“ Assembly and Operation of the SINE-SQUARE AUDIO GENERATOR MODEL 1G-18 HEATH COMPANY HENTON HARBOR, MICHIGAN 49029Page 2 ess TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION, ... 0. cseeeccecccsestscseccsessse 8 UNPACKING, . ee ee eee ee eee cece eee oan WAVE GENERATOR Parts List, ose cece sees ee eee eee eeeeeee ene enes 6 Step-By-Step Assembly Cireuit Board Mounting, 6... 664+ . 8 Circuit Board Assembly... .....e0 0+ ee POWER SUPPLY Parts Lists... eeeeeeeeee bees ott Step-By-Step Assembly Circuit Board Mounting And Assembly... ...sseeee00+ 12 SWITCH PREWIRING Parts List. ae eee eee tel eeeoeteraee ate easter ee este Step-By-Step Assembly Multiplier Switch... 6. . sess eeeeeeeee +s 18 Tens Frequency Switch... eee. eee e te eam Units Frequency Switeh, 1.221 7 any Square Wave Amplitude Switch, |”, ‘ bio Sine Wave Amplitude Switch, ...'.", 7 i 20 CHASSIS ASSEMBLY Parts List, oss cesseesererens 23 Step-By-Step Assembly Front And Rear Panel Subassemblie: 24 28 30 32 33 Knob Installation, . 35 Test Lead Assembly, a7 TESTS AND ADJUSTMENTS Tests... . ste e nsec enone eneenaes + 90 Adjustments, eee eee e eee ee ees eee FINAL ASSEMBLY, ec eeees 45 OPERATION, «sss. iis eiieees 41 APPLICATIONS... eceeeee 50 IN CASE OF DIFFICULTY, 66... ses eeeee st Troubleshooting Chart, 06. 2.22 ITITL 258 SPECIFICATIONS, . 6.6 eee eee e eee eeee + 60 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Sine Wave Generator... 6. seeeeeeeeeeeee - 63 Square Wave Generator, . 6.1... eeeeeeee + 65 Power SUDPIY, sss sessssecsecucvoens 2 65 CIRCUIT BOARD X-RAY VIEWS, 7 +. ot CHASSIS PHOTOGRAPHS, ... 0.1! ih 69 REPLACEMENT PARTS PRICE LIST... 7 seeeee 5 + + Inside front cover Inside rear cover SCHEMATIC, , , , .(fold-out from page), , CUSTOMER SERVICE...INTRODUCTION ‘The Heathkit Model 1G-18 SineSquare Audio Generator has been designed for laboratory use as well as for service and testing. Sine wave signals are availble between 1 Hz and 100 KHz. Low distortion (less than .1%) sine wave signals are available from 10 Hlz to 100 kilz. The output is stepped from 003 volt to 10 volts. These high quality sine wave signals ‘make it ideal for such applications as testing audio amplifiers for gain and frequency response, as a signal source for harmonic distortion measurements, or as an external ‘modulator for an RF signal generator. Square wave signals with a iso time of 50 nanoseconds are available from 5 Hx to 100 kllz at output levels up to 10 volte. These clean square wave siguale can be used for checking frequency response in audio equipment, or as a ‘rigger for testing digital instruments. ‘The sine and square wave frequencies are identical and the level of each is independently adjustable, oth signals may be ‘used either simultaneously or independently. The sine wave output will operate into high impedence loads (20 K® or higher) in all output ranges, or it will operate into 600 ohm loads in ranges up to 1 volt, The square wave ‘output is designed to operate into loads of 2000 ohms or sreater, Other features include: A panel meter for monitoring the sine ‘wave output; repeatable selection of any. frequeney: witchsclected 600 ohm internal load; and all colidstate circuitry for maximum reliability, All of these features combine to provide you with a versatile, accurate, and attractive signal source. It will be = valuable and aseful addition to your laboratory or workbench.PICTORIALTEAR PanEL fee et seacee stu mg o-sesjee sone PICTORIAL 16“~ Page 33 J At the other end of this twisted pair, connect the black wire to lg2 (NS) of terminal sirip Aeon tren pe 1 0 power transformer (NS), NOTE: A flat 3-lead line cord ts supplied with this kit that ts approved for use in the U.3.A. and in some other countries, If thia cord ig not approved for your locality, obtain Iocally sn approved cord and proceed with the following steps, making changes whare neccsnary, ‘The flat J-lead line cord supplied with thiskit has one of its outer leads marked with riba in the insulation along its edge, The other tead is stagoth, and the third lead is color coded green, AF separate the three line cord leads for a distance of about 1-1/2" frum the stripped ends, Twist together and apply a small amount of solder to the small wires at the end of each lead, This will hotd the sepz~ rate strands together, Cf pase the line core through the Note in she rear panel. ( Y Connect the green line cord: lead to the solder Ing of ¥ (S-1). (J Comect the ribbed tine cord tead to lug 4 of the power transformer (NS), Z (4 Comect the smooth line cord Lead to tug 1 of terminal strip ¥ (NS), (CF Connect one lead of the fuse to lug 1 of sreninal atrip ¥ (8-2), C4 Connect the other fuse lead to ing 2 of ter- inal strip ¥ (8-2), 120-240 VAC WIRING ALTERNATIVE Two sets of line voltage wiring instructions are given below: one for 120 VAC line yoitage, and the other for 240 VAC line voltage on Paye 34, In the U,5,4,, 120 VAC Is most commonly used, while in some other countries 240 VAC is more common, USE ONLY TEE INSTRUCTIONS THAT AGREE WITH THE LINE VOLTAGE IN YOUR AREA, 120 VAC Wiring “ to Detail 188 for the following steps. ( Remove the insulation from twe 1" Lengths ¢f hookup wire, A Connect 2 1" bare wire from lug 1 (8-2) to (S-2) of the power transformer, i" 2 4 Connect _a 1” bare wire from lug 3 (8-1) to lug ¢ (5-3) of the power transtormer. 120 VAG_WIRING Detail 188Page 34 240 VAC Wiring Refer to Detail 18C for the following steps, () Remove the insulation from a 1" length of hociup wire, (} Comect a 1” hare wire from lug 8 (6-2) to lug 3 G1} of the power transformer, () Solder transformer lug 1 (8-1), () Solder transformer lug ¢ (8-2), 240 VAC WIRING Detal! 