs, labor conditions in China, maintaining the arms sales embargo on China, and numerous issues dealing with China’s domestic economy, civil society, and human rights.9 SECOND SESSION ISSUES, 108™ CONGRESS: JANUARY 1-SEPTEMBER 31, 2004 Prescription Drugsand Vaccines, Following enactment of anew Medicare prescription drug benefit in the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act (MMA), P.L. 108- 173, analysts were called on by Members and staff to analyze anticipated implementation issues of the new benefit on subjects such as an interim prescription drug discount card, impact on low-income individuals, and options for persons enrolled in managed care plans. In part because the new Medicare prescription drug benefits do not become effective until 2006, MMA also included provisions that addressed federal policies on the importation of drugs from abroad. These provisions, however, require conditions for implementation that thus far have had the effect of barring the importation of new quantities of drugs. CRS evaluated legislative options for liberalizing the MMA provisions and analyzed and compared approaches of four different bills debated on the issue. Vaccines and their regulation by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were other issues addressed during the Second Session. CRS analysts were asked to evaluate FDA’s regulatory structure for assuring safety of vaccines, particularly for children and military personnel. Late in the Second Session, Congress turned to issues related to flu vaccine shortage and especially what could be done to remove market disincentives including injury and economic liability to keep manufacturers in the market, to increase production capacity, and whether to federalize any functions such as stockpiling. Immigration. Although the 9/11 terrorist attacks dramatically altered the priorities of U.S. immigration policy, proposals for a guest worker program as well as other legislative options regarding the status and authorized numbers of foreign workers and business personnel were actively considered by the Congress, although no legislation was enacted. Major proposals included increasing the authorized number of visas for professional workers (H-1B) and intra-company transfers (L), creating new categories of guest worker visas, and establishing new mechanisms for foreign workers to regularize their status, become naturalized citizens, or both. The CRS immigration team was actively involved in explaining the reasoning behind current provisions and assisting in the development or review of legislative proposals for change. The eligibility of aliens, whether authorized or not, for public benefits has also been a topic of continuing interest. Congress considered medical services under the Medicaid Program, welfare benefits under the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Program, and postsecondary education assistance under both federal and state programs, Analysts on the CRS immigration team provided regular support to committee staff, often on a daily basis, and used a recently developed internal database of state policies to inform the legislative debate. Energy. During consideration of omnibus energy legislation, H.R. 6 and $. 2095, CRS analysts worked with committees and Members throughout the legislative process, culminating in the preparation of detailed comparisons of the two bills. In the end, one of the key provisions that stymied action involved clean air issues, in particular provisions dealing with the gasoline additive MTBE and related programs to stimulate use of ethanol and other renewable fuels. These provisions were a focus of CRS experts, who produced comparative analyses of the ethanol and MTBE provisions within days of their introduction and worked extensively with Senate offices involved in the MTBE debate. Another aspect of the energy debate concemed ongoing trends in various fuel prices, especially gasoline and natural gas. ‘The Service prepared materials both to give the context and the real-time movements of these prices and prepared analyses of the forces underlying prices. CRS prepared studies of economic, business sector, geopolitical, and environmental forces affecting fuel prices, both as background and as evolving trends driving price expectations into the future.10 Surface Transportation Issues. With the expiration of the highway and transit programs, CRS provided in-depth support for the Congress as it considered reauthorizing these programs. This support required interdisciplinary research by transportation analysts, involving substantive studies of issues, cost and benefit analyses, and evaluations of proposals. Analysts provided support to authorizing committees and prepared analyses on highway funding proposals, safety programs, and intermodal issues. Water Resources. CRS analysts focused on a series of water resource issues, including the San Francisco Bay-Delta (CALFED) project, rural water supply legislation, the Army Corps of Engineers proposals for improving the Upper Mississippi River- Illinois Waterway, and the Gila Indian ‘Water Rights Settlement Act. CRS support involved interdisciplinary analysis involving agricultural production, ecological impacts, and the implications of both engineering procedures and nonstructural approaches to handling waterway traffic. Analysts also assisted with analysis on other water issues including oceans policy, Great Lakes restoration, and water project authorizations bills, Tobacco Quota Buyout. ‘The Service worked closely with the Congress on legislative proposals to compensate tobacco growers and landowners for the loss of their quota holdings that, for more than 70 years, allowed them to plant and sell tobacco. Analysts evaluated and compared the major proposals put forward on this subject. Drawing expertise from other disciplines covering the public health and legal aspects of the tobacco proposals, CRS prepared analyses on various aspects of the tobacco buyout, Telecommunications. Inthe Second Session Congress showed increased interest in revisiting the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-104) to redress what many in Congress sce as inequities arising from new technologies and applications. CRS analysts responded to a wide range of requests from Congress on the “e-rate” (electronic rate) program connecting schools and libraries to the Internet, the role of the Federal Communications Commission in the Internet age, spectrum use and interoperability in times of national emergency, and cybersecurity, crime, and privacy. International Trade. International trade issues were prominent in the Second Session. CRS analysts reviewed the status of several ongoing and proposed free trade negotiations, including the Doha Development Agenda of multilateral trade negotiations, regional negotiations involving South Africa, Central America, and the Western Hemisphere, and bilateral negotiations involving Panama, Chile, Australia, Bahrain, and Morocco. As both the House and Senate considered legislation to repeal an export tax benefit that the World Trade Organization (WTO) had ruled illegal, analysts monitored the impact that European sanctions were having on U.S. exports. CRS also reported on U.S. antidumping provisions (the Byrd Amendment) that the WTO also had ruled illegal. ‘Trade implications of various bills were addressed by CRS ina number of areas. As sanctions began to be imposed by WTO countries because the U.S. system for taxing extraterritorial income ‘was deemed to be an illegal subsidy, the Service continued to analyze the trade implications of various proposals to address the problem. Analysts also studied whether certain proposals to allow drug reimportation from selected countries comported with international trade obligations under GATT and WTO. Global AIDS. Amid continuing concern over the global AIDS pandemic, the Congress passed foreign operations bills that considerably augmented the Administration’s request for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria. Appropriations hearings devoted much attention to African issues and the bills included numerous Africa related provisions. As a result, CRS provided research on the African development issues and the African AIDS pandemic,car Sudan. The House and Senate passed resolutions that declared that the Darfur conflict constituted genocide. Congress earmarked U.S. assistance for humanitarian relief and peacekeeping efforts in Darfur in FY2005 appropriations measures for the Department of Defense and Foreign Operations. CRS provided in-depth analysis of the crisis and accompanied congressional delegations traveling to Sudan and the surrounding region. Higher Education, Congress actively considered legislation during FY2004 to amend and reauthorize the Higher Education Act (HEA). A CRS team contributed to deliberations on major reauthorization issues such as college costs, institutional eligibility to participate in student aid programs, the complex relationships between federal grants or loans and tax benefits for postsecondary education, and simplification of the process for determining students’ financial need for federal aid. The Service worked closely with Congress to analyze options for amending current law relating to possible “excess” subsidies to federally guaranteed student loan providers. Team members made extensive use of computer modeling: a Pell Grant estimation model was used to analyze the impact of changes in the award rules for this HEA program; several computer models ‘were used to examine need analysis simplification; and an updated version of a model simulating the interaction of federal education tax credits and the Pell Grant program supported analysis of changes in both forms of financial aid. Vocational Education. During the Second Session Congress considered legislationto amend and extend the authorization for the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act (Perkins Act). CRS analyzed the current provisions of the Perkins Act and proposed revisions, consulted on possible amendments, and prepared quantitative analyses of the potential impact of allocation formula changes, District of Columbia Voting Representation in Congress. CRS provided support to the Congress as it examined the question of voting representation in Congress for the nation’s capital and considered legislation on this question. Assistance included analyses of proposals such as temporarily increasing the number of seats in the House of Representatives, retrocession of much or all of the District of Columbia to Maryland, statehood for the nonfederal area of Washington, and allowing, District of Columbia citizens to vote for House and Senate candidates in Maryland, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Regulation, CRS assisted Congress in its consideration of, proposals to reform regulation of govemment sponsored enterprises (GSEs) following revelations of potentially serious problems of corporate governance in both institutions. Analysts responded to congressional concems with comprehensive background information on GSEs in general and their respective missions and regulatory oversight, subsequently providing analysis of accounting problems as well as assessments of alternative proposals for reform. Insurance Regulation. CRS economists responded to renewed congressional interest in this traditionally state-regulated industry with a wide range of analyses on potential legislative initiatives to require more uniformity, including optional federal chartering of insurance companies; convergence in financial services as it affects insurance markets; insurance regulation since passage of the Graham- Leach-Bliley Act in 1999; and a broad overview of issues involved in modemizing insurance regulation, Presidential Succession. The prospect of terrorist attacks on the leadership of Congress and the executive branch on vulnerable occasions, suchas during a presidential transition or at events such as inaugural ceremonies or joint sessions addressed by the President, led to increased concern over the adequacy of the 1947 Presidential Succession Act to meet contemporary contingencies. CRS12 provided close support on this question, including an historical overview of the succession question, identification and analysis of alternative proposals for succession reform, and testimony before the relevant House committees on the question of presidential succession. Senate Committee Reform. In response to the intelligence reform proposals of the 9/11 Commission Report, the Senate Majority and Minority Leaders announced appointment of working gTOups to examine revision of Senate oversight of intelligence and homeland security policy. CRS analysts provided informational and analytical support to the working group in all stages of its deliberations, including background information on prior reorganization efforts; comparative advantages of altemative committee structures; nomination reform; questions of committee jurisdiction over intelligence and homeland security agencies; and discussion of related floor procedures. ISSUES ADDRESSED THROUGHOUT THE 108™ CONGRESS Judicial Appointments Process. Appointments to the Judiciary remainedan issue throughout both sessions. CRS experts provided analyses of the President’s appointment power, the Senate's role in advice and consent, and options for procedural innovations available to both Congress and the Chief Executive that could expedite the appointments process and possibly facilitate closer and mote cordial cooperation among the branches. A range of historical analyses examined the Senate’s role in the judicial appointments process, including the origins and development of senatorial courtesy, “blue slips,” holds on nominations, and related use of the filibuster. Accompanying statistical assessments provided data on the number of judicial nominations submitted; those that received committee and floor action; the average time taken to hold hearings; and committee and Senate votes. Taxation and Public Finance. Throughout the 108" Congress, CRS provided analyses of bills concerning expiring middle class tax provisions, including the marriage tax penalty and the 10- percent bracket. For related legislation, including H.R. 1308, which was eventually enacted as P.L. 108-311, assistance included tracking legislative developments and changes in the billas it progressed toward ultimate passage. Issues included the refundability of the child tax credit; pension reform legislation; taxes related to highway funding; the extension of the current moratorium on Internet taxation; elimination of export tax subsidies; and tax cuts to stimulate business activity and economic growth. In the area of public finance, economists provided extensive analyses of policy options concerning fiscal problems facing the states; the federal debt limit; budget forecasts; and the budgetary treatment of federal credit, including direct loans and loan guarantees. The Service provided research and analyses on the Jobs Creation Act, P-L. 108-357, which included an analysis and comparison of the manufacturing tax incentives in different versions of the bill; an extensive analysis of various antitax shelter proposals; and an overview that compared provisions of the House and Senate versions, including revenue costs of each. Child Care and Head Start. Congress addressed early childhood issues in separate attempts to reauthorize welfare reform (and mandatory spending for child care), the Child Care and Development Block Grant, and Head Start. CRS analysts provided background and legislative support inthese efforts. During Senate consideration of welfare reform reauthorization (H.R. 4) child care funding became a central issue, and analysts prepared state allocation tables and other materials for use during the floor debate. The Service also assisted committee consideration of Head Start reauthorization and subsequently provided background and analysis to congressional staff examining both child care and Head Start in the larger context of early childhood development, including the relationship of these programs to various state early education and pre-kindergarten initiatives.13 Child Nutrition. CRS provided legislative support to Congress during reauthorization of school funding and child nutrition programs, a process that concluded with the enactment of P.L. 108-265. CRS worked with all key congressional staff on this legislation, who relied extensively on the Service for analysis and assistance during the drafting and revising of its provisions, as well as preparation of bill comparison and summary documents. This work included close consultation with the Administration and legislative counsel. Welfare Reform. Attempts to reauthorize the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant continued throughout the 108" Congress. CRS analysts provided close legislative support by assisting committee staff during markup and preparation of committee documents for use during legislative deliberations, and by reviewing multiple bill drafts for technical accuracy. CRS staff conducted various statistical analyses to show the impact on states of proposals to change the current law’s work requirements for welfare recipients, and worked closely with congressional staff to help revise and define these proposals. Analyses outlining major differences and similarities between the TANF, child care, and child support provisions of the Administration, House, and Senate committee bills were prepared. CRS analysts also used a data system, developed and maintained in CRS, to describe state variations in TANF Programs. Child Welfare. Analysts worked with the Congress on several active child welfare issues, including reauthorization of the adoption incentives programs and efforts to reform the financing structure of federal child welfare programs and to streamline and improve the interstate placement process for foster and adoptive children. This work included assistance to committee staff, technical review of legislative provisions, and analysis of data to illustrate the interstate movement of foster and adoptive children, to estimate the impact on states of various financing reform proposals, and to identify strengths and weaknesses among states in meeting federal child welfare mandates. Military Installation Closures. Many in Congress expressed concem in how the pending DOD actions of closing and realigning military installations will impact the U.S. defense posture. In response, CRS formed an interdivisional task force to address defense, environmental, land use, legal, budgetary, and economic implications of such actions. CRS analyzed the closing and realigning process, the congressional role, and provided briefings to Members and staff. A well-attended seminar, “Military Base Closures: DOD's Internal 2005 BRAC Selection Process,” was presented in response to congressional inquiries. Overtime Regulations. The Congress devoted a great deal of attention to efforts by the Department of Labor (DOL) to revise its regulations on the overtime provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) for the first time in several decades. There was debate over the potential impact and faimess of proposed regulations intended to redefine the portions of the civilian labor force for coverage by the FLSA’s overtime requirements, especially the exemption for executive, administrative, and professional employees. CRS prepared extensive analyses of the proposed and final regulations, their potential impact, and their historical context. Housing Vouchers, The Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program became the center of controversy during the First Session of the 108" Congress and continued into the Second Session for several reasons, including the Administration's proposed program reforms and subsequent implementation of FY2004 appropriations language (P.L. 108-199). CRS assisted committee staff and prepared a widely used analysis of the rationale and implications of the appropriations language and its implementation.14 Pension Reform. Many traditional pension plans experienced declines in the value of their pension fund assets as a result of the stock market decline from 2000 through 2002, and increases inthe value of plan liabilities due to historically low interest rates. The President signed into law P.L. 108-218, the Pension Funding Equity Act, which amends the Internal Revenue Code and the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) with respect to funding requirements fordefined benefit pension plans. Throughout the legislative process CRS assisted Congress by providing research on pending funding issues and assisting with legislative language. Social Security. While major reform of the Social Security system was not a primary legislative focus of the 108" Congress, there was active debate around issues associated with the program’s long-term solvency and with other program components, CRS assisted the Congress with technical support evaluating these proposals, including analyses of the impact on benefits of these proposals using simulation models. In the early part of the Second Session, Congress passed the Social Security Protection Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-203), which imposes stricter standards on individuals and organizations serving as representative payees for Social Security and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) recipients; makes nongovernmental representative payees liable for misused funds and subjects them to civil monetary penalties; tightens restrictions on attomeys who represent Social Security and SSI disability claimants; limits assessments on attomney fee payments; prohibits fugitive felons from receiving Social Security benefits; modifies the “last-day rule” under the government pension offset; requires certain noncitizens to have authorization to work in the United States at the time a Social Security number is assigned, or at some later time, to gain insured status under the Social Security Program. CRS analyzed the implications of alternative elements of this legislation, CRS worked with committees of jurisdiction to review foreign social security systems and the U.S.-Mexican totalization agreement, which was signed by the President, but not agreed to by the Congress. This agreement served to coordinate benefits for workers who eam credits under both the U.S. and Mexican social security systems. Additional work in the social security area focused on the impact of potential changes in the Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) of Social Security, Using a simulation model, CRS provided estimates of the impact of this provision on current law and proposed alternatives on worker benefit levels. Special Education. CRS analysts provided ongoing assistance to Congress as it considered reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). CRS analysts helped committee staff and Members in the development and consideration of these bills, Collaborative efforts between education and legal analysts included comprehensive analyses of the House and ‘Senate passed IDEA reauthorization bills, plus comparisons of these bills with each other and current aw, Other analytic activities included numerous simulations of various funding scenarios and various proposals for state administrative set-asides, as well as estimations of the impact of possible alternatives for modifying IDEA state and local fiscal requirements so that increased federal funding could be used in part to reduce the state and local financial burden of providing special education and related services to children with disabilities, Election Law. In December 2003, when the Supreme Court upheld key portions of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA), CRS reported on the impact of the High Court decision on the law. In addition, CRS provided analyses on the effectiveness of BCRA, the application of federal election law to tax-exempt Internal Revenue Code Section 527 organizations, issues relating to Federal Election Commission interpretation of BCRA, and new regulation of electioneering communications and political party soft money.15 Criminal Justice and Gun Control. Congress called on CRS expertise to assist several committees and Members on legislative efforts affecting gun control, DNA testing for law enforcement and postconviction purposes, federal prison industries, and law enforcement funding. Two gun control bills were enacted, one exempting certain law enforcement officers from state laws prohibiting the carrying of concealed weapons, the other extending the undetectable firearms ban for 10 years. Inan analysis of the semi-automatic assault weapons ban, CRS reviewed data from several studies and offered an assessment of major arguments offered by both proponents and opponents of the ban, as well as provided options for better data collection regarding the use of assault weapons ina crime. CRS legal experts worked on questions concerning the regulation of firearms and legislation addressing the prohibition of lawsuits against firearm manufacturers and dealers. CRS assisted Congress in its consideration of the District of Columbia Personal Protection Act, which would alter District of Columbia law to reduce current restrictions on the possession of firearms in the District. Analysts advised congressional staff on Senate proposals to immunize firearm and ammunition ‘manufacturers and dealers from lawsuits resulting from the misuse of firearms. Since the passage of, the Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-277), CRS analyzed the requirements and constitutional implications of the law. Family Law/Domestic Relations. As Congress considered the issue of same sex marriage and various proposed constitutional amendments to define marriage, CRS researched the applicable state laws, the provisions of the Federal Defense of Marriage Act, and possible constitutional challenges to it. CRS also analyzed the legal consequences of a variety of proposed constitutional marriage amendments and helped prepare staff for congressional hearings and floor action.16 IIL. MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES Management initiatives included efforts to provide immediate assistance to Congress upon the release of the 9/11 Commission Report, continuing the formation process of a Knowledge Services Group (KSG) to better serve the information needs of the Congress, integrating newly hired staff, reviewing the authoring system of CRS products, consolidating the CRS computer databases, and refining internal communications procedures, RESPONSE TO THE 9/11 COMMISSION REPORT Upon release of the report by the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks on the United States (the 9/11 Commission Report), a CRS interdisciplary team provided immediate assistance to ‘Congress in analyzing the report's recommendations. CRS provided 70 written products addressing the