100% found this document useful (1 vote)
91 views11 pages

Chapter 2 - Section A - Mathcad Solutions: M 35 KG G 9.8 M S Z 5 M Work M G Z Work 1.715 KJ U Work U 1.715 KJ

This document contains solutions to math problems using Mathcad software. It includes: - Calculations of work, internal energy change, and temperature change for a mass of water being lifted. - Similar calculations for a different mass of water. - Determining the final temperature in a thermodynamic process using conservation of energy. - Additional thermodynamic calculations for processes involving changes in internal energy, enthalpy, temperature, pressure, and flow velocity.

Uploaded by

Faris Naufal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
100% found this document useful (1 vote)
91 views11 pages

Chapter 2 - Section A - Mathcad Solutions: M 35 KG G 9.8 M S Z 5 M Work M G Z Work 1.715 KJ U Work U 1.715 KJ

This document contains solutions to math problems using Mathcad software. It includes: - Calculations of work, internal energy change, and temperature change for a mass of water being lifted. - Similar calculations for a different mass of water. - Determining the final temperature in a thermodynamic process using conservation of energy. - Additional thermodynamic calculations for processes involving changes in internal energy, enthalpy, temperature, pressure, and flow velocity.

Uploaded by

Faris Naufal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Chapter 2 - Section A - Mathcad Solutions

2.1 (a)

Mwt := 35 kg

g := 9.8

z := 5 m

s
Work := Mwt g z
(b)

Work = 1.715 kJ Ans.

Utotal := Work

Utotal = 1.715 kJ

Ans.

dU + d ( PV) = CP dT

(c) By Eqs. (2.14) and (2.21):


Since P is constant, this can be written:

MH2O CP dT = MH2O dU + MH2O P dV


Take Cp and V constant and integrate: MH2O CP (t 2 t 1) = U total
kJ
t1 := 20 degC
CP := 4.18
MH2O := 25 kg
kg degC
t2 := t 1 +

U total
MH2O CP

t2 = 20.02 degC

Ans.

(d) For the restoration process, the change in internal energy is equal but of
opposite sign to that of the initial process. Thus
Q := Utotal
(e)

Q = 1.715 kJ

Ans.

In all cases the total internal energy change of the universe is zero.

2.2 Similar to Pb. 2.1 with mass of water = 30 kg.


Answers are:

(a) W = 3.43 kJ
(b) Internal energy change of
the water = 2.86 kJ
(c) Final temp. = 20.027 deg C
(d) Q = -2.86 kJ
5

2.4

The electric power supplied to the motor must equal the work done by the
motor plus the heat generated by the motor.
i := 9.7amp

E := 110V

Wdotmech := 1.25hp

Wdotelect := i E

Wdotelect = 1.067 10 W

Qdot := Wdotelect Wdotmech


2.5

Qdot = 134.875 W

Ans.

Eq. (2.3): U = Q + W
Step 1 to 2:

Step 3 to 4:

Ut12 := 200J

W12 := 6000J

Q12 := Ut12 W12

Q12 = 5.8 10 J

Ans.

Q34 := 800J

W34 := 300J

Ut34 := Q34 + W34

Ut34 = 500 J

Ans.

Step 1 to 2 to 3 to 4 to 1: Since U is a state function, U for a series of


steps that leads back to the initial state must be zero. Therefore, the sum of
t

the U values for all of the steps must sum to zero.


Ut41 := 4700J
Ut23 = 4000 J
Step 2 to 3:

Ut23 := Ut12 Ut34 Ut41


Ans.
3

Ut23 = 4 10 J

Q23 := 3800J

W23 := Ut23 Q 23

W23 = 200 J

Ans.

For a series of steps, the total work done is the sum of the work done for each
step.
W12341 := 1400J
6

W41 := W12341 W12 W23 W34


Step 4 to 1:

Note:
2.11

2.12

Ans.

Ut41 := 4700J

W41 = 4.5 10 J

Q41 := Ut41 W41

Q41 = 200 J

Ans.

Q12341 = W12341

The enthalpy change of the water = work done.


kJ
kg degC

M := 20 kg

CP := 4.18

Wdot := 0.25 kW

:=

Q := 7.5 kJ

U := 12 kJ

U := 12 kJ
2.13

W41 = 4.5 10 J

t := 10 degC

M CP t

= 0.929 hr

Wdot

Ans.

W := U Q

Q := U

W = 19.5 kJ

Ans.

Q = 12 kJ

Ans.

Subscripts: c, casting; w, water; t, tank. Then


mc Uc + mw Uw + mt Ut = 0
Let C represent specific heat,

C = CP = CV

Then by Eq. (2.18)


mc Cc tc + mw C w t w + mt Ct t t = 0
mc := 2 kg
Cc := 0.50

mw := 40 kg
kJ
kg degC

tc := 500 degC
Given

mt := 5 kg

Ct := 0.5
t1 := 25 degC

kJ
kg degC

Cw := 4.18

t2 := 30 degC

kJ
kg degC

(guess)

mc Cc ( t 2 tc) = (mw Cw + mt Ct) ( t 2 t1)


t2 := Find ( t2)
7

t2 = 27.78 degC

Ans.

kJ
kg K

mass := 1 kg

CV := 4.18

(a)

T := 1K

Ut := mass C V T

(b)

g := 9.8

2.15

Ut = 4.18 kJ

Ans.