186 COartss simain SLE 3O tan aT at Pass ert MULE IV RLAW Tayi MSF Foes aM STAI RCAIGF OTL SESALLH SIDES POLCEINE SORG Qi 14S191 PF AUSTEUBLAY I Detail 18D NOTE: In the following step, if you have used the flat delead fine cord supplied with this Rit, install strain relief #75-1L, If you have used a round line cord (aot pupplied with this Kit), a siyain relies #75-30, , Refer to Detail 18D and install the line cord gtrain relief on the line cord. b ‘This completes the wiring of your Heathkit Sine- Square Audio Generator, Carofully inspect all solder joints for unsoldered wires or locse con- neetions, Remove any wire clippings or solder splashes that may be lodged in the wiring. Then proceed to the Knoh Installation section,FIGURE 1 PICTORIAL 19azz. TEST LEAD ASSEMBLY () Prepare the black and the red test lead as shown in Tictorial 20. Use the black insulator with the black test ead and the red inaulatoe vith the red test lead. This completes the Step-By-Step Assembly. Proceed to the Tests And Adjustments, Page 37 bet vey Vee x PICTORIAL 20TESTS AND ADJUSTMENTS TESTS If you do not obtain the correct results in any of the following tests, turn the equipment off, Then, refer to the chart following the step, Theso charts list the Condition of the malfunction, and the Possible Cause, Review the items listed in the Possible Cause column and correct the con- dition before proceeding to the next step. ‘The information in the In Case Of Difficulty seetion (Page 57) of the Manual may also be helpful in locating troubte in the kit, Refer to Figure 1 (on fold-out trom Page 36) for the following step, {Mi Conneet the common lead of anohmmeter to cither black binding post of the Generator, Connect the other ohmmeter lead to test point (TP4) on the wave generator circult board, The ohmmeter should indicate a re~ sistance of at least 1500 2, when thepointer stops, DIFFICULTY POSSIBLE CAUSE Resistance measured considerably less than 1500 2, Resistance measured considerably more than 1500 9, Short circuit on wave generator circuit board: Check positioning of transistors, Check values of resistors, Check for solder bridges between circuit board foils, Open cireuit(s) on wave genorator cireuitboard: 1. Check solder connections. 2, Check resistor values, 3, Check for broken component loads, 9eee SE== (4) Measure the resistanee between the two flat prongs of the AC line cord plug, With the POWER switch off, the resistance should read infinite, With the POWER switch on, the resistance should be 29 © or more, DIFFICULTY POSSIBLE CAUSE Resistance measured 20 1 or more with POWER | POWER switch installed upside down, switch off and infinite with POWER switch on, Resistance measured near zero chms, POWER switch connected directly across line cord, ) Cheek the resistance between each Line cord plug prong and the chassis, The resistance should measure infinite for both prongs, DIFFICULTY POSSIBLE CAUSE Resistance not as described, Line cord not wired properly, Check line cord) connections, J Set the voltmeter to read a DC} voltage of S nen the POWER switeh OFF, and plug the about 43 volts, line card into a 120 VAC outlet, (S Connect the voltmeter common leadtoeither (M4 Turn the POWER switch ON, The voltmeter black binding post. Connect the other volt- reading should gradually inexease to about meter lead to TP!, 49 volta and stay there,es Page 41 Measured voltage less than 43 VDC but more than zero, No voltage, ‘Turn the POWER switch off, ‘This concludes the tests, Proceed to the Adjust- ments, DIFFICULTY POSSIBLE CAUSE 1, Diode D5 or Dé installed backwards, Measured voltage about 9) vols Poor solder connections, Capacitors C1, C2, ©: backwards, or C4 instanted ‘Transistor improperly installed, Qpen circuit or short circuit on power supply circuit board, ADJUSTMENTS Two methods for adjusting the Audio Generator are provided below, The first method uses only an AC voltmeter, ‘and the second method (on Page 42) uses an AC volumeter and an oscillo~ scope, Use the second method if you intend to use the Audio Generator with an ascilloscepe, This will enable you to adjust the square wave Symmetry control, which cannot be done effec. tively with only a voltmeter, ADJUSTMENTS WITH AC VOLTMETER ONLY sete switehes and controls as follows: (VY) power swrrcH: OFF, (4 mucripuirr: x10, ot TENS FREQUENCY: 10, (4 UNITS FREQUENCY: 0, (A prequency control 0, NOTE: The word FINE on the front panel refers to the small knob on each of the AMPLITUDE controls, COARSE refers to the large knob on each of the AMPLITUDE switches, V) SINE WAVE AMPLITUDE switeh (coarse) 10 volts, (A SINE WAVE AMPLITUDE control [te) Fully clockwise, (, /SQUARE WAVE (coarse): 10 volts. AMPLITUDE switch (U/ SQUARE WAVE AMPLITUDE contre (fine) in clockwise, (Y 600 2 Loap swircH: ExT, NOTE: The following controls are located on, the wave generator circuit board, Refer to wwe 1 for their location, Position each control at itg center of rotation, BIAS, (VY) FEEDBACK, (4 symmetry, (J METER caL,Page 42 J ug the ne cord into an AC outlet, J Readjust the FEEDBACK control until the (A Turn the POWER switch ON, hs Adjust the FEEDBACK control until the panel meter reads between 6 and 8 on the (A connect the exterval voltmeter commontead to the black eine wave output Hiding post Connect th other vole tend to the red Sine wave ouput binting poet } Rotate the METER CAL control clockwise until the panel meter reads the same, on tthe 0-10 seale, as the voltmeter, (Y Disconnect the external voltmeter, NOTE: During the following adjustments the panel meter pointer may seem to vary errati- cally, This is normal, If you encounter difficul- ties, make the control adjustments in small increments and allow the instrument time to stabilize after each adjustment, } Turn the SINE WAVE AMPLITUDE control (fine) to approximately the 3 o'clock posi- lon, } Adjust the BLAS control until you obtain a axirnum panel meter reading, (4 Turn the SINE WAVE AMPLITUDE (tine) ntrol fully clockwise, panel meter reads 10 volts, NOTE: In the following two stops, if no change can be detected in the panel meter reading, it will not be necessary to readjust the feedoack control, (4 Tum the TENS FREQUENCY switchtocach position, 10 through 100, Leave the switch the position where the panel meter indi- fates the lowest voltage, ‘Turn the MULTIPLIER switch to each posi- tion, Xi through X1000, Leave the switch in the position where the panel meter indi- cates the lowest voltage, panel meter indicates 10 volts, ‘This completes the adjustments of the Audio Generator, Turn off the power and remove the AC plug from the socket, Proceed with the Final Assembly on Page 45. ADJUSTMENTS WITH AC VOLTMETER AND OSCILLOSCOPE Set the controls and switches as follows’ () POWER SWITCH: OFF, () MULTIPLIER: x100, (_) TENS FREQUENCY: 10, (_) UNITS FREQUENCY: 0, (_) FREQUENCY control: 0, NOTE: The word FINE on the front panelrefers to the small knob on each of the AMPLITUDE controls, COARSE refers