vem) dutch goal category all-round confidence language content + learn to speak, understand and write dutch * progress quickly beyond the basics + explore the language in depth be where you want to be with teach yourselfteach yourself dutch gerdi quist and dennis strik The teach yourself series does exactly what it says, and it works. For over 60 years, more than 40 milion people have learnt over 750 subjects the teach yourself way, with impressive results, be where you want to be with teach yourselfFor UK order queries: please contact Bookpoint Ltd, 130 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4SB. Telephone: +44 (0) 1235 827720, Fax: +44 (0) 1235 400454. Lines are open 09.00-18.00, Monday to Saturday, with a 24-hour message answering service. You can also order through our website www.madaboutbooks.com. For USA order queries: please contact McGraw-Hill Customer Services, PO Box 545, Blacklick, OH 43004-0545, USA. Telephone: 1-800-722-4726, Fax: 1-614-755-5645. For Canada order queries: please contact McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd, 300 Water St, Whitby, Ontario L1N 9B6, Canada. Telephone: 905 430 5000. Fax: 905 430 5020. Long renowned as the authoritative source for self-guided learning — with more than 30 million copies sold worldwide - the Teach Yourself series includes over 300 titles in the fields of languages, crafts, hobbies, business, computing and education, Gritish Library Cataloguing in Publication Data: a catalogue record for this title is available from The British Library. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number. on file First published in UK 2003 by Hodder Headline Ltd., 338 Euston Road, London, NW1 3BH. First published in US 2003 by Contemporary Books, a Division of the McGraw-Hill Companies,1 Prudential Plaza, 130 East Randolph Street, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. The ‘Teach Yourself’ name and logo are registered trade marks of Hodder & Stoughton Ltd. Copyright © 2003 Gerdi Quist and Dennis Strik ‘n UK. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Further details of such licences (for ‘teprographic reproduction) may be obtained fram the Copyright cee ‘Agency Limited, of 90 Tottenham Court Road, London HT ALP. Jn US. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be ‘reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written Permission of Contemporary Books. Typeset by Transet Limited, Coventry, England. Printed in Great Britain for Hodder & Stoughton Educational, 2 division of Hodder Headline Ltd., 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH by Cox & Wyman Ltd, Reading, Berkshire. Impressionnumber 10987654324 Year 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 introduction pronunciation 01 02 hallo, kom binnen! hello, come in! 1 introducing yourself and others * saying where you're from * asking people's names « asking how people are * asking what people want to drink wat doe je? what do you do? 11 introducing someone ¢ talking about your family * saying which languages you speak * saying what nationality you are waar woon je? where do you live? 21 asking and answering questions about accommodation * talking about the surrounding area * talking about your living arrangements de boodschappen groceries 37 buying food and groceries * asking for things in shops/markets ¢ saying what you want « saying how much you want © using money weet u de weg? do you know the way? = 551 asking for and giving directions « asking for informationsyuequoo = 07 10 1 12 13 14 leuke schoenen! nice shoes! 64 describing things © colours * clothes « saying whether you like something or not mag ik een retourtje Wageningen? may | have a return to Wageningen? 78 asking questions about public transport + telling the time heeft u een leuke vakantie gehad? did you have a nice holiday? 93 talking about events in the past » describing places « talking about the weather ik heb bloemen voor je meegebracht I’ve brought flowers for you 109 arranging to meet people « inviting people for dinner « talking about dinner * saying what you want « saying what you prefer vroeger in the past 121 times of the day, week, year describing events from the past talking about things you used to do laten we naar Antwerpen gaan let's go to Antwerp 134 expressing likes and dislikes * saying something is or isn't a good idea * making suggestions * talking about food * saying ‘no’ ik stuur je wel een sms-je I'll send you a text message 152 talking to people on the phone « the different uses of the verb zouden * using prepositions ik weet echt niet wat ik wil 1 really don't know what I want 174 career advice and training © skills © using sub-clauses * using interjections ik begrijp precies hoe je je voelt | know exactly how you fee! 193 talking about physical and emotional well-being ik zit zowat de hele dag te computeren I'm on the computer just about the whole day 209 internet services « talking about (travel) insurance * expressions related to money * comparing one thing with another tv wordt steeds banaler tv is becoming more and more banal 224 the media in the Netherlands « giving your own opinion ¢ structuring information * using adverbs key to the exercises 244 appendix 262 Dutch-English glossary 264 English—Dutch glossary 278 grammatical index 289MouyoeR = sj}u9WOa ‘The authors and publishers would like to thank the following for permission to use their material in this book: Algemene Nederlandse Vereniging van VVV’s (anvy); W. Wms Herrebrugh, Zuiderwoude; Prometheus, Amsterdam; Stichting: Fiets!, Amsterdam; Vervoer Bewijzen Nederland B.V.; Toon Hermans; Nederlandse Spoorwegen; Zorn Uitgeverij B.V.; Dienst Omroepbijdragen; Vomar; RTL/de Holland Media Groep S.A. and Neofiet B.V.; Jitse Groen, Director of Internet Thuis Bezorgd Faciliteiten; Egbert van de Coevering, Director of GCT Infomediair B.V.; Libelle. The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate. Before you start Read this introduction. It will give you some general information and an idea of how the book is structured and how to approach the course. It also gives you a few tips for learning. What's in a name? Dutch is the name of the official language spoken in the Netherlands and in the Dutch-speaking northern part of Belgium, Flanders. This whole area is sometimes referred to as the Low Countries. Over 20 million people speak Dutch as their first language, so it is by no means a minority language. The Netherlands is also frequently referred to as Holland, particularly in sporting competions. However, strictly speaking, the name Holland refers only to the two western provinces (Noord-Holland and Zuid-Holland). Dutch people living outside this area may well correct you if you refer to their country as Holland. Dutch is learnt and studied worldwide by many people and, contrary to what many Dutch people would have you believe, it is a relatively easy language to learn, particularly for speakers of English, because of the many similarities in vocabulary and the regularities of the language. uolONpoUI =é uoRonpoauy What's this book about? This book is designed for beginners of Dutch who have little or no previous language learning experience. It aims to introduce you to the basics of the Dutch language and to give you some insight into Dutch (and to a lesser extent Flemish) culture. The book aims to help you in communicating in real-life situations and conversations; not just to give you phrases for shopping and ordering food, but to give you the basics for creating your own messages and meanings. To do this, this extensively revised edition introduces you to grammatical patterns, vocabulary and expressions which are used frequently in the Low Countries. To communicate naturally with native speakers it is also very important that you understand what things are (usually) said or cannot be said in certain situations. To this end we have included some information about this, particularly about the level of (in)formality of certain ways of saying things. This course takes you further than Teach Yourself Beginner's Dutch in this series, by introducing more vocabulary, including some work-related expressions, such as talking about your skills. It also introduces you to most basic grammar patterns, including talking about the past. By the end of the course you should have acquired enough language to engage in basic conversations in various situations, including to express your opinion on a variety of topics. You should also be able to write basic texts and to read a whole range of straightforward texts in Dutch. How is it structured? This book is structured progressively throughout. Each unit builds on the previous ones and gradually you will be learning new language patterns and vocabulary across a variety of topics and situations. There are 16 units, each built around a particular theme. The units contain dialogues, a large number of exercises and the later units also contain reading texts. In addition there are two different kinds of explanation: explanations about grammar and word patterns and cultural information of two kinds. On the one hand, you will find explanations in terms of communicative conventions and the use of certain words and expressions. On the other hand, you will find a basic indication of some trends and values that can be observed in the Low Countries. How do you learn a new language? Unfortunately, there is no foolproof way of learning a new language. Different people learn in different ways. Some may prefer to learn about the rules of the language and to practise these. Others may prefer to start talking with native speakers as soon as possible and to learn phrases which they can use in real life immediately. This course is designed to cater for both these ways of learning. In general, though, it is a good idea to use as many different strategies as possible. It may help you to memorize all the different words and patterns you have learnt, or you may want to practise the different patterns with the new vocabulary or new situations you encounter. Clearly, if you want to learn a new language, you will need to invest some time in it. The only way for language to stick is to practise and, preferably, use it in real situations. But in most cases of learning a foreign language you will have to make do with second best: exercises to help you to communicate. It is important that you practise regularly, because each unit will include some of the new words and patterns which you have learnt in the previous units. It is better to practise only half an hour a day than one three-hour session a week. Finally, learning a new language from a self-study book is clearly no substitute for attending classes, where you can communicate in Dutch with the teacher and other students. Ideally, you should take every opportunity available to talk in Dutch with a (near) native speaker and to read or listen to authentic Dutch material. It might also help if you can get hold of a children’s book with a recording. You will then be able to listen and read at the same time. Not all children’s books are interesting, but in recent years some good books have been published, even for the younger age range. The advantage of these is that the language used is simple, but authentic and up to date. How to learn new vocabulary Learning new words can be a daunting task, particularly if you haven’t learnt a foreign language before. Many people devise their own strategies to help them in learning new words. This could be speaking the new words onto a tape and listening to them while you are in the car or doing chores around the house. uononpoquy 5uoRSNpoAU >< It could be writing words on Post-Its and sticking them around the house or wherever you will see them regularly. One thing you should do is to make a vocabulary list yourself of all the new words you encounter. Even though there is a vocabulary list at the end of this book, the advantage of having your own list is that you can group the words in a way that makes it easier for you to remember. You could group words around topic areas or you could group words grammatically, e.g. verbs, nouns etc., whatever makes it logical for you. It is important that whenever you list a word, you list it with an example sentence (or two) so that you can learn the word in the context(s) in which it is used. Spelling rules Spelling rules are given in the next chapter. Many people find these rules difficult, particularly before they know much Dutch. If you see spellings in the first few units that seem to change and that you can’t understand, you can refer to these rules for guidance. However, if at first you still remain confused, stick to the main spelling of the word that you find in the vocabulary list. Later, however, you will have to get to grips with these rules. Symbols CG This indicates material on the accompanying recording. 8 These sections give information about Dutch culture and different aspects of the language. It is important to get your pronunciation right from the start. Here are a few suggestions about how to do this: e Listen to the pronunciation guide on the recording and try to imitate the sounds and words as often as you can. If you do not have the recording, then follow these written instructions very carefully. ¢ When you start work on the units, listen to the dialogues as often as possible and repeat them aloud until your pronunciation comes as close as possible to that of the speaker on the recording. * Record your own voice and then check that it sounds similar to the version on the recording. If you know a native speaker, ask them to correct your pronunciation. * Listen to native Dutch speakers, the Dutch radio and television and even Dutch songs to familiarize yourself with Dutch sounds. ¢ Fortunately, you don’t have to worry too much about the stress in words since this generally falls on the first syllable. © Keep going: with practice you will develop a reasonable accent so that you can be easily understood. © Dutch sounds Consonants As a speaker of English, you won’t find Dutch consonants much of a problem. The consonants are generally pronounced the same as in English. Here are the main exceptions: uoleilunuold,~3 uoneounuoid ch licht light As in Scottish loch. You should feel it at the back of your mouth. Sounds softer the further south you go. g gek mad The same guttural sound as ch. Never pronounced as English g. j ja yes As in English y in yes. k,p,t katcat,pop The same as in English but without doll, tas bag _ exhaling as much air (hold your hand in front of your mouth and make sure you feel no air coming out with the Dutch words). r rood red Can be made by trilling your tongue against the back of your upper teeth or by making friction at the back of the mouth (like a French r). sch school school A combination of s and ch. v vis fish Like English v in give, but sometimes closer to English f, especially at the beginning of words. w wit white Between English v and w. Hold your upper teeth against your lower lip. Vowels Dutch vowel sounds are sometimes trickier than the consonants because they differ considerably from those in English. There are shows vowel sounds, long vowel sounds and combinations of vowels. Short vowel sounds a man man As in hard but shorter. e lek leak As in set but shorter. i lip lip As in bit but shorter. ° bot bone As in hot but shorter. u kus kiss Similar to dirt but shorter. Long vowel sounds aa maan moon __ As in cat but longer. ee leek layman As in lane. eu neus 70se There is no equivalent in English. Try making a vowel sound as in dirt while rounding/pouting your lips tightly. ie niet not As in cheat. oe boek book As in book but with your lips more rounded. As in boat. No equivalent in English. Try making a vowel sound as in leak while pursing your lips. Before r, vowel sounds become much longer. 