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Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design

The document summarizes Chapter 6 of Donald Neamen's textbook "Microelectronics". The chapter discusses basic BJT amplifier configurations including common-emitter, common-base, and emitter-follower amplifiers. It also covers multistage amplifiers such as cascode and Darlington pair amplifiers. Analysis techniques including developing small-signal equivalent circuits and determining voltage gains are presented.

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Mei Qii
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
148 views

Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design

The document summarizes Chapter 6 of Donald Neamen's textbook "Microelectronics". The chapter discusses basic BJT amplifier configurations including common-emitter, common-base, and emitter-follower amplifiers. It also covers multistage amplifiers such as cascode and Darlington pair amplifiers. Analysis techniques including developing small-signal equivalent circuits and determining voltage gains are presented.

Uploaded by

Mei Qii
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

26/1/2012

Microelectronics

Circuit Analysis and Design


Donald A. Neamen
Chapter 6
Basic BJT Amplifiers

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-1

In this chapter, we will:


Understand the concept of an analog signal and
the principle of a linear amplifier.
Investigate how a transistor circuit can amplify a
small, time-varying input signal.
Discuss and compare the three basic transistor
amplifier configurations.
Analyze the common-emitter amplifier.
Understand the ac load line & determine the
maximum symmetrical swing of the output.
Analyze the emitter-follower amplifier.
Analyze the common-base amplifier.
Analyze multitransistor or multistage amplifiers.
circuit. Understand the concept of signal power
gain in an amplifier
Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-2

26/1/2012

Common Emitter
with Time-Varying Input

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-3

IB Versus VBE
Characteristic

iB I BQ (1

Neamen

vbe
) I B ib
VT
Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-4

26/1/2012

ac Equivalent Circuit
for Common Emitter

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-5

Small-Signal Hybrid p Model for npn BJT


gm
rp

I CQ
VT

VT
I CQ

g m rp

Phasor signals are shown in parentheses.


Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-6

26/1/2012

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit Using


Common-Emitter Current Gain

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-7

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit for


npn Common Emitter circuit

Av ( g m RC )(
Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

rp
)
rp RB

Chapter 6-8

26/1/2012

Problem-Solving Technique:
BJT AC Analysis
1. Analyze circuit with only dc sources to find Q
point.
2. Replace each element in circuit with smallsignal model, including the hybrid p model for
the transistor.
3. Analyze the small-signal equivalent circuit
after setting dc source components to zero.

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-9

Transformation of Elements
Element

DC Model

AC Model

Resistor

Capacitor

Open

Inductor

Short

+Vg, rf

rd = VT/ID

+ VS -

Short

Diode

Independent Constant
Voltage Source
Independent Constant
Current Source
Neamen

IS

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Open
Chapter 6-10

26/1/2012

Hybrid p Model for npn with Early Effect

ro
Neamen

VA
I CQ

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-11

Hybrid p Model for pnp with Early Effect

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-12

26/1/2012

Expanded Hybrid p Model for npn

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-13

h-Parameter Model for npn

hie rb rp r
h fe

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

hre

rp
r

hoe

1 1

r
ro

Chapter 6-14

26/1/2012

T-Model of an npn BJT

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-15

4 Equivalent 2-port Networks


Voltage Amplifier

Current Amplifier

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-16

26/1/2012

4 Equivalent 2-port Networks


Transconductance
Amplifier

Transresistance
Amplifier

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-17

Common Emitter with Voltage-Divider


Bias and a Coupling Capacitor

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-18

26/1/2012

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit


Coupling Capacitor Assumed a Short

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-19

npn Common Emitter


with Emitter Resistor

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-20

10

26/1/2012

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit:


Common Emitter with RE

Rib rp (1 ) RE
Ri R1 R 2 Rib
Av
Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

RC
Ri
(
)
rp (1 ) RE Ri RS
Chapter 6-21

RE and Emitter Bypass Capacitor

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-22

11

26/1/2012

Current Source Biasing and


Nonlinear Load

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-23

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit with


Current Biasing and Nonlinear Load

Av g m (ro rc )
Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-24

12

26/1/2012

dc AND ac Load Lines:


RE and Emitter Bypass Capacitor

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-25

Problem-Solving Technique:
Maximum Symmetrical Swing
1. Write dc load line equation that relates ICQ
and VCEQ.
2. Write ac load line equations that relates ic
and vce
3. In general, ic = ICQ IC(min), where IC(min)
is zero or other minimum collector current.
4. In general, vce = VCEQ VCE(min), where
VCE(min) is some specified minimum
collector-emitter voltage.
5. Combine above 4 equations to find optimum
ICQ and VCEQ.
Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-26

13

26/1/2012

Common-Collector
or Emitter-Follower Amplifier

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-27

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit:


Emitter Follower

Rib rp (1 )(ro RE )
Ri R1 R2 R ib
Av
Neamen

(1 )(ro RE )

Ri
)
rp (1 )(ro RE ) Ri RS

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-28

14

26/1/2012

Output Resistance:
Emitter Follower

Ro

Neamen

rp
RE ro
1

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-29

Common-Base Amplifier

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-30

15

26/1/2012

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit:


Common Base

Av g m ( RC RL )
Ai g m (
Neamen

RC
r
)[ p RE ]
RC RL 1

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-31

Input Resistance:
Common Base

Rie = rp/(1+)

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-32

16

26/1/2012

Output Resistance:
Common Base

RO = RC

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-33

Common Emitter Cascade Amplifier

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-34

17

26/1/2012

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit:


Cascade Amplifier

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-35

Darlington Pair

Ai 1 2
Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-36

18

26/1/2012

Cascode Amplifier

Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-37

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit:


Cascode Amplifier

Av g m1 ( RC RL )
Neamen

Microelectronics, 4e
McGraw-Hill

Chapter 6-38

19

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