subjects it highlighted and legislative response to the report’s recommendations, CRS analyses and reports were highlighted on the CRS Web page, and experts were available for consultations and briefings. KNOWLEDGE SERVICES GROUP ‘The Director appointed a Knowledge Services Project Leadership Team (KSPLT) to implement plans for a reorganization of CRS information professionals into a Knowledge Services Group (KSG). The goal of the KSG, upon formation, is to support the CRS mission by advising and informing Congress and CRS staff in the selection, organization, creation, and accessibility of customized authoritative research and information, ‘The KSPLT developed a KSG concept of operations model that includes both an operations and a business concept. The business concept proposed that the KSG be comprised of information professionals partnering with CRS analysts and attorneys to provide authoritative information research and policy analysis to Congress. The operations model included an innovative arrangement of KSG staff to foster collaboration by clustering information professionals and analysts together by broad policy issue area. This collaborative approach will allow CRS to provide rapid yet thorough responses to Congress combining analysis and information. SUCCESSION PLANNING During fiscal years 2003 and 2004 CRS hired nearly 150 new staff as anticipated departures due to retirement increased. The successful integration of these staff remains a high priority and represents an important phase in CRS succession planning efforts. New hires attend the CRS orientation program and are assigned mentors. In addition, it is the responsibility of managers, supervisors, and staff to ensure their smooth transition into the work and service-oriented culture of CRS and their full understanding of the CRS mission. To emphasize its importance, in early FY2004 the integration of new staff was a topic of discussion at the CRS senior managers’ annual ‘management review. To contribute to that discussion, a group of new hires was requested to provide feedback on how they and other new hires view CRS’s efforts to incorporate them into the work of CRS. Based on this and other discussions concerning new staff, improvements were recommended and implemented resulting in a more consistent approach to their integration across the Service.17 AUTHORING SYSTEM The Director approved a contract for an independent review of the Service’s system for authoring CRS reports and distributing them through the CRS Website and in print. The contractor met with each of the research divisions to understand their current authoring and production process and to assess their particular requirements. The review analyzed all current systems and requirements, and will make recommendations to improve the Service’s authoring and distribution systems. CONSOLIDATED DATABASE Inorder to improve cross-service support and reduce duplication of effort, the Service began work on a corporate database that will eventually consolidate information on several systems, including product creation, workforce, and finance. A series of releases have been scheduled and will allow CRS to be more efficient in accessing its electronic information when authoring products and making CRS expert contact information available to the Congress. CURRENT LEGISLATIVE ISSUES (CLI) SYSTEM The CRS Current Legislative Issues (CLI) system, accessible to the Congress from the CRS Website Home Page, supported the need for immediate research in public policy areas identified by CRS research staff as active and of current importance to the Congress. All products were ‘maintained to reflect significant policy developments, ‘The CLI system is organized around issues identified by CRS experts as significant policy challenges they anticipate the Congress will address through legislative enactment or oversight, with requests for congressional support expected. Each issue is supported by CRS products most directly addressing prevailing policy questions. In FY2004 CRS developed and maintained about 180 CLIs. ‘The CLI system is maintained by linking to electronic product files that display the most current version of each product; by ongoing review of new products and legislative issues; and by periodic, systemwide reviews in which the entire CRS research staff participates. BUSINESS CONTINUITY AND CONTINGENCY PLAN In FY2004 the CRS Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP) and related documents were updated and refined, A CRS Critical Infrastructure Protection Plan was developed and continuously updated to identify and describe the critical technical systems that would be required to continue core business functions if displacement from the Madison Building occurred, inform CRS management about current issues surrounding technical resources at various alternate facilities, assess the readiness of our ability to restore these systems as related to the progress and development of the Alternate Computing Facility, and discuss options to address vulnerabilities The CRS Director approved establishment of the Offsite Work Team. Its task was to develop and recommend methods to test CRS ability to serve the Congress in the event the Madison Building is unavailable and staff are attempting to work from alternate work sites (including both CRS provisioned facilities and private homes). ‘The team delivered its report in September 2004, which identified the research-related functions that need to be performed in a test along with the required resources for successful testing, The first test was planned for October 2004.18 CONSOLIDATION OF RESEARCH AND COPY CENTERS CRS closed one of the five reading and research centers in order to maximize efficient use of resources. Collections in this center were integrated into the CRS general collections and duplicative subscriptions and other information materials were eliminated, thus reducing costs. As the distribution of CRS products through the Website increased dramatically, CRS examined the impact this had on congressional demands for paper copies and on the workload of CRS copy centers operated by an outside contractor. The effectiveness of the CRS Website allowed one of the three copy centers to be closed. This reduced the FY2004 overall cost for this contract (a decrease of 20 percent) as well as lowered equipment leasing costs (a decrease of 13 percent). INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS CRS continued its efforts to enhance further internal communications by focusing both on content and channels of communication, CRS conducted two all-staff surveys to evaluate the effectiveness of specific changes made the previous year. The first was the survey on the Tuesday Morning Update, which is a weekly electronic newsletter prepared for CRS staff to convey business, operational and policy matters. ‘The survey results led to several modifications in the newsletter. The second all-staff survey addressed all components of the CRS communications program and elicited staff input to the effectiveness of communication throughout the organization, Other work to improve intemal communications included review of the 2002-2003 strategic plan; refreshed membership in two communications-related teams; identification of a permanent mechanism for continuing CRS informal lunchtime discussions; and review of a contractor-prepared assessment of communications-related changes within CRS.19 IV. TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVES To accommodate the growing use of the Intemet by Congress and ensure the availabilty of CRS products, the Service increased Web services available to the Congress, enhanced the technical infrastructure to include upgrades of computers, better server capability, and improved security and reliability of CRS information. WEB SERVICES ‘The CRS Website continues to be the primary delivery mechanism for CRS analysis and expertise; over 85 percent of the distribution of CRS products was through the Web in FY2004, Besides accessing CRS written analyses, congressional staff are also using the Website to identify CRS experts on selected topics of interest. The “Contact Experts” pages, which identify CRS analysts in specific policy areas and provide their phone numbers, were enhanced to include links to e-mail addresses. Experts lists on strengthening the intelligence function and intelligence oversight were made available. In response to client interest, an existing “Congressional Processes” page of CRS contacts was given heightened visibility by adding it to the “Contact Experts” section of the site. ‘The CRS Home Page highlighted various Current Legislative Issues throughout the year, listing CRS products on such active issues as mad cow disease, ricin concerns, and policy areas covered by the 9/11 Commission’s report, as well as on budget, energy, education, the environment, Justice, labor, tax, and a range of other public policy matters on the legislative agenda. Live Webcasts of CRS seminars on areas of public policy interest, including Iraq and the U.S. economy, were also offered throughout the year. TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE The major goal of CRS technology infrastructure is to build and sustain technical infrastructure and services that enable the Service to fulfill ts mission of providing the Congress with comprehensive and reliable analysis, research and information services. The Service does this by having highly skilled individuals and teams dedicated to providing CRS staff with a responsive and secure technical environment that is built upon the most effective technology and implemented using best business practices. InFY2004CRS continued its focus on collaborative computing, quantitative analysis, security, and disaster recovery. Of note in the past year were the continuing efforts in a number of key areas at the Service, including upgrades of desktop computers and printers, enhancement of the server and storage capacity supporting quantitative analysis, and implementation of systems for ensuring automatic security upgrades. To improve cross-service support and reduce duplication of effort, the Service began work ‘on several initiatives, including a corporate database that will eventually consolidate information from product creation, workforce and finance systems. CRS also undertook efforts to improve its information technology (IT) planning and management controls by adopting System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) processes and beginning work on development of an Enterprise Architecture and IT Investment Management Program.20 SECURITY AND RELIABILITY Information security and system reliability continued to be a major focus of CRS technology support. Working in coordination with the Library’s Office of Information Technology Services, CRS made significant progress on the implementation of its plan for an Alternative Computing Facility (ACF) currently scheduled for full operation in the second quarter of FY2005. The Service enhanced its intrusion detection systems and continued regular vulnerability scanning of its desktop computers and servers to ensure that the latest patches and antivirus software were installed and current, One measure of the effectiveness of CRS security programs is that CRS did not experience a single major intrusion or security incident during the year. INFO PACK ELIMINATION In recognition of clients’ growing reliance on the CRS Website, the decision was made to discontinue the print info pack product line in favor of a Web-based solution. Retired info packs were replaced with new “Constituent Services” pages that provide nonpublic policy-related research and. information materials specifically tailored to assist with speech writing and other representational duties. The entire Reference Desk section of the Website was reorganized and retooled to improve usability. The Service created two new customizable CRS Web pages, “Student Financial Aid” and “Business Opportunities with the Federal Government,” (modeled after the successful CRS page “Grants and Foundation Support”) that Members may place on their Websites for constituents, INQUIRY STATUS AND INFORMATION SYSTEM (ISIS) ISIS is the CRS database enabling reliable response to congressional requests. It provides immediate access for tracking information on congressional inquiries and provides statistical data for budget, program and personnel planning, ISIS software coding is currently being rewritten for portability. ISIS is being moved froma client server environment to a Web-based platform. This will allow staff'to use ISIS in times of emergency when CRS is operating out of Landover, the Alternative Computing Facility (ACF) or some other alternative, emergency location. Inquiry management is working closely with the CRS Technology Office on design features of this project, and Inquiry staff are testing new applications.2 APPENDIXES A. FY2004 BUDGET, RESOURCES, AND OTHER FUNDING InFY2004 CRS had an authorized staffing level of 729 full-time equivalents (FTEs) and an appropriation available for expenditure of $91,184,817. Eighty-eight percent of the fiscal year’s expenditures supported staff salaries and benefits. During this fiscal year CRS received $235,000 from the Henry Luce Foundation in partial support of the January 2005 CRS Policy Orientation for new House Members of the 109" Congress. CRS also received $30,782 under a FY1999 grant of $1,629,000 from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, providing partial support for an integrated program of projects, workshops, and seminars designed to enhance CRS analytic capacity and enrich the CRS resources available to the Congress in health policy issue areas that likely will remain on the legislative agenda.22 B. HUMAN RESOURCES AND STAFF DEVELOPMENT In FY2004 the Office of Workforce Development (WRK) coordinated the recruitment and selection of a number of key positions in CRS with a focus on infrastructure positions. It expanded CRS participation in various minority recruitment and hiring programs, provided training and professional development opportunities for all categories of staff, and recognized staff members who ‘made superior contributions toward the accomplishment of the Service’s mission. WRK staff supported the proposed reorganization of the Service’s information professionals into the Knowledge Services Group (KSG) by providing organizational and position management assistance that included the development of position descriptions to capture the duties and responsibilities of staff who are part of the new organization. WRK participated on a committee to the Library’s Merit Selection Task Force as it revised the Library's Merit Selection Plan to meet the classification and staffing needs of the service and. infrastructure units. ‘Through its representation on this committee and others, such as the AVUE Users Group and the Staffing/Classification Service Unit Committee, CRS contributed to changes that will enhance the Library's Merit Selection Plan and the CRS ability to recruit and select the best candidates for its positions. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION Usinga combination ofthe Library’s traditional hiring mechanisms and special programs, CRS made 57 selections to permanent/indefinite positions, including three noncompetitive reassignments from the Library, the Federal Presidential Management Fellows (PMF) Program (six positions), and the Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities Cooperative Education Program (HCEP) (one position). ‘This included 52 professional and administrative positions representing a variety of analytical disciplines, information technology specialties and administrative professions, and five support positions. Of the permanent/indefinite hires, 35 are women (61 percent) and 25 are minorities (44 percent). ‘The Service also hired 30 temporary staff. Of the temporary hires, 18 (60 percent) are women and 21 (70 percent) are minorities. ‘The FY2004 permanent hires included six selections made through the PMF Program, the highly competitive program administered by the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) designed to attract the nation’s top graduate students to careers in public service, ‘The six hires included two women, one African-American man, and one Hispanic man. CRS also used a new special hiring program, the Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities Cooperative Education Program to place a Hispanic candidate into a permanent position. CRS hosted several employees from other federal agencies to work in its research divisions: ‘one PMF participant to serve on a rotation, one detailee from the Department of Defense under the auspices of the Executive Potential Program, one detailee from the National Science Foundation to serve as a Research Fellow, and two detailees under the auspices of the U.S. Air Force Fellows Program.23 DIVERSITY EFFORTS Using a combination of its partnership programs and a Librarywide internship program, CRS hosted 10 undergraduate and graduate student interns (five women and five men) in the summer of 2004. CRS continued its efforts to expand its Student Diversity Internship Program (SDIP) to include the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation Congressional Fellows Program, Morgan State University, and Tuskegee University. This brings the total number of partner organizations participating in the SDIP to seven, Other partners are The Washington Center's Native American Leadership and Asia Pacific Internship Programs, the Asian Pacific American Institute for Congressional Studies Intemship Program, the Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities ‘National Internship Program, the United Negro College Fund’s Institute for Intemational Public Policy, and three Historically Black Colleges and Universities (Clark Atlanta University, Morehouse College, and Spelman College). WRK staff worked throughout the year to expand the pool of minority recruitment sources from which it draws when advertising permanent professional and administrative positions, and to develop stronger ties with these various groups and organizations in order to promote CRS positions more effectively. ‘The Service also continued its participation in annual career fairs and other recruitment events sponsored by minority organizations and hosted special orientation sessions for minority students serving in congressional offices. STAFF TRAINING AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT CRS enhanced the offerings of training and professional development opportunities with the launching of the Supervisory and Management Skills Series Leadership Training. More than 60 Section Heads and other managers, including members of the Service’s senior leadership team, participated in a comprehensive six-module training course. WRK continued to offer the CRS New Employee Orientation Program in addition to comprehensive training and professional development programs for all staff, with a focus on professional writing, critical thinking, and presentations skills. These classes continued to receive excellent evaluations from staff. CRS also supported staff participating in conferences, seminars, ‘workshops and specialized training to offer professional development opportunities and enhance staff knowledge in a variety of work-related subject areas. The Service began working with the Library to expand the Pathlore Leaming Management System that will offer online training opportunities to staff in addition to its course registration component currently being used for mandatory training STAFF RECOGNITION Itis CRS policy to acknowledge an employce’s superior performance and contributions that exceed job requirements. The Service understands that an effective recognition program contributes to maximum staff performance and satisfaction and to the achievement of the mission and goals of the organization. In keeping with that policy, during FY2004 CRS presented awards to 351 employees in recognition of their exceptional contributions. In addition to special achievement and on-the-spot awards, they included two superior and meritorious service awards. All CRS staff were invited and encouraged to attend the 2004 ceremony and reception in support of colleagues receiving24 awards. Team awards were published in the CRS newsletter as another means of recognizing the contributions staff make toward fulfilling the Service's mission.25 C. TYPES OF CRS SUPPORT TO THE CONGRESS: RESEARCH SERVICES AND PRODUCTS ‘Throughout FY2004 CRS supported the Congress with analysis, research, and information, presented in the formats described below. CONGRESSIONALLY DISTRIBUTED PRODUCTS PROVIDING RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS ON LEGISLATIVE ISSUES Reports for Congress. Reports for Congress, analyses or studies on specific issues of congressional legislative interest, are often prepared in response to numerous congressional inquiries. Reports may take many forms: policy analysis, economic studies, statistical reviews, legal analyses, historical studies, chronologies, and two-page fact sheets. Reports clearly define the issue in the legislative context. The basic requirements of these and other CRS written products are accuracy, balance, and utility. Analysts define and explain technical terms and concepts, frame the issues in understandable and relevant context, and provide appropriate, accurate, and valid quantitative data. ‘A summary appears on the first page of each report. CRS reports are distributed upon request ‘throughout the congressional community; some are published by committees to ensure broader distribution. Reports are updated as subsequent events occur for issues that are of ongoing interest to the Congress and withdrawn when they are no longer accurate or useful. Reports are available both in printed form and electronically on the CRS Website. CRS produced 838 new report titles this fiscal year; 5,092 active reports (titles) were available at the end of the fiscal year. Issue Briefs, Issue briefs, 2 unique CRS product, are concise briefing papers (16 pages maximum) on issues considered to be of major legislative importance to the Congress. Briefs are available both in printed form and digitally on the CRS Website. They are updated as events unfold; the date on the cover of each issue brief is the CRS confirmation that the information contained therein is current as of the posted date. Briefs provide background information, contain the most recent developments, and analyze policy options for legislative issues. ‘They frequently describe introduced bills and show the status of current legislation. In many issue briefs a chronology of key events is provided, and a short bibliography of additional references is listed. Briefs also contain a ‘one-page summary of the issue. Emphasis is on timeliness and brevity. While analytical findings on an issue may be drawn, issue briefs, like other CRS products, do not make legislative policy recommendations, There were 11 new issue briefs initiated in FY2004; 129 active issue briefs were available at the end of the fiscal year. Congressional Distribution Memoranda, These memoranda are prepared when the interest of a relatively small number of congressional readers (generally fewer than 50) is anticipated or when the transiency of the issue and the product make its inclusion as an advertised CRS product inappropriate. Each bears a label distinguishing it from CRS confidential memoranda. If an issue becomes important to a larger congressional audience, the product may be recast as an issue brief or a CRS report, as appropriate. ELECTRONICALLY ACCESSIBLE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES CRS Website (www.crs.gov). The CRS Website provides 24-hour access to key CRS products listed by legisiative issue, full text of issue briefs and reports, audio and video recordings of CRS programs, updates and analyses of annual appropriations legislation, an interactive guide to26 the legislative process, online registration for CRS seminars, and complete information on other services. The Website also offers selected pages on the legislative process, legal, and basic resources for work in congressional offices; and links to information on constituent services. Legislative Information System (www.congress.gov). The Legislative Information Systein (LIS) was available for the first time on Capnet at the beginning of the 105" Congress. The system provides Members of Congress and their staff with access to the most current and comprehensive legislative information available. It can be accessed only by the House and Senate and the legislative support agencies. The LIS has been developed under the policy direction of the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration and the House Committee on House Administration. It has been a collaborative project of the offices and agencies of the legislative branch, including the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House; House Information Resources and the Senate Sergeant at ‘Arms; the Government Printing Office; the General Accounting Office; the Congressional Budget Office; the Congressional Research Service; and the Library of Congress, CRS has responsibility for the overall coordination of the retrieval system; the Library of Congress is responsible for its technical development and operation. Floor Agenda, The “Floor Agenda: CRS Products” page, a weekly compendium of CRS products relevant to scheduled or expected floor action in the House and Senate, is available on the CRS Website and through e-mail subscription to all Members, committees, subcommittees, and congressional staff. AllCRS products listed on the “Floor Agenda” are linked for electronic delivery to subscriber desktops. Current Legislative Issues. The Current Legislative Issues (CLI) system reflects policy areas identified by CRS research staff as active and of current importance to the Congress. All products presented as CLIs are maintained to address significant policy developments, On occasion the system is used to facilitate the contribution of CRS expertise in situations requiring immediate attention of the Congress on an unanticipated basis. By the end of FY2004 CRS developed and maintained 182 CLs. Appropriations. ‘The CRS Appropriations CLI and Status Table continued to provide comprehensive legislative analysis and tracking for each of the 13 annual appropriations bills, two supplementals and three continuing resolutions. During the past year CRS also provided an Online Page Guide to the FY2005 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P-L. 108-447), covering nine of the appropriations, across-the-board spending cuts, and technical corrections. CRS Programs Listsery. Launched in fiscal 2001, this e-mail notification system provides subscribers with descriptions of current CRS programs and links to online registration forms. RESPONSES TO INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS AND COMMITTEES ‘The Service also responds to individual Member and staff requests for custom services. Frequently this is done by CRS analysts in the form of confidential policy and legal analyses, usually in memorandum format; consultations in person or by phone; and briefings on virtually all legislative and policy issues, each tailored to address specific questions directed to CRS by requesting Members and committees, Confidential Memoranda. Confidential memoranda are prepared to meet specific congressional requests, and are often designed to meet the needs of the congressional reader with a27 high level of expertise ina given topic. These memoranda of the original congressional requester are not distributed further unless permission has been given. The memorandum format is often used by CRS attorneys, for example, to respond to focused inquiries about the legal implications of statutory provisions, proposed legislation, or executive actions. ‘The Service also prepares “directed writing” that makes a case or incorporates the viewpoints or assumptions of the congressional requester for use in his or her own name, Such directed writing may not be cited as CRS analysis. Individual Staff Briefings. Individual or group staff briefings constitute another form of tailored response to congressional inquiries. CRS staff provides in-person briefings to Members and committees on specific policy issues, These briefings, for example, might focus on bills in formulation, foreign or domestic public policy issues before the Congress, the legislative process, congressional office operations, committee matters, or general orientations to CRS services and products. Briefing Books. Briefing books may be prepared for use by congressional delegations traveling abroad and are collections of materials that support specific purposes of a congressional trip. ‘They may contain a variety of materials such as maps, selected products, such as CRS reports, and brief tailored written work, which can contain background and current issues regarding U.S. relations with specific countries on the trip, as well as questions Members might ask when meeting with government and other officials. Telephone Responses. Telephone responses to inuiries are a vital element in the CRS information exchange with the Congress. CRS information specialists and analysts are directly accessible by phone; on a given day analysts will respond to numerous calls and provide information that may range from a statistic or a name to a short situation briefing or an interactive discussion analyzing alternatives for response to an issue. CRS goals in these instances are to provide expertise, ease of access, and personalized immediate response. SEMINARS AND BRIEFINGS CRS co-sponsored with the Carl Albert Congressional Research Center at the University of Oklahoma a one-day conference — “The Changing Nature of the House Speakership: The Cannon Centenary Conference.” This historic event featured speeches by the current Speaker, Hon. J. Dennis Hastert and all three living former Speakers: Hon, James C, Wright, Jr., Hon. Thomas S. Foley and Hon, Newt Gingrich. The conference commemorated the centenary of Speaker Joseph G. Cannon, who served from 1903 to 1911 A Public Policy Institute/Open House was attended by over 200 congressional staff. The event consisted of a series of seven workshops focusing on domestic, international and homeland security issues. InFY2004 CRS held 150 seminars on public policy issues as well as training on the legislative and budget processes. Member and staff attendance at these events was nearly 6,000. Several programs were held in House and Senate office buildings to make them more accessible for Members and staff. A new program on legislative documents was introduced and is now being offered in the House Learning Center. “Congress: An Introduction to Resources and Procedure” was held in the Dirksen building and based on high attendance, will be regularly offered in the Senate.28 CRS has offered the Federal Law Update series twice yearly for more than 20 years. Legislative attorneys and paralegal specialists have provided updates on important issues of policy directly related to the legislative business of the Congress, This year topics included “Supreme Court Review,” “A Legal Overview of Prescription Drug Importation and Internet Sales,” the “Class Action Faimess Act of 2003,” and “Immigration and Military Law in the War on Terrorism.” CRS conducted seminars for Members and staff on a wide range of public policy issues. Highlights of the year included public policy seminars such as “Environmental Issues in Highway and Transit Program Reauthorizing Legislation,” “The U.S. Economy in 2004: The Road to Recovery;” “ ‘Mad Cow’ Disease: Trade and Economic Dimensions;” “Military Base Closures: DOD’ Internal 2005 BRAC Selection Process;” “U.S.-ASEAN Relations: Issues and Prospects — A Dialogue with U.S. Ambassadors to Five Southeast Asian Countries;” and “Iraq: Transition and U.S. Policy.” CRS held 45 briefings on CRS services for new congressional staff and 135 briefings for congressional interns. ‘The briefings were given to 213 new professional staff and 3,560 interns, respectively. OUTREACH AND EVALUATION CRS undertook several activities to ensure that Members and staff were aware of the full range of CRS services. A simplified sign-up procedure was initiated which streamlined subscriptions to all CRS listservs available to the Congress. CRS participated in the April 2004 House Services Fair sponsored by First Call; nearly 250 congressional staff visited the CRS booth to speak with a CRS expert or information professional, CRS experts visited over 150 House and Senate offices to brief Members and staff about CRS services and how to quickly access them. All congressional offices were contacted and several ad-hoc phone briefings resulted. The briefings focused on CRS analytical services: memoranda, in-person briefings, and access to experts. Measuring service effectiveness is an ongoing activity throughout CRS operations, CRS staff receive constant feedback as a result of daily interactions with Members of Congress and their staff. CRS reports and research are cited regularly by Members in the Congressional Record and are included full-text in congressional documents. Instances when Members mention CRS research on the House and Senate floor are regularly tracked. Other feedback is captured by the CRS Inquiry Section; the comment and request feature on the CRS Website; the CRS Member Line (a telephone number for the exclusive use of Members); ongoing office visits to brief Members and staff about CRS services; and the telephone Comment Line for congressional staff. CRS has long used formal methods including surveys, focus groups, and interviews to obtain ‘feedback from clients. In the past year, the Service took steps to refine the methods used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. An evaluation plan was developed and an internal program evaluator was hited. The goal is to more precisely standardize the ongoing process to assure the continued development and modification of CRS products and services in an ever-dynamic legislative environment.29 LEGISLATIVE SUMMARIES, DIGESTS, AND COMPILATIONS Since 1935 (93" Congress) the Bill Digest Office of CRS has had statutory responsibility for preparation of objective, nonpartisan summaries of all public bills and resolutions and maintenance of historical legislative information. Detailed revised summaries are writen to reflect changes made in the course of the legislative process. CRS also prepares titles, bill relationships, subject indexing terms, and Congressional Record citations for debates and full texts of measures. During the past year Bill Digest has improved quality control and software tools related to bill analysis and tracking, OTHER SERVICES Multimedia Products and Services. CRS provides a variety of multimedia products and technical assistance in support of its service to the Congress. ‘These include producing video and/or audio copies of CRS institutes and seminars that congressional staff can request for viewing in tape format or at their desktops from the Web. The Web versions are broken out into subtopics so that the viewer can go directly to the portions that are of greatest interest to them. Working with the Library’s Office of Information Technology Services, CRS also provides live Webcasts of selected CRS seminars. In addition, CRS provides two hours of television programming each weekday for the House and Senate closed-circuit systems. Language Support. The Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division provides limited translation services for Members and committees. For translations pertaining to legislative business into or from other languages, the division can make arrangements to have the work completed by outside vendors.30 D. CRS ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE CRS has adopted an interdisciplinary and integrative approach as it responds to requests from the Congress. The Service seeks to define complex issues in clear and understandable ways, identify basic causes of the problems under consideration, and highlight available policy choices and potential effects of action, CRS is organized into the following divisions and offices to support the analysis, research, and information needs of the Congress, DIVISIONS American Law Division. The American Law Division provides the Congress with legal analysis and information on the range of legal questions that emerge from the congressional agenda. Division lawyers and paralegals work with federal, state, and international legal resources in support of the legislative, oversight, and representational needs of Members and committees of Congress. The division’s work involves the constitutional framework of separation of powers, congressional- executive relations and federalism; the legal aspects of congressional practices and procedures; and the myriad questions of administrative law, constitutional law, criminal law, civilrights, environmental aw, business and tax law, and international law that are implicated by the legislative process. In addition, the division prepares The Constitution of the United States of America — Analysis and Interpretation (popularly known as the Constitution Annotated). Domestic Social Policy Division. The Domestic Social Policy Division offers the Congress research and analysis in the broad area of domestic social policies and programs. Analysts use multiple disciplines in their research, including program and legislative expertise, quantitative methodologies, and economic analysis. Issue and legislative areas include education and training, health care and medicine, public health, social security, public and private pensions, welfare, nutrition, housing, immigration, civil rights, drug control, crime and criminal justice, border security and domestic intelligence, labor and occupational safety, unemployment and workers’ compensation, and issues related to the aging of the U.S. population, to children, persons with disabilities, the poor, veterans, and minorities. Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade. The Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division is organized into seven regional and functional sections. Analysts follow worldwide political, economic and security developments for the Congress, including U.S. relations with individual countries and transnational issues such as terrorism, narcotics, refugees, international health, global economic problems, and global institutions such as the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization. They also address U.S. foreign aid programs, strategies, and resource allocations; State Department budget and functions; intemational debt; public diplomacy; and legislation on foreign relations. Other work includes national security policy, military strategy, weapons systems, military compensation, the defense budget, and U.S. military bases. Trade-related legislation, policies, and programs and U.S. trade performance and investment flows are covered, as are trade negotiations and agreements, export promotion, import regulations, tariffs, and trade policy functions. Government and Finance Division. ‘The Government and Finance division is responsible for meeting the analytic and research needs of Congress on matters relating to government operations and oversight, intergovernmental relations, congressional organization and procedures, public finance, financial regulation, and macroeconomic policy. Issue areas related to goverment include the operations and history of Congress; the legislative process; the congressional budget and31 appropriations processes; federal executive and judicial branch organization and management; ‘government personnel; government information policy; statehood, territories and the District of Columbia; disaster assistance and homeland security; census and reapportionment; elections and political parties; lobbying; and constitutional amendments and history. Issue areas related to finance and economics include financial institutions and market structure; financial markets and securities regulation; insurance; consumer finance, including banking, credit reporting, and financial privacy; government-sponsored enterprises and housing finance; debt and taxation; economic development, international finance, including foreign exchange and financial flows; monetary and fiscal policy; and macroeconomic conditions and indicators, such as gross domestic product, price indexes, and saving, Information Research Division, The Information Research Division responds to requests for information research and reference assistance. The division serves the Congress by extending research techniques beyond the limitations of traditional library tools and drawing on automated files, the wide range of the Intemet, local and state governments, private organizations and institutions, as well as the resources of the Library of Congress. Responses are tailored and may include preparing written reports, selecting authoritative materials, creating electronic files, as well as Web pages designed to meet the needs of Congress for continuous access to information and research. ‘The staff in the congressional reading room and research centers provides telephone reference service and in- person consultation on resources and research strategies for congressional staff. ‘The Product Distribution Center provides document delivery service for CRS products. Resources, Science, and Industry Division. The Resources, Science, and Industry Division covers an array of legislative issues for the Congress involving natural resources and environmental ‘management, science and technology, and industry and infrastructure. Resources work includes policy analysis on public lands and other natural resources issues; environment; agriculture, food, and fisheries; and energy and minerals. Science coverage includes policy analysis on civilian and military research and development issues, information and telecommunications, space, earth sciences, and ‘general science and technology. Support on industry issues includes policy analysis on transportation and transportation infrastructure issues, industrial market structure and regulation, and sector-specific industry analysis. OFFICES Office of Finance and Administration, The Office of Finance and Administration maintains oversight of the Service’s planning, management controls, financial management, and administrative activities. This includes coordinating development of the Service’s strategic planning goals and annual program plans and conducting quarterly performance reviews. This office directs a full range of fiscal operations to achieve the Director’s program objectives, including development of long- range budgetary requirements and associated appropriations requests, budget execution, contracting, and fund-raising. The office also performs facilities management and asset control activities and co- chairs the Services Contract Review Board, conducts a business analysis ofall proposals for extemal research capacity, and makes recommendations to the Director. Office of Information Resources Management. The Office of Information Resources Management develops and maintains information services that support both the Congress and CRS staff, The office provides information support to CRS staff through its management of three Information Resource Centers, reference services, procurement of electronic and print resources, training in the use of electronic resources, and Intranet resource development.32 Office of Congressional Affairs and Counselor to the Director. The Office of Congressional Affairs and Counselor to the Director provides counse! to the Director and Deputy Director on matters of law and policy — planning, developing, and coordinating matters relating to intemal CRS policies, particularly as they affect the Service’s relationships with congressional clients and other legislative support agencies. The office provides final CRS review and clearance of all CRS products; ensures that the Service complies with applicable guidelines and directives contained in the Reorganization Act, in statements by appropriations and oversight committees, and in Library regulations and CRS policy statements. This office receives, assigns to the research divisions, and tracks congressional inquiries; works with the divisions to plan and carry out institutes, seminars, and briefings for Members, committees, and their staffs, and takes the lead in developing, strengthening, and implementing outreach to congressional offices; records, tracks, and reports data on congressional inquiries and CRS responses; and develops and refines systems designed to provide managers with statistical information needed to analyze subject coverage, client service, and the use of resources. The office also provides a co-chair of the External Research Review Board, which reviews contract proposals and makes recommendations to the Director, and provides the CRS representative to the Interagency Liaison Group of legislative support agencies, Office of Legislative Information. The Office of Legislative Information develops and ‘maintains information services that support both the Congress and CRS staff, including the CRS Website and the congressional Legislative Information System (LIS); provides summaries and status information forall bills introduced each Congress; builds and maintains the technology infrastructure of the Service as a whole; develops and applies new technologies to enhance CRS research capability and productivity; develops and implements information technology to enhance communication of CRS research to its clients; edits, produces, and distributes CRS products in both print and electronic format; and represents the Director in dealing with other organizations and agencies on issues regarding legislative information technology. The Office of Workforce Development. The Office of Workforce Development administers the Service’s human resources programs and activities to include the following: staffing, recruitment, position classification, diversity, upward mobility, performance management, mentoring, special recognition, and training and professional development. This office represents the Director on issues involving the Service’s status, role, activities, and interaction with other Library entities in relevant areas of human resources administration, management, and development, Overall the goal of the office is to enhance the Service’s ability to attract and retain the human resources talent it needs to respond to the dynamic research, analysis, and information needs of the Congress.33 E. CRS ORGANIZATIONAL CHART pu ‘eoua!og “seounosoy yoresay oReWO}U} quewusenog, apes, pur ‘esuajoq EY UD}O10-4 OHM) qwoudojeneg 010pHOM, 40 800 (wu) quawobeueyy seounosoy uuonewoyu} 10 ue eoueuls 40 2010 (ovo) soweug 24) 04 sojesun09, PU SUEY reuorsses5u0g 40 20m) @dIMeg YoJeesay jeuoisseibu0D34 F. LISTING OF ALL SENIOR LEVEL POSITIONS BY TITLE, GRADE LEVEL, BUDGET NUMBER AND INCUMBENT AT THE BEGINNING AND END OF FY2004 As of Asof October 1, 2003 September 30, 2004 Grade Incumbent Grade Incumbent Director, Congressional Statutory Daniel P. Mulhollan ‘Same Same Same Research Service Rate Deputy Director CRS sk Angola Maria G, Evans Same Same Same ‘Associate Director for SL. Kent M. Ronhowe Same Same Same Congressional Affairs and ‘Counselor to the Director and Senior Specialist in ‘American Public Law Associate Director Office of SL. Kothy A. Williams Same Same Same Finance and Administration and Senior Specialist in Scxial and Informatien Sciences Associate Director Office of SL. Same Same Same Information Resources ‘Management and Senior Specialist in Social and Information Sciences hier Legislative SL. Jeffrey C. Gift Same Same Same Information Officer Associate Dirvctor Office of SL. Bossio E.H. Alkisswani Same Same Same Workforce Development and Senior Specialist in Social and Information Sciences Assistant Director American SL. Richard C. Balke? ‘Same Some Same Law Division and Senior Specialist in American Public Law Assistant Dioctor Domestic SL. P. Royal Shipp Same Same Same Sozial Policy Division and Senior Specialist in Social Legislation Assistant Director Foreign SL. Charlot P. Preece ‘Same Same Same ‘Afars, Defense and Trade Division end Senior Specialist in International Policy ‘Assistant Director sk. Vacant? Same Same Robert J Dilger* Government aed Finance Division and Senice Specialist in American Nationalx Asof Asof Qetober 1, 2003, ‘September 30, 2004 Position Grade Incumbent Position Grade Incumbent Assistant Director SL. Lynne K. McCay? Same Same Same Information Research Division and Senior Specialist in Social and Information Sciences Assistant Director st. Jobn L. Moore Same Same Same Resourees, Science and odustry Division and. Senior Specialist in Environmental Policy Associate Director Office of SL Vacant Same Same Same Policy and Quality “Assurance snd Senice Specialist in Social and Information Sciences ‘Senior Specialist in sk Charies Doyle Same Same Same “American Public Law Senior Speciaist in SL Jobnay H. Killian Same Same Same ‘American Public Law Senior Specialist im Science SL Eric A. Fischer* Same Same Vacant and Teckinology Senior Specialist in Social SL William H. Robinson Same Sime Same Legislation Senior Specialist in sk. Vacant Same Same Same ‘Amezican National Government and Public Administration Senice Specialist in Post- SL Vacant Same Same Same Soviet Economics Senior Specialist in sk. Michsel L. Kempe! Same Same Same ‘American Nations] Goverment Senice Specialist in su. Inne G, Gravelle Same Same Same Economie Palicy Senioe Specialist in SL Louis Fisher Same Same Same ‘American National Government - Separation of Powers ‘Senior Specialist in SL Walter J. Oleszek Same Same Same ‘American National Government aud Public ‘Administration Senior Specialist in su. Qharies E, Hanrahan Same Same Same ‘Agricultural Policy Senior Specialist in sk. Clifford Tos Cohen, Same Same Same “Management StudiesOctober 1, 2003 Position Senior Specialist in Social Legislation Senior Spec Environmental Policy ‘Senior Specialist in Economie Policy (Transportation) Senior Specialist in ‘American Public Law (ternational) ‘Senior Specialist in ‘Taxation and Fiscal Policy ‘Senior Specialist in ‘American Public Law Senior Specialist in Social Legislation ‘Senior Specialist in ‘Beonomie Policy ‘Senior Specialist in National Defense Senior Specialist in Iemational Affairs - National Secarity Senior Specialist in International Relations Senior Specialist in “American Natioaal ‘Government and Public ‘Administration Senior Specialist in Economic Policy Senior Specialist in Science and Technology Senior Specialist in Science and Technology Policy ‘Coordinator Management Studies and Specialist ‘Coordinator of Review and Specialist in Social and Information Seiences Coordinator for Policy Implementation and ‘Specialist in American Public Law Asot Grade SL SL. SL. st. SL. SL su. SL. sk. st. sl. sk. SL. sk. sl. SL. su. SL. 36 Incumbent Vacant Vacant Vecent Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant ‘Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Vacant Roger 8. White Joan M. Davenport Douglas A. Warshot Same Same Same Same Same Same Seme Same Same Same same Same Same Same Asof September 30, 2004 Grade Same Same Same ‘Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same ‘Same Same Same ‘Same Incumbent Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same tic A. Fischer Same Same SamePosition Doputy Associate Director Office of Information Resources and Specialist in Sozil and Information ‘Sciences Deputy Assistant Director ‘American Law Division and Specialist in American Publie Law Deputy Assistant Director omestic and Social Policy Division and Spec Social Legislation Deputy Assistant Director ‘Government and Finance Division and Specialist in ‘American National Government Deputy Assistant Director Information Research Division and Specialist in Social and Taformation Sciences Deputy Astistant Director Resources, Science and Industry Division end Specialist in Environmental Policy Specialist in American Publie Law Specialist in American Public Law Section Head and Specialist in Social Legislation Section Head and Specialist in Bdveation Finance Specialist in Income Maintenance Specialist in Asian Affairs ‘Specialist i Tadustry ane Trade Specialist in American National Government Specialist in American [National Government As of Qetober 1, 2003 Grade sk. sk. SL. st. SL. SL sk. st. sk. sk. SL. SL. SL st. st. 37 Incumbent Martha Miller Dexter* Ellen M. Lazarus? Vacant” L. Nye Stevens Donna Scheeder John B, Blodgett Morton Rosenberg Paul S. Wallace Karen Spar Wayne C. Riddle Velma W. Burke Richard P. Cronin Dick K, Nanto Robert A. Keith Judith Schneider Asof. ‘September 30, 2004 Grade Incumbent Coordinator of Management Studies and Specialist Same Same Same Same Same Same Same ‘Same Section Head and Specialist in Industry and Trade Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Some Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Vacant Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Seme Same38 Asof Asof Qctober 1,2003 September 30, 2004 Position Grade Incumbent Position Grade Incumbent ‘Specialist in Eeonomic SL. Vacant Same Same Same Policy Section Head and Specialist. SL Clay H, Wellbora Same Same Same in American National Government Specialist in Beonomic sk. ‘Walter Eubanks Same Same Same Policy Specialist in Resouroes and SL Claudia Copeland Same Same Same Environmental Policy Specialist in Science and SL. Genevieve J. Knezo Same Same Same ‘Technology Policy Specialist in Environmental SL James E, McCarthy Same Same Same Policy Specialist in Aerospace and SL. Marcia 8. Smith Same Same Same Telecommunications American SL. Vacant Same Same Same Specialist in American SL Vacant Same Same Same Public Law Coordinator cf Division SL Vacant Same Same Same Research and Specialist in Sovial Legislation SL. Vacant Same Same Same Specialist in Income st. ‘Vacant Same Same Same Maintenance Specialist in Bdveation sk Vacant Same Same Same Finance Specialist in Immigration SL Vacant Seme Same Same Policy ‘Specialist in Social SL. Vacant Same Same Same Legislation Specialist in U.S. Foreign SL. Vacant Same Same Same Policy ‘Specialist in National sL Vacant Same Same Same Defense Coontinator of Division SL Vacant Same Same Same Research and Specialist in National Seeatity Specialist in American st. Vacant Same Same Same [National Government and Public Administration Specialist in Beonomie sL Vecent Same Same Same Policy39 Asof Asot Qetober 1, 2003 September 30, 2004 Position Grade Incumbent Pasition Grade Incumbent Specialist in Environmental SL. Vacant Same Same Same Policy Specialist in Information SL. Vacant Same Same Same ‘Technology Policy Specialist in Life Sciences SL. Vacant Deputy Associate Same Same Director Office of Information Resourves and Specialist in| Social and Information Sciences” Specialist in Earth Sciences SL. Vacant Same Same Same Assistant Chief, Feonomics SL. hier Same Arthur M. Division and Specialist ia ‘Technclogy Geaham* Economies Officor Doputy Assistant Director SL. Vecant * Same Same Same Foreign Affairs, Defense and Trade Division and Specialist in Foreign Affairs "Detailed to Office ofthe Director 10/08/03 nte 10/02/04. 