00 boot boat uu vuur fire Combinations of vowels au/ou _ blauw blue No equivalent in English. Try making a vowel sound as in shout but start by rounding your lips more with your mouth wide open. aai saai boring A combination of aa and ie. ecuw ecuw century A combination of ee and oe. ei/ij trein train No equivalent in English. In between the English vowel sounds in night and late. NB When writing, ij is usually written as one letter, like an English y with dots. ieuw nieuw new A combination of ie and oe. oei doei bye A combination of oe and ie. o0i mooi beautiful A combination of 00 and ie. ui huis house No equivalent in English. Try making the English vowel sound as in house while tightly pursing your lips and pressing your tongue down. uw ruw rough A combination of uu and oe. There is one other Dutch vowel sound which is similar to the English vowel sound in sister. This sound (easy to pronounce — just let air escape through your open mouth) can be spelt in different ways: e as in de the ee as in een a/an i as in aardig nice ij as in lelijk ugly Spelling Dutch spelling is relatively straightforward and regularized. There is only one major rule to learn, which concerns the vowel sounds a, e, 0, u. In the section on short vowel sounds we saw: man man lek leak bot bone kus kiss uoneounuosd z&5 < uonejounuoid These short vowel sounds are always spelt with one letter and always occur in a closed syllable (a syllable ending in a consonant). In the section on long vowel sounds we saw: leek layman boot boat vuur fire These long vowel sounds can be spelt either with two letters (as in the examples) or one letter (a, e, 0, u), depending on whether they appear in a closed syllable (ending in a consonant) or an open syllable (ending in a vowel). maan moon The long vowel sounds are always spelt with two letters in closed syllables, as in the examples just seen. However, when they appear in an open syllable, they are spelt with a single letter. This happens, for instance, when -en is added to make words plural: maan moon leek layman _ boot boat vuur fire manen moons leken laymen boten boats vuren fires When -en is added, the first syllable becomes an open syllable (the n, k, t, r in the middle of the examples becomes part of the second syllable), which means the long vowel sound is spelt with one letter only. This seems easy enough, although you may well wonder what to do if you want to make man man plural (you clearly can’t just add -en because then you’d get manen moons). There is a simple solution: double the consonant, so the first one goes with the first syllable, thereby keeping it closed). man man lek leak bot bone mannen men lekken leaks _botten bones kus kiss kussen kisses Trema Two dots can be placed above an e or ani to indicate that a new syllable starts. These two dots are called trema. Belgié Belgium, for instance, is pronounced Bel-gi-e. Without the trema, it would be pronounced Bel-gie. jul BUCS ‘O\\Sy usuul Woy ‘O}/eY In this unit you will learn « how to introduce yourself and others « how to say where you're from » how to ask people’s names « how to ask how people are « how to ask what people want to drinkjueuug Woy ‘Oey PO G Dialogues 1 and 2 Listen to the following short conversations and try to find out what information people are giving about themselves. Just try to get the gist at first. Jotting down words and names as you listen will help. Ata language school, the teacher welcomes a new student: Teacher Hallo, kom binnen. Hoe heet je? Phoebe Ik heet Phoebe. Teacher Welkom, Phoebe. Waar kom je vandaan? Phoebe Ik kom uit Amerika. Teacher Hoelang biijf je in Nederland? Phoebe _ |k biijf vier weken. Kom binnen. Waar kom je vandaan? Hoelang blijf je? Nederland ik heet ik kom uit ik blijf Come in Where are you from? How long are you staying? the Netherlands my name is I'm from I'm staying (for) In the canteen: Sarah Hoi. Ben jij William? William Ja, wie ben jij? Sarah —_|k ben Sarah. Ga zitten. William Dank je. Sarah Wil je ook koffie? William Ja, graag. ben jij...?2 areyou...? ja yes wie ben jij? who are you? ikben /am gazitten sitdown dank je — thanks wil je 00k ...? would you like ...? Ja, graag yes please Exercise 1 Go through the dialogues carefully, everything. Then act them out, preferably wit may want to listen to the recordings several times, pronunciation exactly, to sound as Dutch as possible. making sure you understand ith a partner. You copying the Grammar Sentences As you can see from these two short dialogues, Dutch isn’t as radically different from English as you might have expected. A lot of words sound the same (hallo, welkom, koffie) and the sentences you make with them are also remarkably like sentences in English, with many words put in the same order: Kom binnen, Come in. Tk kom uit Amerika. I come from America. Ben jij William? Are you William? Wie ben jij? Who are you? Tk ben Sarah. I am Sarab. Question words Question words are used in much the same way as in English. You’ve already come across several in the first two dialogues. Here they are: Hoe heet je? What's your name? Waar kom je vandaan? Where are you from? Hoelang blijf je? How long are you staying? Wie ben jij? Who are you? Note that heet looks a bit strange compared to the English (What's your name?). Literally, heet means are you called, so the sentence Hoe heet je? literally translates as What or how are you called? Clearly you wouldn’t say that in English, which shows it doesn’t always help to translate things literally! G Dialogues 3, 4 and 5 Here are some more conversations. Again, first try to get the gist of what’s being said. Monique is meeting Paul and a friend of his in a café in town. Paul Dag Monique. Ik zit hier! Monique Hoi Paul. Hoe gaat het? Paul Prima, dank je. Ken je Aafje? Monique Nee, ik ken Aafje niet. Paul Aafje dit is Monique. Monique dit is Aafje. Monique Hallo Aafje. Aafje Dag Monique. Wil je iets drinken? 3 z S = 5 3 g iMOU Woy ‘o}!eY +0 dag hello, hi Ik zit hier. I'm sitting here. Hoe gaat het? How are you? (Lit. How goes it?) prima (I'm) great, really well Ken je...2 Have you met/do you know ...? nee no Ik ken ... niet. | don't know ... ditis thisis Wil je iets drinken? ~— Would you like something to drink? Jos is having a beer in a terrace bai Se r on a canal. He spots Maarten Jos Hé Maarten. Ga zitten. Wil je ook een biertje? Maarten Nee, dank je. Nu niet. Ik ga naar mijn ouders. Jos Oké. Bel me morgen. Maarten Dat doe ik. Tot ziens! Jos Doei! hé hey there! Bel me morgen. Call me tomorrow. Ga zitten. Sit down. Dat doe ik. /’l/ do that. (Lit. go sit) tot ziens see you nu niet not now doei! bye! Ik ga naar /’m going to mijn ouders. my parents. In a chatroom on the internet (not spoken!); Hoi, Ik heet Holland4U. Hoe heet jij? Hallo. Ik heet R. Herring. Alles ok? Ja, prima. Waar zit je? Ik zit in Manchester. Jij? In Haarlem. Alles ok in Haarlem? araroapr alles ok? everything ok?_~—- Waar zit je? Where are you? Exercise 2 Study these three dialogues carefully as well and then act them out with a partner. oO Het internet the internet The last two dialogues in this unit allow you to get a glimpse of how influential English is on Dutch these days. The Dutch constantly borrow and adopt words and phrases from English with no problem, both when they're speaking and writing. One example is oké in the fourth dialogue, a word which is used all the time in Dutch. In the chatroom dialogue you can see that a lot of people don’t even bother with the Dutch spelling for words anymore. Here, probably because it's shorter, you don't find oké but ok. A small example, but you will find many more once you Start reading Dutch texts. How to... « Ask people who they are/where they’re from Hoe heet je/jij? What's your name? Ben jij... ? Are you ... ? Wie ben jij? Who are you? Waar kom je vandaan? Where are you from? Hoelang blijf je (in ...)? How long are you staying (in ...)? « Introduce yourself and others Ik heet ... My name is ... Ik ben ... I'm... Ik kom uit ... I'm from... Dit is ... This is ... * Ask how people are and say how you are Hoe gaat het? How are you? Alles ok? Everything all right? Prima, dank je. Fine, thanks. uitstekend excellent goed fine/well niet goed not well slecht not well at all (badly) © Greet people and say goodbye Dag! Hello! Hallo. Hello. Tot ziens. Goodbye. juouuyg woy ‘oyey onjueuujq Woy ‘oyey o> 40 Hoi! Hi! Doei! Bye! * Ask if people want something (to drink) and say yes/no thank you Wil je ...? Would you like ...? Ja, graag. Yes, please. Nee, dank je. No, thanks. Grammar Je/jij/ik As you have probably noticed from the dialogues, the Dutch mostly use je for you. However, you have also seen the word jij, which also means you. As a basic rule you use je to mean you, except when you want to stress the word, or emphasize it, then you use jij. In English you don’t use a different word, obviously, but you change the intonation, which becomes a bit more lilting. Pretend you're having friends over for a drink. Ask the first one: Would you like a drink? Then ask the other friend the same question: Would you like a drink? You probably pronounced you differently this time. The same goes in Dutch except you use a different word: To first friend: Wil je iets drinken? To second friend: Wil jij iets drinken? If you are the ‘you’, the reply is much simpler. You always use ik. Ik wil iets drinken! I would like something to drink! Introducing yourself Throughout the dialogues we’ve come across various ways of introducing yourself and asking who people are. Here they are: Hoe heet je? © What’s your Ik heet Phoebe. My name's name? Phoebe. Wie ben jij? | Who are you? Ik ben Sarah. I'm Sarah. Ben jij William? Are you Ja. Yes. William? The greetings you have seen vary from neutral ones, which you can use in any situation: Dag! Hello! Hallo. Hello. Tot ziens. Goodbye. to more informal ones, which you’d use only with people you know well, friends for fastanes: t pape Hoi! Hi! Doei! Bye! Asking how people are As in English there are many different ways of asking how people are. And, of course, of saying how you are! Here are the first few from the dialogues: Hoe gaat het? How are you? Alles ok? Everything all right? Prima, dank je. Fine, thanks. Some different answers are: uitstekend excellent goed fine/well niet goed not well slecht badly Negative: niet Everything is not always positive, but luckily saying something is zot so in Dutch is very straightforward; you simply use niet. Niet is often placed at the end of the sentence (for more on niet see unit 11). Ken je Aafje? Do you know Aafje? Nee, ik ken Aafje niet. No, I don’t know Aafje. Wil je ook een biertje? Would you like a beer too? Nee, dank je. Nu niet. No thanks. Not now. Ga zitten: verbs We've seen people ask each other questions, give answers and tell each other what to do, as in: Kom binnen. Bel me morgen. Come in. Call me tomorrow. You can see that the verb forms kom and bel are nice and short. We have seen such short verb forms before: Ik kom uit Nederland. I come from the Netherlands. Wil je koffie? Would you like a coffee? Ik ken. Aafje niet. I don’t know Aafje. Waar zit jij? Where are you (located)? Tueuug wor ‘oyeyjueuUyG Woy ‘oYeY oo +0 When you look in a dictionary, however, you will find not these short forms, but a longer form, the infinitive (which in English is preceded by to, e.g. to do, to go, to come). Fortunately they’re easily recognizable in Dutch because the regular ones end in -en: komen to come bellen to call willen to want kennen to know zitten to sit The short form used in the earlier sentences is called the stem of the verb and can be found by simply taking away the —-en at the end of the infinitive (and sometimes a consonant, because Dutch words cannot end in two consonants that are the same). (See the spelling rules on p. xiii-xiv). So, as you can see, it is simple to make sentences with ik: I’m from Canada. I will call you tomorrow. I want/would like a beer. Ik kom uit Canada. Ik bel je morgen. Ik wil een biertje. Questions are easy, too. Just put the verb (the stem) or a question word at the beginning of the sentence: Wil je iets drinken? Would you like something to drink? Ken je Johan? Do you know Johan? ‘Waar kom je vandaan? Where are you from? Hoe heet je? What's your name? (Note that you add an -e- to heet, from heten — see spelling rules.) You also use the stem of the verb to tell people what to do: Call me tomorrow (give me a call tomorrow). Kom binnen. Come in(side). All pretty easy so far, you will agree, except that not all verbs are regular, There are quite a few irregular verbs (about which more later) for which the stem of the verb can be a bit harder to find. The stem of gaan fo go is ga, for instance. And the stem of zijn to be is ben. You simply have to learn these by heart. Wie ben jij? Who are you? Ga zitten. Sit down (lit. go sit) Bel me morgen. Exercise 3 You are welcoming people to an open day at your language school. For each of the people on the list, ask their name and where they are from. Then provide the answers, as if you were those people. example: —_ Joe Stanfield / Engeland answer: Hoe heet je? Waar kom je vandaan? a Irene Joseph / Frankrijk (France) b Paolo Balti / Italié (Italy) c Hans Petersen / Duitsland (Germany) d Karen Lending / Zweden (Sweden) e