to the large knob on each of the AMPLITUDE switches, () SINE WAVE AMPLITUDE switch (coarse): 10 volts, () SINE WAVE AMPLITUDE control (fine): Fully clockwise, (.) SQUARE WAVE AMPLITUDE (coarse): 10 volts, switeh () SQUARE WAVE AMPLITUDE control (fine): Fully clockwise, () 600 9 LOAD: EXT, NOTE: The following controls are located on the wave generator circuit board, Refer to Figure 1 (fold-out from Page 36) for their loca tion, Position each control at its center of ro- tation, () BIAS, (.) FEEDBACK, () SYMMETRY, () METER CAL,Page 43 ©) Plug the tine cord into aa AC out ( ) Tum the POWER switch ON, () Adjust the FEEDBACK control until the panel meter reads between 6 and B on tie 0-10 seal, () Set the external vollmeter to nad 10 volts AC. () Conneet the external voltmeter common ead to the Dlack sine wine output binding post. Connect the otiver voltmeter loud to the red sine wave output binding post. () Adjust the METER CAL control anti the panel me reads the same, on the 0.10 scale, as the voltmeter. isconnect the external voltmeter, (Set the osillosenpe to display 2 1000 tx waveform at an amplitude of 10 volts, () Connect the oscilloscope to the sine wave output binding posts () Rotate the FEEDBACK control fully clockwise. Note that the poritive oF negative half of the waveform is clipped ac shown in part Aor Bof Figure 2. (Adjust the BIAS control so both halves of the waveform are clipped equally, as shown in Part © of Figure (> Adjust the FEEDBACK control until tl indicates 10 volts, panel meter io) iscomnect the vuilloscope, be AOTE: In the following two steps, if no change « ‘detected in the panel meter reading it wil to readjust the feedback control. () Tuen the TENS FREQUENCY switeh to each position 10 through 100, Leave the ewiteh in the po the panel meter indicates the lowest voltage. ) Tun the MULTIPLIER sitet te each position. X1 ‘through X 1000. Leave the switch in the postion where the panel meter indieates te lowest volte () Readjust the FEEDBACK control so that the panel meter indicates 10 volts. (©) Reset the FREQUENCY and MULTIPLIER ssitches for a 1000 Hz output at 10 volts (MULTIPLIER at X100, TENS FREQUENCY at 10), C) Connect the oscilloscope to the ayuace wave output binding posts. Sot the oscilloscope input switch to AC NOTE: The very fast rise time (Ieadinye edge) of wave signal fs very rich am harmonies, exterting into he imegaherts range. Low frequency oscilloscopes may respond mnal. The leading edge may be “sounded off” through the eulloff characteristics of he n (with peaking eo overshoot. Even the ae oscilloscope, oF frequency compensa “ringing” oF leads between the generator and osilloscope may affect the pattern displayed for instance) may lead to LO Ly _ (©) Rotate the SYMMETRY control until the postive and aegative haley of the square waveform ate exga, as shown in part C of Figure ‘This completes the adjustm: remove the AC pl Assembly ‘umn off the power and ig from the socket, Proceed to) FinalFINAL ASSEMBLY Refer to Pictorial 21 for the following steps, Locate eight 6-32 x 1/4” phillips head screws, two cabinet half shells, and four plastic feet, (A ‘Turn the instrument upside down and install one of the cabinet half shells with four 6-32 x 1/4" phillipshead screws, The angled edge of the cabinet is the front; this edge should oe over the bozel, (Y) Remove the backing paper from a plastic foot, Affix the foot about 1/4" from both edges at one corner of the cabinet bottom, (A cateyie, a te reali tee fet oo A other three corners of the cabinet bottom, ( ‘Turn the instrument over and install the other cabinet half shell with four 6-32x 1/4" i head screws. (VW Remove the protective paper from the blue and white Label and affix it to the rear panel as shown, ‘This completes the assembly of the Sine-Square Audio Generator, 45OPERATION Refer to Figure 4, which describes each of the front panel controls and terminals, before you read the remaining material in this section. FREQUENCY SELECTION ‘To select a given frequency, set the TENS and UNITS FREQUENCY switches to correspond with EXAMPLES: the first two figures of the frequency, If a third figure is required, set the FREQUENCY control to the correctnumber, Then set the MULTIPLIER, switch to the appropriate position to multiply the switeh and control settings by therequired mul- uplying factor, SWITCH AND CONTROL SETTINGS SELECTED FREQUENCY, tT MULTIPLIER | FREQUENCY | FREQUENCY FREQUENCY CONTROL aPage 48 SINE WAVE AMPLITUDE The omtpat of the Audio 6 terminated to obta rator must be properly ‘To obtain correct meter readings with & high impedance: load (10 182 oF more):eot the 600. LOAD awiteh to INT, and act the SINE WAVE AMPLITUDE switch to the nearest fl ‘wale value above dhe desired output level. Then adjust the SINE WAYE AMPLITUDE control to give the desired output ‘on the proper meter scale, EXAMPLE: Ror an output voltage tof 7.3 volts, set the SINE WAVE AMPLITUDE, switeh to 10 volts, Then tun the SINE WAYE ANPLITUDE control to give « 7. reading on the 0-10 seale of the meter. EXAMPLE: For aa output of 025 volt, set the SINK WAVE AMPLITUDE switeh to .03 volt. Then turn the SINE WAVE AMPLITUDE control to give « 2.5 reading on the 0: moter scale, ‘To obtain correct meter readings with an extemal 600.2 toad 1 volt maximum output signal level): set the LOAD switelt to EXT and proceed as before. SQUARE WAVE AMPLITUDE "To seloot 4 square wave cutpuat level, set the COARS! SQUARE WAVE. ANIPLITUDE switch to the lowest range that includes the desired voltage. Test adjust the FINE SQUARE WAVE AMPLITUDE control until the required voltage is produced. The front panel vallage ranges (1s, Vy, and [0y) are for loads of 2000 8 impedance or more. Output level may be measured ith a high impedance AG voltancter for with an oscilloscope. Remember that # square wave ia measnred in peak-top indicate rms volts. 