2petailed to Assistant Director in Government are Finance Division 09/07/03 to0S/03V04. Ellen M. Lazarus detailed to Assistant Director American Law Division 09/07/03 to 0503/04 Richard C. Ehike detailed to this position 09/07/03 to 05/03104, ‘Appointed to this position 05/17/04. ‘Detailed to Office ofthe Director 10/05/03 nte 10/02/04. Donna Scheeder detailed to Assistant Director Information Research Division 10/05/03 to 0402/04 “ Reassigned to Resouroes, Science and Industry Division 04/04/04. * Reassigned to this position 04/04/04, "Detailed to Office of Legislative Information 10/05/03 t0 02/01/04, Reassigned to this office 02/22/04, Detailed to Assistant Director American Law Division 09/07/03 to 05/03/04. "Margot A. Schenet detailed to this pesition 04/28/03 to 04/21/04. Premeted to this position 05/02/04 to 08/29/04, Detailed to this postion 08/30/04 mie 12/27/04, "Detailed to Assistant Dizector Information Research Division 10(0Si03 to 0402/04, Reassigned to LC Law Library 04/03/04 Patricia C. Ayers promoted to this pesition 04/0404 to 08/02/04 and then detailed to this position 08/08/04 nte 1010204, Reassigned (this position 07/05/04, "James 8, Richardson detailed to this position 10/05/03 to 05/15/04. Promoted to this position 05/16/04 to 09/12/04 and then detailed to this position 9130/04 nte 10/30/04 Appointed to this position 05/16/04. "© William H, Cooper detailed to tis position 08/19/03 to 01/31/04. Francis ‘T. Miko promoted to this position 02/08V04 to (06/07/04, Edward F. Bruner prometed to this position 06/13/04 nte 10/11/04,40 G. LISTING OF ALL SPECIALIST AND SENIOR SPECIALIST PERSONNEL ACTIONS IN FY2004 Patricia C. Ayers temporarily promoted to Deputy Assistant Director Information Research Division 04/04/04 to 08/02/04 and then detailed to this position 08/08/04 nte 10/02/04, Edward F. Bruner temporarily promoted to Deputy Assistant Director Foreign Affairs, Defense and ‘Trade Division 06/13/04 nte 10/11/04, William H. Cooper detailed to Deputy Assistant Director Foreign Affairs, Defense and Trade Division 08/19/03 to 01/31/04, Richard C. Ehike detailed to Acting Assistant Director in Government and Finance Division 09/07/03 to 05/03/04, Martha Miller Dexter detailed to the Office of Legislative Information 10/05/03 to 02/01/04, Reassigned to this office 02/22/04. Robert J. Dilger appointed to Assistant Director Government and Finance Division 05/17/04. Eric A. Fischer reassigned to Resources, Science and Industry Division 04/04/04, Arthur M. Graham appointed to Chief Technology Officer in the Office of Legislative Information 05/16/04, Ellen M. Lazarus detailed to Acting Assistant Director American Law Division 09/07/03 to 05/03/04. Lynne K. McCay detailed to the Office of the Director 10/05/03 nte 10/02/04. Francis T. Miko temporarily promoted to Deputy Assistant Director Foreign Affairs, Defense and Trade Division 02/08/04 to 06/07/04. Dick K. Nanto reassigned to Section Head and Specialist in Industry and Trade 07/05/04, James §. Richardson detailed to Deputy Associate Director Office of Information Resources 10/05/03 to 05/15/04, temporarily promoted to this position 05/16/04 to 09/12/04 and then detailed to this position 09/30/04 nte 10/30/04. Donna Scheeder detailed to Assistant Director Information Research Division 10/05/03 to 04/02/04, Reassigned to Library of Congress Law Library 04/03/04, Margot A. Schenet detailed to Deputy Assistant Director Domestic and Social Policy Division 04/28/03 to 04/21/04, temporarily promoted to this position 05/02/04 to 08/29/04, and then detailed to this position 08/30/04 nte 12/27/04.4 Karen Spar detailed to Deputy Assistant Director Domestic and Social Policy Division 10/04/02 to 12/28/02. Stephanie Williams detailed to the Office of the Director 10/05/03 nte 10/02/04,42 H. LISTING OF ALL SENIOR LEVEL POSITION CHANGES IN FY2004. Asof October 1, 2003 Position Specialist in Life Sciences Specialist in Industry and Trade Grade SL SL Asof September 30, 2004 Position Grade Coordinator of Management Studies Same and Specialist Section Head and Specialist in Same Industry and Trade43 I. NEW CRS PRODUCTS IN FY2004 This appendix contains CRS written and multimedia products prepared for the Congress in FY2004, The products are arranged alphabetically by selected categories and may appear in more than one category. Congressional users can view the full text of products by visiting the CRS Web site ‘www.crs.gov). They can print or order products from the Web, obtain copies of the listed products by calling CRS at (202) 707-7132 and requesting items by the title and the product number (¢.g., RL31703, RS21471, 1B10124, or MM70050), or visit the Product Distribution Center in room 206 of the Madison Memorial Building, Library of Congress. “The appendix lists CRS products available for congressional distribution. It does not include the many CRS products prepared at the specific request of individual Members of Congress. These products are not disseminated further without the permission of the requesting office. Agriculture ‘The Aftican Cotton Initiative and WTO Agriculture Negotiations, by Chaves, Hanahan, TD sieves: ‘RS2I712, Agricultural Biotechnology: Overview and Selected Issues, by Barbara Johnson. 16p .. IB10131 Agricultural Trade in a U.S.-Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA), by Remy Jurenas ISP cee RL32110 Agriculture as a Source of Barge Demand on the Upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers: Background and Issues, by Randy Schnepf. BWP eee vesees RIS2OL ‘The Agsicalture Framework Agreement inthe Wro Doha Roun, by Caries. Hanmban, GD aa cesses RS21905 Agroterrorism: Threats and Preparedness, by Jim Monke. 45 p RL32521 Animal Rendering: Economics and Policy, by Geoffrey $. Becker. 6p .... ‘RS21771 Appropriations for FY2005: U.S. Department of Agriculture and Related Agencies, by Ralph M. Chite, Coordinator. 36 p..-.. RL32301 Asian Soybean Rust: Background and Issues, by Randy Schnepf. 13 p RL32225, Average Farm Subsidy Payments, by State, 2002, by Jasper Womach. 27 p RL32590 Below-Cost Timber Sales: An Overview, by Ross W. Gone. 11 p ~ RL32495 Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, or “Mad ‘Cow Disease”): Current and Proposed Safeguards, by Geoffrey S, Becker and Sarah ‘A. Lister. 22 p » RL32199 Comparing Quota Buyout Payments for Peanuts and Tobacco, by Jasper Womach. 6p .. RS21642 ‘The Conservation Security Program in the 2002 Farm Bill, by Barbara Johnson... RS21739 Cotton Production and Support in the United States, by Jasper Womach. 32 p RL32442, Farm Credit Services of America’s Deal to Leave the Farm Credit Spt by Jim Monk. EP vseesvees seseses RSM Farmers’ Markets: The USDA Role, by Geofirey S. Becker. 6) sseveeeeeeeeevee es RS2652 Funding Plant and Animal Health Emergencies: ‘Transfers from the Commodity Credit Corporation, by Jim Monke. 13 p . RI32504 Grains, Cotton, Oilseeds, and Peanuts: Payments ‘Under the 2002 Farm Bill, by Jim Mone. GP eeeseseseeees RS21779 Horse Slaughter Prevention Bills and Issues, by Geoffrey S. Becker. 5 p RS21842 Implementing the Conservation Security Program, by Barbara Johnson. 6 p RS21740 ‘Mad Cow Disease: Agricultural Issues for Congress, by Geoffrey 8. Becker. 14 p 1B10127 Mad Cow Disease and U.S. Beef Trade, by Geoffrey S. Becker and Charles E. Hanrahan, op RS21709 ‘The Private Testing of Mad Cow Disease: Legal Issues, by Barbara Johnson, 14p .. RL32414 Ranking Agricultural Commodities by Farm Payments and Federal Food Aid Purchases, by Jim Monke. 6 p RS21872 ‘Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs), Including “Mad Cow Disease”: Public Health‘and Scientific Issues, by Judith A. Johnson and Sarah A. Lister. 19 p + RL32269 Trends in U.S. Agricultural Export Credit Guarantee Programs and P.L, 480, Title I, FY1992- FY2002, by Carol Canada. 16 p ... RL32278 Appropriations Actosscthe-Board Spending Cuts in Omnibus Appropriations Acts, by Robert Alan Keith, Bt pies ceeeeeees RUS2IS3 Appropriations for FY2005: Commerce, Justice, State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies, by Ian F. Fergusson and Susan B. Epstein, SAD cesses ~ RL32309 Appropriations for FY 2005: Department of ‘Homeland Security, by Jennifer E. Lake and Dennis Snook. 21 p + RL32302 Appropriations for FY 2005: District of Columbia, by Eugene Boyt. 17 p » RL32313 Appropriations for FY2005: Energy and Water Development, by Carl Behrens. 42 p RL32307 Appropriations for FY 2005: Foreign Operations, ‘Export Financing, and Related Programs, by Larry Nowels. 72 p ~ RL32311 ‘Appropriations for FY 2005: Interior and Related Agencies, by Carol Hardy Vincent and Susan Boren. 65 p RL32306 Appropriations for FY2005: Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, by Paul M. Irwin. 41 p. eees+ RL32303 Appropriations for FY 2005: Lesi lative Branch, by Paul E. Dwyer. 20p ~ RL32312 Appropriations for FY2005: Military Construction, by Daniel H. Else. I7p .. RL32310 Appropriations for FY 2005: Transportation, ‘Treasury, Postal Service, Executive Oifice of the President, General Government, and Related Agencies, by David Randall Peterman and John Friuelli. 57 p = RL32308 Appropriations for FY2005: U.S. Department of Agriculture and Related Agencies, by Ralph M. Chite, Coordinator. 36 p RL32301 Appropriations for FY2005: VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies, by Richard Bourdon and Paul Graney. 27 p . - RL32304 Assistance Afier Hurricanes and Other Disasters FY2004 and FY 2005 Supplemental Appropriations, by Keith Alan Bea and Ralph McChite. 12 p RL32581 44 ‘Authorization and Appropriations for FY2005: Defense, by Stephen Daggst nd Amy Belasco.77p « +» RL32305 Border and Transportation Security: Appropriations {or FY2005, by Jennifer E. Lake and Blas Nutiez-New.34p ..... RL32566 District of Columbia Appropriations Act for FY2005: Comparison of General Provisions of PL, 108-199 and HAR, 4850, by Eugene P. Boyd. 17p . + RL32S10 Environmental Protection Agency: Appropriations for FY2005, by David M. Bearden and Rob Esworthy. 21 p RL32441 FY 2004 Appropriations for First Responder Preparedness: Fact Sheet, by Shawn P. Reese. 4p.. RS21650 Fy2005, Appropriations for First Responder Preparedness: Innes and Analysis, by Shawn P.Reese. 6p +. RS21736 K-12 Education Programs: Appropriations Summary, by Paul M. Irwin. 6p .. RS21947 NOAA: A Review of the FY2004 Budget Request and Final Appropriations, by Wayne A. Morrissey. 24p -e...eeee0+++++ RLSAI3 Omnibus Appropriations Acts: Overview of Recent Practices, by Robert Keith. 6p .... RS21679 Omnibus Appropriations Acts: Overview of Recent Practices, by Robert Alan Keith. 8p RL32473 Veterans’ Medical Care Appropriations and Funding. Proces, by Sith Virunga Paranal 2p. ‘ RL32548 Budget ‘The Budget fx Fiscal Yeas 2008, by Philip. ‘Winters. 20 p + RL32146 ‘The Budget for Fiscal Year 2005, 5, by Philip D. Winters and Todd B. Tatelman. 20 p RL32264 Congressional Budget Actions in 2004, by Bill Heniff, ir. 26 p RL32246 ‘The Department of Housing and Urban Development: FY2005 Budget, by Bruce E. Foote, Maggie McCarty, Eugene P. Boyd and E. Richard Bourdon. 23 p RL32443, ‘The Federal Budget Deficit: A Discussion of Recent ‘Trends, by Mare Labonte, Gregg A. Esenwein and Philip D. Winters. 6p ....... RS21786 Federal Budget Process Reform: A Brief Overview, by Robert Alan Keith and Bill Heniff, Jr. OP eee : RS21752FY 2004 Consolidated Appropriations Act: Reference Guide, by Robert Alan Keith. 6p .. RS21684 FY2005 Budget: Chronology and Web Guide, by Justin Murray. 15 > RL32300 FY2005 Budget Documents: Internet Access and GPO Availability, by Justin Murray. Sp. ++ RS21759 ‘The Magnitude of Changes That Would Be Required to Balance the FY2005 Budget, by Mare Labonte. 6 p ceeee RS21939 ‘The Mid-Session Review of the President’s Budget: ‘Timing Issues, by Rober Alan Kei OP cere ~ RI32509 ‘The Option of Freezing Non-defense Discretionary ‘Spending to Reduce the Budget Deficit, by Gregg A. Esenwein and Philip D. Winters. 4p RS21756 ‘Tax Expenditures Compared with Outlays by Budget se Pe Se, hy Mot AH 2p. ‘RS21710 Commemoration Redesign of US. Coin or Currency to Cammemorate President Ronald W. Reagan, by Pauline Hardy Smale. 4p + RS21907 Defense Adequacy of the Army's FY2004 Funding fer Operations in rag, by Amy Bela, area ~ RL32381 ‘The Administration's FY2005 Request for $25 Billion for Operations in Iraq and ‘Afghanistan: Precedents, Options, and Congressional Action, by Stephen Daggett and Amy Belasco. 39 p RL32422 Administrative Separations for Misconduct: ‘An Alternative or Companion to Military Court-Martial by Esta |. Veler Palak, 6p RS21849 Airborne Laser (ABL): Issues For Congress, by Christopher Bolkcom and Steven A. Hildreth, 2p RL32123, Air Force FB-22 Bomber Concept, by Christopher Bolkcom. 7 p RS21848 Appropriations for FY2005: Military Construction, by Daniel H. Else. 17 p - RL32310 Authorization and Appropriations for FY2008: Deter, by Stephen Dagget and Amy Belasco. 77 p : RL32305, 45 Biological and Chemical Weapons: Criminal 1 ee John Garcia. 9 p - RL32220 “Bunker Busters”: Sources of Confusion in the Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator Debate, by Jonathan E. Medalia. 11 p ....... RU32599 ‘Chemical Weapons Convention: Issues for Congress, by Steve Bowman. 17 p .... RL32158 ‘Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction: Establishment and Composition, by Stephanie Smith. 6p ......... RS21758 Comparisons of U.S. and Foreign Military Spending: Data from Selected Pubic Sources, by lelfey Chamberlin. 2 p "R132309 Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1996-2003, by Richard F. Grimmett. 95D 7 RL32547 The Cost of Operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Enhanced Security, by Amy Belson 6p... RS21644 Cruise Missile Defense, by Christopher Bolkcom and. Ravi R. Hichkad. 6 p ~~ RS21921 Defense Cleanup and Environmental Programs: Authorization and Appropriations for FY2004, by David M. Bearden. 26 p RL32183 Defense Cleanup and Environmental Programs: ‘Authorization and Appropriations for FY2005, by David M Bearden. 21 p RL32537 Defense Transformation: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress, by Ronald O'Rourke. Ape. : - RL32238 Disarming Libya: Weapons of Mass Destruction, by Andrew Feickert and Sharon Squassoni 6p. + RS21823, DOD Transformation Initiatives and the Military Personnel System: Proceedings of a CRS Seminar, by Lawrence Kapp. 33 p . RL3251 Expanding Threat Reduction and Nonproliferation Programs: Concepts and Definitions, by ‘Amy F. Woolf. 6 p RS21840 Funding For Military and Peacekeeping Operations: Recent History and Precdeis by Jfrey Chamberlin. 8p ......0..10+-+ RES2M41 FY2005 Defense Budget. Online Video. Video ‘Tape, by Robert L. Goldich and Ronald O'Rourke. MM70060 FY2005 Defense Budget: Frequently Asked Questions, by Jeflrey Chamberlin, SID oye vs sswe on RL32468Generals and Flag Officers: Senior Military Officer Confirmations, by Adolfo J. Fernandez - RS2I714 Globalizing Cooperative Threat Reduction: ‘Survey of Options, by Sharon Squstni Bp ceeees RLB2359 Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2003, by Richard F. Grimmett. 37p ~ RL32170 Intelligence Community Reorgan Potential Effects on DOD Intelligence Agencies, by Richard A. Best, Jr. 14p .......- RE32515 “ormer Regime Weapons Programs, Human Rights Violations, and U.S. Policy, by Kenneth B. Katzman. 20 p ~ RL32379 Iraq: Contrasting by Valerie Bley Gras 20p . vo - RL32229 Lawfulness of eterogation ‘Techniques under the Sot eon Ses: es 36p RL32567 Military Base Closures: DOD's 2008 Internal Selection Process, by David E. Lockwood and Daniel H. Else. 6p ~-RS21822 Military Base Closures: DOD's Internal 2005 BRAC Selection Process. Online Video. Video ‘Tape, by Daniel H. Else and David E. Lockwood | MM70068 Military Base Closures: Implementing the 2005 Round, ty David, Lodewood 13p RL32216 Military Courts-Martial: An Overview, by Estela 1. Velez Pollack. 6 p 1RS21850 Military Family Tax Relief Act of 2003, by Erika Lunder. 4p. RS21683 Military Forces: What is the Appropriate Size for the United Stee, by Bard F. Brune 6p.. - RS21754 Military Helicopter Modernization: Background and Issues for Congress, by Christian, FM Lilesand Christopher Bolkcom, SU pss sc Military Pay: Controversy Over Hostile Fire/Imminent Danger Pay and Family Separation Allowance Rates, by Lawrence Kapp. 6 p ~ RS21632 Military Role in Space Control: A Primer, by Adolfo J. Fernandez, 21 p ....... RL32602 Military Tribunals: Historical Patterns and Lessons, by Louis Fisher. 67 p RL32458 RL32447 Missile Proliferation and the Strategic Balance in South Asia, by Andrew Feickert and K. Alan Kronstadt. 34 p sees RESIS Navy Attack Submarine Force-Level Goal and Procurement Rate: Background and Issues for Congres, by Ronald ;O"Rourke. 54p cevsess RLSZAIB Navy DDOO ard LCS Ship Acquistion Poprams: Oversight Issues and Options for Congress, by Ronald O'Rourke. 105 p ...... RL32109 Navy Ship Acquisition in the F¥2005 Budget: ‘Oversight Issues for Congress, by Ronald O'Rourke. 56 p cee RI32382 Navy-Marine Corps Amphibious and Maritime Prepositioning Ship Programs: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress, by Ronald O'Rourke. 27D eeseeeeeeeesees RISISI3 Network Centric Warfare: Background and Oversigt asus for Congress, by Clay Wilson 35p. RL32411 Nenicaeyledinise Weaens, by Any Wiel 26D niines RL32572, ‘Nuclear Weapon Initiatives: Low-Yield R&D, ‘Advanced Concepts, Earth Penetrators, ‘ean Been, by imate Metal, 74p . sees RES2130 Nuclear Weapons in Ras Sat, Scary, tnd Conta sss, by Amy F. Welt 12D ous +» RL32202 Policing in Peacekeeping and Related Stability Operations: Problems and Proposed Solutions, by Nina Serafino. 54 p - RL32321 Post-Combat Capabilities: Possible Lessons for ira, Cnine Video, Video Tape, by Nina Serafino . /MM70074 Potential Military Use of Aichips and Aerosiats, by Christopher Bolkcom. 6p ....... RS21886 Proliferation Seeuity Ininive (SD, by Sharon ‘Squassoni..6 p - ~ RS21881 Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator Budget Request and Plan, FY2005-FY2009, by Jonathan E. Medalia. 6p ....- ~ RS21762 Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator Budget Request and. Plan, FY2005-FY 2009, by Jonathan E. Medalia. 13 p - RL32347 ‘The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (P.L. 108-189), by Estela I. Velez Pollack. 26 p + RL32360 UN. Convention Against Torture (CAT): Overview sand Application to Interrogation Techniques, by Michael John Garcia. 15 p .... RL32438US. Arms Sales: Agreements with and Deliveries to Major Clits, 1995-200, by Richard F Grimmett. 7p RL32156 US. Army's Modular Redesign: Issues for Congress, by Andrew Feickert. 28 p ~ RL32476 ‘US-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress, by Shirley A. Kan. 55 p RL32496 US. Intelligence and Policymaking: The Iraq Expeienon by Richard A. Best 6p.. RS21696 US. Treatment of Prisoners in Iraq: Selected Legal Issues, by Jennifer Elsea. 18 p .... RL32395 ‘Veterans’ Medical Care Appropriations and Funding Process, by Sidath Viranga Panangala. 24p. e+» RLS2548 ‘War Casualty Lists and Statistics: Historical Overview, by Glenda Richardson. 2p. - RL32492 ‘The War Powers Resolution: After Thirty Years, by Richard F. Grimmett. 82 p ~ RL32267 ‘Weapons of Mass Destruction Counterproliferation: Legal Issues for Ships and Aircraft, by Jennifer Elsea. 36 p ‘RL32097 Economy 9/11 Tereorism: Global Economic Costs, by Dick K. Nanto. 6 p RS21937 ‘The American Economy in 2004: Challenges to Prosperity. Online Video. Video Tape, by Mare Labonte 3 - MM70070 ‘The American Economy in 2004: Road to Recovery? Online Video. Video Tape, by Marc Labonte ceeteseees MMT0061 Can Public Policy Raise the Saving Rate?, by Brian. W.Cashell.9p - RL32119 ‘The Chained Consumer Price Index: How Is It Different?, by Brian W. Cashell. op RL32293 ‘A Changing Natural Rate of Unemployment: Policy Issues, by Mare Labonte. 15p .... RL32274 ‘China's Exchange Rate Peg: Economic Issues and ‘Options for U.S. Trade Policy, by Wayne M. Morrison and Marc Labonte. 33 p . RL32165 ‘Deindustrialization of the U.S. Economy: The Roles of Trade, Productivity, and Recession, by Craig K, Elwell. 30 p RL32350 Distributional Effects of Taxes on Corporate Prolits, Investment Income, and Estates, by Jane G. Gravelle, 21 p RL32517, 41 Economic Development Options and Constraints in Remote Rural Counties: A Case Study of the Great Pens Reon by Tadlock Conan, ap RL32372 ‘The Economic Impact of Cyber-Attacks, by William 'D. Jackson, Mark Jickling and Brian W. Cashell. 1p. cee. RIS2331 Evaluating the Current Stance of Monetary Poticy Using 2 Taylor Rue by Maze Labonte, 6p. coves R282 ‘The Federal Budget Deficit: A Discusion of Recent ‘Trends, by Marc Labonte, Gregg A. Esenwein and Philip D. Winters. 6p ....... RS21786 Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: An Economic Analysis by James K Jeelson, 6p. ~ RS21887 Forcign Investment in U.S. Securities, by James K. “Jackson. 19 p « ~ RL32462 Foreign Outsourcing: Economic Implications and Policy Responses, by Craig K. Elwell 24p : RL32484 Sep Gama Pl sons ts Mie Labonte. 17 p RL32194 Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act: Provisions Expiring in 2004, by Gregg A. Esenwein. Sp. RS21708 ‘The Magnitude of Changes That Would Be Required toBalance the FY20 Budget, by Mare Labonte.6p ..-- ‘RS21939 Manufacturing and Information Technology Trends in the United States and Other Industrial Countries: A Review of Major Studies, by Stephen Cooney. 11 p....-.--.. RE32457 Manufacturing Output, Productivity and Employment: Implications for U.S. Policy, by Stephen Cooney, Maria Angele Villarreal, Robert L. Pirog and Bernard Gelb. orp. - RL32179 ofibering (2 (aka. Offshore Outsourcing) and Job Insect Among US. Workers by Linda Levine. 20p RL32292 ‘Outsourcing and Insourcing Jobs in the U.S. Economy: An Overview of Evidence Based on Foreign Investment Data, by James K. Jackson. 6p RS21883, Outsourcing and Insourcing Jobs in the US. Economy: Evidence Based on Foreign Investment Data, by Janes KE Jakaon 38 : + RLS2461 Produtvy and Wapes » Brian W. Cashel Mp 5 RL32563Productivity: Will the Faster Growth Rate CContinue?, by Brian W. Cashel. I8p.. - RL32456 Proposed Savings Accounts: Economic and Budgetary Effects, by Jane G. Gravelle and ‘Maxim Shvedov. 2p . . RL32228 ‘The Quality of New Jobs From the 1990s Through June 2004, by Marc Labonte and Linda Levine. 21 p sees REB2576 ‘Self-Employment as a Contributor to Job Growth, ‘and as an Alternative Work Arrangement, by Linda Levine. 17 p - RL32387 ‘Taxes and Offshore Outsourcing, by David L. Brumbaugh. 16D... - RL32587 ‘Unemployment Compensation (UCYUnemployment Insurance (UD: Trends and Contributing Factors in UC Benefit Exhaustion, by Julie Whittaker. 11 p coven RESQUL ‘What Effects Have the Recent Tax Cuts Had gn the Boao? by Mare Labonte, 30p. = RL32502 Education 21st Century Community Learning Centers: Evaluation and Implementation Issues, by Gail ‘McCallion. 11 p ‘ RL32174 ‘Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP): Implementation of the No Child Left Behind Act, by Wayne C. Riddle. 28 p -. cecees RUS2A9S, ‘Adult Education and Literacy: Reauthorization Proposls ofthe 108th Congres, by Pal M, Tnwin. 23 ps eeeceeeeseeesee» RUS2365 Appropriations for FY2005: Labor, Health and Homan Services, and Education, by Paul M. Irwin. 41 p vevecess RL32303 ‘The Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied ‘Technology Education Act: Possible Changes to Sate Allocaien Formals, by Richard N, Apling. 3p .. RL32584 College Costs and Prices: Background and Issues for Reauthorization of the Higher Education Act, by Rebecca Skinner. 40 p ........ RL32100 Concurrent Enrollment Programs, by Charmaine Jackson. 6 p RS21898 Diploma Mis A Legal Overview, by Jody Feet 1p : RL32144 Distance Education and Title IV of the Higher Education Act: Policy, Practice, and Reauthorization, by David P. Smole and Rebecca Skinner. 22p .....++++ RL32490 48 Early Intervention in Reading: An Overview of Research and Policy Issues, by Gail McCallion. 20 p RL32145 Education Tax Benefits: Are They Permanent or ‘Temporary?, by Linda Levine. 6 p . RS21870 Federal Funding of Programs for Minority-Serving Institutions of Higher Education, by Charmaine Jackson. 16 p .......« RL32396 Federal Pell Grants for Prisoners, by Charmaine Jackson. 3D seeseeee ~ RS21785 Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary ‘Education: Background and Funding, by Bonnie Mangan.5p . RS21653 Hazing in the Schools: A Legal Analysis, by Jody Feder and Amy Bilyeau. 9 p RL32285 Higher Education Tax Credits: An Economic “Analysis, by Pamela Jackson. 26 p . RL32507 ‘The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, (IDEA): Attomeys" Fees Provisions in Current Law and in H.R. 1350 as Passed by the House gad Senate, 108th Congress, by Nany L Jones. 6p - RS21690 ‘The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Comparison and Analysis of Selected Provisions in H.R. 1350 as Passed by the House and by the Senate, 108th Congress, by Richard N.Apling and Nany fonts, 34D = - RL32415 Institutional Eligibility and the Higher Education ‘Act: Legislative History of the 90/10 Rule and lis Current Status, by Rebecca Skinner, OD cok ve vases vi tioeees RL32182, K-12 Education Programs: Appropriations ‘Summary, by Paul M. Irwin. 6p .. RS21947 ‘Monitoring Foreign Students in the United ‘States: The Student and Exchange Visitor Jnfaration Sytem (SEVIS), by Alison Siskin. 