Alex Harding / Engeland (England) Co Exercise 4 Now ask the students how they are and provide the answers, using the information given. example: Joe: excellent answer: Joe, hoe gaat het? Uitstekend, dank je. a Irene: not well b Paolo: fine / well c Hans: not well d Karen: not well at all e Alex: fine / well | Exercise 5 At the end of the open day you are offering everyone something to drink. Use the following information to make up short dialogues. Ik heet Joe Stanfield. Ik kom uit Engeland. example: Joe: koffie / nee answer: Joe, wil je koffie? Nee, dank je. a Irene: koffie / ja b Paolo: een biertje / nee ¢ Hans: wijn (wine) / ja d Karen: thee (tea) / nee e Alex: water /ja 9 zg 5 z 3 & g 3 210 s 5 & 3 g 3 5 LO Exercise 6 Give the stem of the following verbs: a zitten b willen c kennen d zijn e komen f gaan g bellen Exercise 7 Make the following sentences negative, following the example. example: Ik kom morgen. I will be coming tomorrow. answer: Ik kom morgen niet. I will not be coming tomorrow. a Ik bel morgen. I will call tomorrow. b Ik ken Mare. I know Marc. c Ik ben Mariska. I am Mariska. d Ik kan nu. I can make it (right) now. d Dit is Monique. This is Monique. &0P NOoA op yeum Zof sop jem In this unit you will learn + how to introduce someone: * how to talk about your family * how to say which languages you speak + how to say what nationality you aredef cop yem > 20 © Dialogue David works for a design company. He meets his boss, Hans, at the office and is introduced to a new colleague: David Hallo Hans, hoe gaat het? Hans Prima David. Zeg, dit is Ingrid den Bosch, onze nieuwe projectmanager. David ‘Goedemorgen, mevrouw Den Bosch. Ingrid ‘Goedemorgen, meneer Thompson. David Hoe gaat het met u? Ingrid Prima, dank u. Bent u soms Engelsman met een naam als Thompson? David Ja, dat klopt. Bent u Nederlandse? Ingrid Nee, ik kom uit Duitsland. Maar mijn man is Nederlander, David Heeft u kinderen? Ingrid Nee, ik heb geen kinderen. U wel? David Ja, mijn vrouw en ik hebben twee kinderen, een dochter van 16 en een zoon van 13. Uw Nederlands is erg goed. Ingrid Dank u. Hans Ingrid spreekt vloeiend Nederlands, Engels, Frans en Spaans. Ingrid —_ Nou, ik spreek vioeiend Nederlands en Engels. En ik ben vrij goed in Frans en Spaans. David En Duits natuurlijk. Ingrid Ja, natuurlijk. En spreekt u nog andere talen? David O, ik spreek geen vreemde talen. Nou ja, behalve Nederlands dan. Zeg trouwens maar ‘je’. Ingrid Prima, doe jij dat dan ook. zeg,... lit.) say, ... / listen, ... onze nieuwe projectmanager our new project manager mevrouw Mrs meneer Mr Hoe gaat het metu? How are you? danku = thank you bentusoms Are you by any chance/perhaps Engelsman Englishman met een naam als... with a name like ... dat klopt that’s right Nederlandse Dutch woman Duitsland Germany maar but mijn man my husband Nederlander Heeft u kinderen? Ik heb geen kinderen. Dutchman Do you have children? I have no children. uwel? do you? mijn vrouw = my wife twee two een dochter van 16 a daughter of 16 en and een zoon van13 a son of 13 uw Nederlands your Dutch ..iserggoed ... is very good Ingrid spreekt vioeiend ...._ Ingrid speaks ... fluently Engels English Frans French Spaans Spanish vrij goed quite good Duits German ‘Spreekt u nog andere talen? Do you speak any other languages? of course ! don’t speak any foreign languages. well, natuurlijk Ik spreek geen vreemde talen. nou ja, ... behalve Nederlands dan Zeg trouwens maar ‘je’. except Dutch then (lit.) Say ‘je’ by the way (please address me informally). Doe jij dat dan ook. You do so as well then. Exercise 1 Study the dialogue carefully, making sure you understand all the different words and phrases. Then act out the situation with a partner. 8 Nationality Note that Dutch speakers tend to refer to British people as English, wherever they come from in the United Kingdom. ® creetings In addition to the greetings from unit 11 you can also use goedemorgen, goedemiddag and goedenavond good moming/ afternoon/evening in most situations. They are slightly more formal _ oa 2ef op em 20= zefeopyem c0 than some other greetings, like hallo and hoi (this last is extremely informal). @ Formal and informal When David and Ingrid are introduced to one another, they address each other as mevrouw Madam/Mrs and meneer Sir. They are clearly not on a first name basis. In such cases, you cannot use je or jij to talk to people: you have to use u. Like je and jij, u also means you but is used only in formal situations. Note that Hoe gaat het met je? How are you?, which is informal, becomes Hoe gaat het met u? How are you?, which is formal. And dank je thank you becomes dank u. When meeting someone, it is usually safest to start by addressing them with u. From the dialogue you can see that the other person will usually indicate if you can address him or her informally: Zeg trouwens maar ‘je’ Please say ‘je’. 8 Dat klopt Dat klopt that’s right can be used to answer questions positively. You can also use inderdaad, which literally means indeed, but doesn’t sound as incredulous. You will hear it a lot. B vrij goed Ik ben vrij goed in Frans translates as / am quite (rather) good at French. In contrast to some other nationalities, the Dutch tend not to understate their abilities and are quite direct about them. The word vrij is used frequently. Other words that can be used in the same context are: tamelijk and redelijk: Ik ben tamelijk goed in Frans | am reasonably good at French. Both words are slightly weaker than vrij. Oo Long words In Dutch, words made up of two or more words are written as one word. So, the word for project manager, which has been borrowed from English, should be written as projectmanager in Dutch. But, as we said in unit 01, Dutch people usually stick to the English spelling and you'll often find project manager as well. Although we will try and explain as much of the language as possible in this book, languages are often made up of little indefinable words, which cannot be translated or which have many different meanings. In the dialogue above we saw the sentences: Zeg trouwens maar ‘je’, Doe jij dat dan ook and Spreekt u nog andere talen? Don’t worry if these seem too difficult to comprehend at the beginning because the meaning of words like trouwens, dat and nog is not clear. Simply take them as read and gradually these will come to make sense as well. We promise! How to ... © Greet people goedemorgen good morning goedemiddag good afternoon goedenavond good evening e Ask someone’s nationality Bent u... ? Bent u Nederlander? Ja, ik ben Nederlander. Nee, ik ben Engelsman. ¢ Ask whether someone has children Hebt/heeft u kinderen? Do you have children? Ja, ik heb twee kinderen. Yes, I have two children. Nee, ik heb geen kinderen. No, I have no children. © Say that something is right Are you... ? Are you a Dutchman/Dutch? Yes, I’m a Dutchman/Dutch. No, I’m an Englishman. Dat klopt. Inderdaad. ¢ Ask what languages someone speaks Spreekt u vreemde talen? Do you speak foreign languages? Spreekt u nog andere talen? Do you speak any foreign languages? Ja, ik spreek Duits. Yes, I speak German. Ik spreek vloeiend Spaans. _I speak Spanish fluently. Ik spreek vrij goed Engels. — I speak English quite well. Ik spreek geen Nederlands. I don’t speak Dutch, Ik spreek alleen Nederlands. I speak only Dutch. x a ef aop jem 20col ewe ae gy Gu Grammar Nationalities and languages In Dutch, unlike in English, most nouns referring to nationality have a masculine and feminine form: Jan is Nederlander. Ingrid is Duitse. Jan is a Dutchman. Ingrid is a German woman. land (country) man (male) vrouw (female) _taal (language) Nederland Nederlander — Nederlandse Nederlands Belgié/ Viaming Viaamse Viaams Duitser i Duits Engelsman Engels i Frans Viaams is the name often used to refer to Dutch when it is spoken in the Dutch-speaking region of Belgium. Vlaams is not different from Dutch and the official name of the language in Belgium is Dutch. Note that the feminine nouns end in -e. People nowadays say Ik ben Engels I am English, i.e. using the adjective. Geen In unit 01 you saw that niet is used to make sentences negative: Ik kom morgen niet. I am not coming tomorrow. However, if you mean to say 1o or not any, you have to use geen: Ik heb geen kinderen. I have no children. Ik spreek geen Duits. I do not speak (any) German. The opposite of niet and geen is wel. Wel cannot be translated into English. In English there is no separate word, so you give emphasis with your voice. Try saying the following examples out loud and you'll see: Ik spreek geen Frans, I don't speak French. Maar ik spreek wel Nederlands. But I do speak Dutch. Spreek/spreekt In unit 01 we talked about ourselves and others using only the stem of the verbs: Ik kom uit Nederland. Wil je koffie? In this unit you find that you cannot always use only the stem of the verb. You have to add a -t to the end of the stem when: ¢ talking about a third person Ik spreek vlociend Nederlands. I speak Dutch fluently. Ingrid spreekt vloeiend Ingrid speaks Dutch fluently. Nederlands. e addressing someone formally with u Spreek jij vreemde talen? Do you speak foreign languages? Spreekt u vreemde talen? Do you speak foreign languages? When the stem of a verb (like zitten) ends in a -t (zit), you can’t add another -t, because a Dutch word cannot end in two consonants which are the same. We should point out that you don’t always just use the stem of the verb when addressing someone informally with je/jij: if je/jij precedes the verb, you have to add a -t. So, only if je/jij comes after the verb do you use the stem without a —t. Talking about the present: regular You have now seen infinitives in Dutch (spreken, bellen, komen), the stems of verbs (spreek, bel, kom) and the forms which add a —t to the stem (spreekt, belt, komt). You will be glad to know that there are no other forms used in the present tense in Dutch. Whether you are talking about yourself, one or more other people or addressing one or more others, you always use one of these forms. Here is what a regular verb looks like in Dutch, with all the pronouns (words for I, you, he, she, etc.). We'll give two examples: komen to come spreken to talk SINGULAR ik kom I come ik spreek I talk je/ij komt you come je/jij spreekt you speak (informal) (informal)ef cop yem o 20 (but: kom je/jij?) u komt you come (formal) hij komt he comes zij komt she comes (but: spreek je/jij?) u spreekt you talk (formal) hij spreekt he talks zij spreekt she talks PLURAL wij komen we come wij spreken we talk jullie komen you come jullie spreken you talk (informal) (informal) u komt you come (formal) _u spreekt you talk (formal) zij komen they come zij spreken they talk ‘You can see that there is a clear pattern to these regular verbs. There are two verb forms in the singular (when talking to or about one other person): the stem of the verb for ik and stem + t for all the other forms, except when je/jij moves after the verb, because then the -t is dropped. The plural (when you're talking to or about more than one person) is even easier: you always use the whole verb, the infinitive, except for formal u you, which is the same as the singular. Although, as you can see, the words for she and they are the same, there can be no confusion because the verb forms are different (stem + t for she and the infinitive for they). Talking about the present: irregular ‘We already explained that there are irregular verbs as well, which don’t form neat patterns like regular forms. However, the plural still takes the infinitive (except for u). Here are the two most important irregular verbs: zijn to be hebben to have SINGULAR ik ben I am ik heb I have je/jij bent you are (informal) _je/jij hebt you have (informal) (but: ben je/jij?) (but; heb je/jij?) u bent you are (formal) uhebt or heeft you have (formal) hij is he is hij heeft he has zij is she is zij heeft she has PLURAL wij zijn we are wij hebben we have jullie zijn you are (informal) jullie hebben you have (informal) u bent you are (formal) u hebt or heeft yors have (formal) zij zijn they are zij hebben they have The two forms for u under hebben (u hebt and u heeft) mean the same thing and can be used interchangeably. © De nummers 1-20 0 nul 1 een, één 11 elf 2° twee 12 twaalf 3. drie 13 dertien 4 vier 14 veertien 5 vijf 15 vijftien 6 zes 16 zestien 7 zeven 17 zeventien 8 acht 18 achttien 9 negen 19 negentien 10 tien 20 rwintig Learn these numbers by heart. Exercise 2 Answer the following questions in Dutch. Make sure you understand the forms of the verbs hebben and zijn before you tackle this exercise. Reread the dialogue if necessary. a What nationality is David? Hy __ b What nationality is Ingrid? Zij c How many children does David have? Hij d What languages does David speak? — e What languages does Ingrid speak? Zij D Exercise 3 Read (or, if you have the recording, listen to) the following information about Kevin Wilson. Kevin Wilson is Amerikaans. Hij komt uit Dallas, Hij heeft een vrouw en vier kinderen. Hij spreekt vloeiend Engels en Nederlands, en vrij goed Frans. Kevin is going to an employment agency to register for work. He has to aewer some questions about his nationality (nationaliteit) and so on. ef eOpyeEM 20gef cop yem BS 20 Imagine that you are Kevin. How would you answer the following questions? (If you have the recording, check your own answers with those given there.) Receptioniste Wat is uw naam? What's your name? Kevin Receptioniste Wat is uw nationaliteit? Kevin Receptioniste Hebt u kinderen? Kevin Receptioniste Spreekt u Nederlands? Kevin Receptioniste U spreekt natuurlijk vioeiend Engels? Kevin Receptioniste Spreekt u nog andere talen? Kevin CG Exercise 4 Read this introduction: Dit is Marga Bos. Zij is Nederlands. Zij komt uit Nijmegen en heeft twee kinderen. Zij spreekt Engels en Frans en natuurlijk Nederlands. Following the pattern of what you have just read use the information given to compose introductions for these people. naam land talen kinderen a Wilma Miller Duitsland Nederlands 3 b Brad McLain VS Duits geen c Chantal Bouquet Frankrijk alleen Frans 4 Reading Look at the form and check the meaning of words you do not know in the vocabulary at the back of the book. 498A] NOA Op BUM of UOOM JPEM In this unit you will learn + how to ask and answer questions about accommodation * how to talk about the surrounding area + how to talk about your living arrangements ‘ ee lS a a ov:22 < 8 z 3 5 G Dialogues 1, 2 and 3 Bert talks to a new colleague, Anja, during their coffee break (de koffiepauze): Anja Waar woon je? Bert In Amsterdam, in de Vijlmerstraat. Anja Waar is dat? Bert De Vijlmerstraat ligt in Amsterdam Oost. Anja —_ Wat voor woning heb je? Bert —_|k woon in een flat. Anja —_ Hoeveel kamers heb je? Bert Ik heb een tweekamerflat, dus ik heb een woonkamer en een slaapkamer. Anja En een badkamer en een keuken natuurlijk. Jan-Peter Groen In een huis? Renate van de Hulst Ja, ik woon in een huis, samen met mijn 23 man en twee kinderen. 