IMMACULATE HEART OF MARY ACADEMY

Madrid Blvd. Pinamalayan Oriental Mindoro

GUAVA EXTRACT AS AN ALTERNATIVE ANTIFUNGAL SOAP

A Science Investigatory Project

Presented by:
Shekainah I. Lacdang

Presented to:
Sir. Mark Anthony Magcamit
(Adviser)

January 2016
Abstract
0

This study was conducted to prove if guava leaves extract is alternative for producing an
antifungal soap. This study aims to prove if guava soap is effective in fighting fungal infections
and it strive to prove if it can be a substitute product from the commercial one.
The researcher come up to this study to help the society who are most problematic of
fungal infections due to the natural devastations like floods.
To produce an alternative antifungal soap the researcher did the step by step procedure.
First the materials needed in making the soap were all gathered. Using the electronic kitchen
scale, the ingredients were all weighed and measured. In a mixing container, the 50 grams of
olive oil was placed. Then the 200 grams of castor oil, 200 grams of coconut oil and Shea butter
were mixed into the container. Using the stick blender, the carrier oils were mixed and set aside
for a while. The 50 grams of purified water was added to the 2.5 grams of potassium sorbate.
After that, a pinch of sodium bicarbonate was added into the mixture and was mixed using a
disposable spoon then set aside. The 80.91 grams of sodium hydroxide was poured into the
frozen guava extract. The researcher wore gloves to protect the skin from the sodium hydroxide.
Then the sea salt solution was added to it. The solution was mixed in a plastic ware until the
frozen guava extract was molten. Then carrier oils were mixed into the mixture. The solution was
mixed by the stick blender. Then the preservatives were mixed into it. The citric acid was added.
The mixture was poured into the mould. Lastly, it was rested until two days before unmoulding
to ensure that it was harden.
The researcher observe that Guava soap is effective and suitable for skin by testing it to
the people who have fungal infections. The testing shows that Guava soap is effective in fighting
fungal infections.

Acknowledgement

This study wouldnt be possible without the love and everlasting assistance from the
researchers family, who supported her until the end even the researcher experienced
discouragement.
The researcher would not forget to acknowledge Mr. Arman Narciso, who extended the
time in explaining the whole goal of the research and gave words that encourage the researcher.
Furthermore, the researcher would like to thank Dra. Bauson who helped and taught the
easy ways in making the product.
Most of all, to God the Father who gave strength and wisdom. For without his unfailing
love and guidance this study would never be realized.

Table of Contents

Abstract
1
Acknowledgement ..2
Table of Contents 3
Chapter I Introduction..4
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

Statement of the Problem. 4

Hypothesis.................................4
Objectives .5
Significance of the Study..5
Scopes and Limitations.... .6
Background of the Study..6

Chapter II Review of Related Literature7

a. Review of Related Literature8

Chapter III Methodology9

a. Materials ..9
b. Procedure .9

Chapter IV Results and Discussion10

a. Findings ....11

Chapter V Conclusion and Recommendation.12

a. Conclusion 12
b. Recommendation ..12
Bibliography ... 13
Appendices 15

Chapter I
Introduction
Nowadays, people are being problematic because of fungi. Some people especially the
one who are being affected by the natural devastation such as typhoon, floods etc. Fungi can
caught from dirty water like flood. It can also be caught from the air. People who are living
especially in the Philippines are very conservative of their bodies. They do not want a dirty body
but fungi are everywhere it do not choose whose body that will be the target. Fungi are easy to
remove but with a routine. Some people didnt know and do not understand that fungi can lead
into serious problem if not treated quickly.
In order to help the people who are suffering from fungal infections. The researcher
conducted a study to prove if Guava extract can be an alternative additive to produce an
antifungal soap. Guava(Psidium Guajava Linn) is easily to be seen in our surroundings most
common areas where guava are grown in open areas, forests, Backyards etc. It was a local plant
that is very common in the Philippines. Guava is also known because of its antiseptic properties.
Guava has healing property that can treat wounds such as cuts, impacts, abrasion etc. The
antifungal and antibacterial agent that prevent infection and reduces inflammation.

