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268 viewsShip Impact & Push Over Design Brief
Ship Impact
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BolarinwaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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/ 24
Kveerner Engineering a.s
Subcontractor: Kvaerner Earl and Wright
Document Now Reve Page: 1 of 26
KE-S-R-936 OSE
Classification Code:
Facility No BEKO SubType: RE System No, ‘Area Code!
CTRNo.: E1130
Document Title:
REDUNDANCY ANALYSIS
DESIGN BRIEF FOR SHIP IMPACT, POST IMPACT, PUSHOVER AND.
‘W3E | 07/07/95 | Approved for Engineering mwr | roh | roh | mak
OAR | “09705795 | Issued for Comment mwe | roh | roh | smk
O1X | 20704705 Tssued for IDC/Comment mwr} oh | roh | smk
er Tew Deseipion Wade | Chea | Die. | Proj | Ghent
Dae by [ty | anme | appr | appr
Kverner Engineering a.s
Subcontractor: Kvaerner Earl and Wright
Ekofisk Development Project
Project No.: 3525 0000
PHILLIPS
Contract No.: 03-008-0207
PHILLIPS PETROLEUM
CB COMPANY NORWAY
KVAERNER Kvaerner Engineering a.s
Subcontractor: Kvaerner Earl and Wright
Bkofisk Development Project 2/4
DESIGN BRIEF
Title Document No. Rev Date Page
Design Brief for Ship Impact, Post Impact, Pushover_ KE-S-R-936 OBE 27.07.01 3 of 26
and Redundancy Analysis
6.1.2 Failure Mechanisms
6.2 Redundancy Analy:
7 NON-LINEAR SHIP IMPACT ANALYSIS...
8 POST-IMPACT ANALYSIS ,.
9 JOINT STRENGTH CHECKS..
10 REFERENCES
11 FIGURES
KVAERNER Kveerner Engineering a.s
Subcontractor: Kvaerner Earl and Wright
Ekofisk Development Project 2/4J
DESIGN BRIEF
Tite Document No. Rey Date Page
Design Brief for Ship Impact, Post Impact, Pushover_ KE-S-R-936 03E 27.07.01 4 of 26
and Redundancy Analysis,
1 INTRODUCTION
During the operational life of Ekofisk 2/4J there is the possibility the structure might be accidentally
impacted by a ship or it may be subjected to an extreme storm. This design brief describes the
methods and assumptions that will be used in the analyses of the Ekofisk 2/4J jacket when subjected to
the following loading conditions:
accidental ship impact
operational ship impact
Post ship impact loads
Redundancy when subjected to abnormal environmental conditions
‘The objectives of the analyses are:
* To ensure that the substructure can absorb the energy during accidental ship impact
conditions without causing progressive collapse of the structure.
‘+ To ensure adequate protection is provided for the gas risers within the jacket structure.
+ To show that after an accidental ship impact, the structure in its damaged condition can still
resist the 100-year environmental loads without extensive failure.
‘* To verify from a pushover analysis that the substructure is designed to have sufficient
robustness and redundancy to ensure structural integrity during abnormal environmental
conditions,
‘The behaviour of the structure will be evaluated using a three-dimensional Finite Element (FE) model
Jof the deck, jacket and foundation system. Non-linear elastic-plastic finite element analyses will be
performed using the ABAQUS FE program.
‘The Ekofisk field is subject to subsidence. At the time of installation this will be 6m and at the end of
the design life the projected maximum subsidence will be 20m. As a result of this it is necessary 10
evaluate the structure in both its short and long term conditions and hence two models will be used,
one to represent each of these conditions.
Elevations (¢.g. EL.-70.1m) used in this design brief are with respect to the Ekofisk Datum.
‘The design data used to carry out this analysis are given in the Jacket Design Premise (Reference
1.0-1) and Design Accidental Loads (Reference 1.0-2).