3 Jan-Peter Groen Is het een groot huis? g Renate vande Hulst Ja, redelijk groot. Het is een = eengezinswoning met vier kamers. Er is een 8 woonkamer met open keuken beneden en sg er zijn drie slaapkamers boven. Jan-Peter Groen Dat is niet gek. Renate van de Hulst Nee, inderdaad. En we hebben een mooie badkamer boven en een extra toilet beneden. Oo Jan-Peter Groen Is het een leuke buurt? © Renate van de Hulst Ja, het is lekker rustig. Ons huis ligt aan het water. En we zitten ook viakbij het strand, Bert Ja. Mijn keuken is vrij groot, maar de badkamer is klein. Anja Woon je alleen? Bert Nee, ik woon samen met mijn vriendin. Waar woon je? Waar is dat? .. ligt in Amsterdam Oost Wat voor woning heb je? Ik woon in... Hoeveel kamers heb je? een tweekamerfiat dus een woonkamer een slaapkamer een badkamer een keuken mijn vrij groot klein Woon je alleen? Ik woon samen met ... ‘mijn vriendin Where do you live? Where is that? .-. Is in East Amsterdam What type of house is it? I live in... How many rooms do you have? (lit.) a two-room flat so a living room a bedroom a bathroom a kitchen my quite large small Do you live on your own? | live (together) with ... my girlfriend Renate and Jan-Peter are sitting opposite one another in the train. They strike up a conversation. Jan-Peter Groen Het klinkt ideaal! hier het centrum van de stad een buitenwijk samen met een groot huis redelijk groot een eengezinswoning eris ... open keuken beneden er zijn ... boven Dat is niet gek. een mooie badkamer een leuke buurt lekker rustig Ons huis ligt aan het water. We zitten ook dicht bij het strand. Het klinkt ideaal. here the centre of (the) town a suburb (together) with a large house reasonably large a house for one family there is ... open kitchen downstairs there are ... upstairs That’s quite something. a@ beautiful bathroom anice neighbourhood nice’n’quiet Our house is on the water. We are also close to the beach. It sounds ideal. Henriétte has invited Willem, a fellow student, to a party. She’s making sure he is coming: Jan-Peter Groen Woont u hier in Haarlem? Renate van de Hulst Ja, maar ik woon niet in het centrum van de stad. Ik woon in een buitenwijk. Henriétte Dus je komt vanavond, hé? Willem Ja, natuurlijk. Waar is het ook alweer? Henriétte Bij mij, in de Schoenmakerstraat. Willem Op welk nummer woon je?24 5 a 3 3 3 7 x £0 Henriétte Willem Henriétte Willer Henriétte Ok. Hoe laat? Prima! Tot dan. Tot vanavond! Op nummer 17. Schoenmakerstraat 17. Om acht uur. Is dat ok? Dus je komt vanavond, ha? Waar is het ook alweer? bij mij Op welk nummer woon je? hoe laat? om acht uur Tot dan. You are coming tonight, aren't you? Where is it again? at my place What number do you live at? what time? at eight o'clock See you then, Tot vanavond. See you this evening. Exercise 1 Study the dialogues and check whether you understand all the language in them. Act out the situations with a partner. 8 Woning The word woning means the same as huis, but it is generally used when talking about accommodation. It comes from the verb wonen, which means fo live, e.g. Ik woon in Amsterdam / live in Amsterdam. The word huis refers more to the building itself. When the Dutch mention the size of their accommodation, they do not state the number of bedrooms, but they count all the rooms in the house (except bathroom, kitchen, etc.). They talk in terms of a driekamerwoning or a vierkamerwoning (three- or four-room house). OB Woonvergunning In the Netherlands you cannot buy a house anywhere you like. In many municipalities (gemeenten), you need to apply for a woonvergunning (a special permit), if the sale price is below a certain level. Houses above this price limit are in what is called de vrije sector. For these no woonvergunning is necessary. The woonvergunning is different from the verblijfsvergunning, which people of other nationalities need in order to be granted permission to live in the Netherlands. | | = i po, a, em a, Something that everyone has to do after moving house is to register at the town hall (het gemeentehuis) at the afdeling bevolking Department of Population. Oo Een leuke buurt In the context of the dialogue, buurt means neighbourhood, so een leuke buurt means a nice neighbourhood. Instead of buurt you can also use the word wijk for neighbourhood. Buurt itself is also used in other contexts. In de buurt means the same as viakbij nearby. o Adressen addresses Addresses work in much the same way as in English, except for one big difference: the house number follows the street name. So you will first say or write the name of the street and then the number: Mijn adres is Klevertiaan 8. My adaress is Klevertiaan 8. Op welk nummer woon je? What number do you live at? Op nummer 17. At number 17. Bre This is a small word which you will hear a lot in Dutch. It can mean many things, usually depending on the intonation used (note that the accent, which you won't see a lot in Dutch, changes the sound of the e). In the last dialogue above it is used to reinforce the question which is being asked, much as you do in English by using a tag question. Luckily, hé is easier to use than the English tags since it never changes. Note that hé is quite informal: Dus je komt vanavond, hé? You are coming tonight, aren't you? Mooi weer, hé? Beautiful weather, isn’t it? dij wilt koffie, he? You want coffee, don't you? Hé? is also used on its own as (a quite abrupt) question, meaning What? O Goodbyes When saying goodbye to someone, you often refer to the time when you will see one another again. In Dutch you can do this by using tot plus a time reference. In the third dialogue there are two examples: Ny a = a 2 = 3 3 3 x £0eof uoom seem y Tot dan. See you then (later). a 27 Tot vanavond. See you this evening. But, of course, you can use any time reference you like. For instance: 5 Tot morgen. See you tomorrow. 3 Tot volgende week. See you next week. 8 ®at home To talk about being in or going to your own home, the Dutch use the expression bij mij. It translates roughly as at my place: L Kom je bij mij? Are you coming to my place? Oe TEs oO i . eo Talking about a , two le might say: E x a . patty people mig of . Wat voor woning heb je? Waar is het? Where is it? Heb je een groot huis? Bij mij. At my place. Go Exercise 2 Bekijk de plattegronden goed. Have a good look at the plans. Beantwoord de vragen. Answer the questions. = =| slaapkamer example: Wat voor woning heb je? Woon je in een huis? Hoeveel slaapkamers heb je? answer: Ik heb een tweekamerwoning. Nee, ik woon in een flat. Ik heb een slaapkamer. Hoeveel slaapkamers hebben jullie? Hebben jullie een tuin? 3 pn a, ae, a2of uoomseem [B £0 Grammar ai De, het, een i You will have seen that words for things, objects and ideas (nouns) are often preceded by de or het. These are the Dutch 8 words for the. They have exactly the same meaning, but it is = important that you learn which words take de and which take = het, because a lot of other things depend on it (we’ll come back to this later). There are more de words than het words (about twice as many), so it is probably easier if you simply learn all the het words and assume that all the others take de. Luckily, there is only Heeft u een tuin? | ; one word for a and an in Dutch: een. 8 Ligt uw huis mooi? (Is your house well situated?) Some examples: D Exercise 3 de kamer the room een kamer a room You know your colleague, Tilly, has recently moved house with het huis the house een huis a house her family and you question her about it. Here are her answers. de auto the car een auto 4 car What are your urscions? (If you have the recording, do this exercise while you listen. It ide istic situati i forvonte wcicoe) provides a more realistic situation When there is more than one (plural) The plural of nouns is altogether a bit more predictable than the You Tilly In Tilburg, maar niet in het centrum van de stad. articles. You There are three ways of making a noun plural. Normally the Tilly Ja, het is een leuke buurt. Lekker rustig! following rules apply: You ____ . ¢ add -s when a noun has got at least two syllables and finishes ~ Ik heb een driekamerflat. with el, -en, ~em, -er, ~je ; ; fou e add’s when the word finishes with -a, -i, -0, -u, -y wy Nee, ik woon samen met mijn vriend. e add -en to all other nouns. fou Here are some examples for you to start off with: Tilly Nee, we hebben geen tuin maara we hebben een balkon. CG Ex 4 add -s or -'s 4 de tafel (table) a het DK) Someone you recently met through a course, Richard, asks you ee baile wanes) ae ee het ag thigh some questions. Use the information about Apeldoorn (given in de kamer dekamers | de stoel (chair) exercise 7 on page 34) for your answer, but extend the answer het meisje (Gir) de meisjes | de fiets (bicycle) (when asked) with the information that you live alone. de foto (photo) de foto's Ge:man acd i de auto (car) de auto’s de maan (moon) Richard Waar woon je eigenlijk? de hobby de hobby’s You de taxi de taxi's Richard Hoeveel kamers heeft het huis? You _ 5 , . hs TIGR TR hte avon? The Dutch word for tity with all plural words, is de: You de stoelen the chairs de boeken the books a, ce, ee, Sala ee ae, a Sea a am Richard Woon je alleen? Youdef uoom sem $3 8 Liggen, zitten, staan Even though these verbs have their specific meanings (to lie down, to sit, to stand) they often have an idiomatic use where English would only use a form of to be. Even so, the original meaning of the verbs is maintained in some way. Liggen is used when you can visualize something lying down: Het boek ligt op de tafel. The book is on the table. De krant ligt op de grond. The newspaper is on the floor. But liggen is also used to indicate a geographical location: De Vijlmerstraat ligt in Amsterdam Oost. Waar ligt Voorschoten? Vijlmer Street is in East Amsterdam. Where is Voorschoten? liggen Staan is used for objects which you can imagine as standing upright: De koffie staat klaar. The coffee is ready. De fiets staat in de tuin. The bike is in the garden. Zitten is used very frequently in many different contexts, but it often refers to living and being somewhere in a more or less settled situation. You can imagine someone sitting him/herself down and getting settled: Mijn dochter zit in Amsterdam. My daughter is (lives) in Amsterdam. _ a, a a, es, mee see cael iain 9 Hij zit in de gevangenis. He is in prison. ‘ : 31 Zij zit altijd thuis. She is always at home. Ik zit hier heel leuk. Iam quite comfortable here 3 (refers to accommodation). g i 5 Qe oe Zitten to sit Liggen to lie Staan to stand ‘SINGULAR ik zit | sit ik lig | lie ik sta / stand je/jij zit you sit je/iij ligt you fie (informal) _je/jij staat you stand (informal) (informal) (also: zit je/jij?) (but: lig je/ij?) (but: sta je/jij?) u 2it you sit u ligt you lie (formal) u staat you stand (formal) (formal) hij zit he sits hij ligt he fies hij staat he stands ij zit she sits ij ligt she lies zij staat she stands PLURAL wij zitten we sit wij liggen we lie wij staan we stand jullie zitten you sit jullie liggen you lie jullie staan you stand (informal) (informal) (informal) u zit you sit u ligt you lie (formal) u staat you stand (formal) (formal) zij zitten they sit 2ij liggen they lie 2ij staan they stand More numbers 20 twintig 60 zestig 21 eenentwintig 70 zeventig, 22 tweeénrwintig 80 tachtig 23 drieéntwintig 90 negentig 24 vierentwintig 100 honderd ; 25 vijfentwintig 128 honderd achtentwintig 26 zesentwintig 200 tweehonderd . 27 zevenentwintig 282 tweehonderd tweeéntachtig 28 achtentwintig 300 driehonderd . . 29 negenentwintig 465 vierhonderdvijfenzestig 30 dertig 746 zevenhonderdzesenveertig, 40 veertig 1000 duizend 50 vijftiggal uoom seem Note that in the mixed numbers from 20 the last number is mentioned first as in vierentwintig (lit. four and twenty) and that the number is written as one word. Note also that a trema (two little dots above the letter) is used in the numbers tweeéntwintig, drieénzestig, and so on. Check in the spelling rules on pages xv-xvi why this is so. Possessives: my, your, his/her We've come across several words expressing possession in the dialogues: mijn keuken muy kitchen mijn vriendin my girlfriend ‘ons huis our house These words are called possessive pronouns. You will recognize them easily since they all have equivalents in English. Here are all the possessive pronouns in Dutch: stressed unstressed SINGULAR mijn (m’n) my jouw je your (informal) uw — your (formal) zijn (z’n) his haar (d’r) her PLURAL ons/onze — our jullie je your (informal) uw as your (formal) hun _ their You can see that, for some of the pronouns, there are stressed and unstressed forms. The difference between these is basically the same as the difference between je and jij explained in unit 01. ‘With the possessives, the stressed forms are generally used when writing. When speaking, the unstressed forms are more commonly used — if there is one, of course! — unless you want to emphasize who it is you are speaking about: M’n hond en m’n kat slapen My dog and my cat sleep in in één mand. one basket. Het is niet jouw pe maar It isn’t your pe but my pe! mijn pe! | | | | The forms in parentheses are not generally used in writing. They’re considered too informal. The two forms for our, ons and onze, mean exactly the same thing, except that ons is used in front of het words (see earlier) and onze is used in front of de words. zefucomieem het huis, so: ons huis our house de auto, so: onze auto our car Because all plural words take de (see earlier), they also always take onze: onze huizen our houses onze auto’s our cars 8 Exercise 5 Fill in the correct possessive pronoun. a my Dit is boek. b her Misschien is dit koffie. c our Zijn kinderen ook zo luidruchtig? (loud) d_ your (singular/formal) Mag ik pen even lenen? (May I borrow your pen?) e your (plural/informal) Ik heb nieuwe auto nog niet gezien. (not yet seen) f their badkamer is erg mooi. g his Maar badkamer niet! h our Jammer genoeg is huis nog niet verkocht. (Unfortunately, our house hasn't been sold yet.) Er is/zijn ... To describe things, the phrases er is and er zijn can be used. Er is .. means there is ... and is used for singular things, ie. when there is only one of something: Er is een mooie badkamer. — There’s a beautiful bathroom. And er zijn ..., which means there are ..., is used for plurals, i.e. when there is more than one of whatever you’re describing: Er zijn boven vier slaapkamers. There are four bedrooms upstairs.20 U0OM seem g €0 Exercise 6 Welk antwoord past bij de vraag? Match the questions and answers. a Waar woont je zoon? i De kamers zijn een beetje b Waar ligt dat? (a little) klein. c Zit je vlakbij het strand? ii Ja, ons huis ligt vlakbij d Woon je in een rustige het strand. buurt? e Is het huis groot? iii Dat ligt vlakbij het strand. iv Hij zit in Purmerend. v Ja, het is een rustige straat. i>] Exercise 7 Lees de volgende tekst. Read the following text. Ik woon in Amsterdam. Ik heb een driekamerwoning. Er is een keuken, douche en balkon. Het huis ligt vlakbij het strand. Use the following information to construct sentences on the same pattern as those you have just read. woonplaats hoeveel speciale kenmerken viakbij kamers a Rotterdam 4 een mooie grote achtertuin de dierentuin b Haarlem 3 2 grote balkons de duinen ¢ Groningen § een mooie open keuken _het centrum d Apeldoorn 4 een comfortabele woonkamer de Veluwe e Purmerend 2 een grote slaapkamer Amsterdam de woonplaats __ the place of residence de speciale kenmerken the special features de dierentuin the zoo het centrum the centre of town comfortabel(e) cornfortable de Veluwe an area of natural beauty near Apeldoorn Exercise 8 Look at the advertisement on the next page and answer the questions in English: a What sort of dwelling is for sale? b What special features does the house have? c How big is the house? 