Statement of the Problem

These are the following problems that the researcher wanted to answer:
1.) Is there any significant difference of using guava extract, natural oils such as Coconut oil,
Castor oil, and Olive oil, Shea butter and sodium hydroxide from the commercial one?
2.) Does the color of the Guava antifungal soap changed within weeks?
3.) Does the Guava antifungal soap is effective in preventing and curing the fungal infections
than the commercial one?

Alternative Hypothesis
1.) There is significant difference of using Guava extract, Coconut oil, Castor oil, and Olive oil,
Shea butter, Sodium hydroxide from the commercial one because mostly of its ingredients are
natural because almost all of the ingredients are natural oils while commercial one are harmful
for the skin because it contains too much chemicals.
2.) The color of Guava antifungal soap changed within a weeks because of the process of
evaporation.
3.) The Guava antifungal soap is effective in preventing and curing the fungal infections than the
commercial one because guava contains healing property that can treat wounds such as cuts,
impacts, abrasion etc. It has antifungal and antibacterial agent that prevent infection and reduces
inflammation.
Null Hypothesis
7

1.) There is no any significant difference of using Guava extract, Coconut oil, Castor oil Olive
oil, Shea butter, and Sodium Hydroxide from the commercial one.
2.) The color of guava antifungal soap didnt change within a week.
3.) Guava antifungal soap is not effective in preventing and curing the fungal infections than the
commercial one.

Objectives
General Objectives
This study strives to prove if Guava Soap can be use as an alternative antifungal soap. It
aims to prove and know if Guava Soap can be a substitute product from the commercial one.

Specific Objectives
This study aims to prove if guava Soap is suitable for the skin, to determine the exact
amount and combination of guava extract, Coconut oil, Castor oil, and Olive oil, Shea butter,
Sodium hydroxide and to know what is more effective between Guava Soap and commercial
one.

Significance of the Study

In the present, society is facing many problems. Some of the people are suffering from
financial problems. People especially in the Philippines, are very conservative if body is the
topic. Even they are conservative diseases cannot be prevented by people. Mostly of the
population who suffer from fungi are the one who cannot afford to buy medicines that are needed
to cute it. Most of antifungal medicines are expensive. The relevance of the study to the society
is it can help people to lessen their common problems by using the product.
Scope and Limitation
This research is only focused in producing an alternative antifungal soap out of Guava
Extract and to test if it is suitable for the skin.

Background of the Study

Currently, guava is used as herbal medicine and is a shrub that grows wild in the tropical
climate zone. Guava is widely used in the Philippines as herbal medicine. The existence of
modern medicine is possibly made from the discovery of herbal plants. Guava, one of the
amazing plants, has a variety of qualities. It can stop diarrhea and has saved many lives across
the world. There are components in the guava leaf that attack pathogens. It is also antibacterial. It
is one of the reasons that catch attention to the researcher. Aside from that during the months of
May to November are rainy seasons. Flooded areas are usually everywhere, so the researcher
made this product to help those victims who are suffering from fungi and treat the infections so
that their problems will be lessen.

Chapter II
Review of Related Literature

According to Lozoya et al., 1995, 1990 who has published numerous papers on guava
leaf extract, reports maintain a tradition of repeating the [same] data each decade, ignoring
already published observations.

He stated that guava extracts have a) the anti-microbial

capacityconfirming its growth-inhibiting effect particularly on Staphylococcus aureus,

Escherichia coli, and other common entero-pathogenic cultures; (b) the anti-diarrheic measured
as an effect on motility property of intestine; and (c) the sedative effect of some guava extract
measured in animals on locomotor and nervous activity.
Lozoya is telling us that up until recently, the same three tracks of studies have been
repeated again and again. So, scientific studies have proven beyond doubt that guava leaf has
powerful anti-microbial properties, anti-diarrhea properties and it also has a calming (or
sedative) effect on the nervous system.
Guava leaf extract has also been shown to exhibit antioxidant, hepatoprotection, antiallergy, antimicrobial, antigenotoxic, antiplasmodial, cytotoxic, antispasmodic, cardioactive,
anticough, antidiabetic, antiinflamatory and antinociceptive activities, supporting its traditional
uses (Gutierrez et. al. 2008).
The bark and leaf extracts were shown to have in vitro toxic action against numerous
bacteria. (Matsuo et, al., 1996)