‘This work will be carried out as part of the detailed engineering of the jacket structure under CTR
number EJ130,
KVAERNER Kvaerner Engineering a.s
Subcontractor: Kvaerner Earl and Wright
Ekofisk Development Project 2/43
DESIGN BRIEF
Title Document No. Rev Date Page
Design Brief for Ship Impact, Post Impact, Pushover KE-S-R-936 OE 27.07.01 5 of 26
and Redundancy Analysis
2 DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND CONDITIONS
The design principles to be used and the design conditions to be analysed for the 2/4J structure are
described in this section.
2.1 Progressive Collapse Limit States
‘The structure shall be designed against accidental loads and abnormal environmental loads in
accordance with the NPD Regulations (Reference 2.1-1) which states that the progressive collapse
limit state shall be evaluated for these loads in the following steps:
y Resistance against abnormal effects;
It shall be demonstrated that the structure experiences purely local damage when subjected to
abnormal effects. The abnormal effects to be considered shall be ship impact and abnormal
environmental conditions. The abnormal environmental condition to be analysed will be the 10,000
year return storm with dynamic amplification effects.
2) Resistance in damaged condition;
After local ship impact damage or other local damage, the structure shall still resist defined
environmental conditions (100-year return storm) without progressive failure.
‘The accidental and abnormal event analyses will be carried out using a load coefficient of 1.0 for all
loads and a material coefficient of 1.0.
2.2 Accidental Ship Impact Conditions
‘The structure shall be analysed for accidental ship impact conditions described below.
2.2.1 Accidental Impact Scenario
The 2/4J structure is designed to survive an accidental impact, corresponding to a supply vessel of
5,000 tonnes displacement drifting at 2.0 m/s. For broadside impact 40% of the displacement is
included as added mass, and 10% for stern and bow impacts. This gives an impact energy of 14MS for
broadside impacts and 11MJ for stern and bow impacts
KVAERNER Kveerner Engineering a.s
Subcontractor: Kvaerner Earl and Wright
Ekofisk Development Project 2/4
DESIGN BRIEF
Title Document No. Rev Date Page
Design Brief for Ship Impact, Post Impact, Pushover KE-S-R-936 03E 27.07.01 6 of 26
and Redundancy Analysis
2.2.2 Impact Zone
‘TNA 202 (Reference 2.2-1) states that the impact shall be assumed to occur at any place in the region
bounded by the horizontal levels of 13m above HAT and 10m below LAT. However, over the life of
the structure there will be significant subsidence which extends the possible impact zone. For this
analysis the impact range is from EL.-4.0m to BL. +34.33m as shown on Figure 2.2-1, and described
in Reference 1.0-1 (Note:- At the time of installation LAT will be at BL. +6.000m). Figure 2,2-1
shows the impact zone for both the short and long term models. For areas where there is an overlap
in the zones, the jacket will be analysed for the long term condition as this case will be the most
onerous on the structure for the post damage condition in terms of the wave loading.
2.2.3 Leg Member and Node Impacts
Corner legs and nodes will be analysed for a broadside impact with an impact energy of 14MJ. A bow
or stern impact with an energy of 11.0MJ will be analysed for the inner legs and nodes, since the
inner legs are considered not to be susceptible to a broadside impact. Where possible the number of
impacts will be limited by the fact that the four corner legs and nodes and the four inner legs and
nodes are very similar in terms of size and configuration. The analysis will consider the most highly
loaded corner and inner legs for analysis where such similarities exist. In the case of the corner legs
and nodes, two orthogonal directions for impact will be considered. The impacts will be performed at
the node levels EL.0.000 and EL. +28.000 (Nodal impacts) with one intermediate mid-member impact
at EL. +14.000 (Member impact). Additionally impacts will be made at the upper extremity of the
impact zone at EL. +34.330. No leg impacts will be considered below EL.0.000 due to the close
proximity of such impact to the nodes at EL.0.000. Consideration of such an impact is accounted for
in the design of the cast nodes at EL.0.000 which are designed to take the plastic moment of the
incoming member.