7 ai, os Sa ee ei ar SE ca I ee Te koop. Rotterdam. Luxe verbouwde bovenwoning, grote woonkamer met open haard, open keuken, luxe badkamer, 3 sl.kamers en riant balkon (totale oppervlakte 150m*), €310.000 05998-18043 te koop forsale de bovenwoning _ the upstairs flat luxe /uxurious de open haard _ the open fire verbouwd renovated riant spacious Exercise 9 Make up a few sentences about your own home, using the same pattern as in Exercise 7. Reading In Nederland is veel nieuwe woningbouw. Minstens de helft van de nieuwe woningen zijn koopwoningen. De rest is bestemd om te huren. De overheid geeft in sommige gevallen subsidie voor het kopen of huren van een woning. Sommige mensen wonen in een boot, de zogenaamde woonboten of arken. De moderne woningbouw heeft soms een interessante architectuur. De paalwoningen van architect Blom in Heerlen en Rotterdam zijn heel bijzonder. de woningbouw minstens de helft de koopwoningen house-building (construction) at least half the houses (that are owner-occupied) intended for to rent gives certain situations the cube-shaped house on concrete pillars unusual, special Zefuoomseem €036 5 g = ° 3 g = gs £0 Answer these questions in English: 1 Are there many new houses being built in the Netherlands? 2 How many of the new houses are for sale? 3 Does the Dutch government subsidize people when buying or renting a new home? 4 Which houses have a fairly special and unusual architecture? paalwoningen alm a, Ase, sams ap saua0c16 usddeyospoog In this unit you will learn + how to buy food and groceries * how to ask for things in shops/ markets + how to say what you want * how to say how much you want + how to use moneyueddeyospoog ep 8 90 © Dialogues 1, 2, 3 and 4 Op de markt /n the market You're staying in a small Dutch town for a few days. After breakfast, you walk down to the local market. You wander around the stalls (kramen) and stop to listen to the locals buying their fruit and vegetables. Kraam 1: Verkoper Goedemorgen, mevrouw. Zegt u het maar. Klant Goedemorgen. Mag ik een pond tomaten? Verkoper Natuurlijk, anders nog iets? Klant Ja, 00k nog een kilo aardappelen. Verkoper Prima. Anders nog iets? Klant Nee, dank u. Dat was het. Zegtuhet maar. What’! it be? Magik...2 May/ have...? Anders nog iets? Anything else? Dat was het. That's everything. Kraam 2: Verkoopster Goedemorgen. Wie is er aan de beurt? Klant Ik, geloof ik. Ik wil graag drie ons kaas. Verkoopster Wat voor kaas? Klant Jonge kaas, alstublieft. Verkoopster Mag het iets meer zijn? Klant Ja, hoor. Dat is prima. Verkoopster Anders nog iets? Klant Verkoopt u ook eieren? Verkoopster Ja, natuurlijk. Hoeveel? Klant Tien scharreleieren graag. Verkoopster En dat was het? Klant Ja, dat was het. O, nee. Ik heb ook boter nodig. Verkoopster Eén kuipje? Kiant Ja, graag. Verkoopster Dat is dan €5,25 bij elkaar. a a, a, ms SN mm a SSS Wie is er aan de beurt? Ik, geloof ik. drie ons kaas wat voor ...? Mag het iets meer zijn? ja, hoor Verkoopt u ...? eieren scharreleieren boter een kuipje Dat is dan... bij elkaar Who’s next? am, | believe. three ounces of cheese what kind of ...? Can it be a little more? yes, certainly Do you sell ...? eggs free-range eggs butter a tub (for butter) That's ... then. altogether Kraam 3: Verkoper Wie mag ik helpen. U meneer? Klant Ja. Ik wil graag wat kersen. Verkoper Dat kan. Hoeveel? Klant Hoe duur zijn ze? Verkoper Ze kosten €2,50 per pond. Klant Doet u dan maar een pond. Verkoper Anders nog iets? Klant Ja, ook een kilo sinaasappelen, alstublieft. Verkoper Natuurlijk. Anders nog iets? Klant Nee, ik heb verder niets nodig. Verkoper Datis €4,75, alstublieft. Klant Alstublieft, een briefje van 20 euro. Verkoper Met 5, 10 en dat is 20. Klant Dank u, Verkoper Graag gedaan. Tot ziens. Wie mag ik helpen? Ik wil graag ... wat kersen dat kan Hoe duur zijn ze? ze kosten ... per pond sinaasappelen Ik heb verder niets nodig. een briefje van 20 euro Graag gedaan. Tot ziens. Who can | help? I'd like... some cherries that's possible How much are they? they cost ... a@ pound oranges | don’t need anything else. a 20-euro note You're welcome. See you. ueddeyospoog ep 3 0ueddeyospoog ep 8 v0 Kraam 4: Verkoopster Klant Verkoopster Klant Verkoopster Klant Verkoopster Klant Verkoopster Klant Verkoopster Klant Verkoopster Klant Morgen, meneer. Hoe kan ik u helpen? Goedemorgen. Heeft u wat garnalen voor me? Natuurlijk. Hoeveel wilt u? Zo’n twee ons. Wilt u anders nog iets? Ook nog drie zoute haringen, graag. Kort voor elkaar. En een zak mosselen, alstublieft. Dat was het? Ja, dat was alles. Dat wordt dan €20,50 bij elkaar. Alstublieft. Dank u wel. Een prettige dag verder. Bedankt. Hetzelfde. Hoe kanik uhelpen? How can J help you? garnalen = shrimps zo’n twee ons about two ounces zoute haringen salted herrings Komt voor elkaar. Consider it done. een zak mosselen a bag of mussels dat was alles that's everything Dat wordt dan... That'll be... Een prettige dag verder. Have a nice day. hetzelfde the sane (to you) Exercise 1 Study the dialogues and make sure you understand all the words and phrases. Then act them out. BB Boodschappen doen to do the shopping Boodschappen doen refers only to doing the grocery shopping, not shopping for luxury goods like clothes, which is called winkelen (from the word winkel shop). Shops in the Netherlands, particularly outside the four largest cities (Amsterdam, Utrecht, Den Haag and Rotterdam) often still close at 6 p.m. However, opening hours for supermarkets tend to be more flexible, and many larger chains are now open until 8 o'clock most nights. You will find the supermarkets pretty much the same as in the rest of the EU. As is the money of course, the euro. There are eurobiljetten euro notes of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 euro. | | | There are coins of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 eurocent and 1 and 2 euro. Dutch people also frequently pay by debit card, not just in supermarkets, but in all sorts of shops. This is called pinnen. You simply swipe your card through a little machine on the counter, type in your pin and press a green ‘yes’ button to approve the transaction. In supermarkets pinnen can also be used to withdraw cash. ® Alstublieft/Dank u wel As they are doing their shopping, the Dutch use quite a few set expressions when dealing with shop assistants or market traders, and even in supermarkets — where you don't tend to say a lot on the whole — at the checkout, de kassa. Here are the most often used phrases in the order in which they are usually used. Note that not all of them are used all the time. Your turn The salesperson will often start by asking whose turn it is to be served: Wie is er aan de beurt? Whose turn is it? Wie mag ik helpen? Who may I help/serve? What do you want? If it's your turn, you'll be asked what you want: Zegt u het maar. What'll it be? (lit. say it, please) Zeg het maar. What'll it be? (lit. say it, please) = less formal Hoe kan ik u helpen? How can I help you? > = ueddeyospoog epueddeyospoog ep § Asking for things There are lots of ways of asking for things, but the easiest is simply to use alstublieft or graag: Een kilo appels, alstublieft. A kilo of apples, please. Een pond kaas, graag. A pound of cheese, please. A little more, a little less? Sometimes, for instance when buying a piece of cheese, you'll be asked whether you mind if it’s a little more or less: Mag het iets meer zijn? Can it be a little over/more? Mag het iets minder zijn? Can it be a little under/less? Anything else? You will probably be asked whether there’s anything else you'd like: Anders nog iets? Anything else? Dat was het? Is that it? Paying To pay, you will first be told how much the total is: Dat is € 10. That’s 10 euros. Dat is dan € 10 bij elkaar. That’s 10 euros altogether then. Dat wordt € 10. That'll be 10 euros. This is usually followed by alstublieft please. When handing over the money to pay, you'll also use alstublieft, now meaning There you are. The salesperson takes the money and says Dank u wel. When s/he hands you your change, this sequence is repeated. S/he gives you the money (and your receipt, de bon or het bonnetje) saying alstublieft and you thank him or her with Dank u wel. Saying goodbye is done usually with a simple tot ziens in these situations: Goodbye! So paying in a shop, a supermarket or an ordinary market will usually go something like this: Salesperson Dat is 14 euro 20 bij elkaar, alstublieft. You [handing over money] Alstublieft. Salesperson [taking your money] Dank u wel. [giving you your change] Alstublieft. You [taking the change] Dank u wel. Tot ziens. Salesperson Tot ziens! o De boodschappen Because this chapter focuses on de boodschappen we have included this special section with various items you may want to buy when you're in the Low Countries. We've included some common everyday items and also some specifically Dutch foods: Het fruit fruit ueddeyospoog ep 3 de appel apple de appels apples de peer pear de peren pears de druif grape de druiven grapes de kersen cherries de aardbeien strawberries de tomaten tomatoes de meloenen melons de citroenen /emons de kers cherry de aardbei strawberry de tomaat tomato de meloen melon de citroen lemon De groente vegetables bloemkool cauliflower sperziebonen green beans spinazie spinach aardappelen potatoes sla lettuce salade salad De kaas cheese jonge kaas (lit. young) cheese belegen kaas mature cheese oude kaas extra mature cheese Brood bread bruin brood brown bread wit brood white bread het bolletje roll het puntje hard roll Het beleg to have on bread de boter butter de ham ham de hagelslag a kind of hundreds and thousands de pindakaas peanut butter de chocoladepasta chocolate spread de jam jam de aardbeienjam strawberry jam Om te drinken to drink de thee tea de koffie coffee 0de melk milk de rode wijn red wine de witte wijn white wine het bier beer spa rood sparkling mineral water spa blauw still mineral water de sinaasappelsap orange juice de jus d’orange orange juice “ de volle melk full fat milk 48 | @ de halfvolle melk serni-skimmed milk 8 Cae g de magere melk skimmed milk gs 8 de suiker sugar 8 e de wijn wine 8 8 : 3 $ 0 0 Om te knabbelen to nibble chips crisps Grammar pinda’s peanuts Pronouns noten 7uts The words for I, you, she, they, etc. are called personal (subject) pronouns. We’ve already seen most of them, but here is a complete list: toastjes crackers Exercise 2 You're going to the supermarket for a big shopping trip. Look at the illustrations that follow and say what you need, following the ed unstressed example. Use the phrase Ik heb ... nodig I eed ... singular ik (’k) I example: jij je you (informal) u — you (formal) hij (ie) he Zij ze she het t it plural wij we we jullie — you (informal) u =_ you (formal) zij ze they As we've already seen with jij and je (in unit 01), most of the pronouns have a stressed and an unstressed form. Generally, the unstressed forms are used, unless you want to emphasize who you’re talking about (for instance when this isn’t entirely clear): Ze betaalt belasting. She pays tax. Ik betaal belasting maar I pay tax but she doesn’t! zij niet! When writing you cannot use the forms in parentheses. They are considered too informal.ueddeyospoog ep 8 v0 Exercise 3 Complete the following sentences by providing the correct stressed pronoun. example: (I) woon in Nijmegen. answer: Ik woon in Nijmegen. a (you, plural/informal) drinken te veel wijn. b (they) willen graag naar de markt in Haarlem. ¢ (she) koopt sinaasappels en kersen. d (you, singular, formal) bent aan de beurt. (it’s your turn) e (he) zit de hele dag voor de televisie. (sit in front of the television all day) f (you, singular, informal) hebt veel boeken. (many books) g (I) wil graag een kopje koffie. h (we) gaan morgen naar het strand. (beach) It When referring to things in Dutch — always it in English — both het and hij are used. You use het when you're referring to a het word: Heb jij het boek? Do you have the book? Ja, ik heb het. Yes, I have it. When referring to a de word you have to use hij: Is de bibliotheek open? Is the library open? Ja, hij is open. Yes, it’s open. Exercise 4 Fill in the correct pronoun. Use the stressed form only when needed. example: Wilt koffie? (you, singular, formal) answer: Wilt u koffie? a Ben erg moe? (very tired) (you, singular, informal) b Hee een nieuwe vriendin? (new girlfriend) (he) c gaat vaak joggen. (often goes jogging) (she) d hou van je. Hou ook van mij? (I, you, singular, informal) (I love you. Do you love me?) e Waar komen vandaan? (you, plural, informal) f _____ kosten €5 per kilo. (they) g eruit of eruit! (she’s going or I’m going) (she, I) h Heb de krant van vandaag? (today’s paper) (you, singular, informal) Grammar Hoeveel? how much? When you go shopping, you'll need to be able to say how much you want of something. We’ve seen various different ways of expressing quantities. Some are very specific, like weights: een gram gram een ons = 100 gram een