1k solts and that rnost AC voltmeters CAUTION: The square wave generator output is DC-eoupled to ayoid poor low frequency response (ser “Square Wave “Testing” on Page 52), The output is a DG signal that vwice from tero to some positive value when measured at tw Figure 5 output terminals. Do not connect this generator outpt iit DE eireitry without using capacitive coupling. (Obs pnoper capacitor polarity.) Do not short Ure out terminate st maxinuum (10.0) output IMPEDANCE MATCHING In general, impedanee matching is not exitical in test work. However, if close matching is required, matching pads may be constructed using composition resistors as shown in Figure 5 This Figure shows two examples for matching the 600 9 output to different input Ieads. Since these pads also vet as vollage divider notworks, the input voltage will ke less than the voltage indicated by the panel meter.Page 49 ————==s dB MEASUREMENT The rod scale on the panel moter is used for decibel (AB) comparisons. The decibel 1s a ratio, or comparison, of power levels, It is defined by the equation’ Pi dB = 10 log = P, Since P EIandt = =, the above 2am equation may be restate 6B = 10 log While the decibel is basically a relative ex. pression between two power levels, it can be luged as a quantitative expression if one of the levels is defined as a standard level, After various levels in several industries were partly accepted as "standard levels”, the audio industry settled on astandard level of 1 milliwatt of power into a 600 ohm 1oad, This standard level may be used in 600 oli circults only, In these circuits R! and R? inthe above equation are equal and cancel out, simplifying the expression Accordingly, with the standard 600 @ load across the signal oatput, you can read relative power ‘on a voltmeter, such as the front panel meter on the Generator or any other voltmeter with the appropriate calibration (dB scale), AS nero dB is defined as 1 mitlivatt in a 600 8 load, and P ~ E’ ,then,oo1 - E” ork - V6, R 600 or E = .15 V._ It is {or this reason that the zero DB mark is in line with the 7.75 mark on the 0-10 meter scale.APPLICATIONS SINE WAVE TESTING Gain and distortion checks are probably the most common types of sine wave tests that you will make with this Generator, Usually these tests are performed on an amplifier, In either of these tests, a single amplifier stage may be tested separately, or the entire amplifier maybetested, Figure 7 shows typical connections for testing a single stage or 2 complete amplifier, The output from the Generator may be connected directly to the input of the amplifier being tested, If impe- dance matching is desirable, you can construct the mateling pads deserived on Page 48, When connecting the signal directly to the input circuit of a transistor or a tube, use a coupling capacitor in series with the signal lead to block any DC voltage that may be present inthe circuit, vm ee My NU LT To test the voltage gain, feed a signal of known amplitude (voltage) into the amplifier input and measure the resulting output, The gain is equal to the ratio af the output voltage divided by the input voltage, This measurement may be made with a voltmeter or an oscilloscope, Frequency response tests may be made by determining the gain at various frequencies, To test for distortion, the output signal from an amplifier can be displayed on an oscilloscope and compared with the input sine wave from the Sine- Square Generator, This test will indicate ifdis- tortion is present and, if so, whatkind, Figure 6 shows waveforms of several kinds of distortion, Nu AN VA PAO HAMONIC ORO HAENONIC APPROX, 208 DISIERILON. "Distateh. —ske-naa dante PROROUUCED — PRONMUNCED ——oROADLECED —e¥IRLOADINE —eRORHLNCED Sistaation. —“tistomiow, —‘onsroettow’ just stasiuae “Uisioatok bistoriod Figure 6 50Page 51 sf 5, We pe ge 10 neat srasi Cf \]o ih) Le 7 ooo 3 eoo°0 l | 2 89019 OSTILToStP oa TVPICAL TRA45 STR ANPLIFIE® SIAB towest singe |P/~ eo0o aoe foe toOe DSETORCOPL Hyp loa Tear ampvirie Stace AMPLIFIER UNDER TEST 990 " COG 5 Lo 009 — apa i | ase wttoscare re Figure 7Page 52 SQUARE WAVE TESTING Square waves are very useful for testing ampl- fiers, since one square wave will perform several tests simultaneously. This occurs be- cause the square wave is actually a complex waveform made up of many sine waves, which are the fundamental frequency and all of the odd har- monies of that frequency, Therefore, inone oper- ation, the square wave tests a circuit at many dif- ferent {requencies, from one tenth to ten times the fundamental frequency, The flat top of the square waveteststhe low fre- quency response of a circuit, This happens be~ cause the flat top more closely resembles low frequencies, or short burst of DC voltage. The vertical portion of the square wave contains high harmonic frequencies that test the response of the amplifier to about tentimes the fundamen- tal frequency, Thus, two seitings, 100 Hz and 10 kHz would cheek the frequeney zesponse of an amplifier from 10 Hz to 100,000 Hz, Figure @ shows the types of square wave re- sponse patterns that might be seen on an oscil- loscope, If the corners of the square wave are rounded off, it means that some of the higher harmonies are missing. If the flat top portion of the square wave is tilted, it means that the low frequency response of the amplifier is faulty, Square wave tests are also an excellent way to test the response of the vertical amplifiers of an oscilloscope, Connect the square wave tothe os- cilloscope vertical input and cheok the shape of the square wave on the oscilloscope sereen, The sine wave and square wave outputs of your Generator can be used at the same time without Cetrimental effects to either waveform, This makes the use of recurrent sweep oscilloscopes especially easy with this instrument, For example, when making stage gain measure- ments on an amplifier with an oscilloscope, connect the sine wave output of the Generator to the input of the stage being measured, Con- nect the square wave output to the external syne connector of the oscilloscope. Measurements can now be made through a number of amplifier stages without readjusting the oscilloscope syne conirols, regardless of how small or how large the signal ia, SPECIAL GENERATOR APPLICATIONS Impedance Measurements Figures 9A and 9B show how to measure the input impedance of an amplifier or of a similar circuit, The method 1s exact if the tmpedance is resistive, approximate if it is reactive, For ‘measuring input impedances that are high Com- pared to the Generator output impedance, use the arrangement shovn in Figure 9A, It may be necessary to use variable resistors of several different values, such as 10 k2, 100 k8, 1 MO, and 6 MQ, to cbtain the correct indication on the external