Huawei eRAN3.

0
CSFB Feature Introduction

Node B Products of Huawei

www.huawei.co
m

Apr. 2006
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Huawei CSFB Feature Roadmap

Released

CSFB to UTRAN
PS HO
PS redirection

CSFB to GERAN
PS HO
PS redirection
CCO

Flash CSFB to
UTRAN

CSFB to UTRAN
with LAI

Adaptive blind
CSFB

Flash CSFB to
GERAN

CSFB to GERAN
with LAI

CSFB Steering
CSFB with eMPS

CSFB to GERAN
CCO with NACC

CSFB to
CDMA2000 1xRTT

eRAN2.1

eRAN2.2

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eRAN3.0

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Next Evolutions

Planned
Planning

Chapter One Feature Introduction

Architecture and functionalities

Mobile Originating call

Mobile Terminating call

SMS

Emergency call

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CSFB: brief introduction

Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB, 3GPP TS23.272)

Circuit Switched Fallback (CSFB, 3GPP TS23.272)
The CS fallback in EPS enables the provisioning of voice and other
The CS fallback in EPS enables the provisioning of voice and other
CS-domain services (e.g. SMS/ LCS) by reuse of CS infrastructure
CS-domain services (e.g. SMS/ LCS) by reuse of CS infrastructure
when the UE is served by EUTRAN.
when the UE is served by EUTRAN.

This function is only available in case EUTRAN coverage is

This function is only available in case EUTRAN coverage is
overlapped
overlappedby
byeither
eitherGERAN
GERANcoverage
coverageororUTRAN
UTRAN
coverage.
coverage.

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CSFB: Architecture and

functionalities
Need to be R8 ready
Maintaining SGs
association with MME

for the mobility

management and
paging procedures
between EPS and
CS domain.

MSC/VLR
A

GERAN

Gb

Gs
SGSN

Iu-cs

C/D
Gr

UTRAN
Multi-mode G/U/L
CSFB capable
Support of procedures:
Combined EPS/IMSI
Attach, Update, Detach.

HSS/HLR

SGs

Iu-ps
S3

S6a

S12
PCRF

S4

MME

Deriving a VLR number and LAI

from the TAI of the current cell, or
using a default VLR number and
LAI.
Maintaining SGs association with
MSC/VLR for EPS/IMSI Attached
UE
Triggering paging to eNodeB
(when MSC-S pages the UE)
Initiating IMSI Detach at EPS
Detach

S11

S5

SGi

S1-U
G/U/L handset

E-UTRAN

Rx

S7

S1-MME

S-GW

Internet / intranet /
Operators & 3rd
Party Applications

PDN-GW

Forwarding paging request for

CS domain to the UE.
Directing the UE to the target
CS capable cell. (PS
HO/redirection with or without
SIBs).

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CSFB: Mobile Originating call

7.IAM

Inter-system change

6.Initiate voice call

NodeB

MSC-VLR

RNC

HSS/HLR

SGSN
SGs

3G
LTE

1. Ext Service RQ
(CSFB indicator)

S HO
4. P

3.optional measurement
eNodeB
5. eNB direct the UE to
G/U

n
ectio
r
i
d
S re
or P

e
AP M
2. S1

ssag

MME

r)
icato
d
n
i
FB
e (CS

SAE-GW

RAT change (and selection) is under full network control (eNodeB triggers the
RAT change towards to 2G/3G based on the UEs capability\measurement\SPID
indication from MME.)
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CSFB: Mobile Terminating call

1.IAM

9.Voice call establishment

LTE

Re
sp
on
se

3G

RNC

SGs

or
O
H
PS
.
6

2. Paging RQ
(Domain indicator:
CS)
3. Ext Service RQ (CSFB
indicator)

5.measurement

MSC-VLR

SGSN

8.P
ag
in g

Inter-system change

NodeB

4.

eNodeB

7. eNB direct the UE to G/U

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PS

M
AP
1
S

n
tio
c
ire
red

ge
sa
s
e

B
SF
C
(

MME

r
ato
c
i
ind

SAE-GW

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HSS/HLR

CSFB to UMTS (PS HO)

MO call

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MT call

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CSFB to UMTS (PS RRC Redirection w/o RIM)

MO call (R9: with RIM)

MO call (R8: without RIM)

PS Suspend

PS Suspend

*MT calls procedure is same.