pond = 500 gram een kilo = 1,000 gram Note the difference between a/an and one in Dutch. Both are usually written as een, but to make absolutely clear you mean one instead of a/an, you can add two accents to the double e: één one een a/an Halves are easily expressed by adding -eneenhalf to a number (lit. and a half): tweeéneenhalf two and a half viereneenhalf ons 450 grams Only one and a half doesn’t work this way: anderhalf one and a half A specific quantity preceded by zo’n means about or roughly that amount. You can also use ongeveer about/roughly: zo’n 300 gram about 300 grams ongeveer een kilo about a kilo You can be even more vague by using wat ... some ...: wat garnalen some shrimps Besides weights there are lots of other quantities, of course. Here are some of the most common: de fles bottle de doos box het pak carton de zak bag de krat crate CG Exercise 5 Say how much you need. Look at the following shopping list and use the information in parentheses to make up mini-dialogues, asking how much you need of everything and also providing the answer. ueddeyospoog epueddeyospoog ep & v0 example: aardbeien (een pond) answer: Hoeveel aardbeien hebben we nodig? We hebben een pond aardbeien nodig. tomaten (1,5 pond) citroenen (3) jonge kaas (4 ons) koffie (2 pakken) wijn (4 flessen) bier (een krat) chips (2 zakken) halfvolle melk (1 pak) re none op Grammar Formal and informal The difference between formal and informal is indicated not only by pronouns and verb forms. There are many other ways of using language formally or informally. For instance, by choosing formal or informal words and expressions. In the dialogues in this unit you saw the formal alstublieft a lot because in all the situations we had strangers talking to one another (customers and sales assistants) who would address each other formally. However, in informal situations you would use alsjeblieft. The same difference exists between dank u (wel) and dank (je) wel. Similarly, greetings can also differ between formal and informal situations. Goedemorgen, as we saw in the dialogues, is more formal, whereas hoi, for instance, is informal. When saying goodbye, tot ziens would be more formal than doei! Modal verbs Have a look at the following two short sentences from the dialogues: Wie mag ik helpen? Who may/can I help? Hoe kan ik u helpen? How can I help you? You can see that there are two verbs in each of these sentences. Mag / helpen in the first sentence and kan / helpen in the second. The two first verbs, mag from mogen and kan from kunnen belong to a group of verbs called modal verbs, which are usually combined with another verb. This second verb is put at the very end of the sentence and is always the infinitive form of the verb, helpen in the examples. In other words, it’s only the form of the | modal verb which changes. Just look at these examples. i Kunt u me helpen? Can you help me? g Mogen we hier zwemmen? — May we (are we allowed to) swim here? & Ik kan niet zwemmen. I can’t swim. a You can imagine how useful it is to be able to use these verbs 3 because in combination with the other verbs you already know, you'll be able to say a lot more. Here are the most often used modal verbs with all their forms: willen kunnen mogen moeten Rg want can/ maylbe must! beableto allowed _—_ have to ik wil kan mag moet jij wil/wilt* — kan/kunt* mag moet uw wilAwilt* kan/kunt* mag moet hij/zijhet — wil kan mag moet wij willen kunnen mogen moeten jullie willen kunnen mogen moeten u wil/wilt* kan/kunt* mag moet 2ij willen kunnen mogen. moeten (* Wilt and kunt are more formal than wil and kan.) If the infinitive used in combination with the modal verb is hebben or gaan, it is usually left out: Wij willen cen biertje We want (to have) a beer. (hebben). Tk moet naar het station I have to go to the (gaan). railway station. GC Exercise 6 Fill in the correct form of the modal verb. example: Maria morgen werken. (moeten) answer: Maria moet morgen werken. a Ik in het weekend in het bos wandelen. (walk in the forest) (willen) b je hier roken? (Are you allowed to smoke here?) (mogen) ce Hij erg goed zingen. (sing really well) (kunnen) d jullie dat formulier ook invullen? (fill in that form) (moeten) e Ik morgen niet komen. (kunnen)50 & z a 8 B : 0 f je iets meer of iets minder? (willen) g We nu de afwas doen. Of later. (kunnen) (We can do the dishes now. Or later.) h jij eerst je werk afmaken. (finish your work) (moeten) Qo Exercise 7 Give a positive answer to the following questions. example: Kun je zwemmen? Can you swim? answer: Ja, ik kan zwemmen. a Mag je van je baas thuis werken? Does your boss allow you to work at home? b Moet je vaak de afwas doen? Do you have to do the dishes a lot? ¢ Kan ik vanmiddag op visite komen? Can I come and visit (drop by) this afternoon? d Willen jullie melk in je koffie? Would you like milk in your coffee? e Mogen we hier roken? Are we allowed to smoke here? f£ Wil je het huis ook echt kopen? Do you really want to buy the house? g Kan je de computer zelf repareren? Can you repair the computer yourself? h Moet ik het programma voor je opnemen? Do I have to record the programme for you? : Se ® —_ eaten ce 4AM 8} MOU NOA OP ~5eM ap n }eoM In this unit you will learn + how to ask for and give directions + how to ask for information~6am ep njyeem 8 30 C3 Dialogues 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Op het plein /n the square Michiel is on his lunch break from work. He’s sitting reading a newspaper on a bench in a busy square. A woman passer-by approaches him: Passer-by 1 Pardon, meneer. Ik zoek het NS-station. Michiel U moet hier links. Dan loopt u rechtdoor. Het station ziet u aan de linkerkant. Passer-by 1 Dank u wel. NS-station railway station Ik zoek... I’m Jooking for ... U moet hier links. Go /eft here. dan loopt urechtdoor _ then walk straight ahead aan de linkerkant on the /eft (side) Michiel continues reading his newspaper, but then a man walks up to him. Passer-by 2 Pardon, mag ik u iets vragen? Michiel va, natuurlijk. Passer-by 2 Weet u de weg naar het ziekenhuis? Michiel Ja, hoor. U gaat hier rechtsaf en u loopt tot de stoplichten. Bij de stoplichten moet u linksaf. Het ziekenhuis is dan de derde straat rechts. Passer-by 2 Vriendelijk bedankt. Mag ik u iets vragen? Weet u de weg naar het ziekenhuis? u gaat hier linksaf tot de stoplichten bij de stoplichten de derde straat rechts Vriendelijk bedankt. May I ask you something? Do you know the way to the hospital? turn left here up to the traffic lights at the traffic lights the third street on the right Thank you very much. A few moments later, a car stops in front of Michiel and a young woman leans out of the window. Passer-by 3 Hoi, ben je hier bekend? Michiel Jawel. J, Sy sce a mee arses Passer-by 3 0, gelukkig. Ik wil parkeren maar ik kan geen plek vinden. Is er hier een parkeergarage? Michiel Ja, ik geloof het wel. Passer-by 3 Weet je waar? Michiel Passer-by3 Ja. Nou, zie je die kerk daar voorbij de stoplichten? Je moet voorbij die kerk en dan is het ergens aan de linkerkant. Het is de derde of de vierde straat, geloof Michiel ik. Ik weet niet precies waar. Passer-by3 Dat geeft niet. Ik weet genoeg. Dank je! Michiel Geen dank. Passer-by 3 Hoi! Ben je hier bekend? jawel 0, gelukkig Ik wil parkeren. Ik kan geen plek vinden. Is er hier een parkeergarage? Ja, ik geloof het wel. Weet je waar? Zie je die kerk daar? voorbij de stoplichten dan is het ergens aan de linkerkant de derde of de vierde straat ik weet niet precies waar Dat geeft niet. Ik weet genoeg. Do you know the area? yes, |do oh, good /k want to park (my car). | can’t find a space. Is there a car park here? Yes, | think so. Do you know where? Can you see that church there? past the traffic lights then it's somewhere on the left-hand side the third or fourth street | don't know where exactly That doesn't matter. | know enough (have enough information). Just as Michiel is about to have a sandwich, two women - clearly in a hurry - come up to him: iP Passer-by 4 Meneer? Michiel Ja, mevrouw? Passer-by5 Waar is de Kastanjelaan? Passer-by 4 Ja, we kunnen de Kastanjelaan niet vinden. Weet u waar die is? Michiel bus stappen. Passer-by5 Op de bus? Michiel Ja, lijn 23. Passer-by 4 Is het zo ver dan? Eh, ja. Maar het is best ver. U kunt hier beter op de E6emepnjoom SF 0Bem epnyoom B Michiel Nog wel zo’n half uur lopen. Passer-by 5 Dat is te ver, Sjaan, dan maar met de bus. Passer-by 4 Goed dan. Bedankt hoor. Michiel Graag gedaan. We kunnen ... niet vinden. We can't find ... Weet u waar die is? Do you know where it is? Hetis best ver. t's quite a long way. op de bus stappen get on a bus lijn 23 bus 23 (lit. line 23) Is het zo ver dan? sit far then? Nog wel zo'n half uur lopen. _/t’s about a half hour walk. Datis te ver. That's too far. Dan maar met de bus. Then we'll go by bus. goeddan ok then Michiel is starting his sandwich again. Once more someone approaches. Passer-by 6 Pardon, meneer. Bent u hier bekend? Michiel Nee, het spijt me. Ik ben hier helemaal niet bekend. Passer-by 6 0, nou, bedankt. tk ben hier helemaal niet bekend. / don’t know the area at all. O, nou, bedankt. Oh, well, thanks. Exercise 1 Before you go any further, read through the different situations again and make sure you know what's being said. Act the situations out, preferably with a partner. How to... ° Ask for directions Asking for directions (and understanding the directions you’re given!) is a surprisingly difficult task. It takes a lot of practice before you'll feel confident. It’s usually best to start with the simplest and most straightforward language: Ik zoek ... Waar is ... ? I'm looking for ... Where is... 2 These two simple phrases will get you a long way. Don’t forget to try and be as polite as possible, of course. But even that’s not difficult, simply say pardon, meneer or pardon, mevrouw excuse me sirlmadam. If you want to use a little more language, you could first ask permission to ask a question: Pardon, mag ik u iets vragen? Excuse me, may I ask you something? Or you can ask first whether someone knows the area: Bent u hier bekend? To ask for actual directions you could use more elaborate a language: Weet u de weg naar het eBom epnjyeom 2 Do you know the area? Do you know the way to ziekenhuis? the hospital? Weet u waar het ziekenhuis Do you know where the is? hospital is? Is er hier een parkeergarage? _Is there a car park around here? De Kastanjelaan. Weet u De Kastanjelaan. Do you waar die is? know where it is? © Give directions Giving directions can be done in many different ways, too. Starting with the simplest, you can indicate the actual direction: links left rechts right rechtdoor straight ahead aan de linkerkant om the left (band side) aan de rechterkant on the right (hand side) To indicate someone has to turn left or right, you can use: linksaf turn left rechtsaf turn right Normally, people give directions in Dutch by using the verbs moeten must/have to or gaan go: U moet hier links. (You have to go) left here. U gaat hier rechtsaf. (Go and) turn right here. Other verbs to do with motion can also be used. So, for a pedestrian you can use lopen to walk and for someone driving a car you can use rijden drive, for instance: U loopt tot de stoplichten. Walk up to the traffic lights. U rijdt hier rechtdoor. Drive straight on here.26em ep njeom gt SO You can also use nemen take or turn into a street on the right or left: Uneemt de eerste straat rechts. Take the first street on the right. Dan neemt u de vierde Then take the fourth street straat links. on the left. To cross a street is oversteken, which is used as follows: Bij het zebrapad steekt u over. Cross the street at the zebra crossing. Some other useful vocabulary: de straat street de weg road de snelweg motorway naar to tot up to voorbij past tegenover opposite naast next to voor in front of achter behind ergens somewhere het zebrapad zebra crossing het stoplicht traffic light de rotonde roundabout de afslag turning/exit (on motorways) Note that even though most of the directions are given in a more formal way (because it’s usually strangers speaking), you can, of course, be more informal as well, like the woman who drives up to Michiel in a car in the third dialogue. She is probably being informal because both she and Michiel are of the same generation and relatively young, so being informal would be accepted. So, for instance, she greets him with the informal hoi and instead of Bent u hier bekend? she asks him Ben je hier bekend? © Exercise 2 Use the information given to ask for directions in an appropriate Manner, example: You approach an elderly lady in the street. You’re looking for the post office. (het postkantoor) answer: Pardon, mevrouw. Ik zoek het postkantoor. NB Of course this answer and the answers in the key are just examples. Try out as many different ways as possible. a You're ina railway station looking for a toilet. You approach a (male) member of staff, You’re asking a lady where the post office is. Ask a teenager whether there’s a car park in the area. You ask a man whether he knows the way to De Langestraat. Ask a lady whether she knows the area. Say that you're looking for a bank (een bank). Ask a traffic warden where the hospital is. Boi! We have already seen hoi! as a way of greeting people, but in the dialogues in this chapter you can see that hoil can also be used to say goodbye. This is a relatively new thing, and is used mostly by young people in very informal situations. @roor Hoor is used in different contexts and can be difficult to translate (and for that reason is often not translated at alll), but often it is used simply to reassure the listener, as in: eas > ja, hoor yes (certainly) bedankt hoor thanks (very much) Grammar Moeten In the previous unit we looked at modal verbs: verbs which are used in combination with other verbs. It was briefly mentioned there that, when the verb in combination with the modal verb is either hebben or gaan, this verb is usually left out. You come across this quite a bit when asking for or giving directions. Moeten is used a lot when giving directions and frequently you will see moeten on its own because the second verb gaan is left out: U moet hier rechtdoor (gaan). (You have to) go straight on here. Je moet voorbij die kerk (gaan). (You have to) go past that church. The same happens with the other modal verbs when used in combination with gaan and hebben. Ik wil een auto (hebben). I want (to have) a car. We kunnen naar Brussel (gaan). We can go to Brussels. Jullie mogen niet uit (gaan). You aren't allowed (to go) out. 26am ep