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50 Pdfsam Conc

The document discusses the limit state method of structural design. It states that the limit state method is based on a stochastic process where design parameters are determined from observations over time. It uses separate partial safety factors for loads and material strengths based on statistical and probabilistic grounds. These factors for material strengths consider the reliability of concrete and reinforcement preparation. Load factors also account for potential overloading. The stress-strain behavior of structures designed using the limit state method under working and failure loads represents the defined limit states and satisfies strength and stability requirements. Serviceability limit states ensure deflection and cracking remain within limits, making this a more rational and scientific design method.

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17 views

50 Pdfsam Conc

The document discusses the limit state method of structural design. It states that the limit state method is based on a stochastic process where design parameters are determined from observations over time. It uses separate partial safety factors for loads and material strengths based on statistical and probabilistic grounds. These factors for material strengths consider the reliability of concrete and reinforcement preparation. Load factors also account for potential overloading. The stress-strain behavior of structures designed using the limit state method under working and failure loads represents the defined limit states and satisfies strength and stability requirements. Serviceability limit states ensure deflection and cracking remain within limits, making this a more rational and scientific design method.

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needed for bending moments in two directions and torsional reinforcement

wherever needed.

2.3.4 Concluding Remarks


The limit state method is based on a stochastic process where the design
parameters are determined from observations taken over a period of time. The
concept of separate partial safety factors for loads and material strengths are
based on statistical and probabilistic grounds. These partial safety factors for the
material strengths are determined on the basis of reliability of preparations of
concrete and reinforcement. The overloading of structure has been kept in mind
while specifying the partial safety factors of loads.
The stress block of structures or parts of structure designed on the basis
of limit state method subjected to the designed loads or collapse loads
represents the stress-strain diagram at the defined states of collapse and satisfy
the requirements of strength and stability. Simultaneous checking of these
structures or parts of them for the limit state of serviceability ensures the
deflection and cracking to remain within their limits. Thus, this method is more
rational and scientific.

2.3.5 Practice Questions and Problems with Answers


Q.1:

List the common steps of design of structures by any method of design.

A.1:

The four steps are listed in section 2.3.1 under (i) to (iv).

Q.2:

What are limit states?

A.2:

See sec. 2.3.2.1

Q.3:

How many limit states are there? Should a structure be designed following
all the limit states?

A.3:

See sec. 2.3.2.2

Q.4:

Define partial safety factors of load and material. Write the expressions to
determine the design load and design strength of the material from their
respective characteristic values employing the corresponding partial safety
factors.

A.4:

See sec. 2.3.2.3 and Eqs.2.1 and 2.2

Q.5:

What is size effect of concrete? What is its role in determining the material
strength of concrete?
Version 2 CE IIT, Kharagpur

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