2.2.4 Brace Member and Node Impacts
‘The brace members shown in Figures 2.2-2 to 2.2-6 may be subjected to a bow or stern impact and
will be analysed in the same manner as for the inner legs. Wherever possible, the number of impacts
will be limited by the fact that many of the braces are identical to others in the structure in terms of
size and configuration,
Impacts will be considered at mid brace span and at the brace plan level nodes. In the case of the 'X’
bracing in the frames, mid brace span and direct impacts on the 'X’ nodes will be considered.
KVARNER Kvaerner Engineering a.s
Subcontractor: Kvaerner Earl and Wright
Ekofisk Development Project 2/43
DESIGN BRIEF
‘Tite Document No. Rev Date Page
Design Brief for Ship Impact, Post Impact, Pushover KE-S-R-936 OBE 27.07.01 7 of 26
and Redundancy Analysis,
2.2.5 Contact Area
The contact area between the vessel and the member will be initially assumed to be a knife edge for all
impacts. This is conservative since TNA202 (Reference 2.2-1) allows the contact areas to be
calculated as 0.7 times the stern height for stern impacts and 0.4 times the broadside height for
broadside impacts. If this initial assumption is considered overly conservative (i.e. if it results in
exceeding the validity range of the denting curves), then the contact area will be calculated as
described in Reference 2.2-1 and modelled as detailed in Section 4.8.
2.2.6 Gas Riser Protection
‘The primary design philosophy for gas riser protection will be to prevent, as far as is reasonably
possible, a direct ship impact on the gas risers.
‘Two conditions will be considered as follows:
‘the possibility of a direct ship impact on the gas risers, where the ship passes through gaps
in the jacket structure
* the possibility of a ship impact on the gas risers, where the jacket structure is unable to
arrest the ship (i.e. the ship travels through the braces).
Both the short and long term conditions will be considered in the design. If considered necessary,
riser protection braces will be provided and/or the existing primary jacket braces will be strengthened
2.3 Operational Impact Conditions
‘TNA202 (Reference 2.2-1) additionally specifies an operational impact load corresponding to a supply
vessel of 5,000 tonnes drifting at 0.5 m/s. This gives an impact energy of 0.875MJ for a broadside
impact and 0.687M3J for the stern and bow impacts. TNA 202 (Reference 2.2-1) states that the impact
shall be assumed to occur at any place in the region bounded by the horizontal levels of 8m above
HAT and 6m below LAT. As with the accidental impact case the effect of subsidence extends the
possible impact zone, giving an impact range from EL.0.000m to EL. +29.33m.
‘The operational impact will be examined and evaluated by consideration of the accidental impact case
results for these low energy levels (i.e. 0.875MJ and 0.687MJ).
KVAERNER Kvzerner Engineering a.s
Subcontractor: Kvaerner Earl and Wright
Ekofisk Development Project 2/45
DESIGN BRIEF
Title Document No. Rey Date Page
Design Brief for Ship Impact, Post Impact, Pushover KE-S-R-936 03E 27.07.01 8 of 26
and Redundancy Analysis
3 SHIP IMPACT ABSORPTION MECHANISMS
During an impact between a supply vessel and a steel structure, a number of mechanisms are available
to absorb the kinetic energy of the vessel/ship:
Local denting of jacket member;
Local bending and extension of jacket member;
Ship local indentation;
Platform global deformation.
‘The design impact energy levels are described in Section 2. This section describes the methods for
determining the energy levels absorbed by the platform and ship during an impact.
3.1 Local Denting of Jacket Member
Under lateral impact circular tubular sections are susceptible to localised denting and ovalisation.
‘This energy absorption can be determined either from load-deformation curves calculated using
Ellinas and Walker's empirical equation (Reference 3.1-1), or by detailed modelling of the impacted
member.
In the event that the leg nodes are cast it will be assumed that no local denting of the node will occur
during impact (i.e. no energy absorption by local denting)
3.2 Ship Indentation
Energy absorption by local deformation of the ship will be based on the force-indentation curves for a
5000 tonne displacement supply vessel taken from DnV Technical Note No. TNA202 (Reference 2.2-
)).