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CSFB to GERAN (PS HO)

MO call

MT call

BSC

In case GERAN or UE cant support DTM (Dual transfer Mode) the PS service will be suspended

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CSFB to GERAN (PS RRC Redirection w/o

RIM)
MO call (R9: with RIM)
MO call (R8: without RIM)

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CSFB to GERAN (CCO w/o RIM)

MO call (w/o RIM)

In case GERAN or UE cant support DTM (Dual transfer Mode) the PS service will be suspended

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CSFB to UTRAN: Three mechanisms

R8 PS Handover: base on the

inter-RAT PS handover procedures

R8 PS redirection: RRC release with

redirectedCarrierInfoIE to UE

R9 PS redirection: RRC release with a

carrier frequency and UTRAN cells SIBs
acquired by RIM procedures before CSFB.

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CSFB to GERAN: Four mechanisms

R8 PS Handover: base on the

inter-RAT PS handover procedures

R8 PS redirection: RRC release with

redirectedCarrierInfoIE to UE
R9 PS redirection: RRC release with a
carrier frequency list and cells SIBs
acquired by RIM procedures before CSFB.
R8 CCO with NACC: HandoverCommand
With target cell and SI

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CSFB: SMS
UE is EPS/IMSI attached and the CS
access domain is chosen by the UE
and/or the home PLMN for delivering
short messages.
SMS support is based on the
connectionless SGs reference point
between the MME and the MSC
Server and use of NAS signalling
between the UE and the MME.
The MO SMS and MT SMS are
signalled over SGs and do not cause
any CS Fallback to GERAN/UTRAN
RATs, and consequently does not
require any overlapped
GERAN/UTRAN coverage.

No CS Fallback is performed for SMS

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CSFB: Emergency call

E-UTRAN may use the emergency indication for selecting a particular radio access
network (2G or 3G) for CS emergency handling.
If PS handover is initiated, E-UTRAN may indicate priority level of the CSFB to the
target RAT, in order to prepare radio resource at target RAT in appropriate way,
e.g. priority allocation of the RAB resource.
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Chapter Two: CSFB Algorithm at eNB

Triggering phase
The eNodeB receives a CS Fallback Indicator from the
MME. If the eNodeB supports blind handovers to an
inter-RAT system, it performs a blind handover without
delivering the measurement configuration to the UE.
Otherwise, the eNodeB delivers the measurement
configuration to the UE. Compared with measurementbased handovers, blind handovers can reduce the
access delay. Therefore, blind handovers take
precedence over measurement-based handovers.
Blind handovers, however, have an impact on the
handover success rate.

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The eNodeB delivers

The eNodeB checks

The eNodeB executes

the inter-RAT

the measurement

CSFB to enable the UE

measurement

results and

to initiate the voice call

configuration, and the

generates a list of

in the target cell.

UE performs inter-RAT

candidate cells.

measurements

The ongoin2g PS
services of the UE might

accordingly.

be handed over to the

In abnormal cases, eNB

target cell or suspended

performs blind

in the source cell.

procedure.

Measurement
Phase

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Decision
Phase

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Execution
Handover

eRAN2.0/2.1

R8 CSFB
Blind Scenario

A list of candidate cells is generated on the basis of the blind handover priorities, which are determined by
both the RAT-specific priorities and the cell-specific priorities.
The RAT-specific priorities used in blind handovers for CSFB are defined through the InterRatHighestPri,
InterRatSecondPri, and InterRatLowestPri parameters.