AC meter, Figure 8z= Page 53 | | Figure 9 Set the Generator to a low frequency, such as 20 Hz, short out the variable resistor, and set the signal level of the Generator to give a con venient reading on the AC voltmeter, Remove the short from the variable resistor, The value of the variable resistor is then adjusted until the reading on the meter drops to 1/2 of the former value, The resistance of the variable resistor is then equal to the unknown input im~ pedance of the amplifier, The resistance of the variable resistor can be measured with anchm. meter, If this same cheek were made at higher frequencies, the input impedance would appear to be smaller because some of the signal would be shorted out by the input capacitance of the am- plifter, For low input impedances, of a few hundred ohms or less, connect the circuit as shown in Fig ure 9B, Fixed series resistor R1 should be at least ten times the input resistance to be meas- ured, The value of this resistor is not impor- tant if it is made large enough, The output voltage is set to some convenient value, as be~ fore, with variable resistor R2 disconnected, When R2 is connected again, it is adjusted until the meter reading drops to half of the former value, The resisiaice of variable resistor R2 is then equal to the input resistance of the am- plifier, FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS, An oscilloscope and the Generator can be used. to measure the frequency of an unknown signal, Place the oscilloscope horizontal frequency selector in the horizontal input position, Cor nect a sine wave from the Generator to the horizontal input of the oscilloscope, Connect the unknown frequency to the vertical input of the oscilloscope, Do not use square waves to make these tests, When the size of the generator signal 1s ad- justed to approximately the same size as that of the unknown signal, and the oscilloscope is properly adjusted, waveforms called Lissajous. figures will be seen on the oscilloscope, In- terpreting these waveforms correctly will show the frequency of the unknown signal,Page 54 HoRIZ0%1 AL vwtown Pecqueney equats ENC PREQUENEY UNeWOWN FeFauEHEY EaUALs UnauaMn FRLQUeRCY EQUALS e'eyGwh FREOUENTY Tanger Une nko FREWUENCY EQUALS 2 CROWN FREQUENCY P% UNKHOWH FREQUENCY EQUALS Figure 10 To measure an unknown frequency, adjust the Generator frequency until the pattern comes as close 2s you ean adjust it to the circle shown in Part A of Figure 10, This circle may appear to revolve in such a way that it alternately assumes each of the following forms: 2 slanting Une to the lefi, an ellipse, a circle, an ellipse, again, a slanting line to the right, an ellipse, etc, Often, it will be almost impossible to keep the circle from revelving, When the circle is displayed on the oscilloscope sereen, the frequency of the unknown signal is then exactly equal to the frequency of the Genera- tor, as shown on theGenerator dial, The accura- cy of the measurement is the same asthe accu- racy of the Generator frequency, Unknown frequencies that are beyond the fre- guency limits of the Generator can be measured by using more complex Lissajouspatterns, such as the ones shown in Parts B, C, D, andE of Figure 10, In these cases, the pattern shown on the oscilloscope gives the ratio between the frequency of the Generator signal and the fre- quency of the unknown signal, Determining the frequency of the unknown signal then becomes a matter of simple arithmetic, The frequency of the unknown signal can be calculated using the following formula: T,xF T, In the above formula, Ty is the number of loops that touch the horizontal tangent line; F is the Generator frequency; and T, is the number of loops which touch the vertical tangent Iie, ‘Unknown FrequencyPage 55 ouipunPutses yure 11 PULSE MEASUREMENTS: Fast riso time triggor pulses can easily be formed at the square wave output of the Gen- eraior by the addition of a single resistor and capacitor, Seo Figure 11, The addition of a diode will eliminate the positive or negative pulses that are not wanted, ‘The size of the resistor and capacitor depends on the desired frequency and how wide a pulse you wish to have, A rule of thumb for pulse width 1 that it should be about 1/10 as wide as the positive one-half of the square wave, at tho frequency desired, The sizes of the resistor and capacitor are generally found by experi- menting, but a close approximation can be found in the following manner: 1 x 1/2 = time of 1/2 cycle veg, of square wave eee The above x 1/10 = width of average pulse quamity in fractions of a second Collecting the above together we get: 1 frog, of aquare wave x 1/20 = time of pulse width for average pulse, To find the size of the pulse that a resistor and capacitor will give, multiply the resistance in ohms by the capacitance in “farads" (1 uF = .000001 farads), The answer will be the time constant of the two parts and a portion of time usually expressed in “mlcroseconds" (one- millionths of a second), If the "time constant" af the resistor and espacitor you choose does not produce the pulse width you want, change the value of oither or both parts, For example, if you want positive pulses ata frequency of 10 kifz: 1 10,000 x 1/20 = § microseconds ‘The following calculations show that the time constant of a 10 k@ resistor and .0005 1.F capacitor will give the desired 5 microsecond pulse, 500 x10" (capacitance, .0005 F) x 1x10! (resistance, 10 KR) = soo x10 = 5x10! = 5 microseconds 000005 Another way thia time constant canbe calculated is as follows: .0000000005 x 10,000 000005 (capacitance, ,0005 :F) (resistance, 10 KO) = 5 microsecondsIN CASE OF DIFFICULTY Recheck the wiring, Trace each lead in colored pencil on the Pictorial as it is checked. It is frequently helpful to have a friend check your work, Someone who isnot familiar with the unit may notice something consistently overlooked by the builder, About 90% of the kits that are returned for repair do not function properly due to poor connections and soldering, Therefore, many troubles can be eliminated by reheating all connections to make sure they aresoldered as described in the Soldering section of the Kit Builders Guide, Cheek to be sure that all transistors are in their proper locations, Make sure each tran- sistor lead is connected to the proper