10

The long history of Guava( Psidium guajava) use has led modern day researchers to study
guava extracts(Manosroi et al., 2006)
In this study and research about guava, it is believed that guava(Psidium Guajava) is
amazing plant through hundreds of years past. Guava leaves is a very useful and important part
of the plant because most of its nutrients are found there. Guava is believed to be amazing
because of its components.According to Limsong et al., 2002 Guava(Psidium Guajava)and leaf
extracts have the antimicrobial activities. It is determined by disk diffusion method.
Guava is a common tropical fruit cultivated and enjoyed in many tropical and
subtropicalregions. Guava (Psidium guajava) is a small tree in the myrtle family.Guava extract is
from the guava leaves that have many nutrients.
Soap is substance used with water for washing and cleaning.
Coconut oil is also known as copra oil is edible oil extracted from the kernel or meat of
matured coconuts harvested from the coconut palm. It has various applications in food, medicine
and industry.
Castor oil is a vegetable oil obtained by pressing the seed of the castor oil plant ( Ricinus
communis). Castor oil is colorless to very pale yellow liquid with a distinct taste and odor once
first ingested.
Olive oil is fat obtained from the olive, a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean basin. The
oil is produce by pressing whole olives.

11

Shea butter is an off-white or ivory- colored fat extracted from the nut of the African Shea
tree ( vitellaria paradoxa). Shea butter is a Triglyceride fat derive mainly from the stearic acid
and oleic acid it is widely used in cosmetics as a moisturizer, salve, or lotion.
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is also known as LYE and caustic soda. It is an inorganic
compound. It is a white solid and highly caustic metallic base and alkali salt which is available in
pellets, flake, granules, and as prepared solutions at a number of different concentration.
Preservative is used to preserve foodstuff, wood or other materials against decay
Sodium bicarbonate it is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCo3. Sodium
bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder. It is also known
as baking soda.
Potassium Sorbate is also known as yeast is a white salt that is very soluble in water. It is
primarily used as a food preservative.
Sea salt solution is a solution of any salt specifically an isotonic sodium chloride solution.
Citric acid is weak organic acid. It is natural preservative/ conservative which occurs
naturally in citrus fruits and is also used to add an acidic or sour taste to foods and drinks.

Chapter III
12

Methodology
The materials that the researcher used for making the product are 50 grams of purified water,
80.91 grams of sodium hydroxide, 200 grams of coconut oil, 200 grams of castor oil, 50 grams
of olive oil, 50 grams of Shea butter, 110 grams of frozen guava extracts, 15 grams of sea salt
solution, 2.5 of Potassium Sorbate, a pinch of sodium bicarbonate, 15 grams of citric acid,
Electronic kitchen scale, Stick blender, Mixing container, Disposable spoons, Plastic wares,
Scrapers, and lastly is mould.
To produce an alternative antifungal soap the researcher did the step by step procedure. First
the materials needed in making the soap were all gathered. Using the electronic kitchen scale, the
ingredients were all weighed and measured. In a mixing container, the 50 grams of olive oil was
placed. Then the 200 grams of castor oil, 200 grams of coconut oil and Shea butter were mixed
into the container. Using the stick blender, the carrier oils were mixed and set aside for a while.
The 50 grams of purified water was added to the 2.5 grams of potassium sorbate. After that, a
pinch of sodium bicarbonate was added into the mixture and was mixed using a disposable spoon
then set aside. The 80.91 grams of sodium hydroxide was poured into the frozen guava extract.
The researcher wore gloves to protect the skin from the sodium hydroxide. Then the sea salt
solution was added to it. The solution was mixed in a plastic ware until the frozen guava extract
was molten. Then carrier oils were mixed into the mixture. The solution was mixed by the stick
blender. Then the preservatives were mixed into it. The citric acid was added. The mixture was
poured into the mould. Lastly, it was rested until two days before unmoulding to ensure that it
was harden.
Chapter IV

