KAMIAS (Averrhoa bilimbi) EXTRACT AND FOETID CASSIA (Cassia tora Linn.

)
LEAVES EXTRACT AS ANTI- FUNGAL SOAP

Trixie Rose E. Cortez

Sharmaine R. Teves
Ron Angel O. Tribiana
Dejerida Baby Jen P. Bayona
Steven P. Liong
Proponents

Mrs. Zenaida D. Bueno

Science Teacher

AMIR BARA LIDASAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Bo. Sarmiento, Parang, Maguindanao
S.Y 2014-2015

ABSTRACT

Fungal infections has become rampant in this country. This kind of infection is known as
mycosis. Fungus reproduces releasing spore that can be picked up by direct contract or even
inhaled. Most fungal infections often affect the lungs, skin, or nails. The researchers observed
that in their neighborhood fungal infection in the skin is common. This condition gave them the
idea to conduct a study using Kamias and Foetid Cassia leaves. This study aims to find out
whether Kamias and Foetid Cassia Leaves can be a potential anti-fungal soap. Specifically, it
sought answer to the question: 1.Can Kamias and Foetid cassia leaves be a good anti-fungal
soap? The following materials were gathered: 300 mL of water, 100 g caustic soda, 50 mL of
Kamias extract, 50 mL Foetid Cassia Leaves extract and 5 mL coconut oil. Three mL of water is
poured into a basin. Then 1 mL caustic soda was gradually added and stirred until it dissolved
then 50 mL of Kamias extract and 50 mL of Foetid Cassia Leaves extract was added and
continuously stirred. Then 500 mL of coconut oil was added, the mixture was stirred into one
direction until sticky. This was poured into plastic molder and set aside for 45 days to allow
caustic soda to evaporate . The soap was distributed to respondents and instructed them to apply
on the infected areas twice a day, morning and evening. Observation was recorded. The Kamias
and Foetid cassia leaves as Anti -fungal soap can be a good anti-fungal soap based on the result
the respondents voted the product as very satisfactory with the mean of 3.9. Infection was totally
eradicated in 7-day treatment. The researchers conclude that the Kamias and

Foetid Cassia

Leaves can be potential Anti -fungal soap. The researchers recommended further studies to
determine the other uses of Kamias and Foetid cassia leaves extract.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Page

Abstract
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii
Chapter
Introduction . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitation

II. Review of Relative Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
III. Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
IV. Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
V. Summary, Conclusion, Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Attachment

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In doing this research the researchers were indebted to and would like to extend their
warm and heartfelt gratitude and appreciation to the following persons who helped them in
making this study successful.
First of all, to the Almighty Heavenly God, for providing the researchers the knowledge,
strength, wisdom and peace of mind which made this study successful.
To their ever supportive and loving parents, for the financial and moral support that
served as the inspiration and strength.
To the principal, Mrs. Myrna Buhay-Lidasan Al-haj,
To assistant to the principal, Mrs. Mary Ann Apostol Lidasan,
To their Science Teacher Mrs. Zenaida D. Bueno who gave her full support, patience and
courage to the researchers.
To Mrs. Evelyn M.Burlat for her comment, guidance and help in to checking grammars,
and editing the papers,
To Miss Faith P. Ardina for the statistical editing,
To Mrs. Rosella A. Dimacutac for helping the researchers conduct their methodology,
To Mrs. Mirian U. Ombaogan for sharing her knowledge in improving their study,
To their beloved friends especially the 4 th year Einstein and to their adviser Mrs.Carolyn
A. Codilla for their infinite prayers, love, understanding and encouragement to the researchers.

ii

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Fungal infections has become rampant in this country. This kind of infection is
known as mycosis. Fungus reproduces releasing spore that can be picked up by direct contract or
even inhaled. Most fungal infections often affect the lungs, skin, or nails. The researchers
observed that in their neighborhood fungal infection in the skin is common. This condition gave
them the idea to conduct a study using Kamias and Foetid Cassia leaves.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to find out whether Kamias and Foetid Cassia Leaves can be a potential
anti-fungal soap. Specifically, it sought answer to the question:
1.Can Kamias and Foetid cassia leaves be a good anti-fungal soap?
Significance of the Study
This study is important to young and old people alike who have fungal infections.
Scope and Limitation
This study focuses only on the production of Kamias and Foetid Cassia Leaves as antifungal soap.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

KAMIAS (Averrhoa bilimbi)

Kamias (Averrhoa bilimbi) known as cucumber tree, is a small tree growing 5 to 10

meters high. Leaves pinnate, 20 to 60 cm long, with hairy rachis and leaflets. Fruit green and
edible, about 4cm long subcylindric with 5 obscure, broad, rounded, longitudinal lobes.
The whole plant is utilized. It can treat skin diseases, mumps, acne. The fruits are also
used to remove stains from clothing and washing hands. In addition, it is also considered
antibacterial, astringent, anti-scorbutic, febrifuge, anti-diabetic, stomachic refrigerant. Bilimbi
fruits are used in many medicinal purposes because of its high acidic properties such as protein,
fiber, phosphorus, iron, calcium, carotene, ascorbic acid (vitamin), niacin, riboflavin, thiamine,
these are the vitamins and nutrients found in it.

FOETID CASSIA LEAVES (Cassia tora Linn.)