7p. : RI32188 ‘The Office of Federal Student Aid: The Federal Government's First Performance-Based Organization, by Charmaine ackon, 10p. : An Overview of Tax Benefits for Higher tucaon Expenses, by Pamela Jackson Bp it » RI32554 ‘Student Eligibility: Drug Convictions and Federal Financial Aid, by Laura L. Monagle and Charmaine Jackson. 6 p ~ RS21824 ‘Student Loan Cohort Default Rates: Exemptions for Certain Minority Serving Institutions, by ‘Charmaine Jackson. 5 p = RS21760 « RL32098‘Student Loan Forgiveness Programs, by Gail McCallion. 13 p .-...e.esuev++ RL32516 ‘The Tax Deduction for Classroom Expenses of Elementary and Secondary School Teachers, byLinda Levine. 6p «+. RS21682 ‘Tax-Favored Higher Education Savings Benefits and ‘Their Relationship to Traditional Federal ‘Student Aid, by James B. Stedman and Linda Levine. 25 p RL32155 Title VI Health Professions Education and ‘Training: Issues in Reauthorization, by Sharon Kearney Coleman, Bernice S. ay nea Se A a, 34p RL32546 Energy Alternative Fuels and Advanced Technology Vehicles: Issues in Congress, by Brent D. Yacobueci. 12p . cress IBIOL28. Appropriations for FY2005: Energy and ‘Water Development, by Carl Behrens. 2p cere: RL32307 ‘The Black Lung Excise Tax on Coal, by Salvatore Lazzati. 6p « RS21935 Consolidated Edison: Facts and Figures, by Paul JaNOV. 6D ves eeee RS21694 Energy Savings Performance Contracts: ‘Reauthorization Issues, by Anthony Andrews. 9p. RL32543 Ethanol Imports and the Caribbean Basin Intistive, by Brent D. Yacobucci. 6p ...... RS21930 Expired and Expiring Energy Tax Incentives, by Salvatore Lazzari.12p . « RL32265 Federal Merger Review Authorities and Electric Utility Restructuring, by Michael V. Seitzinger, Janice E. Rubin and Aaron Flynn, up. RL32133, Foreign Trade Effects of an Alaskan Natural Gas, Pipeline, by Robert L. Pirog. 5p .. RS21787 Gasoline Prives: Policies and Proposals, by Carol A. Glover and Cari E. Behrens.9p .. IBLOI34 Gasoline Price Surge Revisited: Crude Oil and Refinery Issues, by Robert L. Bamberger and Lawrence C. Kumins. 12 p » RL32343 Gasoline Supply: The Role of Imports, by Lawrence C.Kumins. 12p sees RL32583 ‘A Hydrogen Economy and Fuel Cells: An Overview, by Brent D. Yacobueci and Aimee B. Curtright. 9p... + RL32196 49 Legal Analysis and Background on the EPA’s Proposed Rules for Regulating Mercury Emissions from Electric Utilities, by Michael John Garcia. 16 p ~ RL32203 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Import Terminals Siting, Safety and Regulation, by Paul W. Parfomak and Aaron Flynn. 27p ceeeees RIS2208 ‘Natural Gas (LNG) in US. Energy Policy: ses and Implications, by Pel W. Fafomak 2p - RL32386 Natural Gas (LNG): Jurisdiction Conflicts, ‘ning Approval, ty Aaron M. Fly, Isp. + RL32575 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Markets in Transition: Implications for U.S. Supply and Price, by Robert L. Pirog. 12p RL32445 North Slope Infrastructure and the ANWR Debate, byM. Lynne Corn. 17p .....--+ RL32108 il and Gas Exploration and Development on Public Lands, by Mare Humphries. 23 p . .. RL32315 (Omnitus Energy Legislation: Comparison of Non- ‘Tax Provisions in the HLR. 6 Conference Report and S. 2095, by Jane G. Gravelle and Mark E. Holt. 90 p cesses RUS2204 Petroleum Refining: Economic Performance and Challenges for the Future, by Robert L. Pirog. QAP vevene cian nso RL32248, Radioactive Waste Streams: An Overview of Waste Classification for Disposal, by Anthony Andrews. 11 p vo RUS2163 Rising Energy Competition and Energy Security in Northeast Asia: Issues for U.S. Policy, by Emma Chanlett-Avery. 22 ..... RL32466 ‘Selected Environmental Provisions in the Energy Bill LR. 6. 2085), by Brent D, Yacobuen 6p. RS21673 Selected Legal and Policy Issues Related to Coalbed Methane Develop, by Aan M. yn 4p - RL32262 ‘The Strategic Petroleum Reserve: Possible Effects ‘on Gasoline Prices of Selected Fill Policies, by Rotert L. Pirog and Robert L, Bamberger. Spe. ae ~ RL32358 ‘Summary of Electricity Provisions in the Conference Report on H.R. 6, by Amy Abel. Sap ar aseate + RL32178 ‘World Oil Demand and the Effect on Oil Prices, by Robert L. Pirog. 20 «+--+... RL32530Environment/Natural Resources Abandoned Mine Land Fund Reauthorization: Selected Tsues, by Rober L. Bamberger 13p cesses RIS2373 Air Pollution Emission Control: Existing ‘Technologies and Mercury Cobenefits, by Dana A. Shea. 6 p ~ RS21936 Air Quality: EPA’s Proposed Interstate Air Quality Rule, by John B. Blodget and Lamy B. Pak, alp. ~ RL32273 Alternative Fuels and Advanced Technology ‘Vehicles: Issues in Congress, by Brent D. Yacobueci. 12p .. + 1B10128 Appropriations for FY2005: Interior and Related avai Carl Hani Vine on Sa Boren. 65p .... + RL32306 Arsenic-Treated Wood: Background and Overview, by Michael M. Simpson. 7p ..... RL32412 Ballast Water Management to Combat Invasive Speces, by Eugene H Buck. 6p. Ballast Water Management to Combat Invasive Species, by Eugene H. Buck. UP vee ~ RL32344 Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Wilderness Review Issues, by Ross W. Gorte and Pamela Baldwin. 6 p = RS21917 Climate Change: Federal Research and Technology and Related Programs, by Michael M. Simpson. 24) .....-.+ ~ RL32147 Climate Change: Summary and Analysis of the ‘Climate Stewardship Act” (S. 139/S.Amdt. 2028, and H.R. 4067), by Larry B. Parker and John E. Blodget. 6p .. vee RS21637 Cruise Ship Pollution: Background, Laws and ‘Regulations, and Current Issues, by Claudia Copeland. 2p. - RL32450 Defense Cleanup and Environmental Programs: ‘Authorization and Appropriations for FY 2004, by David M. Bearden. 26 p = RL32183 Defense Cleanup and Environmental Programs: ‘Authorization and Appropriations for FY2005, byDavid M Bearden. 21 p ....... RL32537 Environmental Protection Agency: Appropriations for FY2005, by David M. Bearden and Rob Esworthy. 21 p RL32441 Environmental Provisions in Surface Transportation, Reauthorization Legislation: SAFETEA (S. 1072) and TEA-LU (H.R. 3550), by Linda G. Luther. 16 p... ss RL32454 RS21646 50 EPA's Proposed Policy on Wastewater Blending: Background and Tres, by Claudia Copeland, sip tsa ~ RL32384 Ethanol Imports and the Caribbean Basin Initiative, by Brent D. Yacobucci. 6p ...... RS21930 Federal Land Management Agencies: Background on Land and Resources Management, by Carol Hardy Vincent. 75 p .. RL32393 Global Environment Facility (GEP): Overview, by Susan R. Fletcher. 2p .......... RS218S8 Grazing Regulations and Policies: Changes by the Beat of Land Management, by Carol Hardy Vincent. 10 p fesse. RIS2244 Grazing regulations and policies: consideration of changes by the Bureau of Land Management, by Carol Hardy Vincent. 6p RS21634 Harbors and Inland Waterways: An Overview of Federal Financing, by Nicole T. Carter and Jody Feder. 6 p ceeeecrses RES292 Heritage Areas: Background, Proposals, and Current Issues, by Carol Hardy Vincent and David Whiteman. 16 p .... 1B10126 Highway Rights of Way on Public Lands: RS. 2477 and Disclaimers of Interest, by Pamela Baldwin. 63 p ~ RL32142 ‘A Hydrogen Economy and Fuel Cells: An Overview, ‘by Brent D. Yacobueci and Aimee E. Curtright. 9 p seseess RIS296 Implementation of EPA's 8-Hour Ozone Standard, by James E. McCarthy. 1p ..... RL32345 International Agreements on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): Background and Issues for Congress, by Linde-Jo Schieron lop. Inersate Shipment of Manipal Sota Waste: 2004 Update, by James E, McCarthy. ~ RL32150 WD eseeeceeeeseseee RL32S70 ‘The Iraq Marshes: Restoration Activities, by Kyna Powers. 8 p RL32433 Law of the Sea Convention: The International ‘Seabed Authority and Other Convention Bodies: Current Status and USS. Participation ‘Therein, by Marjorie Ann Browne. 6p ac RS21894 Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention: Summary of Federal Mandates and Financial Assistance for Reducing Hazards in Housing, by Linda-lo Schierow. 5 p - RS21688 Lead in Drinking Water: Washington, DC Issues and Broader Regulatory Implications, by ‘Mary E, Tiemann. 6p ....-+... RS2183L‘Legal Analysis and Background on the EPA's Proposed Rules for Regulating Mercury Emissions from Electric Usilties, by Michael John Garcia. 16 p 4 RL32203 Marine Protected Areas: An Overview, by Jeffrey A. Zinn and Eugene H. Buck. 32p ... RI321S4 Marine Protected Areas: Federal Legal Authority, by Maxim Shvedov. 30 p ~ RLS2486 Mercury in the Environment: Sources and! Health Risks, by Linda-To Schierow. 26 p . RIL32420 North Slope Infrastructure and the ANWR Debate, byM. Lynne Com. 17 p ~ RL32108 ‘Ooean Commissions: Ocean Policy Review and Outlook, by Jeffrey A. Zinn, Eugene H. Buck, John Raymond Justus and Wayne A. Morrisey. 16p 1810132 il and Gas Exploration and Development on Public Lands, by Mare Humphries. 23 p .. RL32315 Open Ocean Aquaculture, by Eugene H. Buck and Rachel Borgatt. 6 p ~ RS21914 Paleontological Resources Preservation Act: Proposal for the Management and Protection cf Fossil Resources Located on Federal Lands, by Douglas Reid Weimer. 12... RL32586 Particulate Matter (PM2.5): National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) Implementation, by Robert Esworthy. 14)... .+++ RIS2431 Pesticide Registration and Tolerance Fees: Overview, by Robert Exworthy 7p. RL32218 Phosphorus Mitigation in the Everglades, by Barbara Johnson and Pervare A. Sheikh ... RI32131 Proposed Authorization of Upper Mississippi River- Illinois Waterway Investments, by Nicole Carter and Kyna Powers. 20p'.... RL32574 Public Participation in the Management of Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management Lands: Overview and Recent Changes, by Pamela Baldwin. 39p ......-.. RL32436 Radioactive Waste Streams: An Overview of Waste Classification for Disposal, by Anthony Andrews. 11 p RL32163 Recreational Fee Demonstration Program: Retaining the Progra, by Carel Harty Vince Speers cecseses RS21861 ‘The Safe-Harbor Provision for Methyl Teniary Ses Ea eee 6p ‘ RS21676 Saltonstall-Kennedy Fishery Funding, by Eugene H Buck. 6p... RS21799 51 Selected Environmental Provisions in the Energy BELAER 8B, RAEN. Tae 6p. ~ RS21673 Selected Legal and Policy Issues Related to Coalbed Methane Development, by Aton M. yn 1p sees RE32262 Side-By-Side Comparison of Repetitive Flood Insurance Claims Legislation: LR. 253 and S. 2238, by Rawle King. 6p ..... RL32423 ‘The Supreme Court Accepts Six Environmental ‘Cases In 2003-2004 Term, by Robert Meltz. 6p... ~ RS21669 ‘The Supreme Court Revisits the Environment: Seven Cases Decided or Accepted in the 2003-2004 ‘Term, by Robert Meltz. 10 p RL32569 Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the Water Infrastructure Sector, by Betsy A. Cody and Claudia Copeland. 11 p ...-...-. RI32189 ‘Transportation Conformity Under the Clean Air Act: In Need of Reform? by James E. McCarthy. 3p 3 ~ RL32106 UN. Convention on the Law of the Sea: Living Resources Provisions, by Eugene H. Buck. Tp taeeesit - RL32185 ‘The UN. Law of the Sea Convention and the United ‘States: Developments Since October 2003, by ‘Marjorie Ann Browne. 6 p RS21890 Upper Mississippi River - Ilinois Waterway Navigation Expansion: An Agricultural ‘Transportation and Environmental eee SE pico its - RL32470 ‘Vieques and Culebra Islands: An Analysis of Environmental Cleanup Issues, by David M. Bearden and Linda G. Luther. 23 p RL32533 Visibility, Regional Haze, and the Clean Air Act Status of Implementation, by John E. Blodgett and Lamry B. Parker. 13 p RL32483 ‘Water Infrastructure Financing Legislation: ‘Comparison of S. 2550 and HR. 1560, by Guta Copland and Mary E, Temann 3lp RL32503 ‘Water Infrastructure Project Earmarks in EPA. Appropriations: Trends and Policy Implications, by Claudia Copeland. ip. - RL32201 Weer Resources Development Act (WRDA) and Other Army Corps of Engineers Legislation, by Nicole T. Carer. 16 p 1810133 Wildfire Protection in the Wildland-Urban Interface, by Ross W. Gorte. 6 p RS21880Financial Sector Alfiliates in Banking, Finance, and Commerce: Development and Regulatory Background, by William D. Jackson. 6 p + RS21680 ‘Bank and Thrift Deposit Insurance Premiums: The Record from 1934 to 2008, by Barbara L. Miles and William D. Jackson. 6p RS21719 ‘The Contition of the Banking Industry, by Walter Eubanks. 9D veseeseees RL32542 Consolidation Loans: Redesign Options and Considerations, by Adam Stl lap + RL32424 Convergence in Financial Services: The Insurance ‘Marker, by Carolyn Cobb. 6p... RS21807 ‘The Department of the Treasury's Authority to Regulate GSE Debt: A Legal Analysis, by Nathan Brooks. 6p - RS21896 Fair Credit Reporting Act: A Side-By-Side Comparison of House, Senate and Conference Versions, by Angie Welborn and Loreta Nott. 3p. cesses REB2I2 Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac: An Overview, ‘by Nathan Brooks and Barbara Miles. op. seeee RS2I7A8 Financiall Services Indusey /Ousouring and Enforcement of Privacy Laws, by Angie Welborn and M. Maureen Murphy. OD esses = RS21809 Foreign Investment in U.S. Securities, by James K. Jackson. 19 p RL32462 Government-Sponsored Enterprises: An Institutional ‘Overview, by Ronald C. Moe and Kevin R. Kosar. 6p vevee RS21663 GSE Regulatory Reform: Frequently Asked Questions, by Barbara L. Miles and Loretta Nott. 5p. ~ RS21724 Implementation ofthe Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions (FACT) Act of 2003, by Angie Welborn. 8 p - RL32535 Armas Garant Fond, yy Caryn Cobb. 10p RL32175 Insurance Regulation After the Gramm-Leach- ‘ay, by Carolyn Cobb. 6 p « RS21897 Insurance Regulation: by Carolyn Cobb. 6 p . Modernizing Insurance Regulation: An Overview, by Carolyn Cobo. 6p. « RS21838 Mutual Fund 12b-1 Fees: Key Reform Proposals, by Gary W. Shorter. 12p RL32556 52 Mutual Fund Reform Bills: A Side-by-Side Comparison, by Mark licking. 20p ‘The New York Stock Exchange: Governance and Macks Reform, by Mark licking and Geaey S. Becker. 6p. sess RS2649 Payday Loans: Federal Regulatory Initiatives, by Pauline Hardy Smale. 6 p RS21728 Preemption of State Law for National Banks and ‘Their Subsidiaries by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, by M. Maureen Murphy. 29 p ceeeeees REBT Regulation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Under the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act: A Legal Analysis, by Nathan Brooks. 11 p - RL32230 Revising Insurance Regulation: Policy Considerations, by Carolyn Cob. 16p - RL32138 ‘The Risk Retention Acts: Background and Issues, by Baird Webel. 1p - RL32176 ‘Securities Investor Protection Corporation, by Gary W. Shorter and William D. Jackson. Sp. RS2I741 Taran of Life Inurmoe Compare, ty Andrew D. Pike. 19 p ~ RL32180 ‘he Ta Tee, Wy ae Mey OD ceaves: RS21871, RL32157 Foreign Affairs ‘The Administration's FY2005 Request for $25 Billion for Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan: Precedents, Options, and Congressional Action, by Stephen Dageett and Amy Belasco. 39 p « RL32422, Afghanistan and Pakistan: Briefing on a CRS Staff Visit. Online Video. Video Tape, by Rhoda ‘Margesson ..... "- MM70064 Alghanistan: Presidential and 1 Patamentary Elections, by Kenneth B. Katzman. Spee ss eel nants ~ RS21922 Africa: Development Issues and Policy Options, by Raymond W. Copson. 40 p RL32489 Alrica’s Great Lakes Region: Current Conditions in ‘Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, ‘Rwanda, and Uganda, by Ted Dagne and Maureen Farrell. 18 p RL32128 AGOA Ill: Amendment to the Aftican Growth and Opportunity Act, by Danielle Langton, op a S21772AIDS Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC): Problems, Responses, and Issues for Congress, by Tiaji Salaam. 26 p ~ RL32252 Andean Counterdrug Initiative (ACD) and Related Funding Programs: FY2005 Assistance, by Connie Veillette. 31 p ~ RL32337 Appropriations for FY2005: Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs, by Lamy Nowels. 72 .-..--..-+.. RI32311 Assistance to Afghan and Iragi Women: Issues for Congress, by Rhoda Margesson and Febe Anmanios. 6p... --. RS21865 Australia, the Southwest Pacific, and United States Interests, by Thomas Lum and Bruce Vaughn. Tp » RU32187 ‘Avian tauenz: Malipe Sans CoseDifrent Eifects Worldwide, by Jim Monke. Tp Batis RS21747 Azerbaijan's 2003 Presidential Election and ‘Succession: Implications for U.S. Interests, by Jim Nichol. 6 p RS21661 Belarus: Background and U.S. Policy Concerns, by Steven J. Woebrel. 10 p . RL32534 Bolivia: Political and Economic Developments and Implications for U.S. Poliey, by Connie Veillette.12p ... reve RES2580 Bolivia: political developments and implications for US. policy, by Come Veit. 6p. severe RS21660 Bosnia and Herzegovina: Issues for U.S. Policy, by ‘Steven J. Woehrel. 13 p RL32392 Bosnia and Intemational Security Forces: Transition from NATO to the European Union in 2004, by Julie Kim. 6p -- RS21774 Bosnia and Kosovor US. Military Operations, by Steve Bowman. 15 p RL32282 Bringing Peace to Chechnya’ Assessments and Implications, by im Nichol. 14 p . RL32272 Campaign Finance Law: The Supreme Court Upholds Key Provisions of BCRA in McConnell v. FEC, by L. Paige Whitaker. 6p RS21693, Caribbean Region: Issues in U.S. Relations, by Mark P. Sullivan. 19 p ‘RL32160 Chemical Weapons Convention: Issues for Congress, by Steve Bowman. 17 p RL32158 Children Orphaned and Affected by HIV/AIDS: Issues and Options for Congress. Online Video Video Tape by Tiaji Salaam /MM70075 53 China's Space Program: An Overview, by Marcia S. Stith. 6D cesseeeveeeeeesees RSZG4L Celombl: Tres for Congres, by Conn Vela, 2p. eevee RE32250 ‘Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction: Establishment and Composition, by Stephanie Smith. 6p ......... RS21758 ‘Comparisons of U.S. and Foreign Military Spending: ata from Selected Public Sources, by Jeffrey Chamberlin, 22 p RL32209 Conditions on U.S. Aid to Serbia, by Steven J. Woehrel. 6p ..s.ess+« RS21686 Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1996-2005, by Richard F. Grimes, Sp RL32547 Costa Rica: Background and U.S. Relations, by Connie Veillete. 6p - RS21943, ‘The Cost of Operations in Irag, Afghanistan, ae eit Sy, Airy Ble 6p. - RS21644 Coup in Gera [Republi Rent Deeloomens ‘and Implications, by im Nichol. 6 p RS21685 Croatia: 2008 Blestions and New Government, by Julie Kim. 6 p ~ RS21703 ‘The Department of State's Patterns of Global ‘Terrorism Report: Trends, State Sponsors, and Related Issues, by Raphael Perl. 9D. seve RESQAIT Diplomatic Immunity: History and Overview, by Michael John Garcia. Sp ........ RS21672 Disarming Libya: Weapons of Mass Destruction, by Andrew Feickert and Sharon Sasol 6p. RS21823 Dominican Republic: Pac! and Economie Conditions and Relations with the United ‘States, by Clare Ribando. 6p ..... RS21718 Drug Trafficking and North Korea: Issues for U.S. Policy, by Raphael Perl 13 p ..... RL32167 Ecuador: Political and Economic Situation and US. Relations, by Clare Ribando. 6p ... RS21687 E! Salvador: Political, Economic, and Social Conitions und Relations withthe United ‘States, by Clare Ribando. 6 p ..... RS21655 EU Enlargement: Economic Implications for the United States, by William H. Cooper. op. veeee RS2875 ‘The Buropean Union in 2004 and Beye, by Kristin Archick. 6 p + RS21757European Union — United States: Financial Services Action Plan’s Regulatory Reform Issues, by Walter Eubanks. 11 p RL32384 Expanding Threat Reduction and Nonproliferation Programs: Concepts and Definitions, by Amy E.WoOIE6D sceceeceeesees RS2I8A0 Extradition Between the United States and Great Britain: A Sketch of the 2003 Treaty, by Charles Doyle. 6 p 7 RS21633, Extradition Between the United States and Great Busi: The 2005 Treaty, by Ghaces Dole RL32096 ‘The Former Soviet Union and U.S. Foreign ‘Assistance in 1992: The Role of Congress, by Curt Tamoff. 38 p ..-- RL32410 ‘The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM): Post-Conflict Situation and U.S. Policy, by Julie Kim. 16 p ~ RL32172 France: Factors Shaping Foreign Policy, and Issues in US.-French Relations, by Paul E. Gallis. Op snes ican ~ RL32464 From Burma to Thailand: Refugee Flows and U.S. Policy, by Rhoda Margesson. 6 p .. RS21648 Future of the Balkans and U.S. Policy Concerns, by Steven J. Woehrel. 16 p RL32136 Genocide: Legal Precedent Surrounding the Definition of the Crime, by Michael John Garcia and Judith Derenzo. 26 p .. RL32605 ‘The Greater Middle East Initiative: An Overview, by Jeremy M. Sharp. 8p ......+... RL32407 Greece Update, by Carol Migdalovitz. 6 p RS21885 Guatemala: Political Conditions, Elections, and Human Rights, by Maureen E. Taft-Morales. DaNp ss sasislh aausioa sn sat DSAI24, Hague Convention on Inercaney Adoption: Status and Recent Developents, by Douglas Re Weimer. 5 p RS21671 Hat Developments and US, Pay Since 1991 and ‘Current Congressional Concerns, by Maureen E.Taf-Morales. 18 p .......... RL32294 ‘Humanitarian Crisis in Haiti: 2004, by Rhoda Margesson. 6 p RS21751 India’s 2004 National Elections, wk Alan Kronstadt. 9 p + RL32465 Indonesia: Domestic Polities, Strategic Dynamics, and American Interests, by Bruce Vaughn. 19p. RL32394 Indonesian Elections, by Bruce Vaughn. RS21874 Tne Gi, heemnteinn by Wie ‘Morrison. 6 p 1RS21753 International Government-Procurement Obligations of the United States: An Overview, by Todd B. Tatelman. 18 p . . ~ RLS2211 International Law and Agreements: Their Effect Upon U.S. Law, by Michael John Garcia and Arthur Traldi 12 p RL32528 International Terrorism in South Asia, by K. Alan Kronstadt. 6 p RS21658 Iraq Coalition: Public Opinion Indicators in Seleced European Comte, by ule Kim, op ~ RS21794 Islamic Religious Schools, Madrasas: Background, by Christopher Blanchard. 6 p .... RS21654 ‘The Islamic Traditions of Wahhabism and Salafiyya, by Christopher Blanchard. 6p .... RS21695 ‘sam a Sow and Souhea Aa, by Broce Vaughn. 6p... RS21903, Japanese Prime Minister Koizumis May 2004 ‘Trip to North Korea: Implications for US. Objectives, by Richard P. Cronin, 2p. - RL32428 Japan-North Korea Relations: Selected Issues, by Mark E. Manyin. 18 p » RLB2161 Japan's Self Defense Forces in Irag: Motivations, Constraints, and Implications for U.S.Japan Alliance Cooperation, by Richard P. Cronin. op. + RS21816 Kosovo's Future Status and US. "palicy, by Steven I. Woehrel. 6 p seeseseees RS2U72L ‘Law of the Sea Convention: The International ‘Seabed Authority and Other Convention Bodies: Current Status and U.S. Participation There, by Maree Ann Browne, Gp cei ~ RS21894 Liberia: Transition to Peace, by Nicolas Cook. 37p = RL32243 Libya: Legislative Basis for U.S. Economic Santon, by Dianne E. Rennac. 6p. --+ RS21699 Libya: Legisaive Basis for U.S. Economic Sanctions, by Dianne E. Rennack. 10p wees. RL32604 Malaysia: Political Transition and Implications for US. Policy by Bre Vaughn 16p : RL32129 March 11 Terrorist Attacks in Madrid and Spain's Elections: Implications for U.S. Policy, by Steven J. Woehrel. 6 p RS21812Millennium Challenge Account: Implementation of ‘a. New U.S. Foreign Aid Initiative, by Larry Q. Nowels. 14 p RL32427 Missile Proliferation and the Strategic Balance in South Asia, by Andrew Feickert and K. Alan Kronstadt. 34 ....ecceeeee0+ RES2US NATO and the European Union, by Paul E. Gallis. ‘and Kristin Archick. 0p ....... RI32342 TEA Pegg bem W.EK.6p - RS21659 ‘The NATO Summit at Istanbul, 2004, by Paul E. Gallis. 6p . : RS21864 ‘New Zealand: Background and Bilateral Relations ith he United States, by Beuce Vaughn, OD cesses ~ RS21722 None Nuc Weg Ati, We 6p onilises RL32572 Norther Ireland: The 2003 Election, by Kristin Archick. 4 p ++ RS21692 ‘The North Korean Economy: Beckgrund and Policy Analysis, by Dick K. Nanto and Jennifer O'Sullivan. 4p. - RL32493 ‘North Korean Supporters in Japan: Issues for US. Policy, by Emma Chanlet-Avery. Bhes recurs RL32137 ‘Nuclear Weapons in Russia: Safety, Security, Cae fr BW 12p. = RL32202 Pakistan's Domestic lial Developments, ZO +5 RL32615 Policing in Peacekeeping and Related Stability Operations: Probiems and Proposed Solutions, by Nina Serafino. 54 .. - RL32321 Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), by Sharon Squassoni. 6p... RS21881 Reproductive Health Problems in the World: Obstetric Fistula: Background Information and Responses, by Tiaji Salaam. 6 p ... RS21773 Rising Energy Competition and Energy Security in. ‘Northeast Asia: Issues for U.S. Policy, by Emma Chanlett-Avery.22p ..... RL32466 Russia's Arrest of “Oligarch” Mikhail ‘Khodorkovskiy: Background and Implications for US. Interests, by Jim Nichol. 6 p RS21678 SARS, Avian Flu, and Other Challenges for China’s Political, Social, and Economic Transformation, by Wayne M. Morrison and Kerry B. Dumbaugh. 28 p RL32227 Saudi Arabia: Reform and U.S. Policy, by Jeremy M. Sharp. 6 p coccees RS2IIIS 55 Sandi Arabia: Terrorist Financing Issues, by Alfred 'B. Prados, Christopher Blanchard and Audrey Kurth Cronin, 24 p sees RES2499 Serbia: 2004 Presidential Elections, by Julie Kim. oie ~ RS21856 ‘Special Summit of the Americas ~ Monterrey, ‘Mexico, January 2004: Background, Capea, cole, tee. 6p. . RS21700 Sudan: Economic Sanctions, ty iame E, Rennack. 17p . ~ RL32606 Sadan, The Criss in Daf, ty Tod Dae 6p. ~ RS21862 ‘Taiwan in 2004: Elections, Referenda, and Other ‘Democratic Challenges, by Kerry B. Dumbaugh. 6p .... » RS21770 ‘Terrorism in South Asia, by Bruce Vaughn. 27p .. seve RIS2259 ‘Thailand: Background and U.S. Relations, by Emma Chanlett-Avery. 14p * RL32593 ‘Transnational Organized Crime: US. Policy, ‘Programs, and Related Issues, by Tarana Zaheed. 17 p feces RES2190 ‘Tunisia: Current Issues, by Ca Migdalovitz. 6p. + RS21666 UN. Convention Against Torture (CAT): Overview ‘and Application to Interrogation Techniques, by Michael John Garcia. 15 p RL32438, ‘The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for US. Policy, by Kenneth B. Katzman. 6 p RS21852 United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), by Rhoce Margssn 6D vee + RS2168 ‘The United States and Europe: Possible Options for US. Policy, by Kristin Archick, 23 p RL32577 ‘The U.N. Law ofthe Sea Convention and the United ‘States: Developments Since October 2003, by Marjorie Ann Browne. 6 p ~ RS21890 US. Arms Sales: Agreements with and Deliveries to ‘Major Clients, 1995-2002, by Richard F. Grimmett. 7 p ~ RL32156 US.-ASEAN Relations: A Dialogue with US. ‘Ambassadors. Online Video. Video Tape, by Mark E, Manyin MM70072 USS. Assistance to North Korea: Fact Sheet, by Mark E. Manyin. 3 p ~ RS21834 US-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress, by Shirley A. Kan. 55 p RL32496‘The U.S-EU “Open Skies” Negotiations: Legal Tssues Relating to International Civil Aviation, byTodd B. Tatelman. 8p .....-. RL32578 USS. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean, by Mark P. Sullivan and Connie Veillette. 28 p + RL32487 US. Foreign Assistance to the Middle East: Historical Background, Recent Trends, and the Y2006 Reque, by Jerey M. Shar, Wp. vee, RES2260 U.S.-French Commercial Ties, by Raymond J. ‘Ahearn. 17 p ~ RL32459 ‘Venezuela: Political Conditions and U.S. Policy, by Mark P, Sullivan. 