nyoom 046em ep nyoom g Exercise 3 Translate the following sentences into Dutch. example: You have to go to London tomorrow. (singular/informal) answer: Je moet morgen naar Londen. a Go left at the traffic lights. b We want to have a dvd-player. (dvd-speler) c She can’t go to the party. (het feest) d Do you want (to have) a dog? e The report (het rapport) has to go to head office (het hoofdkantoor) tomorrow. May I have another bisuit? (nog een koekje) They want to go home early. (vroeg naar huis) Remco and I have to go to Antwerp. (Antwerpen) pra Grammar Linking sentences: en and maar You have probably noticed that the sentences being used in the dialogues are getting longer. What’s happening is that we have started linking sentences together to make longer ones. This is done very easily in Dutch. You simply take two sentences, for instance: U gaat hier rechtsaf Turn right here. U loopt tot de stoplichten. Walk up to the traffic lights. and link them with the word en amd: U gaat hier rechtsaf en u loopt tot de stoplichten. The same can be done using maar but: Ik wil parkeren. I want to park (my car). Ik kan geen plek vinden. I can’t find a space. Ik wil parkeren maar ik kan geen plek vinden. Words like en and maar are called co-ordinating conjunctions. Here’s a list of the most common co-ordinating conjunctions in Dutch and the way in which they are used: ¢ enand (summing up information) Ik moet naar de kapper I have to go to the hairdresser en ik ga boodschappen doen. and I’m going to do the shopping. e maar but (indicates a contradiction) Ik heb eigenlijk geen tijd I don't really have the time maar ik ga toch. but I’m going anyway. © of or (indicates alternatives) Wil je vanavond soep Would you like soup tonight of heb je liever vis? or would you prefer fish? © want because (indicates a reason) Ik kan vanavond niet I can’t (come) tonight want ik heb al een afspraak. because | already have an appointment. © dus so, thus (indicates a conclusion) Ik heb niet veel tijd I don’t have much time dus ik moet snel werken. so I have to work quickly. Exercise 4 Fill in the correct conjunction in the following sentences. a_ Ik wil op vakantie ik heb geen geld. b We moeten hard werken het werk moet vanavond af (has to be finished this evening). c Wil je suiker melk in je koffie? d Geen suiker wel melk, alsjeblieft. e Ik ben moe ik doe niks! (nothing) f Wilt u Nederlandse kersen wilt u Spaanse? (Spanish ones) g Ik woon in Heerlen mijn zus (sister) woont daar ook. Grammar Where does the verb go? One of the most important things about Dutch is the place of the verb in a sentence. Most other elements can move around a great deal, but for verbs there are some strict rules. Luckily, there aren’t many and they’re easy to remember. The most important rule is that in statements the verb takes up the second position in the sentence. This means that the verb is the second item in the sentence, following the first item, which can consist of one word or a group of words. For example: Zij heeft een hele goede baan. She has a very good job. Mijn vriend en ik gaanop = My boyfriend and I are going vakantie. on holiday. gBem epnyoom & SO6am ep njyoom g Often, as in these examples, you start a statement with the subject of the sentence (zij in the first and mijn vriend en ik in the second example). However, you can also start your sentence with another word or phrase. The thing to remember is that the verb still has to come second, which means the subject moves behind the verb. This is called inversion. In this first sentence the subject precedes the verb: We gaan morgen op vakantie. We’re going on holiday tomorrow. But in the next sentence the subject has been moved behind the verb because the sentence starts with morgen: Morgen gaan we op vakantie. Tomorrow we're going on holiday. You’ve already seen that a sentence can contain more than one verb. In such cases the main verb — called the finite verb — takes the second position in the sentence, and the other verb(s) is/are moved to the very end. Ik moet morgen de hele dag werken. I have to work the whole day tomorrow, It hasn’t escaped you, of course, that questions are a little different from most other sentences. Questions are fine when they start with a question word — the verb comes in second position as usual: ‘Waarom moet je morgen werken? Why do you have to work tomorrow? But if the question doesn’t start with a question word, then the verb becomes the first item in the sentence. Moet je morgen werken? Exercise 5 Look at the following sentences from the dialogues. Underline the verb in each sentence and determine whether inversion has taken place or not. a U moet hier links. b Dan loopt u rechtdoor. c Het station ziet u aan de linkerkant. d_ Bij de stoplichten moet u linksaf. Exercise 6 Rewrite the following sentences, starting the new sentence with the underlined word or words. Do you have to work tomorrow? example: Ik drink normaal koffie met melk. I normally drink white coffee (lit. coffee with milk). answer: Normaal drink ik koffie met melk. a We gaan morgen naar het strand. We are going to the beach tomorrow. b Hij heeft vaak hoofdpijn. He often has headaches. c Ze hebben een tweede huis in Italié. They have a second home in Italy. d Hij rijdr altijd te snel op de snelweg. He always drives too fast on the motorway. e Je moet de keuken schoonmaken. You have to clean the kitchen. f Hij kan zijn emails vandaag niet lezen. He can’t read his emails to g eek voor de spits vertrekken. She wants to leave before the rush hour. h We willen dit jaar ons huis verven. We want to paint our house this year. Exercise 7 Put the following sentences in the right order. Sometimes there may be more than one possibility. werken — wij — vandaag — moeten wil — ook — morgen — je — naar de bioscoop? (cinema) op vakantie — wij — in februari - gaan rechtsaf — u — moet — bij de stoplichten weet — naar het Rijksmuseum — de weg — u? want — komen - ik — niet - kan - naar de dokter — moet — ik je vader en moeder (father and mother) —vandaan — komen — waar? repareren — ik — morgen — mijn computer — moet rm mean oe Grammar Numbers: eerste, tweede, derde ... Numbers such as first, second, third are called ordinals. In Dutch they are formed by adding —de or -ste to the cardinal numbers (vier, tien, twaalf, etc.) If you don’t want to write them in full, you can simply add an -e to the number: le eerste Se vijfde 2e tweede 6e zesde 3e derde Te zevende 4e vierde 8e achtste 25am ep nyoom QD26em ep nyoom 3 sO 9e negende 1Se vijftiende 10e tiende 16e zestiende 1le elfde 17e zeventiende 12e twaalfde 18e achttiende 13e dertiende 19e negentiende 14e veertiende 20e twintigste Note that eerste and derde are irregular forms. Exercise 8 Write the numbers in parentheses in full in Dutch. example: Het postkantoor is in de (2nd) straat rechts. answer: Het postkantoor is in de tweede straat rechts. a Dit is de (4th) keer dat je te laat bent. This is the fourth time you have been late. b De Sint Annalaan is de (3rd) straat links. Sint Annalaan is the third street on the left. ¢ Mijn (Sth) vrouw heet Carolien. My fifth wife’s name is Carolien. d_ De (13th) verdieping bestaat niet. The thirteenth floor doesn’t exist. e Hij doet het rijexamen voor de (8th) keer. He’s taking his driving test for the eighth time. G Exercise 9 Look at the map and listen to the recording if you have it. Following the directions given, identify which building/place you are shown the way to. [_20 | SLI a 3 1 het postkantoor 11 de supermarkt 2 de bank 12 de bioscoop 3 het museum 13 het station 4 het park 14 het café 5 het hotel 15 het VVV Dutch tourist office 6 de kerk church 16 de dokter 7 de markt market 17 de school 8 het restaurant 18 het zwembad swimming pool 9 het politiebureau police station 19 de schoenwinkel shoe shop 10 het ziekenhuis 20 het stadhuis town hall a U moet rechtdoor voorbij het zebrapad tot de stoplichten. Bij de stoplichten gaat u rechtsaf. Het is rechtdoor aan het einde yan de straat. (at the end of the street) b Je moet hier rechtdoor en dan linksaf. Dan weer rechtdoor, en het is voorbij de stoplichten aan de rechterkant. c U moet hier rechtsaf en dan direct linksaf. Het is aan de linkerkant. d Je gaat hier direct linksaf en dan rechtdoor. Bij de stoplichten moet je rechtsaf tot de rotonde. Bij de rotonde neem je de tweede straat rechts. Het is aan de rechterkant. Exercise 10 Now use the map and the various places indicated to practise giving directions. Try and make up various dialogues, so start by asking for directions in different situations (formal and informal) and in different ways and then provide the answers yourself. {Bem ep nyeom B idlu S8OUS 99) jU@UBOYOS 9yNod| In this unit you will learn * how to describe things + how to talk about colours * how to talk about clothes * how to say whether you like something or not (© Dialogues 1, 2 and 3 Petra and Alex are on holiday in the Netherlands. As they get ready to head off into town, Petra decides what she wants to do that day: Petra Alex, ik heb een paar nieuwe schoenen nodig. Alex Alweer? Je hebt toch schoenen? Petra dij snapt dat niet. Die passen toch niet bij deze broek. Alex Waarom niet? Petra Dat zie je toch zo? Trouwens, ik wil ook een paar comfortabele schoenen. We lopen zoveel. Ik wil een paar leuke sportschoenen. Kom op, we gaan winkelen. Alex —O, nou, Oké dan. 65 = e @ 3 = ° cy 2 2 2 90 alweer? Je hebt toch schoenen? Jij snapt dat niet. Die passen toch niet bij deze broek. Dat zie je toch zo? | een paar nieuwe schoenen trouwens We lopen zoveel. leuke kom op We gaan winkelen. In de winkelstraat: a pair of new shoes again? You have shoes, don't you? You don't understand. They don’t go with these trousers. Can't you see? (lit. you can see that easily, can’t you?) anyway We walk such a lot. nice come along We're going shopping. Petra Kijk, daar in die etalage. Daar hebben ze leuke schoenen. Alex Hmm. Wel duur. Petra Ik ga naar binnen. Winkelbediende Dag. Kan ik u helpen? Petra Ja, er staat een paar witte sportschoenen in de Winkelbediende Petra Winkelbediende Petra Winkelbediende etalage. Kan ik die even passen? Natuurlijk. Welke bedoelt u? Die witte met rode strepen. Daar vooraan. Ik zie ze. Welke maat heeft u? Maat 36. Ik ga ze even halen. Een ogenblik.JueUEOYoS ene} 3 90 kijk ook daar indie etalage there in the shop window welduur expensive though Ik ga naarbinnen. = /'m going in. Kan ik die even passen? Can! try those on? Welke bedoelt u?_ ~—- Which ones do you mean? die witte those white ones met rode strepen _ with red stripes daar vooraan there at the front Welke maat? What size? Ik gaze evenhalen. _/’m going to get them. een ogenblik one moment Even later A little later: Petra Hoe vind je deze schoenen? Alex Nou, ik vind ze eigenlijk niet zo mooi. Ik hou niet van die rode strepen. Petra Ze zitten wel goed. Misschien zijn die donkerblauwe toch leuker. Die hebben witte strepen. Winkelbediende Ze zijn er ook nog in het grijs met zwarte strepen. Petra O nee, ik hou helemaal niet van zwart en grijs. Dat is veel te somber. Nee, ik neem deze blauwe, denk ik. Vind je deze wel mooi, Alex? Alex Ja, die blauwe zijn mooier. Petra En ze staan net zo goed bij deze broek. Goed, ik neem ze. Winkelbediende Prima, ik zal ze voor u in een tas doen. Loopt u even mee naar de kassa? Hoe vind je ...2 | What do you think of ...? Ik vind ze eigenlijk niet —/ don’t like them that zo mooi. much really. Ik hou niet van... / don’t like ... Ze zitten wel goed. They do fit well. +» toch leuker — ... nicer after all coknog = also grijs grey zwart — black veelte somber much too sombre Ikneem.. "ll have ... Ze staan net zo goed bij They go just as well with deze broek. these trousers. Ik zal ze voor u in een tas doen. Loopt u even mee? I'll put them in a bag for you. Will you follow me? (lit. will you walk with me?) naar de kassa_ =o the till Exercise 1 ‘As usual, go through the dialogues making sure you understand them thoroughly. Try to act them out with a partner. Bwinketen In unit 04 we had a look at boodschappen doen grocery shopping. In this unit we are dealing with a different kind of shopping: winkelen. Winkelen includes everything that isn't included in the groceries, so everything from clothes to things for the home and books. A shop is a winkel in Dutch, although sometimes, usually in combination with other words, zaak or handel are used as well. Here are some different types of shop: de boekwinkel/boekhandel bookshop de kledingzaak clothes shop het warenhuis department store de drogisterij chemist’s de schoenwinkel shoe shop de sportwinkel sports shop 8 Kleren clothes You will generally look for clothes in a kledingzaak although boutique and other names are used as well. Here is a list of items you can wear (with both singular and plural forms), including things like glasses and earrings. For all these you use the verb dragen in Dutch: Ik draag een t-shirt. Q@ TA de schoen het overhemd _het t-shirt deschoenen de overhemden de t-shirts I'm wearing a t-shirt. de broek de broeken a qq jueueoyos e4n9} 90I Note that some words, for example broek and bril, are singular in | Dutch, where they are plural in English. They can, therefore, be used I with singular verb forms in Dutch: Mijn broek is te lang. My trousers are too long. i Je nieuwe bril is mooi. Your new glasses are beautiful. [ @ De maten sizes I Measurements are different from those used in Britain and because i Dutch people are on average a little larger than British people, small sizes are not easy to obtain. 