point, Check the values of the parts, Be sure the proper parts have been wired into each cir cuit as shown in the Pictorial Diagrams, It would be easy, for example, to install a 62 KO (blue-red-orange) resistor where 2 620 k@ (blue-red-yellow) resistor should have been installed, Cheek for bits of solder, wire ends, or other foreign matter which may be lodged in the wiring, or on the circuit board foil. If the trouble stil] is not located anda volt- meter is available, check the voltage reac ings against those shown on the Schematic Diagram, A review of the Circuit Descrip- tion may help you locate the trouble, NOTE: Refer to the Circuit Board X-Ray Views ‘on Page 67 and Photographs on Page 69 for the physical location of parts, NOTE: In an extreme case where you are unable to resolve a difficulty, refer to the “Customer Service” information inde the rear cover of the Manual. Your Warranty is located inside the front eover of the Manual. 37Page 96 ez TROUBLESHOOTING CHART DIFFICULTY POSSIBLE CAUSE AND SUGGESTED CURE Pilot Lamp lights, ‘All controls set at zero, No sine or square Measure the By voltage at point A on the wave output, generator circuit board, If the voltage is low or there is no voltage, refer tothe next Difficulty on this Chart, Feedback control not set properly, (Refer to Adjustments section on Page 41.) Check transistors Ql, Q2, Q5, Q4, and Q3 in that order, Open filament in lamp Li, Wrong part value, improper connection. or faulty part in notch filter circuits (units and tens switches), (Make checks at other frequency settings to test this pos- sibility.) By voltage low or Measure the resistance of the generator circuit no Br voltage, board at TP1 as described in the step under "Tests" on Page 39, If this resistance is less than 1500 9, apply the checks on the previous page to the generator circuit board, If the re- sistance is 1500 9 or greater, check the fol- lowing: 1, Transistor Q10, 2, Diodes DS and D6, 3, Zener diode D7, 4, Capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4, 8 Transformer primary windings. No sine wave output, Short circuit or excessive load at sine Square wave output Ok, ‘wave output terminals, Check control R106, Check capacitor C6, Short circuit or excessive load at square wave output terminals, Symmetry trimmer not adjusted properly, Check transistors Q6, Q7, and Q8, Check control R101. Check capacitor C8, Frequency set too low, No square wave output, Sine wave output ok, Bottom of square wave goes below zero.Page 59 DIFFICULTY POSSIBLE CAUSE AND SUGGESTED CURE. Meter inoperative, Sine wave cutput ok, Check diodes D3 and D4, Check contro! R21. Meter pointer stuck, Meter coil open, WARNING: When testing the meter for continuity, use only the highest resistance range of the ohmmeter, Sine wave distorted, Feedback control set too high, Bias control not set correctly. Check @10, Check Q5, 04, Q1, Q2, and Q3, Improper ground connections between Gen- erator and associated equipment, Low line voltago,SPECIFICATIONS SINE WAVE OUTPUT Frequency Range, . « Output Voltage Ranges... . Internal Load, . dB Ranges, .. 2... Output Variation, . 2. . Output Indication, ©. Output Impedance, . Meter Accuracy, 1 Hz to 100 kitz, Internal .03, .1, .3, and 1 volt ranges, 800 9 load available on .003, ,01, 62 to +22 dB, -12 to +2 dB on meter; 50 to +20 dB in eight 10 dB switch positions, +2 dB maximum into 600 2 load, 41 dB from 10 Hz to 100 kHz, Two voltage scales and one dB scale on front panel meter, 10 volt range: 0-1000 9, 3 volt range: 800-1000 2, 1 volt range and lower: 600 92. +10% of full scale with proper load termination.1k so PERCENT DISTORTION-TYPICAL Distortion, . 6. ees eee eeeereeeees Less than ,1% from 10 Hz to 20 kz, + Differential amplifier with complementary pair output, Notch filter frequency determination, Type Of Circuit, . 6... eee SQUARE WAVE OUTPUT Frequency Ranges... 6 yee eee + 5 Hz to 100 kHz, Output Voltage Ranges, se eeeeee 02.1 V, Or] V, and 0-10 Vzero-to-peak into 2000 © or higher load. Output Impedance, se + 82 @on 1 Vand 1 V ranges; Up to 220 2 on 10 V range, Rise Time. 6 6. se ee + Less than 59 nanoseconds, GENERAL Frequency Selection, . . . 2. + +++++++ First two significant figures on 0-100 and 0-10 switches each in ten steps, ‘Third figure on 0-1 control, ‘Multiplier switch: X1, X10, X100, X1000, Frequeney Error... 2. Within « 5% of first and second digit, 105-125 VAC or 210-250 VAC, 50/00 Hz, 6 Watts, Power Requirements, . . . « Dimensions, 6 6. see eee 5-1/8" high x 19-1/4" wide x 7" deep, Net Weight, 2 2... e ceee Tips, The Heath Company reserves the right to dis- continue instruments and to change specifies~ tions at any time without ineurring any obliga tion to incorporate new features in instruments previously sold,CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION Refer to the Block Diagram on Page 65 and to the Schematic Diagram (fold-out from Page 75) while reading this Cireuit Deseription, The circuit of the Sine-Square Audio Generator ineludes three principal sections: TheSine Wave Generator (including the meter and output attenu- ator circuits), the Square Wave Generator and the Power Supply, Each of these Sections will be ceseribed separately, SINE WAVE GENERATOR ‘The sine wave oscillator circuits consists of differential amplifier transistors Ql and Q2; voltage amplifier transistor Q3; power amplifier transistors Q4 and Q5; and the positive and nogative feedback loops, Positive (regenerative) feedback comes from the commion emitter output of transistors G4 and Q5, and is coupled to the base of transistor Q2 through the lamp 1, the arm of feedback control R7, and resistor RB, Negative (degenerative) feedback comes through the noteh filter and is directly coupled to the base of transistor QI. Osciitation occurs due to the positive feedback, Without negative feedback, the circuit would oscillate at some indeterminate frequency; how- ever, the notch filter, which passes all fre- quencies except the ohe to which it Is tuned, provides the negative feedback to the base of transistor QL, This negative feedback prevents oscillation at al frequencies except the ane that {s not passed, permitting the system to osetl- late at only the selected frequency. ‘The tuned frequency of the RC notch filter circuit may be calculated by the general formula: F —. mr RC where F is frequency in hertz, R is resistance in ohms, and C 4s capacitance in farads, How- ever, since this notch filter is a specialized RC network in which there are two resistances and two capacitances, the formula for this network then becomes: 1 anV RR, NCC, « F Since R, and R, will always be equal, the for- mula simplifies to: 1 Fe 2mRVCC,. 