Scribd
Upload
380 views

Modal Analysis - Solved Example

This document describes the modeling and analysis of a 3-story shear frame structure subjected to earthquake ground motion. It provides key structural properties such as member stiffness, mass distribution, and natural frequencies. The ground acceleration time history is applied and the structure's response is calculated using the modal superposition method. The modal displacements are determined using the central difference method to solve the equations of motion in the modal coordinates.

Uploaded by

Mansoor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
380 views

Modal Analysis - Solved Example

This document describes the modeling and analysis of a 3-story shear frame structure subjected to earthquake ground motion. It provides key structural properties such as member stiffness, mass distribution, and natural frequencies. The ground acceleration time history is applied and the structure's response is calculated using the modal superposition method. The modal displacements are determined using the central difference method to solve the equations of motion in the modal coordinates.

Uploaded by

Mansoor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Widener University

Earthquake Response of Structures


Time History Response
Three Story Shear Frame
SYSTEM INFORMATION:
T

Moment of Inertia:

I [ 42875 42875 42875 ] in

Young's Modulus of Concrete (fc=7000psi):

E 5072.2 ksi

Story Heights:

L [ 12 10.67 10.67 ] ft

GLOBAL STIFFNESS MATRIX:


kip
k1 2621.89
in

kip
k2 3733.13
in

kip
k3 3733.13
in

k1 + k2 k2
0

K k2 k2 + k3 k3

k3
k3
0

6355.02 3733.13

0
kip

K = 3733.13 7466.26 3733.13

0
3733.13 3733.13 in
MASS MATRIX:
2165.74 kip
m1
g
2165.74 kip
m2
g
2165.74 kip
m3
g
m1 0 0
M 0 m2 0

0 0 m3

NATURAL FREQUENCIES
Mansoor Illahi

m1 = 67313.257 slug

Mass of First Floor

m2 = 67313.257 slug

Mass of Second Floor

m3 = 67313.257 slug

Mass of Third Floor

67313.257

0
0

slug
M=
0
67313.257
0

0
0
67313.257

Page 1 of 11

NATURAL FREQUENCIES:

DM

1132.916 665.509

0
1

D = 665.509 1331.017 665.509


2

0
665.509 665.509 s

1
eigenvals (D)
2
s
sort ()

Eigenvalues:

106.752
1
= 924.024
2098.666 s 2

Number of Modes:

n3

Natural Circular Frequency:

10.332
rad
= 30.398
45.811 s

Natural Period:

2
T
i

0.608
T = 0.207 s
0.137

i1n

Mode Shapes:

eigenvec D ,
i
i

0.385
= 0.593
1
0.707

0.756
= 0.237
2
0.611

0.53
= 0.769
3
0.357

Eigenvector Matrix:

augment , ,
1 2 3

Mansoor Illahi

0.385 0.756 0.53


= 0.593 0.237 0.769
0.707 0.611 0.357

Page 2 of 11

EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION (NORTHR/MUL279):


Time Variables:
Time Increment:

t 0.01 s

t = 0.01 s

Number of data Points:

N 8900

N = 8900

Range of Data Points:

j1N4

Starting Time:

tstart 0 s

Time Step Array:

t tstart + j t

tstart = 0 s

Seismic Data:
www.strongmotioncenter.org
Record of Fri Apr 18, 2008 04:37:37.0 CDT
(Avol1 v7.5 7/07 CSMIP)

CSMIP Preliminary Processing


(Origin: To be determined)

02407-K4180-08109.01
Start time: 4/18/08, 09:37:37.0 UTC (GPS)

Station No. 2407 38.494N, 90.281W


K2 s/n 4180 (3 Channels)

St. Louis - Jefferson Barracks VAMC USGS

Chan 1: 90 Deg

Record of Fri Apr 18, 2008 04:37:37.0 CDT Fri Apr 18, 2008 04:37:37.0 CDT
Hypocenter: To be determined.
ML: To be determined.

Instr Period = .0049 sec, Damping = .700, Sensitivity = 1.25 v/g (Nominal)

Record length = 89.000 sec.

8900 points of accel data equally spaced at .010 sec, in cm/sec2.


cm
Edata READEXCEL (.\CE 634 Project Data (Raw).xlsx , Data2!A1:H1113)
2
s

Edata =

Mansoor Illahi

0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003

0.002 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.003


cm

0.005 0.002 0.006 0.01


0.002 0.011
s2

0.019 0.023 0.016 0.001 0.012 0

0.013 0.04 0.051 0.038 0.016 0.016

Page 3 of 11

Table data
nper_row 8

8 data points per row

N
nrow
nper_row

nrow = 1112.5

Table Edata

nrow 1112

Transpose the data

1
ag ag Table
for j 1 nrow 1
j

a stack ag , Table
g

ag

Stack the columns from Table to form a


vector containing the ground acceleration

Create the "unity" vector that applies the ground acceleration


to the horizontal translational degree of freedom. All DOF are
horizontal translation DOF, therefore:

one [ 1 1 1 ]

GROUND ACCELERATION VS. TIME PLOT:

0.025
0.02
0.015
0.01
0.005

ag ( g )

-0.005
-0.01
-0.015
-0.02
-0.025

0.01

1.99 2.98 3.97 4.96 5.95 6.94 7.93 8.92 9.91 10.9 11.8912.8813.8714.8615.8516.8417.8318.8219.81 20.8

t (s)

Mansoor Illahi

Page 4 of 11

Specify Initial Conditions


T

Initial Displacement:

x0 [ 0 0 0 ] in

Initial Velocity:

T
in
v0 [ 0 0 0 ]
sec

Transform initial conditions to modal coordinates


T

M x0
i
q0
T
i
M
i
i

0
q0 = 0 in
0

M v0
i
q'0
T
i
M
i
i

0
in
q'0 = 0
0 s

Calculate modal stiffnesses


Km

T
K

598.819
kip
Km = 5183.255
11772.336 in

i,i

Calculate modal mass terms


Mm

T
M

67313.257
Mm = 67313.257 slug
67313.257

i,i

Define modal damping ratios


T

Modal Damping Ratio:

m [ 0.03 0.04 0.05 ]

Cm 2 Mm m

3477.4
s
Cm = 13641.1 lbf
in
25697.5

Transform modal damping matrix to natural coordinates for use in Part 2:

i
2 m
i
i M
m
i

Mansoor Illahi

0
0

1
slug s slug s

0
0

2
slug

s
slug

0
0

3

slug s slug s
Page 5 of 11

15522.18 7236.219 483.009


s
Cnat = 7236.219 17193.175 7575.451 lbf
in
483.009 7575.451 10100.734

Cnat M M

Inertial forces in modal coordinates

M one

9453.152
2
lbf s
= 2144.033
in
662.142

i
norm
i
Mm

1.685
norm = 0.382
i
0.118

i,j

ag
i

3 , 2472

lb ft
= 19139.083
2
s

Calculate modal displacements using central difference method.


Calculate the starting acceleration

0
in
a0 = 0
0 s 2

1
a0
P Cm q'0 Km q0
i
i
i
i
i
Mm i , 1

a0 t

fictitious displacement q-1.

qm q0 t q'0
i
i
i
2

Calculate the central difference coefficients for each mode.


4 Mm 2 Km t
i

A
i
Cm t + 2 Mm
i

Mansoor Illahi

Cm t 2 Mm
i

B
i
Cm t + 2 Mm
i

2 t
C
i
Cm t + 2 Mm
i

Page 6 of 11

Calculate the modal response


Revised Number of Data Points:

N 3246

problem is the data


is cut off

qnN

for i 1 3

qi , 1 q0i

qi , 2 Ai q0i + Bi qmi + Ci Pi , 1

for i 1 3
for j 3 , 4 n 1

+B q
+C P
q A q
i
i,j1
i
i,j2
i
i,j1

i,j

Plot Time-Histories for the Modal Displacements


0.024

0.02

0.016

0.012

0.008

1,j

(in)0.004
0

q
q

2,j

3,j

(in)
-0.004

(in)-0.008
-0.012

-0.016

-0.02

-0.024

10

15

20

25

t (s)

30

35

40

45

50

Mansoor Illahi

Page 7 of 11

Calculate response in natural (displacement) coordinates


x q
k

k1n

index for number of nodes

n=3

1
i=2
3

For time series calculations

Displacement:

x ( q)
i

Natural Displacement Response


0.043
0.034
0.026

1,j

(in)0.017
0.009
0

2,j

(in-0.009
)
-0.017
-0.026

3,j

(in-0.034
)
-0.043
0

10

15

20

25

t (s)

30

35

40

45

50

Plot Mode Shapes:


In order to plot the mode shapes, we add a "node" at the base of the frame.

stack 0 ,
i
i

and generate story heights

0 ft

L
1

h L +L
1
2

L1 + L2 + L3

Mansoor Illahi

0.385
=
1
0.593
0.707
Zero line for plot

0
0
z
0
0

Page 8 of 11

Mode Shapes

35

31.5

28

24.5

21

17.5

h (ft)

14

h (ft) 10.5
h (ft)

h (ft)

3.5

-0.9

-0.75

-0.6

-0.45

-0.3

-0.15

0.15

0.3

0.45

0.6

0.75

Mansoor Illahi

Page 9 of 11

Determine Interstory Drift:


First Story Drift:

1
x1 max x = 0.026 in

Second Story Drift:

2
x2 max x x1 = 0.012 in

Third Story Drift:

3
x3 max x x2 = 0.03 in

Maximum Story Drift:

Xmax max x1 , x2 , x3

Xmax = 0.03 in

x1 0.026
x x2 = 0.012 in
0.03
x3

Determine Interstory Force:

192.014
F = 225.589 kip
112.795
Calculate the Relative Acceleration Response:
(Using Central Difference Method)

F diag (K) Xmax

q'' n N

for i 1 3

qi , 1 q0i

qi , 2 Ai q0i + Bi qmi + Ci Pi , 1

for i 1 3

qm 2 q0 + q
i
i,2
i


q''

i,1
t

for i 1 3
for j 3 , 4 n 1

+B q
+C P
q A q

i
i,j1
i i,j2
i
i,j1
i,j

for i 1 3
for j 2 n 2

q

2q +q
i,j
i , j + 1

i,j1
q''

i , j
2
t


for i 1 3

q''i , n 1 q''i , n 2

q''

C
tM d lA
Mansoor Illahi

ti

t N t

lC

di

Page 10 of 11

Convert Modal Acceleration to Natural Coordinates:


For time series calculations:
x''r q''
k

Absolute Acceleration:
1

in
x''r1 max x''r = 37.898
2
s
2

in
x''r2 max x''r x''r1 = 9.213
2
s
3

in
x''r3 max x''r x''r2 = 32.091
2
s
Maxima:

Amax max x''r1 , x''r2 , x''r3

Amax = 0.098 g

Maximum Absolute Acceleration in Terms of Gravity at Each


Level for each instant of time

0.1
0.08
0.06

x''r

1,j

(g)

0.04
0.02
0
0

x''r

2,j

(g)

18

27

36

45

54

63

72

81

90

-0.02
-0.04
-0.06

x''r

3,j

(g)

-0.08
-0.1
-0.12

t (s)
j

Mansoor Illahi

Page 11 of 11

You might also like