Scribd
Upload
168 views

Enzyme Terminology

This document defines key terms related to enzymes and provides a classification system for enzymes. It describes substrates, coenzymes, cofactors, apoenzymes, prosthetic groups, holoenzymes, active sites, allosteric sites, and inhibitors. It then classifies enzymes into seven main categories based on their chemical reactions: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases/synthetases, and kinases.

Uploaded by

Alodia Eunicia Orata Castillo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
168 views

Enzyme Terminology

This document defines key terms related to enzymes and provides a classification system for enzymes. It describes substrates, coenzymes, cofactors, apoenzymes, prosthetic groups, holoenzymes, active sites, allosteric sites, and inhibitors. It then classifies enzymes into seven main categories based on their chemical reactions: oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases/synthetases, and kinases.

Uploaded by

Alodia Eunicia Orata Castillo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 1

Enzyme terminology

Substrate - specific site where


enzymes are working
Coenzyme - nonprotein
compound necessary for the
functioning of an enzyme
Cofactor - (helper molecules)
assist in biochemical
transformations
Apoenzyme - inactive
enzyme, only activates upon
binding of an organic or
inorganic cofactor
Prosthetic group Holoenzyme - made up of an
apoenzyme & cofactor.
Completely active (DNA
polymerase & RNA
polymerase)
Active site
Inhibitor - slows down
Allosteric site - where
inhibitors and activators can
bind
Urease - hydrolysis of urea

Classification of enzymes
Ex. reactants ---------->
products
ENZYME
1. Oxidoreductase oxidation/reduction reaction
Lactate <------------> pyruvate + h+
Enzyme: Lactate dehydrogenase

2. Transferase - transfer of a group


Aspartate a-ketoglutarate ->
oxaloacetate glutamate
Enzyme: Aspartate transaminase

3. Hydrolase - hydrolysis reactions


with the help of water forming 2
products
4. Lyase - removal or formation if
double bonds
Cis-aconitate --------> isocitrate
Enzyme: Aconitase
5. Isomerase - rearrangement of
atoms or bonds in the molecule
Glucose-6-phosphate ------>
fructose-6-ohosphase
Enzyme: Glucose-6-phosphate
isomerase/Phosphohexose
isomeras/phosphoglucose
isomerase

6. Ligase/synthetase - links two


molecules to synthesize a product
- always has ATP on reactant
Amino acid + ATP -----> aminoacylAMP
Enzyme: aminoacyl-tRNA
synthetase
7. Kinase - product is ATP

You might also like