6In the notch filter in the Sine-Square Audio Generator R may consist of one or several resistors in parallel; or R, represents the resistance value selected by the Tens Frequency switeh for 2 particular fre- queney, This resistance may consist of one re- sistor, or a parallel combination of several resistors, For example; for 20 Hz the two 5000 9 resistors are selected and R, = 5000 @ for 40 Hz the two 2500 9 resistors are selected and R, = 2500 ©, for 60 Hz both the 5000 @ and the 2500 @ resistors are selected in parallelandR, 1670 @, R, ropresents the resistance value selected by the Units Frequency switch for aparticular tre- queney, The operation of. this switeh isidentical to that of the Tens Frequency switch, except that the resistance values are tea times those of the Tens Frequency switch, R, represents the resistance value of the Frequency Control when adjusted for a particular frequency, Cy and C, represent the eapacitors on the Mul- tiplier switch, The value of C, will always be 10 times larger than the value of C. for all positions of the Multiplier switeh, As shown in the generalformulaF = othe 1 2aRC tuned frequency of a noteh filter ts inversely proportional to the value of its resistances and capacitances, Therefore, to achieve anincrease In frequency the resistance must decrease, Likewise, for a tenfold increase in frequency, by using the Multiplier switch, the capacitance must decrease tenfold, Any tendency of the oscillator to produce signals of increasing amplitude is controled by lamp L1. If the oscillator output increases, more cur~ rent is fed through the feedback circuit and through lamp L1, This increasedcurrent causes the filament of the lamp to heat slightly, which causes its resistance to increase, This increase in resistance attenuates the feodback signal to the base of transistor Q2, The result is a regu- Jated output from transistor Q2, DC base bias is provided to Qi and @2 through a voltage divider that consists of resistors R5 and RG, and control R7, (Resistor R3 decreases the gain of the differential amplifier to make it more stable,) The voltage at the lower end of this divi der, and therefore at the bases of QI and Q2, is made adjustable by being connected tothe arm of, Bias control R9, which is connected in aDC volt- age divider with R6 and R10, ‘The signal from the differential amplifier is di- rect coupled from the collector of Q2tothe base of voltage amplifier transistor Q3, From the col- lector of Q3, the signal is direct coupled to the bage of Q4, and through diodes Di and D2 to the base of Q5, These diodes maintain a 1,2 volt digforence between the bases of transistors Q4 and Q5, Qt and Q5 form an emitter follower comple- mentary-pair amplifier with no voltage gain and a low impedance output, The output signal from this stage 1s coupled to the square wave circuits as a trigger signal and to the sine wave output attenuator, SINE WAVE OUTPUT ATTENUATOR ‘The sine wave signal from Qf and Q5is coupled through capacitor C6 to Sine Wave Amplitude control R108, From R106, the signal is coupled through isolating resistor R1O7 to the meter circuit and to the Sine Wave Amplitude switen, ‘The resistor network on two sections of this switch comprise an eight-step voltage divider (R109 to R121) which proportionately divides the signal into steps of 10 dB each, The selected voltage level is applied to the sine wave output terminals, The remaining section of the switch permits internal load resistor R122 to be con~ nected across the output terminals in the six lowest output ranges, METER CIRCUIT Resistor R108 and meter calibration control R21 comprise 2 voltage divider through which some of the signal from resistor R107 is bypassed for monitoring by the panel meter. Diodes D3 and D4, and load resistors R24 and R25 form a half-wave bridge rectifier circuit for the output meter.mam Pa] you ace Tae none { ananemee nt wae rw FENN PRC ay Duel uns va BLOCK DIAGRAM SQUARE WAVE GENERATOR ‘The squire wave section consists of a Schmitt trigger circuit Q6 anal QZ, a power amplifier QB, and the aquare wave atlenuator, The square wave is produced by the Schiilt Irigger eireuit, whieh i triggered Dy 2 sine wave signal that is coupled through resistor RIS and Symmetry control RIG to the hase of QO. The Schmitt trigger iteuit has two sable states: one in which Q7 is conducting and Qo is cut off, and the other in ‘which 06 is conducting and Q7 is cut of. The switehing. Ci between these two states is extremely shor the cirenit to prothice « square wave with a very fast rise which per POWER Dual-primary power transformer T1 can be wired to operate from either 120 VAC or 240 VAC, The output from the secondary of T1 is rectified by diodes D5 and D6 ina full wave ree~ tifier cireutt, and filteredby the pi filter consist~ ing of capacitors C1 and C2 and resistor R27, in comtrolled by the voltage on the base of Q6. "Thin volage variew with the rising an faling vltage of th sine wave input. Symmetry contral RIG is adjusted produce time intervals between switehing, on and sitehing off that equal length: therefore, producing a symmetrical puare wave. ae of ‘The Schmitt trigger cuslput from the collector of transistor 7 is coupled through capacitor CB to the base of emitter follower transistor 8, which provides a low impedance ‘output with no volage gain, DB protects the base of Q6 Irom excesive negative voltage. ‘The oulput from QB parses ircctly to Square Wave Amplitude control RIOL. From RIO}, the square wave is applied through the attenuator network on the Square Wave Amplitude eviteh to the spare wave output terminals, SUPPLY Zener diode D7 provides a requlated reference voltage for the base of voltage regulator tran- sistor QL0, which regulates the DC output at 43 volts, Capacitor C4 grounds AC feedback fro1 the Sine wave generator at high frequencies,CIRCUIT BOARD X-RAY VIEWS WAVE GENERATOR CIRCUIT BOARD (VIEWED FROM FOIL $1 DE) CIRCUIT BOARD (VIEWED