EP := Ut

s
z :=

(c)

2.17

EP
z = 426.531 m Ans.

mass g

EK

EK := Ut

u :=

z := 50m

:= 1000

u = 91.433

1
mass
2
kg
3

u := 5

m
2
D
4

A :=

m
s

mdot := u A

mdot = 1.571 10

A = 3.142 m
4 kg

s
3

(b)

Ans.

D := 2m

Wdot := mdot g z Wdot = 7.697 10 kW


2.18 (a)

m
s

Ans.
3

kJ
U1 := 762.0
kg

P1 := 1002.7 kPa

H1 := U 1 + P1 V 1

H1 = 763.131

kJ
kg

cm
V1 := 1.128
gm
Ans.

kJ
U2 := 2784.4
kg

P2 := 1500 kPa

cm
V2 := 169.7
gm

H2 := U 2 + P2 V 2

U := U 2 U1

H := H 2 H1

U = 2022.4

kJ
kg

H = 2275.8

Ans.

kJ
kg

Ans.

D1 := 2.5cm

2.22

u1 := 2

m
s

D2 := 5cm

For an incompressible fluid, =constant. By a mass balance,


mdot = constant = u1A 1 = u2A2.

(a)

D1
u2 := u1
D2
EK :=

(b)

u2 = 0.5

1 2 1 2
u2 u1
2
2

m
s

EK = 1.875

Ans.
J
kg

Ans.

mdot3 H 3 ( mdot1 H 1 + mdot2 H 2) = Qdot

2.23 Energy balance:

mdot3 mdot1 mdot2 = 0

Mass balance:

mdot1 ( H 3 H1) + mdot2 ( H 3 H2) = Qdot

Therefore:

mdot C p ( T3 T1) + mdot2 CP ( T3 T2) = Qdot

or

T3 C P ( mdot1 + mdot2) = Qdot + mdot1 CP T1 + mdot2 C P T2


mdot1 := 1.0

kg
s

kJ
Qdot := 30
s
T3 :=

T1 := 25degC

mdot2 := 0.8

kg
s

T2 := 75degC

kJ
kg K

CP := 4.18

Qdot + mdot1 CP T1 + mdot2 CP T2

(mdot1 + mdot2) CP

T3 = 43.235 degC

By continuity,
incompressibility

u
H +
= 0
2
A1
u2 = u1
A2

A1 2
u = u1 1
A2

D1 4
u = u1 1
D2

2.25 By Eq. (2.32a):

H = CP T
CP := 4.18

kJ
kg degC

Ans.

u1 := 14

SI units:

m
s

D1 := 2.5 cm

4
D1
T :=
1
2 CP
D2

u1

D2 := 3.8 cm

T = 0.019 degC

Ans.

T = 0.023 degC

Ans.

D2 := 7.5cm
4
D1
T :=
1
2 CP
D2

u1

Maximum T change occurrs for infinite D2:


D2 := cm
4
D1
T :=
1
2 CP
D2

u1

2.26 T1 := 300K

T2 := 520K

Wsdot := 98.8kW

T = 0.023 degC

ndot := 50

H := C P ( T2 T1)

m
s

u1 := 10
kmol
hr

u2 := 3.5
CP :=

m
s

Ans.

molwt := 29

kg
kmol

7
R
2

3 kJ

H = 6.402 10

kmol

By Eq. (2.30):

u22 u12

Qdot := H +

molwt ndot Wsdot Qdot = 9.904 kW Ans.


2

u
H =
2 gc

2.27 By Eq. (2.32b):

By continunity,
constant area

u2 = u1

V2

u2 = u1

V1

T2 P1 2
u = u1 1
T1 P2

also
T 2 P1

T 1 P2

H = CP T =

10

V2
V1

T 2 P1

T 1 P2

u = u2 u1
7
R ( T2 T1)
2

P1 := 100 psi
R = 3.407

P2 := 20 psi
ft lbf

molwt := 28

mol rankine

T2 := 578 rankine

u1 := 21

ft
s

T1 := 579.67 rankine

gm
mol

(guess)

u1 T2 P1
7
R ( T 2 T 1) =
1 molwt
2
2 T1 P2

Given

T2 := Find ( T2)

T2 = 578.821 rankine

Ans.

(119.15 degF)

2.28 u1 := 3

m
s

u2 := 200

m
s

H1 := 334.9
2

By Eq. (2.32a):

m
s
m
u2 := 500
s

2.29 u1 := 30

By Eq. (2.32a):

u2 u1
Q := H 2 H1 +
2

H1 := 3112.5

kJ
kg

H2 := 2726.5

kJ
kg

Q = 2411.6

H2 := 2945.7

kJ
kg

kJ
kg

Ans.

kJ
kg

(guess)
2

Given
u2 = 578.36

H2 H 1 =
m
s

u1 u2

u2 := Find ( u2)

Ans.
3

D1 := 5 cm

cm
V1 := 388.61
gm

Continuity:

D2 := D 1

u1 V 2
u2 V 1
11

cm
V2 := 667.75
gm
D2 = 1.493 cm

Ans.