3.3. Platform Energy Absorption
Apart from local denting of the impacted member, energy will be absorbed by elastic and plastic
deformation of the impacted member, the platform and the foundations. This energy will be
calculated by ABAQUS using the area under the platform load-displacement curve at the point of
impact obtained from the ship impact analysis.
KVAERNER Kvaerner Engineering a.s
Subcontractor: Kvaerner Earl and Wright
Ekofisk Development Project 2/4
DESIGN BRIEF
Title Document No. Rev Date Page
Design Brief for Ship Impact, Post Impact, Pushover KE-S-R-936 OBE 27.07.01 9 of 26
and Redundancy Analysis
4 COMPUTER MODELLING
‘The finite element models of the platform will be three dimensional numerical representations of the
Jacket, foundation and topside. The models will be based on the current SEADYN inplace analysis
carried out in accordance with the Design Brief for Inplace Analysis (Reference 4.0-1).
Geometric and material non-linearities will be included in the analyses. ‘The model will be configured
using the pre/post processor PATRAN (Reference 4.0-2) and analysed using the ABAQUS (Reference
4.0-3) finite element solver. All analyses will be run on an IBM RS6000 Workstation.
4.1 Jacket Modelling
The modelling procedure that will be adopted for this analysis will be as described in ‘Validation of
Progressive Collapse analysis Procedures using ABAQUS 5.3" (Reference 4.1-1)
‘The jacket will be modelled in ABAQUS as a three-dimensional space frame finite element model with
the correct mass distribution. ABAQUS pipe element PIPE32 with 16 integration points around the
circumference will be used to model the jacket tubular members. Each integration point can yield
independently, resulting in gradual plastification of the cross-section.
In order to obtain a good representation of buckling and post-buckling behaviour, each member will
be modelled by at least six pipe elements. With an out-of-straightness of 0.3% of member length
artificially introduced in each member, these elements accurately predict the buckling load given by
the Chen-A-curve (Reference 4.1-2) and accurately describe the post buckling behaviour. Note that
the Chen-A-curve accounts for realistic residual stress patterns, an out-of-straightness of 1/1000 of the
member length and an out-of-roundness of 1/1000 of the tube diameter. To account for local shell
buckling for large D/t members, the yield strength for these members in the model will be replaced by
the critical local buckling stress calculated using Equation (3.4.4-1) of NPD (Reference 2. 1-1).
4.2 Deck Modelling
‘The deck model, with current centre of gravity location, as modelled in the SEADYN inplace analysis
(Reference 4.0-1) will be used in the analyses. The model of the deck will be assumed to be linear in
its response.
KVAERNER (
Kvaerner Engineering a.s
Subcontractor: Kvaerner Earl and Wright
Ekofisk Development Project 2/45
DESIGN BRIEF
Title Document No. Rev Date Page
Design Brief for Ship Impact, Post Impact, Pushover_ KE-S-R-936 03E 27.07.01 10 of 26
and Redundancy Analysis
4.3 Foundation Modelling
‘The platform is supported at the four corner legs with piled foundations.
‘The analysis will model the foundation as a set of stiffness matrices at the bottom of the legs
representing foundation resistance. In the first instance the stiffness matrices used in the non-linear
analyses of the structure will be linear. The validity of this will be assessed by examining the loading
on the foundation during all analyses. If the linear assumption is not valid then the matrices will be
replaced by non-linear springs.
4.4 Appurtenance Modelling
Appurtenances will not be explicitly included in the finite element model but their loading effects will
be implicitly included in the loads applied.
4.5 Marine Growth
The full marine growth thickness profile described in the Jacket Design Premise (Reference 1.0-1)
will be applied to the model.
4.6 Material Properties
Minimum yield stress and tensile strength will be used in the non-linear analyses. Data relating to
material properties that will be used in the analysis are given below.
——
STEEL GRADE THICKNESS RANGE MIN YIELD STRESS UTS TENSILE
(mm) (N/mm?) STRESS
(Nimm?)
420 EMZ (plate) t< 100mm 420 520
355 EMZ (plate) ts 16 EE 460
16