Measure Scenario

eNB sends the UE the measurement configuration, according to which the UE performs measurements on the
specified system. The measurement configuration sent to the UE contains the configuration information for
only the RATs and frequencies that are supported by the UE.

eNB selects the best cell from UEs measurement report.

B1 entering condition:

Mn Ofn Hys Thresh

Mn is the measurement result of the neighboring cell.

Ofn is the frequency-specific offset for the frequency of the neighboring
cell.
Hys is the hysteresis for event B1.
Thresh is the threshold for event B1. The values of Thresh are set on
the basis of the measurement quantities of each RAT.
The Received Signal Code Power (RSCP) threshold for CSFB to
UTRAN, Ec/No threshold for CSFB to UTRAN, threshold for CSFB to
GERAN, and threshold for CSFB to CDMA2000 1xRTT are specified
through the CsfbHoUtranB1ThdRSCP, CsfbHoUtranB1ThdECN0,
CsfbHoGeranB1Thd, and CsfbHoCDMAB1ThdPS parameters
respectively.

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eRAN2.2

Flash CSFB ( R9 redirection with

SIBs
GSM/UMTS
Core

RIM :
RAN
information
exchanging

LTE Core

Key Point:

SGSN

RAN
information

BSC/RNC

RAN information
request

1.
MME

eNB request system information from BSC/RNC

when establish Inter-RAT neighbor relation;

Frequency and
target cell
system
information

2.

BSC/RNC reply system information. If system

information update BSS/RNC notify eNodeB and
send the latest information;

3.

Core Network doesnt handle the message, only

forward;

4.

2G/3G
Access

LTE
Access

Flash CSFB:

Saving 1s for UMTS compare with R8

CSFB

Saving 2s for GSM compare with R8

CSFB

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eNB doesnt translate message from

BSC/RNC send to UE directly;

5.

eNB fill out the target frequency and related neighbor

cell information in RRC_Release message.

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eRAN3.0

CSFB to UTRAN/GERAN with LAI

LTE
Core

Step1: eNB receives Registered LAI from MME

MME sends Registered LAI to eNB via Initial
Context Setup Request or UE Context
Modification Request message.

TA1/LA1

MME

GUL

TAI/LA
I

CSFB to
LA1

Select same LA to
CSFB

GUL

TA3/LA1

TA2/LA2

GUL

LAI Based CSFB:

1. Priority to select target GU cells with same

LAC as UE registered in GU NW during
CSFB to avoid LAU (0.5s~3s).
2. Support National Roaming Ue to select
suitable fallback RAT/Cell bases on LAI

Step2: eNB selects target network with LAI

consideration
1> Blind case: following the priority below.
1>Neighboring cell with the same LAI with
Registered LAI;
2>Neighboring cell with the same PLMN with
registered LAI;
3>Neighboring cell with the same PLMN with
the UE current serving PLMN.
2>Measurement case:
1>if any of the neighboring frequencys cell
PLMN is the same with Registered LAI, or if any
of the neighboring frequencys cell PLMN is the
same with the UE current serving PLMN, and the
UE supports the RAT and the frequency, eNB will
send these frequency to UE for measuring.
2>eNB will choose the same LAI from the
measurement reports.

Indicator among multi-PLMNs.

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CSFB key parameters

MO
Parameter ID
CSFallBackBlindHoCfg InterRatHighestPri

CSFallBackBlindHoCfg UtranLcsCap

Description
Indicates the high-priority system to be considered in blind handovers for CS
fallback. It is UTRAN by default.
Indicates the medium-priority system to be considered in blind handovers for CS
fallback. It is GERAN by default. If this parameter is set to null, the system with the
medium blind handover priority is not specified. In this case, only the blind
handovers to the high-priority system are applicable.
Indicates the low-priority system to be considered in blind handovers for CS fallback.
It is CDMA2000 by default. If this parameter is set to null, the system with the low
blind handover priority is not specified. In this case, only the blind handovers to the
high- and medium-priority systems are applicable.
Indicates the Location Services (LCS) capability of the UTRAN.