FROM FOIL S10E) orCHASSIS PHOTOGRAPHS R122 anN5 cro1 RNG ON LUG 12 —+AII Arar Ang An conrrot R106 R120 R107 ON LUG 11 —=AII4 RNI7 RI19 Ar08 R104 Riz A102 R10 A109 A103 = R105 CONTROL ~* R101 Cc)Page 70 RZ RZ RX RX RX RK RY RY RY RY CX CY CY oR AI23. RX RX RX RX RY RY RY RY CY CYREPLACEMENT PARTS PRICE LIST WAVE GENERATOR ‘The following prices apply only on purchases from the Heath Company where shipment is toa U,8,A, destination, Add 10% (minimum 25 cents) to the price when ordering from an authorized Service Center or Heathkit Electronic Center to cover local sales tax, postage and handling, Out- side the U,8,A, parts and service are available from your local Heathkit source and will reflect ‘Additional transportation, taxes, duties andrates of exchange, ‘To order parte, wee the Parte Order Form furnished with this Kit. If a Parts Onder Form is not available, refer to Replacement Parts in the *Kil Builders Guide™ PART PRICE DESCRIPTION No. Ea — - RESISTORS 1/2 Wott 1-54 15 159 1-66 115 150.9 1-97 +15 1100 2 1-98 +15 1600 2 1-89 +15 2400 2 1-16 115 47000 20 15 10 ka 1-47 213 56 KO 1-29 115-220 Ke 1 Watt 156-1 15 12000 CAPACITORS, 2018 55 ATO pF resin 21-16 T1501 aP sis 25.146 170 HDL etevteoly tie mmaTeuerr’ PART PRICE DESCRIPTION Eat . CONTROLS 10-155 1,00 750.2 10-201 1,00 10 ka. DIODES-TRANSISTORS 56-26 40 Crystal diode 56-56 Silicon diode 57-65 Silicon diode 417-94 2N3416 transistor 417-154 2N2369 transistor 417-201 X29A829 transistor HARDWARE 250-89 056-32 x 3/8" serew 254-1 #6 lockwasher 259-1 #6 solder lug 252-8 6-82 nut 250-175 05 «2-56 x 3/8" screw 254-7 105 #3 lockwasher 252-51 05 2-56 nut MISCELLANEOUS 206-24 10 Lamp clip 412-66 1.15 Lamp B5-257-2 1.90 generator circuit board 331-6 125 200-516 2,10 Chassis 2.00 Manual (See front cover for part number,) 490-5 -15 Nut starter nPage 12 POWER SUPPLY PART PRICE DESCRIPTION PART PRICE DESCRIPTION No. Fach No, Fach - RESISTORS-CAPACITORS HARDWARE. deL 15 47 9 1/2 watt resistor 250-89 205 6-32 x 3/8" screw 1-89 +15 2400 Q 1/2 watt resistor 254-1 05 #6 lockwasher 25-128 11850, F eapacitor 252-8 (05 B32 mut DIODES-TRANSISTOR 56-66 1.35 VR 43 zener diodo 57-65 +30 Silicon diode 417-178 1,95 40389 transistor SWITCH PART PRICE DESCRIPTION No, Each _ RESISTORS 1-83 “15 560 1-84 15 62.8 1-66 35 1500 1-94 115 390.0 1-63 15 5109 aast 115 6200 1-96 ns 750.9 1-97 M5 11002 1-98 115 1800 2 1-89 115 2400 2 1/2 Wart, 1% 2-249 ' 1,00 2500 2 2.5 KA} 2-248 1003300 2 (3.3 kA} 2-247 1,00 5000 2 (5 kS) 2-50 100 10k 2.97 100 25 Ke 2-98 100 33.3 ko 2-99 1.00 50k 21 1.00 100 eR CAPACITORS 20-55 30 500 pF 27-84 1.80005 eF MISCELLANEOUS 54-208 5.25 Power transformer 85-256-2 1.00 Power supply cireuit board 244-50 108/ft Black wire 344-52 .05/ft_ Red wire PARTS PART PRICE DESCRIPTION Ne Each Copacitor’s (cont’d,) 21-83 2.40.05 uF 27-82 «2.95 Su 27-81 5.00 uF SWITCHES-CONTROL NUT 63495 8,25 8 position eatery with 5000 contol Sposition rotary with 00 2 control L1-position rotary A-position rotary Control aut os 1232 5.25 eaaa7 3.55 3.25 05 208/t¢ 105 /ft 105 /ft 105/tt 105 /#t los /tt 105/tt Black wire Brown wire Orange wire Yellow wire Green wire Blue wire White wirePage 73 CHASSIS PARTS PART PRICE DESCRIPTION Ne Fach = RESISTORS 1-95 a1s 560.2 1-23 5 27 KR 1-102 5 82 ka ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS 25-193 90250 uF 25-205 1,95 300 uF 27-110 80,047 pF Mylar CONTROL -SWITCHES 12-06 2,40 1 MO dual control 60-24 .19 —-Roeker switch PLASTIC PARTS 10-10 25 Black test lead insulator 10-11 "25 Red tost lead insulator 1-17 ‘15 Binding post base insulator 75-30 45 Line cord strain relict, round cord 5-11 .15—_Line cord strain rellef, flat cord 100-16-2 .15 Binding post cap, black {00-16-18 115 Binding post cap, red 100-699 125 Binding post cap, green 207-3 115 Cable clamp 261-28 "10 Plastic toot 413-10 115 —_Red pilot lamp lens 261-30 120-—_Line cord retainer HARDWARE 46 Hardware 250-227 05 «6-32 x 1/8" phillips head screw 250-26 056-92 x 6/8" screw 250-304 115 6-32 x 7/16" spacer stud 250-89 1056-32 x 3/8" screw 230-229 105 6-32_x 1/4" phillips head screw 280-5325 «6-32 x 1/4" decorative head screw 250-475 .05—«#6 x 1/4” sheet metal screw 254-1 05 #6 lockwasher 254-27 105 «#6 external-internal_ lock- washer 255-15 05 #6 X 1/2" spacer 259-1 105 #6 solder lug 252-3 1058-32 nut PART PRICE No, Each. Other Hardware 252-7 205, 253-10 205 254-4 208 252-92 105 427-3 215, METAL PARTS 99-401-2 3,90 100-169 2.35 100-770 2.25 100-771 1.30 204-759-1155 210-35 4,35 211-32 155 WIRE Hookup Wire 244-50 .08/ft 344-51 105/ft 344-54 105/1 344-55 .05/ft 344-57 105/ft 344-58 = 05/8 Other Wire 89-23 1.25, s41-1 110/it 341-2 soft DESCRIPTION Control nut Control flat washer Control lockwasher Speednut Binding post base Cabinet half shell Front pane! Rear panel Side rail End cap Bezel Handle Black Brown Yellow Green Violet Gray Line cord Black test lead Red test lead KNOBS AND BUSHINGS 455-500 .15 455-5115 455-5215 462-245 40 462-247 155 462-278 40 MISCELLANEOUS 253-85 05 260-18 10 407-181 17.55 412-15 30 431-4115 431-95 «15 438-47 20 259-20 105 421-22 65 Single knob bushing Inner shaft knob bushing Outer shaft knob bushing Single knob ‘Outer shaft knob Inner shaft knob Felt washer Alligator clip Meter Neon lamp 2-lug terminal strip T-lug terminal strip Banana plug Solder pin 2/4 ampere slow-blow fusePage 74 Lo RESISTORS AKU CAPACITORS, CxcEe1 IMSL IN THE NOTCH FILTER C1RCUL) Ae RUMHL UD ICTR FAIA Gre We DATS MDLBTEL ER CIRCUTE BOARDS Loo" 184 PARTS MOURTEE Oh CAS STS I-08 ARE IN y= UNLESS MARKED OIKE RAISE IWE-PtCOFARADY SHOWN 14 CULL COUNTENELOSEWISE FaSHTTON With VICWED 5. YFwuicaies coamon crecult cKoayo. 1 NOTCH 10. 14e CHASSIS PHOTOGRAPHS ARB CIRCUIT BOARD X-RAY VIEWS Toe the eHISIest facal IU UF PANTS 8 Cp :BE MOLTAGES TO FITHER COMMON OUFALT IHRYINAL. ALL erecurT Boden COMTTOLS FULLY CEM ALL FREQUENCY SWITCHES AME CONTROL (Cou, ATLAVPLITUDE SUITENES AED CONTROLS SULLY CAF VOLIAGLS cI08 2 Ciree voutases. re same as abort Laceer syammiray comeoL Tausista®. | paar numsen | ge tA Yo es ay | BASING DIAGRAM 1, 02, @8 aa nous anos avrt01 aueme o», 07 a anise anaes saticon DL, 02, BS, Oe a 100 PLY, 160 ma a ay min ; iene or oes veal wary o sassDoe 8 NOTCH FILTER — COMPLETE CIRCUIT ® ® @ wn Font waseRs rive waLeRs ee rns retauuence Feouiney swine Fev aueuey ont tut‘SINE-SGUARE AUDIO GENERATOR Mott 1G19