13 p......... RL32488 ‘Vienna Convention on Consular Relations: Overview of U.S. Implementation and International Court of Justice (ICD) Interpretation of Consular Notification trees eid Sita, ape ie RL32390 Violence in Uzbekistan: Context and Implications for US. nee, by Jim Nichol. 6 p i World Bank Activities in the ‘Africa (MENA), by Matin A.Weis, Bp. » RL32239 ‘Yemen: Current Conditions and U.S. Relations, by Alfred B. Prados. 6 p + RS21808 General Interest ‘Employment and Study Abroad: A Guide to Internet Resources, by Lisa B. Mages and Barbara A. Salazar.6p ~ RS21826 Genealogical Research, by Marilyn Nelson, 3p RS21749 How to Develop and Write a Grant Proposal, by Merete F. Gerli 15 p ........2.. RES2159 ‘The Notel Prize: Frequently Asked Questions, by Barbara A. Salazar. 6p . ~ RS21791 Government 9/11 Commission Recommendations: Changes tothe Presidential Appointment and Presidential Teansion Process, by Henry B Hogue AG on een RL32588 911 Commission Recommendations: The ‘Senate Confirmation Process for Presiden Norinees, by Bey Pele. 2p. ceseees RLS2SS1 56 ‘Administrative Office ofthe U.S. Courts: History, Operations, and Current Issues, by Mitchel A. Sollenberger. 6p 1RS21847 ‘The Appropriate Number of Advice and Consent Positions: An Analysis of the Issue and Proposals for Change, by Henry B Hogue 35p . RL32212 Appropriations for FY2005: District of Columbia, by Eugene Boyd. 17 p - RL32313 Appropriations for FY2005: Legislative Branch, by Paul E, Dwyer. 20 p RL32312, Appropriations for FY2005: Transportation, ‘Treasury, Postal Service, Executive Office of the President, General Government, and Related Agencies, by David Randall Peterman and John Frivelli. 57 p RL32308, ‘The Blue-Slip Process in the Senate Committee on the Judiciary: Background, Issues, and Options, by Mitchel A. Sollenberger. 6p... ~ RS21674 (Campaign Finance Law: A Legal Analysis of the Supreme Court Ruling in McConnell v. FEC, by L. Paige Whitaker. 19 p « RL32245 Cannon Centenary Conference: History of House Speakership. Online Video. Video Tape, by Walter I. Oleszek - MM70059 Cannon Centenary Conference: The James Wright Speakership. Online Video. Video Tape, by Walter J. Oleszek ......+2...+ MMT7008S ‘Cannon Centenary Conference: The Newt Gingrich ‘Speakership. Online Video. Video Tape, by Walter J. Oleszek ~_ MM70057 Cannon Centenary Conference: The O'Neill Speakership, 1977-1987. Online Video. Video ‘Tape, by Walter J. Oleszek MMT70084 Cannon Centenary Conference: Remarks of Speaker J. Dennis Hastert. Online Video. Video Tape, by Walter J. Oleszek - MM70088 Cannon Centenary Conference: The Thomas Foley Speakership. Online Video. Video Tape, by Walter J. Oleszek MM70056 Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction: Establishment and Composition, by Stephanie Smith. 6 p ~ RS21758 ‘Commonly Used Motions and Requests in the House of Representatives, by Betsy Palmer. 12p ; - RL32207 Congress and the Judiciary: Can the Federal Courts be Stripped? Online Video. Video Tape, by Kenneth R. Thomas ........... MM70069‘Congressional Intervention in the Administrative Process: Legal and Ethical Considerations, by ‘Morton Rosenberg and Jack H. Maskell. B4p vee RL3213 ‘Congress's Power Under the Commerce Clause: The Impact of Recent Court Decisions, by Todd B. Tatelman, Mp 3 RIL32446 Constitutionality of a Senate Filibuster of a Judicial ‘Nomination, by Jay R. Shampansky. 12p secs --- RL32102 “Dear Colleague” Letters: A Brief Overview, by Colton C. Campbell. 5 p 1RS21667 Debate, Motions, and Other Actions in the amines of he Whole, by BN Beni J. OD sseaers RL32200 District of Columbia Appropriations Act for FY 20085: Comparison of General Provisions of PLL. 108-199 and HLR. 4850, by Eugene P. Boyd. 17 p - RL32510 Duration of Continuing Resolutions in Recent Years, by Robert Alan Keith. 11 p RL32614 Election Reform and Electronic Voting Systems {RES Analysisof Secu lass, by Ere Fischer. 37 p cree, RES2I39 ‘The Electoral College: How It Works in Contemporary Presidential Elect Thomas H. Neale. 12p The Electoral College: Reform Proposals in the 2o8in Congress, by Thomas H. Nel Crees Electronic Voting Systems (DREs): Legislation in the 108th Congress, by Eric Fischer and Kevin J.Coleman.34p - RL32526 Executive Branch Power to Postpone Elections, by Kenneth R. Thomas. 6p ~ RL32471 ‘The Federal Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program: Funding Issues and Activities, by Patricia Moloney Figliola. 12 p ... 110130 Federal Pay ~ Status of January 2004 Adjustments: ‘A Ft She, by Sharon S. Gree, 2p. RS21689 Federal Regulaions: Efforts to Estimate Total Costs a et by Ca Wane 18D sees RL32339 Federal Regulatory Reform: An Overview, by Curtis W. Copeland. 45 p RL32356 ‘The Federal Rulemaking Process: An Overview, by Curtis W. Copeland. 38 p RL32240 ~ RL32612 37 Federal Rulemaking: The Role of the Otfice of Information and Regulatory Affairs, by Curtis, W. Copeland. 32 p + RL32397 Federal White-Callar Pay: FY2005 Salary Adhutmens, by Barbra. Sshvemle Isp. » RL32355, General Management Laws and the 911 Commission's Proposed Office of National Intelligence Director (NID) and National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), by Clinton T. Brass and Curtis W. Copeland. 50p . Levee RIS2592 General Management Laws: Major Themes and Management Policy Options, by Clinton T. Brass. 38 p feceses RIB2388 ‘The General Services Administration and Federal Real Property Management: Overview and Curent Legion, by Stephanie Smith Bp. RL32368 “Good Samaritan” Tort Reform: Three House Bills, byHenry Cohen. 4p. RS21933 Government Advertising Expenditures: An Overview, by Kevin R. Koser. 6p . RS21746 House Apportionment: Could Census Corrections ‘Shift a House Seat?, by David C. Huckabee. Spt RS21638 House Committee System: Jurisdiction and Referral ‘Reform Options, by Paul S. Rundquist and Judy Schneider. 6 p RS21643 House Select Committe on Homeland Security: Possible Questions Raised Ifthe Panel Were to Be Reconstituted as 2 Standing Committe, by Judy Schneider. 4 p ~ RS21901 Informal Congressional Groups and Member Organizations: 108th Congress, 1st Session, by Sula P. Richardson and Colton C. Camptell 4a7p : - RL32263 ‘The Information Quality Act: OMB’s Guidance and Initial Implementation, by Michael M. ‘Simpson and Curtis W. Copeland. 18p dae aan RL32532, IRS Guidelines for Political Advocacy by Exempt '501(¢) Organizations: Revenue Ruling 2004-6, by Erika Lunder. 3 p RS21725 Judicial Nomination Statistics: U.S. District and Circuit Courts, 1945-1976, by Mitchel A. Sollenberger. 20 p ~ RL32122 Legal Overview of P-L, 107-174, the Notification and Federal Employee Antidiscrimination and Retaliation Act of 2002, by Charles V. Dale Sp. . ~ RS21778‘The Legislative Recommendations ofthe President's Commission on the United States Postal Service A Brief Overview, by Nye Stevens and Kevin R. Kosar. 6p .. RS21640 Limiting Court Jurisdiction Over Federal ‘Constitutional Issues: “Court-Strippin; Kenneth R. Thomas. 12p . Negotiated Ralemaking, by Cus W. Copland BP eee ceveses RLB2452 ‘The NOAA Corps of Commissioned Officers: Pay Parity with the Military Uniformed Services, by Wayne A. Morrissey. 6p ..... RS21854 Office of Management and Budget: A Brief Overview. 6p = RS21665 Parliament and Congress: A Brief Comparison of the British House of Commons and the House of Representatives, by Paul S. Rundquis 15p. RL32206 Pension Issues Cloud Postal Reform Debate, by Nye Stevens. 13 p « + RL32346 Performance Management and Budgeting in the Federal Government: Brief History and Recent Dende OO 3p - RL32164 ‘A Perspective on Congress's Oversight Function, by Walter J. Oleszek. 13 .. + RL32617 Political Organizations Under Section 527 of the Jmtemal Revenue Code, by Erika Linder 6p. = RS21716 Postal Reform Bills: A Side-by-Side Comparison of HLR. 4341 and S. 2468, by Keith Alan Bea. UP eevee sees. RES2402 Presidential Travel: licy and Costs, by L. Elaine Halchin. 6 p RS21835 ‘The Presidential Veto and Congressional Procedure, by Mitchel A. Sollenberger. 5p ... RS21750 Proposals 10 Amend the Senate Cloture Rule, by Christopher M. Davis and Betsy Palmer. 12p eee «+ RL32149 The Protection of Classified Information: The Legal Framework, by Nathan Brooks. 6p RS21900 Punch-Card Voting Systems and the California Gubernatorial Recall: Overview of Appellate om eens, Page spies RS21635 PVA v, Secretary of Veterans Affairs: Summary and Implications, by Jennifer Elsea. 9p RL32143 Redesign of U.S. Coin or Currency to Commemorate resident Ronald W. Reagan, by Pauline Hardy Smale. 4 p = RS21907 58 Reorganization of the Senate: Modern Reform Efforts, by Christopher M. Davis, Colton C. Campbell fy Schneider and Betsy Palme 5p wen: RL32112 Requirements for Linguists in Government ‘Agencies, by Jefitey J. Kuenzi. 16 p RL32557 Schedule for Congressional Primaries, 2004, by Kevin J. Coleman. 3p .......+-. RS21639 Secrecy Versus Openness: New Proposed Arrangements for Balancing Competing Needs, by Harold C. Relyea. 6p... RS21895 ‘Senate Committee Party Ratios: 98th-108th Congresses, by Lorraine Tong. 16 p RL32148 ‘Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: Term Limits and Assignment Limitations, by Judy Schneider. 5p ...-. RS21908 ‘Sick Leave: Usage Rates and Leave Balances for Employees in Major Federal Retirement Spies by Curis W. Copeland Bp « RL32596 ‘The Size and Role of Government: Economic Issues, by Marc Labonte. 28 p .. ~ RL32162 ‘State Election Laws: Overview of Statutes Regarding Emergency Election Postponement Within the Sse, by L. Paige While. 6p cee RS21942 ‘Supreme Court Review: 2003-2004 Term. Online Video. Video Tape, by Ken Thomas and Johnny Killian /MM70073, ‘Suspension of the Rules in the House of ‘Representatives, by Thomas P. Carr. : + RLS2474 Territorial Delegates to the U.S. Congress: Current Issues and Historical Background, by Paul S. Rundquist and Betsy Palmer. 19p ~ RL32340 United States’ Withdrawal from the World Trade ‘Organization: Legislative Procedure, by Vladimir N. Pregelj. 6 p + RS21918 USS. Circuit and District Court Nominations: Resubmissions, 1977-2004, by Mitchel A. Sollenberger. 34 p RL32134 US. District and Circuit Court Nominations: A Diagram of Customary Procedures, by Mitchel A. Sollenberger. 4 p RS21735 ‘The Use of Blind Trusts By Federal Officials, by Jack H. Maskell. 6 p RS21656 ‘Votes Other Than Favorably on Judicial ‘Nominations, 1939-2003, by Mitchel A. Sollenterger. 6p ~ RS21734‘The Voting Rights Act of 1965, As Amended: Provisions with Expiration Dates of 2007, by Garsine P. Laney and L. Paige Whitaker. 6p cece RS29U1 Health Appropriations for FY2005: Labor, Health and ‘Human Services, and Education, by Paul M. Inwin. 41 p + RL32303 ‘Avian Influenza Multiple Strains Cause Different Effects Worldwide, by Jim Monke. Tp soeesees S247 ‘The Black Lung Excise Tax on Coal, by Salvatore Lazeari. 6 p = RS21935 Children Orphaned and Affected by HIV/AIDS: Issues and Options for Congress. Online Video. Video Tape, by Tia Salaam sees. MMTO075 Clinical Trials Reporting and Publication, by Susan. ‘Thaul and Erin Williams. 5p .... RS21944 ‘Counting Income Under Medicare's New Pretcripon Drag Benefit, by Chis L Peterson.3p »RS21733 ARS Review of 10 States: Home andl Community- ‘Based, by Rob Weissert, Carol V. O'Shaughnessy, Sidath Viranga Panangals and Julie Stone. 48 p s+ RL3232 A.CRS Review of 10 States: Home and Community. Based, by Rob Weissert, Carol V. (O'Shaughnessy, and Jane Tilly. 36 p RL32166 A.CRS Review of 10 States: Home and Community. Based Services ~ States Seek to Change the Face of Long-Term Care: Indiana, by Rob Weiser, Coral V.O’Shnughnesy and ane Tilly. 37... - RL32295 Establishing A Health Saving Account, by Frances F, Larkins. 3 p ~ RS21825 Expanding Health Care Coverage forthe Uninsured: Lessons Leamed From States, by Jean Hearne, Hinda Ripps Chaikind and Stephanie Lewis. 2p ween = RI32385 Federal R&D, Drug Discovery, and Pricing: Insights from the NIH-University-Industry Relaonip by Wendy H. Schad. 32p RL32324 Genetic Testing: Scientific Background and Nondiscrimination Legislation, by Michele Schoonmaker and Erin Williams. MOD niece sven a sicn Fee RL32478 Health Care spending Context and Policy, by Jennifer Jenson. 13 p ~ RL32545 59 Health Insurance: A Primer, by Bernadette Femandez. 19 p RL32237 Health Insurance for the Uninsured. Online Video. ‘Video Tape, by Bernadette Fernandez and Julie Stone - MMT70067 Heath Savings Accouns by Chis. Peterson and Bob Lyke.27 + + RL32467 How Medicaid Works: Program Basics, by Elicia Herz, Coordinator. 58 p ... RL32277 Implications of the Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit for Dual Eligibles and State Medicaid Programs, by Karen Tritz. ope. RS21837 ‘Implications of the Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit for State Budgets, by April Grady and Christine Scott. 9p. RL32440 Importation of Prescription Drugs Provisions in PLL. 108-173, the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization ‘Act of 2008, by Donna U. Vogt and Susan Thaul. 16 p . RL32271 Importing Prescription Drugs Comparison of the Drug Import Provisions in the Medicare Reform Bills, HR. 2427, and Current Law, by Randall Blanchard IV, Susan Thaul, and Donna U. Vogt. 24 p -. RL32107 Importing Prescription Drugs: Objectives, Options, snd Ousloak, by Donna U. Vogt and Susan Thaul. 38 p ... ~ RL32S11 Key Benefits Under Medicaid and the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) for Children With Mental Health and Substance Abuse Problems, by Elicia Herz. stp a ceees RLS2362 ‘Legal Issues Related to Prescription Drug Seles on the Internet, by Jody Feder. 6p... RS21711 Long-Term Care: Consumer-Directed Services Under Medicaid, by Karen Tritz. BAP osssave = RL32219 Long-Term Care Insurance Partnership Program. 30p - RL32610 Medicaid/SCHIP as Primary Source of Health Insurance During the Year, by Chris L. Peterson. 1p eseeeeee RL32555 Medicare Advantage Payments, by Paulette C. organ and Hinds Rpps Chain 3ip. ‘ RI32618 “Medicare Advantage: What Does It Mean For Private Plans Currently Serving Medicare Beneliciaries?, by Paulete C. Morgan and Hinda Ripps Chaikind. 6 p RS2I76LMedicare Advertising: Current Controversies, by Kevin R. Koser. 6p ....++++.++- RS2U811 ‘Medicare Endorsed Prescription Drug Discount Card Program, by Jennifer O'Sullivan. 2p. seeeeeeees RLS2283 Medicare Home Health ~ Benefits and Payments, by Jennifer Boulanger. 6p ....... RS21814 Medicare: Part B Premium Penalty, by Jennifer O'Sullivan. 6 p RS21731 lie ton eae ln, op. RS21730 “Medicare: Part B Premiums, by Jennifer O'Sullivan, op. + RL32582 “Medicare: Physician Self-Referral (“Stark I and II"), by Jennifer O'Sullivan. 30p ..... RL32494 ‘Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit: Estimates of Beneficiaries Who Fall Below Countable Tse They Sey Che Peterson. 6 p RS21675 Medicare Prescription Drug Card: Estimates of Beneficiaries Who Qualify for Transitional ‘Assianee, by Sune, by Cit L. Pera. 4p. severe RS21889 Medicare Proposals: Estimates of the Higher-Income ‘Aged Population, by Chris L. Peterson. op. cesses RS2L6S1 Frenne icing, fr debe X, Ha, 1p. : cese+ RLS2400 Prescription Drug Importation and Internet Sales: A Legal Overview, by Jody Feder. 24 p RL32191 Radiological Dispersal Devices: Select Issues in Consequence Manages by Dana A Shes op. RS21766 Reproductive Health Problems in the World: Obstetric Fistula: Background Information and Responses, by Tiaji Salaam. 6p... RS21773, ‘A Review of Medical Child Support: Background, Policy, and Issues, by Carmen D. Solomon- Fears. 33 p i ~ RL32135 SARS, Avian Flu, and Other Challenges for China's Political, Socal, and Economic ‘Transformation, by Wayne M. Morrison and Kerry B. Dumbaugh. 28 p RL32227 ‘Senate Prescription Drug Importation Legislation: A ‘Side-by-Side Comparison of Current Law, S. 2307, S. 2328, and S. 2493, by Donna U. Vogt and Susan Thaul. 65 p .......... RL32568 A State-by-State Compilation of Key State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) Characteristics, by Elicia Herz, Evelyne Parizek Baumrucker and Peter Kraut. Spies vesticeseulen cstoce yt RISBESBO" Title VII Health Professions Education and ‘Training: Issues in Reauthorization, by Sharon Kearney Coleman, Bernice S. une eure 34p . RL32546 ‘Homeland Security 911 Call Center Legislation: S. 1250 and H.R. 2898, by Linda K. Moore. 22 p - RL32126 ‘The 9/11 Commission and a National Counterterrorism Center: Issues and] Options for Congress, by Todd Masse. 27 p RL32558 9/11 Commission Recommendations: Joint Committee on Atomic Energy ~ A Model for Congressional Oversigh, by Christopher M Davis. 36p «+ RL32538 9/11 Commission Recommendations: New Structures and Organization, by Harold C. Relyea. 19 ..seeseeeeeeeeee+ RES2SOL Agroterrorism: Threats and Preparedness, by Jim. Manke. 45 p RL32521 Alabama Emergency Management and Homeland ‘Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. ‘Warnock. 5 p S217 ‘Alaska Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, Pat Richardson, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Warnock. 8 p . RL32288 American Samoa Emergency Management and ‘Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alun Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Wamock. 5p. RS21803 Appropriations for FY2005: Department of ‘Homeland Security, by Jennifer E. Lake and Dennis Snook. 21 p ... ~ RL32302 Arizona Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, Pat Richardson, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Warnock, Tp. tie cecsee+ RLS2289 Arkansas Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by ith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M, Wamock. 1 pes eeeececeeeee+ RE32290 Assistance Afier Hurricanes and Other Disasters FY2004 and FY2005 Supplemental Appropriations, by Keith Alan Bea and Ralph M. Chite. 12 p ~ RL32S81Assistance to Firefighters Program: Distribution of Fe Gant Funding by Lennard G. Kruger Is pete ces RISIS4L Aviation Security Related Findings and ‘Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission, by Bart Elias. 10p .... ~ RL32S41 Biometric Identifiers and Border Security: 9/11 ‘Commission Recommendations and Related Issues, by William J. Krouse, J. and Danie! Morgan. 6 p + RS21916 ‘The Biowatch Program: Detection of Antiterrorism, by Dana A. Shea and Sarah A. Lister. mp.. ceeees RUS2IS2. Border and Transportation Security: Appropriations or F¥2005, by Jennifer E. Lake and Blas Nutiez-Neto. 34p ~ RL32566 Border Security: Inspections Practices, Policies, and Issues, by Ruth Ellen Wasem, Coordinator. BD eee tess+ RL32399 Border Security: Key. Agencies ‘and their Missions, by Blas Nutiez-Neto. 6 p ~ RS21899 Border Security: The Role of the U.S. Border Patrol, by Blas Nufiez-Neto. 30 p ~ RL32562 California Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. ‘Warnock. 7 p ot iat SREBEISL Colorado Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Wamock. 6p sseseceeeseeee++ RS21783 (Commonwealth of the Northem Mariana Islands ‘Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summaries, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Wamock. 5p « ~ RS21806 Connecticut Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. ‘Warnock. 6p - + RS21801 CCitical Infrastructure Protections: The 9/11 Commision Repo, by ohn D. Mate Tp. - RL32531 Delaware Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, Sula P. Richardson, 1 Chery Ranyon and ae M. Wameck, Sp RS21802 Department of Homeland Security First Responder Grants A Summary, by Shawn P. Reese lap. dl RL32117 61 District of Columbia Emergency Management and ‘Homeland Security Statutory Authorities ‘Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, Sula P. Richardson, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Wamock. 5p eseesseeseee RS21804 Emergency Communications: The Emergency Alert ‘System (EAS) and All-Hazard Warnings, by Linda K, Moore. 8p... RL32527 [Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities in the States, District, of Columbia, and Insular Areas: a Summary, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheng Runyon snd Kae M, Warnock 15p. rergency Management Fann othe Department of Homeland Security: Information and Issues for FY2005, by Keith Alan Bea, Frank Gotiron, Shawn P. Reece, C. Stephen Redhead and Wayne A. Morrissey. 36... RLS2242 Emergency Management Preparedness Standards: ‘Overview and Options for Congress, by Keith Alan Bea. 22.p RL32520 FBI Intelligence Reform Since September 11, 2001: Issues and Options for Congress, by Todd ae, altel Cuming Wi, Krouse, Ir. 60 p - RL32336 Federal Homeland Security Research and Development Funding: Issues of Data Quality, ty Genevieve: Knezo 2p First Responder Grant Formulas: The 9/11 ‘Commission Recommendation and Other Options for Congressional Action, by Shawn. P. Reese. 12 p : ~ RL32475 Florida Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Kein Alan Bet, L. Chery! Runyon and Kae M. ‘Warnock. 6 p cecseseeees RS2ITB4 FY2003 and FY2004 State Allocations for Selected Homeland Security Assistance Programs, by Shawn P. Reese. 17 p RL32463, FY2004 Appropriations for First Responder cena en eee 4p = ceses RS21650 FY2005 Appropriations for First Responder Preparedness: Issues and Analysis, by Shawn P. Reese. 6p - RS21736 Georgia Emergency Management and Homeland ‘Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Warnock. 6 p ~ RS21800 RL32287 ~ RL32482‘Guam Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Warnock. 4p... RS21805 Hawaii Emergency Management and Homeland Security Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryi Runyon and Kae M. Wamock: 7p ++... ~ RL32299 High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) and High Power Microwave (HPM) Devices: Threat Asserts, by Clay Wilson. 1p. Homeland Security nani Accountability Act Actions inthe 10Bth Congress, by Virginia A. McMurtry. 2p » RS21659 Homeland Security Financial Accountability A Hisory and Recent Developments, by Virginia A.McMurry. 12p - RL32550 Homeland Security Preparedness Legislation: Side- bby-Side Comparison of H.R. 3266, S. 1245, and S. 930, by Keith Alan Bea and Shawn P. Reese. 13 po -eseeseeeeeeeeeees RESZI3B Homeland Security: Proposed Regulations for the Department of Homeland Security Human Resources Management System (Subpart E) Compared With Current Law, by Jon O. Shimabukuro. 16D... ~ RL32255 Homeland Security: Proposed Regulations on Job Evaluation, Pay, and Performance Management Compared with Current Law, by Barbara L. Schwemle. 55 p RL32261 Homeland Security Research and Development Funding and Activities in Federal Agencies: A Preliminary Invetary, by Genevieve Knezo, alps RL3281 Homeland Security: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Borer Suveillnc, by Crstopher Bolom GD savers ~ RS21698 ‘House Select Committee on Homeland Security: Possible Questions Raised If the Panel Were to Be Reconstituted as a Standing Committee, by Judy Schneider. 4 p RS21901 Idaho Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea. 6 p RS21780 linois Emergency Management and Homeland Security Authorities Summarized, by Keith ‘Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M, Wamock. 8 p RL32298 Immigration: Terrorist Grounds for Exclusion of ‘Aliens, by Michael John Garcia and Ruth Ellen Wasem. 12 p RL32564 RL32544 62 Indiana Emergency Management and Homeland ‘Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea. 6p .. RS21781 Information Sharing for Homeland Security: A Brief Overview, by Jeffrey Seifert and Harold C. Relyea. 35). seeeese -- RL32597 Intelligence Community Reorganization: Potential Effects on DOD Intelligence Agencies, by Richard A. Best, In 14p ........ RL32513 Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) Programs: Issues for Congress, by Richard A. Best, Jr.26p ...- = RL32508 Towa Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea. 6p - RS21782 Kansas Emergency Management and Homeland ‘Security Authorities Summarized, by Keith ‘Alan Bea. 6 p weeee-+ RS21788 Kentucky Emergency Management and Homeland Security Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, Sula P. Richardson, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Warnock. 9D ceveess RESIST Maine Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. ‘Warnock. 6 p » RS21927 Maryland Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, Chery! Ranyon and Kae Mt ‘Wameck. 6 p ‘RS21929 Massachusetts Emergency Management and Homeland Security Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea. 7 p « RL32325 ‘Michigan Emergency Management and Homeland Security Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. ‘Warnock. 8 p - RL32326 Minnesota Emergency Management and Homeland Security Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, Sula P. Richardson, L Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Warnock. 10... f - RL32327 Mississippi Emergency Management and Homeland Security Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. ‘Warnock. 9p RL32316 Missouri Emergency Management and Homeland Security Authorities Summarized, by Keith ‘Alan Bea, Sula P. Richardson, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Warnock. 6p. RL32318Montana Emergency Management and Homeland Security Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea L. Cher Runyon and Kae M. Wamock. 9p ~ RL32319 ‘The Multi-State Anti-Terrorism Information Exchange (MATRIX) Pilot Project, by William I-Krouse, Jr 1p --- RL32536 Nebraska Emergency Management and Homeland ‘Security Authorities Summarized, by Keith ‘Alan Bea, Sula P. Richardson, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Wamock. 6 p . RS21789 ‘Nevada Emergency Management and Homeland Security Authorities Summarized, by Keith ‘Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Warnock. 7p .eeeseeeeeeeeee+s RES2320 ‘New Hampshire Emergency Management and ‘Homeland Security Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, Shawn P. Reese, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Warnock. 6p . RS21790 ‘New Jersey Emergency Management and Homeland, ‘Security Authorities Summarized, by Keith ‘Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Wamock. 5p +. + RS21793 New Mexico Emergency Management and Homeland Security Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M, Warnock. 5p... +-+ RS21792 New York Emergency Management and Homeland. Security Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea.7p .--- + weees RLS2332 North Carolina Emergency Management and Voomeland Security Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Warnock. 6 ps... RS21797 North Dakota Emergency Management and Homeland Security Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bet. Cher Runyon and Kae M. Warnock. 6p». RS21798 Nuclear Terrorism: A Brief Review of Threats tnd Responses, by Jonathan E Medal 16p + RL32595 Office for Domestic Preparedness Grants for FY 200d: State Allocation Fact Sheet, by Shavn P. Reese. 7 p 821677 Ohio Emergency Management and Homeland Security Authorities Summarized, by Keith ‘Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Warnock. 6p =. cess RS21796 (Oklahoma Emergency Management and Homeland ‘Security Authorities Summarized, by Keith ‘Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Warnock. 