CSFallBackBlindHoCfg GeranLcsCap

Indicates the Location Services (LCS) capability of the GERAN.

CSFallBackBlindHoCfg CdmaLcsCap

Indicates the Location Services (LCS) capability of the CDMA2000.

CSFallBackHo

CsfbHoUtranTimeToTrig

CSFallBackHo

CsfbHoGeranTimeToTrig

Indicates the time-to-trigger for event B1 that is used in CS fallback to

UTRAN/GERAN/CDMA2000. When CS fallback to UTRAN/GERAN/CDMA2000 is
applicable, this parameter is set for UEs and used in the evaluation of whether to
trigger event B1. When detecting that the signal quality in at least one
UTRAN/GERAN/CDMA2000 cell meets the entering condition, the UE does not
send a measurement report to the eNodeB immediately. Instead, the UE sends a
report only when the signal quality continuously meets the entering condition during
the time-to-trigger. This parameter helps decrease the number of occasionally
triggered event reports, the average number of handovers, and the number of wrong
handovers, and thus helps prevent unnecessary handovers. For details, see 3GPP
TS 36.331.

CSFallBackHo

CsfbHoCDMATimeToTrig

CSFallBackBlindHoCfg InterRatSecondPri

CSFallBackBlindHoCfg InterRatLowestPri

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MO
CSFallBackHo

Parameter ID
Description
CsfbHoUtranB1ThdRSCP Indicates the RSCP threshold for event B1, which is used in CS fallback to UTRAN.
When CS fallback to UTRAN is applicable, this parameter is set for UEs and used
in the evaluation about whether to trigger event B1. This parameter indicates the
RSCP requirement for the UTRAN cells to be included in the measurement report.
A UE sends a measurement report related to event B1 to the eNodeB when the
RSCP in at least one UTRAN cell exceeds this threshold and other triggering
conditions are met. For details, see 3GPP TS 36.331.

CSFallBackHo

CsfbHoUtranB1ThdECN0

Indicates the Ec/No threshold for event B1, which is used in CS fallback to UTRAN.
When CS fallback to UTRAN is applicable, this parameter is set for UEs and used
in the evaluation about whether to trigger event B1. This parameter indicates the
Ec/No requirement for the UTRAN cells to be included in the measurement report.
A UE sends a measurement report related to event B1 to the eNodeB when the
Ec/No in at least one UTRAN cell exceeds this threshold and other triggering
conditions are met. For a cell with large signal fading variance, set this parameter
to a large value to prevent unnecessary handovers. For a cell with small signal
fading variance, set this parameter to a small value to ensure that the handover is
performed in time. For details, see 3GPP TS 36.331.

CSFallBackHo

CsfbHoGeranB1Thd

Indicates the RSSI threshold for event B1 that is used in CS fallback to GERAN. A
UE sends a measurement report related to event B1 to the eNodeB when the RSSI
in at least one GERAN cell exceeds this threshold and other triggering conditions
are met. For details, see 3GPP TS 36.331.

CSFallBackHo

CsfbHoCDMAB1ThdPS

Indicates the pilot strength threshold related to event B1, which is used in CS
fallback to CDMA2000. A UE sends a measurement report related to event B1 to
the eNodeB when the pilot strength in at least one CDMA2000 cell exceeds this
threshold and other triggering conditions are met. For details, see 3GPP TS
36.331.

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MO
Parameter ID
Default Value
CSFallBackBlindHoCf InterRatHighestPri UTRAN
UTRAN, GERAN,
g
CDMA2000

Actual
UTRAN, GERAN,
CDMA2000

Unit
None

CSFallBackBlindHoCf InterRatSecondPri GERAN

g

UTRAN, GERAN,
CDMA2000, NULL

UTRAN, GERAN,
CDMA2000, NULL

None

CSFallBackBlindHoCf InterRatLowestPri CDMA2000

g

UTRAN, GERAN,
CDMA2000, NULL

UTRAN, GERAN,
CDMA2000, NULL

None

CSFallBackBlindHoCf UtranLcsCap
g

OFF(Off)