13

Results and Discussion

Findings

Table 1.1 Difference between the ordinary antifungal soap with Guava anti fungal soap

Ordinary

price
More

antifungal

expensive

soap
Guava

Expensive

odor
Better

texture
Fine

color
Green

effectiveness
Effective

good

fine

Natural

effective

antifungal

color(yellowish

soap

Table 1.1 shows that ordinary antifungal soap and Guava antifungal soap have the same
effectiveness and texture. The difference of the two is its color, price and odor. The guava
antifungal soap are green because some of was added with artificial colors. The price of two
soaps has little difference. The ordinary antifungal soap is more expensive than the guava soap. It
is said that soaps like the commercial ones have many chemicals and is easy to be made because
it contains too much chemicals that is why it is cheap.

Table 2.1 Color of the guava antifungal soap

14

Day1 Day2 Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Day 7

Day 8

Day 9

Day10

whit

whit

yellowis

yellowis

yellowis

yellowis

yellowis

yellowis

yellowis

yellowish

colo
r

Table 2.1 shows that the color of the guava anti fungal soap changes within weeks of
observation. In day 1 and day 2, the color is white. The color changed into yellowish color in day
3 up to day 10. The color changed because of the humidity and evaporation.

Table 3.1 the effectiveness between ordinary antifungal soap and Guava antifungal soap

Ordinary antifungal soap

Guava antifungal soap

White spots
effective
effective

Eczema
More effective
effective

Table 3.1 shows the effectiveness between the ordinary antifungal soap and Guava antifungal
soap. The soaps were used by people with white spots and eczema. It was observed a week to
know if what is more effective between the two soaps and can cure quickly. The table above only
shows that the two soaps can cure white spots while the ordinary antifungal soap is more
effective than Guava antifungal soap in curing Eczema.

Chapter V
Conclusion and Recommendation
15

Conclusion
The researcher concluded that Guava antifungal soap can be a substitute commercial
antifungal soap. There is significant difference of using Guava extract, coconut oil castor oil,
olive oil, Shea butter and sodium hydroxide from the commercial one because even it has the
same quality, guava soap is less expensive. It can also prevent fungal infections and moisturizes
the ski. Guava soap doesnt have any negative effects. The guava soap is stocked within one
month for the evaporation process for the consumers to not suffer from itchiness.

Recommendation
Based on the conclusion, the researcher recommending that:
1. Future researcher can also test other medicinal properties of guava based on its
components.
2. Guava can be used only for external.
3. It is also recommended that guava leaves must be extracted to get the pure nutrients

Bibliography

16

T
G
a
E
h
g
W
x
M
d
ln
rB
u
o
tiP
s
e
c

These are the references that the researcher use for the research and that serves as guide and
pattern:

Magazine:

Bato Balani (for the arrangement of the study)

Sites:

www.google.com
www.scribd.com
www.studymode.com

17

Appendices
Ingredients
Sodium hydroxide
Castor oil
Shea butter
Potassium sorbate
Sodium bicarbonate

Price
520.00
150.00
150.00
5.00
5.00

18

Scale (effectiveness of guava extracts as an alternative antifungal soap )

5- Excellent
4-Good
3-Average
2-Fair
1-Poor

19

Respondents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

Effectiveness
3
2
4
3
3
3
3
4
5
3
2
3
5
4
4
4
3
2
5
3
3
3
4
2
3
3
5
3
3
2

Table 1.1

20

Table 1.1 shows that 30 respondents tried the guava soap in the first week. 4 out of 30
respondents rated said that guava antifungal soap is excellent in fighting fungi. 6 out of 30
respondents said that guava soap is good and 15 out of 30 respondents rated average
effectiveness of guava soap and only 5 respondents said that the effectiveness of guava soap is
fair.

Table 1.2
Respondents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

Effectiveness
4
4
3
5
4
4
3
4
5
5
3
3
5
4
4
4
3
3
4
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
5
3
21

29
30

3
3

Table 1.2 shows the ratings of the respondents after 2 weeks. 5 out of 30 respondents
rated 5(excellent). 10 out of 30 respondents rated 4(good). And 15 out of 30 respondents rated 3 (
average) .

22