Foetid Cassia leaves is a very common annual herb. Leaves are abovate. Yellow, small, in
axillary pairs characterized the flowers. Found in waste land, along the roadsides, and in
paddocks.
The leaves and the seeds applied as a poultice is a valuable remedy for various skin
diseases such as itching, ringworm, and chronic inflammation. It is very useful in treating skin
diseases like ringworm and itching or body scratch and psoriasis. The alcoholic or vinegar
maceration of pounded fresh leaves is used externally to treat eczema and dermatomycosis.It is
consumed in worm infestation and cures the infection occurring in the body. The juice extracted
from its leaves is used in case of skin ailments, rashes and allergies. It is also used as an antidote
in case of various poisonings. The leaves ad seeds of Cassia tora are useful in leprosy, flatulence,
colic, dyspepsia, constipation, cough, bronchitis and cardiac disorders.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Pinnate- resembling a feather in having similar parts arranged on each side of an axis.
Subcylindric- imperfectly cylindrical; only approximately cylindrical.
Anti-scorbutic- having the effect of preventing or curing scurvy.
Febrifuge- a medicine used to reduce fever.
Carotene- an orange-yellow to red crystalline pigment, C 40H56, found in animal tissue and
certain plants, such as carrots and squash. It exists in several isomeric forms and is converted to
vitamin A in the liver.
Niacin- a white crystalline acid, C6H5NO2, of the vitamin B complex that is found in meat, wheat
germ, dairy products, and yeast and is used to treat and prevent pellagra. Also called nicotinic
acid.
Riboflavin- yellow or orange-yellow water-soluble compound, a member of the vitamin B
complex, that acts as a growth-promoting factor in humans and other animals.
Thiamine- a white, crystalline B vitamin, CHClNOS, found in the outer coating of cereal grains,
green peas, beans, egg yolk, liver, etc., and also prepared synthetically; vitamin B: a deficiency
of this vitamin results in beriberi and certain nervous disorders
Psoriasis- a chronic skin disease characterized by scaly, reddish patches.
Maceration- to soften or separate into parts by steeping in a liquid.
Eczema- an inflammatory condition of the skin attended with itching and the exudation of
serious matter.
Dermatomycosis- a superficial fungal infection of the skin.
Antidote- a medicine or other remedy for counteracting the effects of poison, disease, etc.
Leprosy- a contagious disease that affects the skin, mucous membranes, and nerves, causing
discoloration and lumps on the skin and, in severe cases, disfigurement and deformities.
Flatulence- generating gas in the alimentary canal, as food.

3
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

The following materials were gathered: 300 mL of water, 100 g caustic soda, 50 mL of
Kamias extract, 50 mL Foetid Cassia Leaves extract and 500 mL coconut oil. Three Hundred mL
of water is poured into a basin. Then 100 g caustic soda was gradually added and stirred until it
dissolved, then 50 mL of Kamias extract and 50 mL of Foetid Cassia Leaves extract was added
and continuously stirred. Then 500 mL of coconut oil was added, the mixture was stirred into
one direction until sticky. This was poured into plastic molder and set aside for 45 days to allow
caustic soda to evaporate. The soap was distributed to respondents and instructed them to apply
on the infected areas twice a day, morning and evening. Observation was recorded.

4
CHAPTER IV
DATA AND RESULT

Table 1. Respondents Response on Kamias (Averrhoa bilimbi) and Foetid Cassia Leaves
(Cassia tora Linn.) Anti-fungal Soap.
Period of Treatment (in days)
RESPONDENTS

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
MEAN

2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1.7

2
3
3
2
2
3
1
2
3
2
2.3

2
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
3
2.6

3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
2.9

3
3
3
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3.2

4
3
3
4
4
4
3
4
3
3
3.5

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
3.9

REMARKS

Fair

Fair

Satisfac-

Satisfac-

Satisfac-

Satisfac-

tory

tory

tory

tory

Very
Satisfactory

Scale:
4- Very Satisfactory (Infection was totally eradicated)
3- Satisfactory
(Infection was almost eradicated)
2- Fair
(Infection was partly eradicated)
1-Poor
(Infection was not eradicated)

Based on the result, the respondents voted the product as very satisfactory with the mean
of 3.9. Infection was totally eradicated in 7-day treatment.

5
CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION

SUMMARY
The Kamias and Foetid cassia leaves as Anti -fungal soap can be a good anti-fungal soap
based on the result. The respondents voted the product as very satisfactory with the mean of 3.9.
Infection was totally eradicated in 7-day treatment.

CONCLUSION
The researchers conclude that the Kamias and Foetid Cassia Leaves can be potential
Anti -fungal soap.

RECOMMENDATION
The researchers recommended further studies to determine the other uses of Kamias
and Foetid cassia leaves extract.

6
REFERENCES

Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th ed.
Wallingford, UK: CAB International. Malcolm D. Richardson, David W. Warnock.
"Introduction". Fungal Infection : Diagnosis and Management. John Wiley & Sons, 2012.p.5

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungus - Kirk et al., p. 489

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Averrhoa_bilimbi- Achard bilimbi (Bilimbi pickle)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senna_obtusifolia-International Legume Database & Information
Service (ILDIS) (2005): Genera Cassia and Senna. Version 10.01, November 2005. Retrieved
2007-DEC-17.

ATTACHMENT

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