7p --seee++ RL32329 63 ‘Oregon Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Kei Alan Be, L. Chery Rumyon and Kae M. Warnock. 7p « - RL32328 Overview ct Components of the National Response Hn ad Selected Tea yet Al Be, 6p ceeee RS2U697 Pennsylvania Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities ‘Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, Cher Runyon and Kae M. Warnock. 10 creas veeee RLS2330 ‘The Position of Director of National Intelligence: Issues fer Congress, by Aled Cumming. 26D sous - RL32506 Project BioShield: Legaative History and Side-by- ‘Side Comparison of LR. 2122, S. 15, and S. 1504, by Eric Fischer and Frank Goutron. 112p . teeeevees RUS2549 Project BioShield: Side by Side Comparison of House- and Senate-Passed Versions, by Frank Goutron and Eric Fischer. 57p... RL32416 Proposals for Intelligence Reorganization, 196-2004, by Richard A. Bow, Bs 4p. « RL32500 Public Safety Communications: Policy, Proposals, meetin deme 37p. : ~ RL32594 Puerto Rico Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by 1th Sess, 1 Chang Regan se, Warnock. 6p «++ ~ RS21926 ‘A Retum to Private Security Screening at Airports?: ‘Background and Issues Regarding the Opt-Out Provision of the Aviation and Transportation Seearity Act ty Bartholenew His 34p . Rhode Island rae Management and ‘Homeland Security Statutory Authorities, by Keith Alan Bea, Cheryl Runyon and Ke ‘Warnock. 6 p RS21873 Risk Management and Critical Infrasractore Protection: Assessing, Integrating, and Managing Threats, Vulnerabilities and Ganseaueces yn. Mate AP veers vovves RLB2S61 Selecied Federal Homeland Security Assistance Progra: A Summary, by Shan P, Rese. GD scans ene verses RES2348 Sensitive Security Information and Transportation Security: Issues and Congressional Options, by Mitchel A. Sollenberger. 15 p ... RLS2025 RL32383Sensitive Security Information (SSD and “Transportation Security: Background and Controversies, by Mitchel A. Sollenberger: 6p feceses RS2IT2T Side-by-Side Comparison of 9/11 Commission Intelligence Reforms and Legislative Proposals, by Allred Cumming. 34 p RL32524 South Carolina Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities ‘Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Warnock. 7p . RL32434 South Dakota Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Warnock. 7» RL32435 State Homeland Security Grant Program: Hypothetical Distribution Patterns of Risk-Based Formula, by Ben Canada. 40p.. RL32101 ‘Tennessee Emergency Management and Homeland ‘Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Warnock. 8p vec ceeeeeeeesees RIS2404 ‘Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the Water Infrastructure Sector, by Betsy A. Cody and Claudia Copeland. 11 p ......+.- RL32189 ‘Terrorist Identification, Screening, and Tracking ‘Under Homeland Security Presidential Directive 6, by William J. Krouse, Jr. By ais RL32366 ‘Texas Emergency Management and Homeland ‘Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Wamock. 8 p| RL32403, USA PATRIOT Act Sunset: A Sketch, by Charles Doyle. 6p fees RS21704 USA Patriot Act Sunset: Provisions That Expire on December 3,200, by Chae Dk. 19p. - RL32186 ‘The US. Contract Security Guard Industry: an Introduction to Services and Firms, by Paul W. Parfomak. 9p. » RL32523 US. International Borders: Brief Facts, by Marilyn L. Nelson and Barbara A. Salazar. SP cceceveceeeeeeeeseseeeees RS2T29 US. Viren Islands Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Warnock. 6 p . » ~ RS21878 US. Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator ‘Technology Program (US-VISIT), by Stephen Vina and Lisa Seghetti.32p ..... RL32234 64 Utah Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Wamock. 8p. RL32405 ‘Vermont Emergency Management and Homeland ‘Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Wamock. 6p . ~ RS21940 Virginia Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Warnock. 9p. =. RLS2406 ‘Washington Emergency Management and Homeland. Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Warnock. 6p. . RS21941 West Virginia Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities ‘Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Wamock. 7 p . RL32559 ‘Wisconsin Emergency Management and Homeland Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kee M. Warnock. 6 p RS21879 ‘Wyoming Emergency Management and Homeland ‘Security Statutory Authorities Summarized, by Keith Alan Bea, L. Cheryl Runyon and Kae M. Warnock. 5p... + RS21928, ‘Humanities (Cultural Property: International Conventions and United States Legislation, by Jennifer Elsea and Michael John Garcia. 9p .... RL32351 Immigration 9/11 Commission: Current Legislative Proposals for USS. Immigration Law and Policy, by Michael John Garcia and Ruth Ellen Wasem. 10p - RL32616 Enforcing Immigration Law: The Role of State and Local Law Enforcement, by Stephen Vina and Karma Ester. 28 p - RL32270 ‘Federal Taxation of Aliens Working inthe United States, by Erika Lunder. 6 p RS21732 Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): Background Information and Issues for Congress, by Ruth Ellen Wasem, Tiaji Salaam and Erin Williams. 6 p RS21923, Immigration Consequences of Criminal Activity, by Michael John Garcia and Larry M. Big. 14p. RL32480Immigration: Frequently Asked Questions on The State Criminal Alien Assistance Program (SCAAP), by Karma Estep ... RS21832 Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 108th Congress, by Andorra Bruno, Coordinator. 19 : RL32169 Immigration Reform. Online Video. Video Tape, by ‘Ruth Ellen Wasem MM70063 Inmigration-Related Detention: Current Legislative Issues, by Alison Siskin. I7p -... RL32369 Immigration: Terrorist Grounds for Exclusion of ‘Aliens, by Michael John Garcia and Ruth Ellen Wasem. 12 p ~ RL32564 ‘Monitoring Foreign Students in the United ‘States: The Student and Exchange Visitor Infomation System (SEVIS), by Alison Siskin.7p . a ~ RL32188 State Policies on Immigrant Eligibility for ‘Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), by Ruth Ellen Wasem, 7p. severe RES2363 ‘Summary of State Laws on the Issuance of Driver's Licenses to Aliens, by Alison M. Smith. 19D vee ~ RL32127 ‘Unauthorized Aliens in the United States: Esimates Since 1986, by Rath Hen Wasem, op. ~ RS21938 ‘The UN. Convention loom: Torture: Overview of US. Implementation Policy Concerning the Removal of Aliens, by Michael John Garcia. 19D verve « RL32276 USS. Immigration Pali ‘on Permanent Admissions, by Ruth Ellen Wasem. 16 ...... RL32235 US. Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator ‘Technology Program (US-VISIT), by Stephen Vina and Lisa Seghetti 32 p RL32234 Visa Policy: Roles of the Departments of State and Homeland Secor, by Rah Ellen Wasem 1Sp ~ RL32256 Visa Waiver rogram, by Alison Siskin tapisepaesenss - RL32221 Indians Indian Reserved Water Rights: An Overview, by Nathan Brooks. 15 p RL32198 ‘The Indian Trust Fund Litigation: An Overview of Cobalt v Norton, ty Ratha Brocka. 6p ~ RS21738 Major Indian Issues in the 108th Congress. 6p RS21670 ‘Tribal Sovereignty Over Nonmember Indians: United States v. Billy Jo Lara, by Nathan Brooks. 9p... RL32361 United States V. Billy Jo Lara And Tribal Sovereignty Over Nonmember Indians, by ‘Nathan Brooks. 6p. + RS21691 Intellectual Property ‘The Hatch-Waxman Act: Legislative Changes in the 108th Congress Affecting Pharmaceutical Patents, by Wendy H. Schacht and John R. ‘Thomas. 14 p ~ RL32377 Intellectual Property, Computer Software and the ‘Open Source Movement, by John R. Thomas. 1p. RL32268 Patents and Drug Importation, by John R. Thomas. 7p. stesseeees RIS2400 Protecting Noncreative Databases: Bills Before the 108th Congress, by Robin Jeweler. GD simeshs sate RS21662, Restricting Trademark Rights of Cubans: WTO. Decision and Congressional Response, by Margaret Mikyung Lee. 6p ...... RS21764 International Finance Anti-Corruption Standards of the Intemational ener reer ener Bp. ~ RL32374 ‘The Financial Action Task Foree: An Overview, by James K. Jackson. 6p « RS21904 ‘The International Monetary Fund: Future Directions, by Jonathan E, Sanford and Martin A. Weiss. 5p ~ RL32432 ‘The Intemational Monetary Fund: Organization, Functions, and Role in the International Economy, by Martin A. Weiss and Jonathan E. Sanford. 21 p RL32364 International Monetary Fund: Selecting a New ‘Managing Director (2004), by Martin A. Weiss and Jonathan E. Sanford. 6p RS21810 International Remittances: A Primer, by Martin A. Weiss. 6 p RS21910 dg: Pris Chub Det Rel by Matin A. Weise. 6p. : » RS21765 World Bank Activities in the Middle East and North ‘Africa (MENA), by Martin A.Weiss 3p RL32239, World Bank Post-Conflict Aid: Oversight Issues for Congress, by Martin A. Weiss.6p RS21819Internet/Telecom 911 Call Center Legislation: S. 1250 and H.R. 2898, by Linda K. Moore. 22p ......-- RL32126 Broadband over Powerlines: Regulatory and Policy Imes, by Patrica Moloney Flos, 16p. RL32421 Bundling Residential Telephone, Internet, and Video Secs: Iss for Congress, by Charl B. Goldfarb. 24). : ~ RL32232 Cable and Satellite Television Network Tiering sand a la Carte Options for Consumers: Suns fx Cosi, ty Cans Gia 5p. seses RL32398 Cable Television: Background and Overview of Rates and Other Issues for Congress, by Justin Murray. 6p - RS21775 Computer Attack and Cyter Te ‘Terrorism: Vulnerabilities and Policy Issues for Congress, by Clay Wilson. 32p .. ++ RES2U4 Computer Security: A Summary of Selected Federal ‘Laws, Executive Orders, and Presidential Directives, by John D. Motel. 13 pRL32357 ‘The Economic Impact of Cyber-Attacks, by William . Jackson, Mark Jickling, Brian W. Cashell and Baird Wetel. 41 p ... RL32331 Facsimile Advertising Rules Under the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991: Background ab tikes, ete lie. Sp = RS21647 ‘The Federal Communications Commission: Current ‘Structure and its Role in the Changing Telecommunications Landscape, by Patricia Moloney Figliola. 16p .. + RL32589 ‘The Federal Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program: Funding Issues and Activities, by Patricia Moloney Figliola. 12 ... 1B10130 Legal Challenge to the FCC's Media Ownership Rules: An Overview of Prometheus Radio FCC, by Angie Welborn. 8 p ..... RL32460 Legal Issues Related to Prescription Drug Sales on the Internet, by Jody Feder. 6p... RS2I711 ‘Network Centric Warfare: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress, by Clay Wilson. 85 piety ~ RL3211 Private Righs of Action andthe Wiretap Act The “DirecTV” Litigation, by Todd B. Taielman. Sp lyase RS21912 Regulation of Broadcast Indecency: Background and Legal Analysis, by Henry Cohen and Angie Welborn. 26 p RL32222 Satelite Television: Reauthorization of the Satellite Home Viewer Improvement Act (SHVIA) — Backgromd ae Key ase, by Maria S Smith. 6p .. - RS21768 ‘Spanish Language Media After the Univision- Hispanic Broadcasting Merger: Brief Overview, by Charles B. Goldfar’. Spleens ve RS21645 Spanish Language Media After the Univision- Hispanic Broadcasting Merger: Issues for Congress, by Charles B. Goldfarb. Bp. cesses RESQUIG Spectrum Policy: Public. satey and Wireless ‘Communications Interference, by Linda K. Moore. 16 p --. +++ + RL32408 Verizon Communications, Inc. v. Trinko: ‘Telecommunications Consumers Cannot Use Antitrust Laws to Remedy Access Violations of Telecommunications Act, by Janice E. Rubin. Spicsetsia - RS21723 Iraq Adequacy of the Army's FY2004 Funding for (pertions a ag, by Amy Belasco ISp oes = RI32381 ‘The Administration's FY2005 Request for $25 Billion for Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan: Precedents, Options, and Eimigestand Action by Siegen nyt Amy Belasco. 39 p ~ RI32422 ‘Administrative Separations for Misconduct: An ‘Alternative or Companion to Military CoursMail by Este 1 Velez Polak 6p. ++ RS21849 Assistance to 1 Afghan and Iragi Women: Issues for Congress, by Rhoda Margesson and Febe Armanios. 6p ~ RS21865 ‘The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA): Origin, Characteristics, and Institutional Authorities, by Blaine Halchin. 36p ....... RL32370 ‘The Cost of Operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Enbanced Seu, by Amy Beato. 6p » RS21644 Iraq and Al Queda: Allies or Not?, by Kenneth B. Katzman. 11 p « 1RL32217 Iraq Coalition: Public Opinion Indicators in Selec European Counties, by Jali Kim. 6p acer RS21794 Tag: Former Regime Weapons Programs, Human Rights Violations, and U.S. Policy, by Kenneth B. Katzman. 20p RL32379Iraq: Frequently Asked Questions About Caen, yeaa Raa, 2p. = RL32229 ‘The Iraq Marshes: Restoration Activites, by Kyna Powers. 8D ...+. ceees RIB2A33 Jong Pui Club Debt Ral, by Marin A. Ween. 6D cree + RS21765 ‘Iraq Reconstruction. Online Video. Video Tape, by (Curt Tarnoff and L. Elaine Halchin MM70062 Iraq: Transition and US. Policy. Online Video. Video Tape, by Curt Tamoff and Steve Bowman . ceeees MMT007L Iragg Transition to Sovereignty, by Kenneth B. Katzman and Jennifer Elsea. 6p .. RS21820 Islam: Sunnis and Shiites, by Christopher Blanchard. 6p ..++.+ ‘RS21745 Japan’s Self-Defense Forces in Iraq: Motivations, Constraints, and Implications for U.S.-Japan iene Cangas. Speak sevess RS218IO Military Courts-Martial: An Overview, by Estela I. Velez Pollack. 6 p ~ RS21850 Options for Trying Saddam Hussein for International, Crimes, by Jennifer Elsea. 6p .... RS2170S Post-Combat Capabilities: Possible Lessons for Iraq. Online Video. Video Tape, by Nina Serafino ‘ MM70074 Post-War Iraq: A Table and Chronology of Jet Gantanions, br cer Me os Isp. : RL32105 Private Security Contractors Background, Legal Status, and Other Issues, by Nina Serafino and Jennifer Elsea. 17 p .. RL32419 Rebuilding the Iragi Media: Issues for Congress, by Jeremy M. Sharp. 6 p + RS21681 US. Etsy ining by Susan Eptin, 6D eevee - RS21867 US. Imeligence and Plicymaking: The Tag Experience, by Richa A. Bes, J 6p : - RS21696 USS. Treatment of Prisoners in Iraq: Selected Legal Issues, by Jennifer Elsea. 18 p .... RL3239S Women in Iraq: Background and Issues for U.S. Policy, by Febe Armanios. 14p ... RL32376 Sustice 9111 Commission Recommendations: A Civil Liberties Oversight Board, by Harold C. Relyea. 6 p RS21906 67 Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts: History, Operations, and Current Issues, by Mitchel A. Sollenberger. 6p. ~ RS21847 Administrative Separations for Misconduct: ‘An Alternative or Companion to Military Gouna, by Esl L Vele Palak OD ceveeeeevetseeeserecseeee RS2B9 ‘The Advancing Justice Through DNA Technology ‘Act of 2003 (H.R. 3214: A Section-by- Section Analysis, by Bstla I. Velez Pollack. 15p RL32469 ‘The Alien Tort Statute: Legislative History and Executive Branch Views, by Jennifer Elsea. 35p ve + RL3218 ‘Andean Counterdrug Initiative (ACD and Related Funding Programs: FY 2005 Assistance, by Connie Veillete. 31 p .. - RL32337 Appropriations for FY2005: Commerce, Justice, ‘State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies, by Ian F, Fergusson and Susan B. Epstein. SAD se nerea ea 000 + RL32309 ‘Asbestos Litigation: Prospects for Legislative Resolution, by Edward B. Rappapor. Bp. RL32286 Capital Punishment: Summary of Supreme Court Decisions of the 2003-2004 Term, by Paul S. Wallace, Jr.6p + ++e+++ = RS21909 Colombia: Issues for Congress, by Connie Veilleue. 25p : ++ RL32250 Confrontation Clause Reshaped: Crawford v. ‘Washington, by Estela I. Velez Pollack. 6p. + RS21888 Diplomatic Immunity: History and Overview, by ‘Michael John Garcia. 5 p = RS21672 DNA Testing for Law Enforcement: Legislative Issues for Congress, by Cindy Fill, IGP veeeseesseeeesseeseeeees RIS2OAT Drug Trafficking and North Korea: Issues for US. Policy, by Raphael Perl. 13 p ..... RL32167 ‘The Effect of State-Legalized Same-Sex Marriage 6 Social Security Benefits and Pensions, by Patrick Purcell and Laura Heltzel 5p. RS21897 Enforcing Tnunigaion L Law: The Role of State and Local Law Enforcement, by Stephen Vina and Karma Ester. 28 p .... RL32270 Fairness in Asbestos Injury Resolution Act of 2004 €S.2090, 18th Congres, by Henry Coben, op. cesses RS2ISIS| ‘The FBI: Past, Present, and Future, by William J. Krouse, Jr. and Todd Masse. 46 p . RL32095Federal Advertsing Law: An Overvion, by Henry Cohen. 8p . teeeees RLSQ77 Federal Pal Cranes for Pisones, by Charmaine Jackson. 3p seees RS2I78S er Peles by ee, 1p. + RL32380 Female Genital Moston (FM Background Information and Issues for Congress, by Ruth Ellen Wasem, Tiaji Salaam and Erin Williams. 6p... » RS21923 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: A vest Overview, by Michael V. Seitzinger. 6p « RS21925 FTAIA Limits Availability of U. S. Courts to Foreign Antitrust Plaintfis: F. Hoffman- LaRoche Li, v.Empagan, S.A. by Janice B Rubin. Sp. weve RS2U877 Genetic Testing: Scientific Background and Nondiscrimination Legislation, by Michele Schoonmaker and Erin Williams, 46 ‘RL32478 Genocide: Legal Precedent Surounding he Definition of the Crime, by Michael Join Garcia and Judith Derenzo. 26p. - RL32605 “Good Samaritan” Tort Reform: Three House Bills, by Henry Cohen. 4 p : RS21933 Gun Control: Proposals to Regulate Gun Shows, by TJ. Halstead and William J. Krouse, Jr. 19p RL32249 Holocaust-era Insurance Claims: Federal Court Decisions and State Statutes and Federal Legislative Proposals, by Douglas Reid ‘Weimer and Janice E. Rubin. 18 p . RL32448 ict Drugs and the ‘Terrorist Threat: Causal Links and Implications for Domestic Drug Control Policy, by Mark A.R. Kleiman. 20p. ~ RL32334 Immigration Cenequenes f Criminal Activity by Michael Jn Garcia and Larry M. Big 1p weve RL32480 Immigration: Frequently Asked Questions on The State Criminal Alien Assistance Program (SCAAP), by Karma Ester. 5p... RS21832 Immigration-Related Detention: Current Legislative Issues, by Alison Siskin. 17 p RL32369 ‘The Indian Trust Fund Litigation: An Overview of Cobelt Norton, ty Nathan Brooks, op. RS21738 Intelligence Identities Protection Act, by Elizabeth B. Bazan. 5p ........- RS21636 68 International Law and Agreements: Their Effect ‘Upon US. Law, by Michael John Garcia and Arthur Traldi. 12. « RL32528 Jdge, Jury and Sentencing Guidelines: Their Respective Roles Following the Supreme Court's Decision in Blakely v. Washington, by Charies Doyle. 6 p cesses RS2IB76 Lawfulness of Interrogation Techniques under the Geneva Conventions, by Jennifer Elsea 36p -. RL32567 Lawsuit Abuse Reduction Act of 2004, by Beary Coben and Kenneth R, Thor, Sp. RS21931 ‘The Legal Services Coporntion Distribution of Funding, by Carmen D. Solomon-Fears. op ceveees RLSMSL Military Couris-Martial: An Overview, by Estela I Velez Pollack.6p .... RS21850 ‘Miranda Reconsidered: Supreme Court Review of Miranda Rights in United States v. Patane Missouri v. Seibert, and Fellers v. United States, by Estela I. Velez Pollack. 10D eeeeeeee - RL32224 ‘The NCAA and Due Process: Legal Issues, by ‘Nathan Brooks. 10p - + RL32529 Options for Trying Saddam Hussein for peel Fi ne a, Grater tens - RS21705 Racial Profiling: Issues and Federal Legslaive Proposals and Options, by Garrine P. Laney. DG pees heen RL32231 Selected Products Liability Issues: A Fifly-State Survey, by Nathan Brooks and Cassandra Foley. 24 p RL32560 Semiautomatic Assault Weapons Ban, by William J Krouse, Jt.29p se eeeeeeeeeee RES2SR5 Sexual Harassment, Constructive Discharge, and Employers’ Affirmative Defenses: The US. ‘Supreme Court Decision in Pennsylvania SutePliev. Sader, by Cartes V, Dale op. =» RS21702 A Skeich of Supreme Court Recognition of Fifth ‘Amendment Protection for Acts of Production, by Charles Doyle. 6 p -. RS21701 ‘Standards For Retroactive Application Based Upon Groundbreaking Supreme Court Decisions in Ceiminal Law, by Pal S. Wallace, 10p - RL32613| State Election Laws: Overview of Statutes Regarding Emergency Election Postponement Within the State, by L. Paige Whitaker. 6p... RS21942‘The Supreme Court Accepts Six Environmental Cases In 2003-2004 Term, by Robert Meltz. Ope. ++ RS21669 ‘The Supreme Court and Detainees in the War on ‘Terrorism: Summary and Analysis of Recent Decisions, by Jennifer Elsea. 6p .. RS21884 ‘Supreme Court Opinions: October 2003 Term, by George A. Costello. 47 - - RIS2512 ‘Supreme Court Recognition of Fifth Amendment Protein for Act of Production, by Cares Doyle. 9p... veeres REB2I84 ‘Supreme Court Review: 2003-2004 Term. Online ‘Video. Video Tape, by Ken Thomas and Johnny Killian ..- =. » MM70073 Survey of Federal Laws and Regulations Mandating ‘Affirmative Action Goals, Set-asides, or Other Preference Based on Race, Gender, or Ethnicity, by Charles V. Dale and Cassandra Foley. 30 severe RUS2568 ‘Transnational Organized Crime: U.S. Policy, Programs, and Related Issues, by Tarana Zaheed.17p RL32190 ‘The UN. Convention Against Torture: Overview of US. Implementation Policy Concerning the Sera oom i eee ae 19D ses sv - RL32276 United States Senencng Guidelines After Blakely: Booker and Fanfan— A Sketch, by Charles Doyle. 6p + RS21932 United States Sentencing Guidelines and the Supreme Court: Booker, Fanfan, Blakely, Apprendi, and Mire, by Charles Dove, WB pias haart RL32573 USS. District and Circuit Court Nominations: A Diagram of Customary Procedures, by Mitchel A. Sollenberger. 4p «+--+ RS21735 Verizon Communications, Ine. v. Trinko: ‘Telecommunications Consumers Cannot Use Antitrust Laws to Remedy Access Violations of ‘Telecommunications Act, by Janice E. Rubin. SP cveseeeevsees seees RS2723 Victims of Crime Compensation and Assistance: kyo a anc, gs A WoL op " sees RUB2579 Votes Other Than Favorably on Judicial Nominations, 1939-2003, by Mitchel A. Sollenberger. 6 p - RS21734 ‘The Voting Rights Act of 1965, As Amended: Provisions with Expiration Dates of 2007, by Garrine P. Laney and L. Paige Whitaker. OP eee RS21911 ‘War on Drugs: Reauthorization of the Office of ‘National Drug Control Policy, by Mark A. Eddy. 19D sees eeeeeeeeeeeeees RESZ352 Labor Appropriations for FY2005: Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, by Paul M. Irwin. 41 p. ceeeess RIS2303 Asbestos Litigation: Prospects for Legislative Resolution, by Edward B.Reppepr. 3p - RL32286 ‘A.Changing Natural Rate of a Policy Issues, by Mare Labonte. 15p ceees RLB2274 CClarett v. National Football on and the Nonstatutory Labor Exemption in Antitrust Suits, by Nathan Brooks. 6p ..... RS21869 Disparate Impact Analysis and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act: Supreme ‘Court Review of Smith v. City of Jackson, by Charles V. Dale. 6p. + RS21836 ‘The Employee Free Choice Act, by Jon O. ‘Shimabukuro. Sp. ceees RS21887 ‘The Fair Labor Standards Act: Defining “Professional” for Overtime Pay Purposes Under Section 13(a)(1), by William G. Whittaker. 28 p ...csceeeceeee+ RL32323 ‘The Fair Labor Standards Act: Overtime Pay ecmaichie 0 Diegr, t Whittaker. 31 p - RL32215 Faimess in Asbestos Injury Resolution Act of 2004 {S. 2290, 108th Congres by Henry Cohen, 6p. = RS21815 Final Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Rules on Retiree Health Plans and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, by Charles V. Dale. 5 p RS21845, Foreign Outsourcing: Economic Implications ‘and Policy Responses, by Craig K. Elwell. 24p RL32484 Sob Lass Cases and Petey options, by Mare Labonte. 17 p seve, RESDIO4 ‘Manufacturing Output, Productivity and Employment: Implications for U.S. Policy, by Stephen Cooney, Coordinator. op RL32179 Minimam Wage, Overtime Pay, and Child Labor: Inventory of Proposals in the 108th Congress to Amend the Fair Labor Standards Act, by William G. Whittaker. 11 p ...... RL32353Offshoring (a.k.a. Offshore Outsourcing) and Job Insecurity Among U.S. Workers, by Linda Levine. 20 p RL32292 OSHA Penalties: Proposed Reforms of Appeal Proostures by Edward B, Rappaport 3p ge ~ RS21843 Outsourcing and Insourcing Jobs inthe U.S. Economy: An Overview of Evidence Based on Foreign Investment Data, by Tames K. Jackson. 6p +... RS21883 ‘Outsourcing and Insourcing Jobs in the U.S. Economy Evidenoe Based on Foreign Investment Dat, by James Jackson, 38p ceseeresees RES2A6L Overtime Pay: The Department of Labor Initiative ‘and Congressional Response (2003-2004), by William G. Whittaker. 6p ....... RS21946 Productivity and Wages, by Brian W. Cashell ip ~ RL32563 ‘The Quality of New Jobs From the 1990s Through une 2004, by Mate Labonte and Linda Levine. 21 p . RL32576 ‘Self-Employment as a Contributor to Job Growth ‘and as an Alternative Work Arrangement, by Linda Levine. 17 p ~ RL32387 Sexual Harassment, Constructive Discharge, and Employers” Affirmative Defenses: The U. ‘Supreme Court Decision in Pennsylvania Site Paice v. Sure, by Chics V. Dale, 6p. + RS21702 ‘Taxes and Offshore Eldeneiy by David L. Brumbaugh. 16 p - RL32587 Unemployment Compensation (UCYUnemployment Insurance (UD: Trends and Contributing Factors in UC Benefit Exhaustion, by Julie Whittaker. 11 p ......0.eesee. RES2UM Union Membership Trends in the United States, by Gerald E. Mayer. 36 p RL32553 ‘The “White-Collar” Exemptions to Overtime Pay Under Current and Proposed Regulations ‘a Economic Analy by Gerald E Maye. Apa iisemuis RL32349 Privacy Analysis of S. 1709, 108th Congress: the Security and Freedom Ensured Act of 2003 (SAFE Ac), by Estela I. Velez Pollack. 5p RS21743 Financial Services Industry Outsourcing and Enforcement of Privacy Laws, by Angie Welbon and M. Maureen Murphy. 6p RS21809 70 Genetic Testing: Scientific Background and ‘Nondiscrimination Legislation, by Michele Schoonmaker and Erin Williams. 6p. i see» RLSA78, Privacy: Key Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission, by Gina Marie Stevens and Harold C. Relyea. 6 p RS21915 Privacy Protection: Mandating New Arrangements to Implement and Assess Federal Privacy Policy and Prac, by Harold C. Relea Sp. sees RS2U8SI USA PATRIOT Act Sunset: A Sketch, by Charles Doyle. 6p .. RS21704 USA Patriot Act Sunset: Provisions That Expire on December 31,2005 by Chases Doyle, 19p. « RL32186 Religion Islamic Religious Schools, Madrasas: ‘Background, by Christopher Blanchard. op. ~ RS21654 Islam in South and Southeast Asia, by Bruce ‘Vaughn. 6 p + RS21903 Islam: Sunni and Shits, by Chet wopber Blanchard. 6 p RS21745 Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons ‘Act of 2000 (RLUIPA): An Overview, by Jessica Shahady. 8p -...++++++. RLI2514 Retirement Final Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Rules on Retiree Health Plans and the Age Discrimination in Employment AG, by Charis V. Dale Sp Hat RS21845 HLR. 3108: The Pension Funding Equity Act, by Patrick Purcell and Paul J. Graney. 4p. RS21717, Pension Issues Cloud Postal Reform Debate, by Nye Stevens. 13 p ~ RL32346 Proposed Savings Accounts: Economic and Budgetary Eos, by Jane G. Grevelle 2p ae ~ RL32228 ‘The Retirement Savings Tax Credit: A Fact Sheet, by Patrick Purcell. 2p. RS21795 ‘Trucking: The Less-than-Truckload (LTL) Industry and Pension, Safety, and Security Issues, by Alan Robinson. 22 p RL32257Science China's Space Program: An Overview, by Marcia S. Smith. 