2.30 (a)

t1 := 30 degC
CV := 20.8

By Eq. (2.19):

t2 := 250 degC

n := 3 mol

J
mol degC
Q := n CV ( t2 t 1)

Q = 13.728 kJ

Ans.

Take into account the heat capacity of the vessel; then


mv := 100 kg

cv := 0.5

kJ
kg degC

Q := ( mv cv + n C V) ( t 2 t1)
(b)

t1 := 200 degC
CP := 29.1

t2 := 40 degC

Ans.

n := 4 mol

joule
mol degC

By Eq. (2.23):
2.31 (a) t1 := 70 degF
CV := 5

Q = 11014 kJ

BTU
mol degF

Q := n CV ( t2 t 1)

Q := n CP ( t2 t 1)

Q = 18.62 kJ

t2 := 350 degF

n := 3 mol

By Eq. (2.19):
Q = 4200 BTU

Ans.

Take account of the heat capacity of the vessel:


mv := 200 lbm

cv := 0.12

Q := ( mv cv + n C V) ( t 2 t1)
(b) t1 := 400 degF
CP := 7

BTU
mol degF

Q := n CP ( t2 t 1)

BTU
lbm degF

Q = 10920 BTU

t2 := 150 degF

Ans.

n := 4 mol

By Eq. (2.23):
Q = 7000 BTU
12

Ans.

Ans.

2.33

H1 := 1322.6

BTU
lbm
3

H2 := 1148.6

ft
V2 := 78.14
lbm

2
D 1 u1
4
mdot :=
V1

mdot = 3.463 10

V2

2
D2
4

u2 = 22.997

Wdot := Ws mdot

ft
V1 := 9.25
lbm

2
D 1 u1
4
mdot :=
V1
u2 := mdot

V2

2
D2
4

D1 := 3 in

D2 := 10 in

sec

ft
sec

u2 u1

Eq. (2.32a): Ws := H 2 H1 +

BTU
lbm

ft
s

4 lb

H1 := 307

u1 := 10

ft
V1 := 3.058
lbm

u2 := mdot

2.34

BTU
lbm

Ws = 173.99

Wdot = 39.52 hp

H2 := 330

BTU
lbm

BTU
lb

Ans.

u1 := 20

ft
s

molwt := 44

ft
V2 := 0.28
lbm

D1 := 4 in

mdot = 679.263
u2 = 9.686

lb
hr

ft
sec

D2 := 1 in

Ws := 5360

BTU
lbmol

u2 u1
Ws
BTU
Eq. (2.32a): Q := H 2 H1 +

Q = 98.82
2
molwt
lbm
Qdot := mdot Q

Qdot = 67128
13

BTU
hr

Ans.

gm
mol

2.36

T1 := 300 K

V1 := 83.14

P := 1 bar

3
bar cm T1

mol K P

n :=

1 kg
gm
28.9
mol

n = 34.602 mol

cm
mol

V1 = 24942

2
W = n P dV = n P ( V1 V 2) = n P (V 1 3 V 1)
V
1

W := n P 2 V1

Whence

T 2 = T 1

Given:
CP := 29

V2
V1

= T 1 3

Q = 602.08 kJ

Q+W
n

U = 12.41

kJ
mol

Ans.

T2 := 3 T1

Whence

H := C P ( T2 T1)

joule
mol K

Q := n H
U :=

W = 172.61 kJ

H = 17.4

kJ
mol

Ans.

Ans.
Ans.

2.37 Work exactly like Ex. 2.10: 2 steps, (a) & (b). A value is required for PV/T,
namely R.
R = 8.314

J
mol K

(a) Cool at const V1 to P2


(b) Heat at const P2 to T2
Ta2 := T1

P2
P1

Tb := T2 Ta2

T1 := 293.15 K

T2 := 333.15 K

P1 := 1000 kPa

P2 := 100 kPa

CP :=

7
R
2

CV :=

5
R
2

Ta2 = 29.315 K
Tb = 303.835 K

14

Ta := Ta2 T1

Ta = 263.835 K

3 J

Hb := C P Tb

Hb = 8.841 10

Ua := C V Ta
V1 :=

R T1
P1

mol
3 J
Ua = 5.484 10
mol
3
3 m

V1 = 2.437 10

mol

V2 :=

R T2

m
V2 = 0.028
mol

P2

Ha := U a + V1 ( P2 P1)

Ha = 7.677 10

Ub := Hb P2 (V 2 V1)

Ub = 6.315 10

3 J

mol

3 J

U := Ua + U b

U = 0.831

kJ
mol

Ans.

H := Ha + H b

H = 1.164

kJ
mol

Ans.

15

mol

You might also like