OFF(Off), ON(On)

OFF, ON

None

CSFallBackBlindHoCf GeranLcsCap
g

OFF(Off)

OFF(Off), ON(On)

OFF, ON

None

CSFallBackBlindHoCf CdmaLcsCap
g

OFF(Off)

OFF(Off), ON(On)

OFF, ON

None

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MML Command
MOD
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
LST
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
MOD
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
LST
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
MOD
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
LST
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
MOD
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
LST
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
MOD
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
LST
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
MOD
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G
LST
CSFALLBACKBLINDHOCF
G

MO

Parameter ID

Default Value

CSFallBackHo

CsfbHoUtranTim 40ms
eToTrig

CSFallBackHo

CsfbHoGeranTim 40ms
eToTrig

CSFallBackHo

CsfbHoCDMATi 40ms
meToTrig

CSFallBackHo

CsfbHoUtranB1T -106
hdRSCP

CSFallBackHo

Actual
0ms, 40ms, 64ms,
80ms, 100ms, 128ms,
160ms, 256ms, 320ms,
512ms, 480ms, 640ms,
1024ms, 1280ms,
2560ms, 5120ms

Unit

MML Command

0ms, 40ms, 64ms, ms

80ms, 100ms,
128ms, 160ms,
256ms, 320ms,
ms
512ms, 480ms,
640ms, 1024ms,
1280ms, 2560ms,
5120ms
ms

MOD CSFALLBACKHO
LST CSFALLBACKHO

-120~-25

-120~-25

dBm

MOD CSFALLBACKHO
LST CSFALLBACKHO

CsfbHoUtranB1T -13
hdECN0

-48~0

-24~0

0.5dB

MOD CSFALLBACKHO
LST CSFALLBACKHO

CSFallBackHo

CsfbHoGeranB1 -103
Thd

-110~-48

-110~-48

dBm

MOD CSFALLBACKHO
LST CSFALLBACKHO

CSFallBackHo

CsfbHoCDMAB1 -34
ThdPS

-63~0

-31.5~0

0.5dB

MOD CSFALLBACKHO
LST CSFALLBACKHO

MOD CSFALLBACKHO
LST CSFALLBACKHO
MOD CSFALLBACKHO
LST CSFALLBACKHO

Switches are not shown here. Please refer to CSFB FPD.

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Chapter Three: Algorithm Relationship

LOFD-001033 CS Fallback to UTRAN depends on LOFD-001019 PS Inter-RAT Mobility
between E-UTRAN and UTRAN.
LOFD-001034 CS Fallback to GERAN depends on LOFD-001020 PS Inter-RAT Mobility
between E-UTRAN and GERAN.
LOFD-001035 CS Fallback to CDMA2000 1xRTT depends on LOFD-001021 PS Inter-RAT
Mobility between E-UTRAN and CDMA2000.
LOFD-001052 Flash CS Fallback to UTRAN depends on LOFD-001033 CS Fallback to UTRAN.
LOFD-001053 Flash CS Fallback to GERAN depends on LOFD-001034 CS Fallback to
GERAN.
LOFD-001068 CS Fallback with LAI to UTRAN depends on LOFD-001033 CS Fallback to
UTRAN.
LOFD-001069 CS Fallback with LAI to GERAN depends on LOFD-001034 CS Fallback to
GERAN.

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Chapter Four: Use Case

Deployment Scenario
No IMS support in LTE/SAE or roaming.
EUTRAN coverage is overlapped by either GERAN coverage or UTRAN coverage.

G/U
coverage

Camping (LTE)

Voice (G/U)

PLMN selection indicator

in SIM card
Frequency priority in
network system
information broadcast

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CSFB to G/U to make

the CS call

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LTE
coverage

Back to LTE
Idle UE:
Frequency priority in G/U
system information broadcast
Active UE:
PS redirection
PS HO based on service

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Thank You

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