6 p RS21641 Clinical Trials Reporting and Publication, by Susan ‘Thoul and Erin Williams. 5p .... RS21944 Collaborative R&D and the Cooperative Research and Technology Enhancement (CREATE) Act, by Wendy H. Schacht. 4p ....... RS21882 Federal and Non-Federal Support of University ‘Based Research, by Michael E. Davey. 6p. ‘RS21853, ‘The Federal Networking and Information ‘Technology Research and Development Program: Funding Issues and Activities, by Patricia Moloney Figliola. 12... IB10130 Federal R&D, Drug Discovery, and Pricing: Insights from the NIH-University-Industry Relationship, by Wendy. Schack, 32p wee. ~ RL32324 Faden Research and Development Funding: FY2005, by Michael B, Davey. 16 p IB10129 ‘Hubble Space Telescope: NASA's Decision to ‘Terminate Shuitle Servicing Missions, by Marcia S. Smith and Daniel Morgan. 6p ceveesees RS2N767 Military Role in Space Control: A Primer, by Adolfo J Femandez. 21 p ... RL32602 ‘The National Aeronautics and Space ‘Administration: Overview, FY2005 Budget in Brief, and Key Issues for Congress, by Marcia S. Smith and Daniel Morgan. 6p. RS21744 Sattonstl Kennedy Fishery Funding, by Eugene HL Buck. 6p... wees RS21799 ‘Space Exploration: Overview of President Bush's ‘New Exploration Initiative for NASA, and Key so eee, iio tee 6p ~ RS21720 ‘Space Exploration: Report of the Aldridge Commission on Implementation of President Bush's Exploration Initiative, by Marcia S. Smith. 6 p 7 RS21866 Social Policy Application Process for Seeking 501 (c)(3) Tax-Esempe Status by Enka Landes, 4p + RS21892 Cash and Noncash Benefits for Persons with Limited Income: Eligibility Rules, Recipient and Expenditure Data, FY2000-FY2002, by Vee Burke. 242 p RL32233 n Charitable Choice: Expansion by Executive Action, by Vee Burke. 5 p RS21924 Charitable Choice: Legal and Constitutional Issues, by Angie Welborn. 21 p RL32195 Child Care and Child Welfare: Background Checks, by Kendall Swenson. 12p RL32430 Child Care Reauthorization: A Side-by-Side ‘Comparison of Child Care Provisions in House and Senate Versions of H.R. 4, S. 880, and Current Law, by Melinda Gish. 21 p RI32241 Child Support Enforcement: Side-by-Side Comparison of Current Law and Two Versions GEHL 4, by Carmen D Solomon Fears Bp eevee RL32258, Child Welfare: The Adoption Incentives Program, by Kendall Swenson. 13 p ~- RL32296 ‘The Compassion Capital Fund: Brief Facts, by Vee Burke, 2p... coseee RS21844 ‘The Department of Housing and Urban Development: FY2005 Budget, by Bruce E. Foote, Maggie McCarty, Eugene P. Boyd and E, Richard Bourdon, 23p ....... RL32443 ‘The Effect of State-Legalized Same-Sex Marriage ‘on Social Security Benefits and Pensions, bby Patrick Purcell and Laura Haltzel, Sp. ~ RS21897 Hague Conventin on Intercountry Adoption: Status, and Recent Developments, by Douglas Reid ‘Weimer. 5 p - RS21671 HOPE VI: Background, Funding, and Issues in the 1 Congres, by Magpie McCarty. 18D sennts cess RL32236 Housing Assistance and Welfare: Background and Issues, by Maggie McCarty. 16 p .. RL32104 ‘Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention: Summary of | Federal Mandates and Financial Assistance for Reducing Hazards in Housing, by Linds-Jo Schierow. 5p... RS21688 ‘The Legal Services Corporation: Distribution of Finding, by Carmen D, Solomon Fes So ener aa RL32451 Older Americans Act: Hisory ‘of Appropriations, FYIS66-FY2004, ty Carol V.O'Shaughneny 1Sp + RL32437 ‘An Overview of the Section 8 Housing Program, by Maggie McCarty. 11 p ... RL32284 Primer on Disability Benefits: Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income, by Laura Haltzel Spe. i RL32279,Social Security: Calculation snd History of Taxing Benefits, by Christine Scott. 19 p .. RL325S2 ‘Social Security: The Government Pension Offset (GPO), by Laura Haltzel. 16 p .... RL32453 Social Security: The Public Servant Retirement Protection Act (H.R. 4391/S. 2455), by Laura Haltzel. 21... . RL32477 ‘Social Service Provisions in the CARE Act and the si Gig Wate, 4p ‘State Policies on a Eig for ‘Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), by Ruth Ellen Wasem. 17 p RL32363 ‘TANF Cash Benefits as of January 1, 2004, by Gene Falk, Vee Burke and Meredith Walters. 3p + RL32598 ‘TANF Reauthorization: Side-By-Side Comparison of Current Law and Two Versions of LR. 4, by Gene Falk and Vee Burke. 46 p ... RLS2210 ‘Tax Credits for Individual Development Accounts, by Christine Scott. 4p. RS21813 ‘Temporary Assistance for Needy Families and Vocational Education: Policy and Practice, bby Gene Falk and Rebecca Skinner. ASD eeeeee - RS2I713 | RL32505 Sports Athens Olympics 2004: U.S. Government Involvement in Security Preparations, by L. Elaine Halchin. 14p ..........- RL32497 ‘Clarest v. National Football League and the ‘Nonstatutory Labor Exemption in Antitrust Suits, by Nathan Brooks... RS21869 Federal Regulation of Boxing: Current Law and an Overview of Proposed Legislation in the 108th Congress, by Nathan Brooks. 12,p . RL32280 Greece: Threat of Terrorism and Security a2she Oi ypc, by Carl Migcalovin op. RS21833 United States Olympic Committee Reform: An Overview of Proposed Legislation, by Nathan Brooks. Ip. : RL32208 Tas ‘The Administration's FY2005 Tax Proposals, by Pamela Jackson. 6 p - RS21755 ‘The Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT): Income Eniry Poinis and “Take Back” Effects, by Gregg A. Esenwein. 6p .. RS21817 nR Anti-Tax-Shelter and Other Revenue-Raising Tax Proposals, by Jane G. Gravelle. 19 p RL32193 Application Process for Seeking 501(c)(3) Tax- Exempt Status, by Erika Lunder. 4p RS21892 ‘The Black Lung Excise Tax on Coal, by Salvatore Lazzari. 6p... seers RS21935 Capital Income Tax Revisions and Effective Tax Rates, by Jane G. Gravelle. 17 p .. RL32099 ‘Tene pion Le Dieses Feta - RS21860 ‘Comparison of Tax Incentives for Domestic ‘Manufacturing in Current Lezislative Proposals, by Jane G. Gravelle. 10 p RL32103 Comparison of the House and Senate ETI/Business Investment Bills (HLR. 4520 and S. 1637, 108th Congress), by David L. Brumbaugh. Tp ceees RUS2G4 Distributional Effects of Taxes on Corporate Profits, Investment Income, and Estates, by Jane G. Gravelle. 21 p ce - RL32517 Education Tax Benefits: Are They Permanent or ‘Temporary?, by Linda Levine. 6 p . RS21870 xablising A Heath Saving Acc, by Fanos F Larkins. 3p . + RS21825 European Trade Retaliation: The FSC-ETI Case, by ‘Raymond J. Ahearn. 6 p - RS21742 Expired and Expiring Energy Tax Incentives, by Salvatore Lazzari. 12 p =. RL32265, Federal Individual Income Tax Thresholds for 2004, by Gregg A. Esenwein RS21841 Federal Taxation of Aliens Working in the United States, by Erika Lunder. 6p ..... RS21732 ‘The Flat Tax, Value-Added Tax, and National Retail Sales Tax: Overview of the Issues, by lane . Grvelle and Greg A. Esenvcin, QD eee = RL32603 Foreign Investment and Tax Incentives: Analysis of Current Law and Legislative Proposals, by David L. Brumbaugh. 18 p RL32429 LR. 3108: The Pension Funding Equity Act, by Patrick Purcell and Paul J. Graney. 4p eee ~ RS21717 H.R, 4840, Tax Simplification for America’s Job Creators Act of 2004, and HLR. 4841, Tax ‘Simplification for Americans Act of 2004, by Erika Lunder. 2p ~ RS21891 Higher Education Tax Credits: An Economic Analysis, by Pamela Jackson. 26 p . RL32S07Historical Effective Marginal Tax Rates on Capital Income, by Jane G. Gravelle. 6 p .. RS21706 IRS Guidelines for Political Advocacy by Exempt 501 (c) Organizations: Revenue Ruling 2004-6, bby Erika Lunder. 3 p sees RS2IDS Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act: Provisions Expiring in 2004, by Gregg A. Esenwein. 5 p RS21708 List of Temporary Tax Provisions: “Extenders” Expiring in 2004, by Pamela Jackson. 2p.. RS21830 List of Temporary Tax Provisions: “Extenders” that Expire in 2008, by Pala Jackson, 2D ceeveceees weeeeees RS21829 Maiary Family Tax Relief Act of 200, by Erika Lunder. 4p ‘i RS21683, ‘An Overview of Tax Benefits for Higher Education Expenses, by Pamela Jackson. 23 p RIL32554 Overview of the 2004 Corporate Tax Proposals: Revenue Effects, by Jane G. Gravelle. SP eee : RS21885 Recent House Legislation Extending Selected Provisions of the 2001 and 2003 Tax Cuts, by Gregg A. Esenwein. 6 p + RS21863 ‘The Retirement Savings Tax Credit: A Fact Sheet, by Patrick Purcell. 2p. ~ RS21795 ‘Small Business Tax Benefits: Overview and ‘Economic Analysis, by Gary L. Guenther. 21p : RL32254 ‘Small Business Tax Preferences: Legislative ‘Proposals in the 108th Congress, by Gary L Guenther.8p .... ~ RL32275 ‘Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV) Tax Preferences: Tnses for Congress, by Gary. Guenter, 4p ~ RL32173 ‘State and Local Sales Tax Deductibility: Proposed Legislation, by Pamela Jackson and Steven R. ‘Maguire. 13 p ~ RL32455 State Corporate Income Taxes: A Description and Anu ty Steven R Maguire 14p RL32297 ‘Taxation of Life Insurance Companies, by Andrew D. Pike. 19 p ceeeees RES2I80 ‘Tax Credits for Individual Development Accounts, bby Christine Scot. 4p . ~ RS21813 ‘The Tax Deduction for Classroom Expenses of Elementary and Secondary School Teachers, by Linda Levine. 6 p RS21682 Taxes and Offshore Outsourcing, by David L. Brumbaugh. 16 p RL32587 B ‘Tax Exemption for Repatriated Foreign Eamings: Proposal and Atay ty Ded L Brumbaugh. 8 p .- cesses RUSU2S ‘Tax Expenditures Compared with Outlays by Budget Function: Fact Sheet, by Nonna A. Noto. 2p RS21710, ‘Tax Implications of SILOs, QTEs, and Other Leasing Transactions with Tax-Exempt Entities, by Maxim Shvedov. 16 p . RL32479 ‘Tax Issues in Litigation: Treatment of Judgment ‘and Settlement Payments and Deductiility of Legal Expenses, by Bika Lander. OD. 1RL32253 ‘Temporary Tax Provisions cEuenian) Expired in 2003, by Pamela Jackson. 24p ... RL32367 ‘Temporary Tax Provisions (“Extenders”) Expiring. in 2004, by Pamela Jackson. 15 p. RL32439 ‘Transaction Tax: General Overview, by Maxim Shvedov.12p .... RL32266 ‘What Effects Have the Recent Tax Cuts Had on the Economy?, by Marc Labonte. 30 p . RL32502 ‘Terrorism & 9/11 Commission ‘The 9/11 Commission and a National Counterterrorism Center: Issues and Options for Congress, by Todd Masse. 27 p RL32558 9/11 Commission: Current Legislative Proposals for US. Immigration Law and Policy, by Michael John Garcia and Ruth Ellen Wasem. 10D RL32616 9/11 Commission Recommendations: A Civil Liberties Oversight Board, by Harold C. Relyea. 6 p ceeee RS21906 9/11 Commission Recommendations: Changes to the Presidential Appointment and Presidential eee re ee Bp. ‘ RL32588, 9/11 Commission Recommendations: Intelligence Budget, by Thomas Joseph Nica 2p. i 9/11 Commission Recommendations: Joint ‘Committee on Atomic Energy~ A Model for Congressional Oversight? by Christopher M. Davis. 36p ~ RL32538 11 Commission Recommendations: New Structures and Organization, by Harold C. Relyea. 19 p RI32501 9111 Commission Recommendations: The Senate Confirmation Provess for Presidential Nominees, by Betsy Palmer. 27 p . RL32609 RL325519/11 Terrorism: Global Economic Costs, by Dick K. Nanto. 6p .. + RS21937 Afghanistan and Pakistan: Briefing on a CRS Staff Visit. Online Video. Video Tape, by Rhoda Margesson MM70064 Afghanistan: Presidential and Parliamentary Elections, by Kenneth B. Katzman. 6p “Analysis of S. 1709, 108th Congress the ‘Security and Freedom Ensured Act of 2003 pay ta Woes Data SP eevee = RS21743 Assistance to Afghan and Iragi Women: Issues for Congress, by Rhoda Margesson and Febe Armanios. 6p... RS21865 ‘Athens Olympics 2004; U.S. Government Involvement in Security Preparations, by L Elaine Halchin. 14 p RL32497 Aviation Security Related Findings and ‘Recommendations ofthe 9/11 Commission, by Bart Elias. 10. RI32541 Biological and Chemical Weapons: Criminal ‘Sanctions and Federal Regulations, by Michael John Garcia. 9p 7RL32220 Biometric Identifiers and Border Security: 9/11 ‘Commission Recommendations and Related Issues, by William J. Krouse, Jr. and Daniel ‘Morgan. 6 p RS21916 Border Security: Inspections Practices, Policies, and ‘Issues, by Ruth Ellen Wasem, Coordinator. OP leceeeeeceeee ~ RL32399 Border Security: Key Agencies and their Missions, by Blas Nufiez-Neto. 6p. RS21899 Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities ‘of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction: Establishment and Composition, by Stephanie Smith. op... ~ RS21758 Comparison of 9/11 Commission Recommended Intelligence Reforms, Roberts Draft Bll, HR. 4104, 8. 190, S. 1520, $. 6, HR. 4584, sod Curent Law, by Aled Cunming 2p. - RL32600 Soon of 9/11 Commission Recommended Intelligence Reforms, S. 2845, S. 2774, HLR. 5024, Administration Proposal, HLR. 10, Current Lav, by Allred Cumming. Bp. RL32601 (Computer Attack and Cyber Terrorism: Vulnerabilities and Policy Issues for Congress, by Clay Wilson. 32 p RES2114 ~ RS21922 4 ‘The Cost of Operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, ud Hnkanosd Seow, by Amy Belo, Gps RS21644 Critical Infrastructure Protections: The 9111 Commision Reps, by ohn D. Moe 7p vee RLBIS31 Cuba and the State Sponsors of Terrorism List, by Mark P. Sullivan, 10 p ~ RV32251 ‘The Department of State's Patterns of Globel ‘Terrorism Report: Trends, State Sponsors, and Related Issues, by Raphael Perl.9 p RL32417 Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendation ofthe 9/11 Commission and Related Issues, by Dana A. Shea and Daniel Morgan. 6p RS21920 Disarming Libya: Weapons of Mass Destruction, by Andrew Feickert and Sharon Squassoni 6p. cevesee RS2823 Expanding Threat Redon and Nonproliferation Programs: Concepts and Definitions, by Amy F. Woolf. 6p ..--..- + RS21840 FBI Intelligence Reform Since Septemier 11, 2001: Issues and Options for Congress, by Todd Masse, Alfred Cumming and William J. Krouse, Jr. 60) ~ RL32336 ‘The Financial Action Task Force: An Overview, by James K, Jackson. 6 p RS21904 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: Selected Legislation from the 108th Congress, by Elizabeth B. Bazan. 14 p RL32608 Foreign Terrorist Organizations, by Audrey Kurth Cronin, Benjamin Jones, Juda Aden and ‘Adam Frost. 108 p - RL32223, ‘The “FTO List” and Congress: Sanctioning Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations, by Audrey Kurth Cronin. 12 .... RL32120 General Management Laws and the 9/11 Commission's Proposed Office of National Intelligence Director (NID) and National ‘Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), by non. Brass and Cunis W. Copland, SOP. - RL32592 Globalizing Cooperative ‘Threat Reduction: ‘A Survey of Options, by Sharon Squassoni. ; weve RLB2359 Global War on Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy. Online Video. Video Tape, by Audrey Kurth Cronin and Francis T, Miko ..... MM70065 Greece: Threat of Terrorism and Security a Ca Up Aight op... RS21833,House Select Committee on Homeland Security Possible Questions Raised Ifthe Panel Were to Be Reconsttuted as @ Standing Committe, by Judy Schneider. 4 p veees RS21901 Ilicit Drugs and the Terrorist Threat: Causal Links and Implications for Domestic Drug Control Policy, by Mark A.R. Kleiman. 20 p RL32334 Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2008, by Richard F. Grimmett 37p. =» RL32170 Ineligence Community Reorganization: Potent Effects on DOD Intelligence Agencies, by Richard A. Best, Jr. 14. RL32S15 Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) Programs: Issues for Congress, by Richard A, Best, Jr 26p ++ RL32508 International Terrorism in South Asia, by K. Alan Kronstadt. 6D +++. ++ RS21658 Iraq and Al Qaeda: Allies or Not?, by Kenneth B, Katzman. 11 p ... ~- RL32217 Islamic Religious Schools, Madrasas: Background, by Christopher Blanchard. 6p .... RS21684 ‘The Islamic Traditions of Wahhabism and Salafiyya, bby Christopher Blanchard. 6p .... RS21695 Islam in South and Southeast Asia, bye ‘Vaughn. 6 p ~ RS21903 Islam: Sunnis and Shiites, bp chiope Blanchard. 6 p ve RS2I7AS ‘A Joint Committee on Intelligence: Proposals and Options from the 9111 Commission and Others, by Frederick M. Kaiser. 19 p RL32525 Libya: Legislative Basis for U.S. Economic Sanetions ty Dante E. Rennack. 6p - RS21699 Libya: Legislative Basis for U.S. Economic Sanctions, by Dianne E. Rennack. 10p. if RL32604 March 11 Terrorist Attacks in Madrid and Spain’s Elections: Implications for U.S. Policy, by Steven J. Woehtel. 6p... RS21812 ‘Middle East Trade Initiatives: S. 1121/H.R. 2287 ‘and the Administration's Plan, by Mary Jane Bolle. 20p ....+. RL32335 ‘The National Intelligence Director and Intelligence Analysis, by Richard A. Best, Jr. 6 pRS21948 ‘Nuclear Terrorism: A Brief Review of Threats ‘and Responses, by Jonathan E. Medalia. 16p é RL32595 Pakistan's Domestic Political Developments, by K. ‘Alan Kronstadt. 20 p RL2615 5 Passenger Ruil Security: Overview OF Issues, by David Randall Peterman. 6 p ..... RS21893 ‘The Position of Director of National Intelligence: Paani RSE 26D... --- RL32506 Privacy: Key Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission, by Gina Marie Stevens and Harold C. Relyea. 6 p RS21915 Proliferation Security Initiative (PSD, by Sharon Squassoni. 6p ..... ~ RS21881 Proposals for Intelligence Reorganization, 1949-2004, by Retard A. Best 40p - RL32500 Radiological Dispersal Devices: Select Issues in Consequence Management, by Dana A: Shen Spleaaets ~ RS21766 Removing Terrorist Sanctuaries: The 9/11 ‘Commission Recommendations and U.S. Policy, by Francis T. Miko. 25p .. RL32518 ‘Saudi Arabia: Reform and U.S. Policy, by Jeremy M. Sharp. 6p... ceceees RS2913 ‘Saudi Arabia: Terrorist Financing Issues, by Alfred B, Prados, Christopher Blanchard and Audrey Karth Cronin. 24 p ~ RL32499 Secrecy Versus Openness: New Proposed Arrangements for Balancing Competing Needs, by Harold C. Relyea. 6p... RS21895 Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: Term Limits and Assignment Limitations, by Judy Schneider. 5 p 1RS21908 ‘Small-scale Terrorist Attacks Using Chemical ‘and Biological Agents: An Assessment Framework and Preliminary Comparisons, by Frank Gottron and Dana A. Shea. SP veesne rs coves RLI2391 ‘The Supreme Court and Detainees in the War on Terrorism: Summary and Analysis of Recent Decisions, by Jennifer Elsea. 6p .. RS21884 Termin Sou Ads by Bruce Vaughn, 2p. cove RL2259 ‘Terrorism: Key Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission and Recent Major Commissions and Inguiries, by Richard F. Grimmett. 39D RLI519 Terrorist Financing: Current Efforts and Policy heme Geena teers Biprai RL32539 ‘Terrorist Financing: The 9/11 Commission Recommendation, by Martin A. Weiss. 6p 1RS21902‘Terrorist Identification, Screening, and Tracking ‘Under Homeland Security Presidential Directive 6, by William J. Krouse, J. Meena - RL32366 US. Anti-Terror Strategy and the 9/11 Commission. Report, by Raphael Perl. 11p .... RL32522 USA PATRIOT Act Sune: A Sketch, by Cres Doyle. 6 p - RS21704 USA Patriot Act Sunset: Provisions That Expire on Decerber 31,2005, by Charles Dal, 19p ~ RL32186 ‘The US. Intelligence Bodeet Aelia by ‘Stephen Daggett. 6 p - RS2i945 USS. Public Diplomacy: Background and the 9/11 ‘Commission Recommendations, by Susan Epstein. 13 p ji ~ RL32607 US. Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator ‘Technology Program (US-VISIT), by Stephen Vina and Lisa Seghetti. 32p ..... RL32234 Trade ‘The African Coston Initiative and WTO Agriculture Negataions, y Charles. Hanrahan. 1p. RS2712 Agricultural Trade in a U.S.-Central American Free ‘Trade Agreement (CAFTA), by Remy Jurenas. 15p.. vee RLB210 ‘The Agriculture Framework Agreement in the WTO ‘Doha Round, by Chaves. Haarshan, 6p + RS21905 ‘Appropriations for FY2005: Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs, by Lary Nowels. 72) ...s0+see06 RESQ311 Central America and the Dominican Republic in the Context of the Free Trade Agreement (DR- CAFTA) with the United States, by Lenore Sek, Maureen E. Taft-Morales, Mark P. Sullivan and K. Larry Storrs. 65 p . RL32322 China's Exchange Rate Peg: Economic Issues and. Options for U.S. Trade Policy, by Wayne M. Morrison and Mare Labonte. 33 p . RI32165 (Comparison ofthe House and Senate ETUBusiness Investment Bills (H.R. 4520 and S. 1637, JOR Congres by David. Brumbnugh 7 ze R324 ‘The Contract Parity Issue in Ocean Shipping: Background and Context, by Jon Fill 6p RS21769 Ethanol Imports and the Caribbean Basin Initiative, by Brent D. Yacobucci. 6 p RS21930 16 European Trade Retaliation: The FSC-ETI Case, by Raymond J. Ahearn. 6p ........ RS21742 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: A Legal Overview, by Michael V. Seitzinger. 6 p - RS21925 Foreign Investment and Tax Incentives: Analysis of ‘Current Law and Legislative Proposals, by David L. Brumbaugh. 18p ...... RL32429 Foreign Outsourcing: Economic Implications and Policy Responses, by Craig K. Elwell 2p. - RL32484 Foreign Trade Effects of an Alaskan Natural Gas Pipeline, by Robert L. Pirog. 5p .. RS21787 Haitian Textile Industry: Impact of Proposed Trade Asin, by Bemard Gelb +++ RS21839 Importing Prescription Drugs: Objectives, Options, fad Oslo, by Donna U. Vogt and Susan Thaul. 38 p seveeee RESISIL Intemational Capital Flows Following the September 11 Auk: An Update, by James Keon, OP eevee + RS21934 Largest Mergers and Aino by Corperations: 2004, by John Williamson. 5p ... RS21726 ‘Mad Cow Disease and U.S. Beef Trade, by Geoffrey S. Becker and Charles E. Hanrahan, 6p. : = RS21709 Manufacturing Output, Produeivity and Employment: Implications for U.S. ally Ri Cooney, Cents Ip. 7 RL32179 Middle East Trade Initiatives: $. 1121/H.R. 2267 and the Administration’s Plan, by Mary Jane Bolle. 20p . «- RL32335 NAFTA at Ten: Lessons from Recent Studies, by J. F. Hornbeck. 6 p = RS21737 Outsourcing and Insourcing Jobs in the U.S. Economy: An Overview of Evidence Based on Foreign Investment Data, by James K. Jackson. 6 p 1RS21883 Overview of the 2004 Corporate Tax Proposals: Revenue Effet, by ne G, Gravel Sp. - RS21885 Proposed U.S.-Bahrain Free Trade Agreement, by ‘Martin A. Weiss. 6 p ~ RS21846 ‘The Proposed U.S.-Panama Free Trade Agreement, by J. F. Hornteck. 21 p ~ RL32540 Restricting Trademark Rights of Cubans: WTO Decision and Congressional Response, by Margaret Mikyung Lee. ope. severe RS21764‘Safeguards on Teatile and Apparel Imports from China, by Vivian C. Jones. 16 p .. RL32168 Shrimp Trade Dispute: Chronology, by Eugene H. BUG p wees: eve a cs RS21776 ‘Steel: Price and Availability Issues, by Stephen Cooney. 25 p cree RL32333 ‘Taxes and Oifshore Outsourcing, by David L. Brumbaugh. 16 p ....s..-+++++ RLS2587 Trade Agreements. Online Video. Video Tape, by Mary Jane Bolle 'MM7006 ‘Trade Remedies: A Primer, by Vivian C. Jones. 2p. ~ RL32371 ‘Trends in US. Agricultural Expoct Credit Guarantee Programs and P.L. 480, Title I, FY1992- FY2002, by Carol Canada. 16 p ... RL32278 United States” Withdrawal from the World Trade Organization: Legislative Procedure, by RS21918 Vladimir N. Pregelj 6 p ‘The US.-Australia Free Trade Agreemen Provisions and Implications, by Wil Cooper. 219 - ‘ {US-Brail WTO Coton Subsidy Dispute by Randy Schnepf.6p. ....+ - RS2ITIS ‘US.-Braal WTO Caton Subsidy Dispute, ty Randy Schnepf. 15 p RL32571 ‘US.-Canada Wheat Trade Dspise, by Randy Schnepf . ~ RS21707 US Canada Wheat Trade Disp, by Randy Schnepf.13p .. - RL32826 US.-Dominican Republic Free-Trade Agreement, by Lenore Sek.6 p » RS21868 US. Terms of Trade: Significance, Trends, and Policy, by Craig K. Elwell. 12 p ... RL32591 US.“Thailand Free Trade Agreement Negotiations, by Raymond J. Ahearn and Wayne M. Morrison. 21>... e2+e-+.++++ RUS2314 US. Trade Policy and Changing Domestic and Foreign Pores: A Historie! Overview, by Raymond J. Ahearn. 6 p ~ RS21687 The WTO Canon Miniseral, by ln F. Ferguson 6p. é ~ RS21664 WTO Dispute Settlement Stages and Pending US. Activity Before the Dispite Settlement Body, by Todd B. Tatelman.6p .. RS21763 ‘Transportation Air Carrier Citizenship: The Legal Issues Surrounding the Department of 1 ‘Transportation's Inquiry into DHL Airways, Inc., by Todd B. Tatelman. 8p .-. RL32213 Appropriations for FY2005: Transportation, ‘Treasury, Postal Service, Executive Office of the President, General Government, and Related Agencies, by David Randall Peterman and John Frittelli.S7p ... ~ RL32308 Aviation Security-Related Findings and Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission, by Bart Elias. 10p ..... RL32541 Border and Transportation Security: Appropriations for FY 2008, by Jennifer E. Lake and Blas Nuflez-Neto. 34 p seeees RES2566 ‘The Contract Parity Issue in Ocean Shipping: Background and Context, by Jon Frittelli Cheers a ~ RS21769 Cruise Ship Pollution: Background, Laws and Regulations, and Current Issues, by Claudia Copeland. 22 p cecestees RES2ASO Detection of Explosives on Ainline Passengers: Recommendation ofthe 9/11 Commission and Related Issues, by Dana A. Shea and Daniel Morgan. 6p ~ RS21920 ‘The DHL Airways / Astar Air Cargo Controversy and Legislation in the 108th Congress, by ‘Alan M, Robinson. 20 p RL3281 Environmental Provisions in Surface Transportation Reauthorization Legislation: SAFETEA (S. 1072 and TEA-LU GER, 3550) by Linda G. Luther. 16 p ~ RL32454 Federal Railroad Rights of Way, by Pamela Baldwin and Aaron Flynn. 11 p . RL32140 Federal Transportation Funding: Selected Programs Fiscal Years 1994-2004, by John Williamson, 7p ~ RL32472 Highway and Transit Program Reauthorization Legislation in the 2nd Session, 108th, Congress, by John W. Fischer. 66 p RI.32226 Highway Program Equity Guarantee Issues, by Robert Kirk. 34 p RL32409 Intermodal Truck Equipment Safety: Legislation in the 108th Congress, by Alan M. Robinson. 16p RL32378 Motor Carrier Safety: Oversight and Reauthorization Kagel iS Ring 28D = RL32281 Overview of the U.S. Trucking Sector and Survey of Paley. Rela Ees, by Genel 1. Bas 3p : ceeee RLS2491Passenger Rail Security: Overview Of Issues, by David Randall Peterman. 6p ..... RS21893 ‘A Return to Private Security Screening at Airports?: Background and Issues Regarding the Opt-Out Provision of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, by Bartholomew Elias. 34p eee. seveees RIS2383 Safety Belts: Federal Policies, Incentives, and Reauthorization Issues, by Paul F. Rothberg. 2p ~ RL32214 Sensitive Security Information and Transportation ‘Security: Issues and Congressional Options, ty Michel A. Sollenberer 15p. ve RL32428 ‘Sensitive Security Information (SSD) and ‘Transportation Security: Background and Conover by Mitchel A. Sleberet 6p. 1RS21727 B ‘Transportation Conformity Under the Clean Air Act: In Need of Reform?, by James E. McCarthy. 13p RL32106 ‘Trucking: The Less-than-Truckload (LTL) Industry and Pension, Safety, and Security Issues, by Alan Robinson. 22 ...-- 1RL32257 Upper Mississippi River - Ilinois Waterway "Navigation Expansion: An Agricultural ‘Transportation and Environmental Context, by Randy Scnept, Coordinator --+ RL32470 ‘The U.S.-EU “Open Skies” Negotiations Legal Issues Relating to International Civil Aviation, byTodd B. Tatelman. 8p ....... RL32578 Vision 100: An Overview of the Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act (P-L. 108-176), by Rober Kirk and Bartholomew Elias. 17 p . RL32498