68 2 $ $ 5 8 3 3 69 5 é = 3 8 > 3 & $ & 2 90 Vrouwen Nederlandse maten 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 Engelse maten 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Mannen | Herenconfectie maten (men’s fashion sizes) I Nederlandse maten 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 iy Engelse maten 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 i Boordmaat (collar sizes) ’ incentimeters 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 in inches 14 142 15 15%215% 16 16% 17 17% 17% 1 Broch i Toch is another one of those little words that can be used in different i situations and which is difficult to translate. In the dialogues we saw it d ; in two different contexts. In the first it is used like an English tag | question, to check that certain information is correct. Often this also conveys some irritation on the part of the speaker (particularly in the de oorbel de ring de bril de piercit second example). de oorbellen de ringen de brillen de piercings Je hebt toch schoenen? You have shoes, don’t you? Die passen toch niet bij Those don't go with these deze broek. trousers, do they?70 : & 8 = 8 3 2 90 In the second context, toch means after all: Misschien zijn die blauwe toch leuker. Grammar Houden van Perhaps those blue ones are nicer after all. The Dutch often use the expression houden van to like/love to convey their likes and dislikes. Ik hou van rood, Hij houdt niet van rood. I like red. He doesn't like red. The verb houden is regular, except that the stem of the verb, which should be houd, is usually written (and certainly pronounced) as hou: Tk hou van jou. I love you. The same goes when je/jij appear behind the verb and the -t is dropped: instead of houd, you'd usually write hou. Another verb which can be used to express likes and dislikes is vinden which literally means to fird, but is often better translated as think: Wat vind jij? Vindt hij het huis mooi? houden van to like / love ik hou van jij houdt van (but: hou jij van ...?) u houdt van hij/zij/het houdt van wij houden van jullie houden van u_houdt van zij houden van CG Exercise 2 What do you think? Does he like the house? vinden to find (think) vind vindt (but: vind jij?) vindt vindt vinden vinden vindt vinden Using the information given, use the correct form of houden van to ask whether the following people like various things. example: Robert / moderne kunst (modern art) answer: a Milva/ politiek (politics) Houdt Robert van moderne kunst? b_ Esther en Fred / klassieke muziek (classical music) ¢ Marius / kranten lezen (reading newspapers) d_ Bill en Nancy / zwemmen (swimming) e Frédérique en haar kinderen / schoonmaken (cleaning) f jij / literatuur (literature) D Exercise 3 Now give a positive and a negative answer to the questions you’ve come up with in Exercise 2. example: Houdt Robert van moderne kunst? answer: positive: Ja, Robert houdt van moderne kunst. negative: Nee, Robert houdt niet van moderne kunst. CG Exercise 4 Use the information given to ask what people think. Use the correct form of vinden. example: Monique / Italiaans eten (Italian food) / lekker (nice) answer: Vindt Monique Italiaans eten lekker? Johan / Indonesisch eten / lekker Julie en Micha / fietsen (cycling) / leuk (fur) jullie / soaps op de TV / saai (boring) Michaels zus (Michael’s sister) / fotografie (photography) / interessant (interesting) jij / sporten (playing sports) / leuk je ouders (your parents) / de schilderijen van Rembrandt (Rembrandt's paintings) / mooi aos hm Grammar Deze/die + dit/dat You will have noticed the use of these four words in the dialogues at the beginning of this unit. Deze/die and dit/dat are the Dutch words for this/that. Deze this and die that are used with de words. Dit this and dat that are used with het words: de auto the car deze auto this car _ die auto that car het huis the house dit huis this house dat huis that house Because all plurals are de words, you always use deze these and die those with them: deauto’s the cars deze auto’s these cars __ die auto’s those cars de huizen deze huizen die huizen the houses these houses those houses “I = juauecyss ene} 90~ Nn jueueoyos oyna] | You usually use deze/die/dit/dat, or demonstratives as they're called, directly in front of nouns: Is dit boek van jou of Is this book yours or that dat boek? book? But when it is clear what you are talking about you can also leave the noun out and use the demonstratives on their own. In English, you'd often add one: Is dit boek van jou of dat? Wil je deze film zien of die? Is this book or that one? Do you want to see this film or that one? Exercise 5 Fill in deze, die, dit or dat. There are usually two possibilities. Hoe heet hond? (dog) Waar komt geld vandaan? Hoe heet James Bond film? Zijn sleutels van jou? (Are these/those keys yours?) Ik vind koffie niet om te drinken! (really horrible) horloge (watch) is heel oud. boek kost €6 en boek kost €12. Mijn broer vindt kamer niet groot genoeg. (My brother thinks this/that room isn’t big enough.) ra mean op Grammar Adjectives Adjectives are words that describe characteristics of objects, people and ideas. There are various examples in the dialogues: nieuw new, leuk nice/fun, wit white, somber sombre, mooi beautiful, etc. Normally, the standard form of adjectives is used, as in the few examples you’ve just seen and as they’re listed in the dictionary. However, when used in front of nouns — and this happens a lot — an -e needs to be added to the adjective: Het boek is mooi. The book ts beautiful. (no -e because the adjective comes after the noun) But: Het mooie boek. The beautiful book. (an -e is added because the adjective is in front of the noun) There is one exception to this rule: no ~e is added to the adjective in front of an indefinite het word. This means that if the noun you're talking about is a het word and is used with een or no article at all, then the adjective does ot get an —-€. The interesting book. An interesting book. Het interessante boek. Een interessant boek. When adding an -e to adjectives, you may have to alter the spelling, following the spelling rules explained at the beginning of this book. Wit white becomes witte for instance and leeg empty becomes lege: een wit overhemd a white shirt het witte overhemd the white shirt een leeg glas an empty glass het lege glas the empty glass Here are some useful pairs of adjectives: groot large klein small dik fat dun thin mooi beautiful lelijk ugly duur expensive goedkoop cheap interessant interesting saai boring snel fast langzaam slow hoog high laag low warm warm koud cold goed good slecht bad oud old nieuw mew licht light donker dark And here are some colours, which can also function as adjectives: zwart black wit white rood red blauw blue groen green geel yellow bruin brown grijs grey (becomes grijze) roze pink oranje orange Materials when used as adjectives usually get an -en ending which never changes: goud gold becomes gouden een gouden ring a gold ring zilver silver becomes _zilveren een zilveren oorbel a silver earring hout wood becomes houten een houten tafel a wooden table However, plastic keeps its English spelling: een plastic tasje a plastic bag. ~ eo jueueoyos eyno} 90“N a jueueoyos ayn} 90 rameaoge Note that welk which also functions as an adjective. Welk boek? Which book? Welke film? Which film? Go Exercise 6 Describe what the following people are wearing. Make sure you add an -¢ to the adjectives when needed. example: Jenny: blue blouse, grey trousers, black shoes answer: Jenny draagt een blauwe blouse, een grijze broek en zwarte schoenen. Felipe: blue trousers, white shirt, green tie Marja: red dress, gold earrings, black glasses Chris: dark suit, light tie, gold watch Jurgen: black t-shirt, yellow shorts, white socks Jennifer: green skirt, pink blouse, yellow glasses Karin: brown trousers, black shoes, silver ring Joop: grey trousers, blue shirt, orange tie Miranda: white dress, pink shoes, plastic earrings Exercise 7 Now describe in as much detail as possible what you are wearing. You may want to look up new words in a dictionary. Grammar Big, bigger, biggest Comparatives (words like bigger) and superlatives (words like biggest) are used to compare objects, people and ideas or to indicate that they surpass all others: Ik ben groter dan jij! I'm bigger than you! Mijn auto is sneller dan My car’s faster than your car. jouw auto. Maar zijn auto is het snelst. But his car is the fastest. In Dutch these forms are easily made. You add -er to adjectives to make comparatives, and -st to make superlatives. With superlatives you always use het: adjective comparative (add -er) superlative (add —st) mooi beautiful — mooier het mooist more beautiful most beautiful vreemd strange vreemder het vreemdst stranger strangest | When the adjective ends in an -1, then you add ~der instead of -er for comparatives: duur expensive duurder more expensive het duurst most expensive The rules for adding an -e to adjectives also apply to comparatives and superlatives. I want a bigger house. I want a bigger car. the most beautiful dog in Ik wil een groter huis. Ik wil een grotere auto. de mooiste hond ter wereld the world As usual, there are also some irregular forms. Here are the most common ones. goed good beter better het best best veel much/many meer more het meest most weinig Jittle/few minder less/fewer het minst Jeast/fewest Quick and quickly In English, you can make an adjective into an adverb by adding -ly to an adjective. In Dutch, this is not necessary because adverbs have the same form as adjectives: Het is slecht weer. It’s bad weather. slecht = adjective Het team speelt slecht. The team play badly. slecht = adverb An adverb which is used a lot in Dutch, but which is difficult to translate into English, is graag. Graag expresses the fact that you like doing something: I like (to go) swimming. I like (to go) walking on the beach. Graag has irregular forms for the comparative and superlative: liever (when you prefer something) and het liefst (when you most Ik zwem graag. Ik loop graag op het strand. like doing something): Ik drink graag koffie. I like (drinking) coffee. Hij drinkt liever thee. He prefers (drinking) tea. Zij drinkt het liefst wijn. Most of all, she likes (to drink) wine, ~ a = 2 3 a 8 g 8 3 3 90~ o juaueoyos oyna} ramen oe Co Exercise 8 Pretend you are shopping with a Dutch-speaking friend. Ask him or her which of the following items/things s/he wants to buy. Use dit/dat, deze/die in your questions. example: de auto: blauw/zwart answer: Wil je deze blauwe auto kopen of die zwarte (auto)? het boek: dun/dik de poster: goedkoop/duur de bank (sofa): groot/klein het horloge: goud/zilver de tafel: hoog/laag de computer: snel/langzaam de gordijnen (curtains): groen/blauw het schilderij (painting): modern/klassiek Grammar Talking about the future Talking about the future in Dutch is very easy: you usually just use a form of the present tense. However, you can also use gaan to go, which operates like a modal verb in these cases, ie. you combine it with an infinitive at the end of the sentence. This structure looks a lot like English: Ik ga een CD kopen. I’m going to buy a CD. We gaan het huis roze We’re going to paint the house schilderen. pink. Zallen shall/will is used in combination with an infinitive to make the proper future tense, but this is used much less often than the present tense or gaan + infinitive to talk about the future. Zullen is only used when making a promise or giving a guarantee. Ik zal het niet vergeten. I won't forget. Hij zal het voor u doen. He will do it for you. Here are the forms of the verb zullen: ik zal wij zullen jij zal jullie zullen u uzal hij/zij zal zij zullen Exercise 9 Look at Jasper’s diary and write down what he’s going to do next week, Use gaan + infinitive. example: maandag answer: Ik ga maandag zwemmen. MAANDAG VRIDAG zwemmen koffie drinken bij Remco swimming have coffee at Remco’s DINSDAG ZATERDAG boodschappen doen het huis schoonmaken do the shopping clean the house WOENSDAG ZONDAG de auto wassen met de hond op het wash the car strand wandelen walk on the beach with the dog DONDERDAG squashen met Erik play squash with Erik jususoyss ayne; 2}LO 1Nn0}e4 GB Dialogue 79 David is going to visit a business contact in Wageningen. Helen | =3 needs the car today, so David will go by train. aa Aan het loket op het station: 5 3 David Ik ga naar Wageningen. Welke trein moet ik dan nemen? 3 3 Lokettist Even kijken hoor. Er is geen directe verbinding. U moet 3 de sneltrein tot Utrecht nemen. Daar moet u op de 5 stoptrein naar Arnhem overstappen. o David Hoe laat vertrekt de trein naar Utrecht? Lokettist Er gaat een trein over tien minuten van spoor 3A. U kunt proberen die trein te halen. Hij is om half negen in | Utrecht. In Utrecht staat als het goed is de stoptrein ~“ naar Arnhem te wachten. David Dank u, mag ik dan een retourtje Wageningen en een strippenkaart graag. David moet in Wageningen de bus nemen. Lijn 6 komt langs de Merwedestraat. De bus staat klaar dus hij hoeft niet lang te wachten. In de bus: David Hoeveel strippen moet ik afstempelen? Buschauffeur Dat hangt ervan af. Waar wilt u naartoe? David Naar de Merwedestraat. Buschauffeur Dat is één zone, dus u moet twee strippen afstempelen. David Kunt u me waarschuwen als we er zijn? Buschauffeur Jazeker. het loket de lokettist ik ga naar even kijken hoor er is geen directe verbinding tot de sneltrein daar de stoptrein overstappen hoe laat vertrekt de trein? er gaat over 10 minuten | het spoor proberen use y! Hew uobuluebem al é In this unit you will learn + how to ask questions about public transport + how to tell the time uabuluebe\ 0} UNyol e eney | AeW é the ticket window the booking clerk 1am going to let me see there is no direct connection as far as the intercity there the stopping train to change (train/bus, etc.) when does the train leave? there is in 10 minutes the platform to try8 5 3 3 é 3 3 ‘efunojau uae yy Bew 40 tehalen to catch als het goed is should (if everything is the way it should be) wachten to wait het retourtje the retun de strippenkaart _ the ticket (for bus, tram, etc.) hij hoeft niet lang te wachten he doesn't have to wait long de bus staat klaar_ the bus is ready, walting lijn 6 komt langs the 6 comes along de buschauffeur the bus driver afstempelen to stamp (on the strippenkaart) dat hangt ervan af that depends waar wilt unaartoe? where do you want to go to? waarschuwen to warn, let someone know Exercise 1 Go through the dialogue to ensure that you understand everything. Then act out the situation, preferably with a partner. Oo Openbaar vervoer public transport The public transport system in the Netherlands is well organized. Trains and buses get you to many destinations and in Amsterdam and Rotterdam there are (albeit limited) underground services (de metro). In Amsterdam, Den Haag, Utrecht and Rotterdam there are trams as well. Fast tram services have been established in several places, the so-called sneltram, which takes passengers out of the centre of the town to the outlying areas quickly. There is a special ticket system for buses, trams and the metro, which is in operation throughout the Netherlands - de strippenkaart. This is a card consisting of several strips, which have to be stamped in a machine on entering the bus or tram. Each strip stands for one zone but one extra strip always has to be added to the total number of zones. A strippenkaart comes in two sizes-a small one containing 15 strips and a large one consisting of 45 strips. The strippenkaarten are sold at the railway stations, post office and sigarenwinkels cigarette shops - de voorverkoop advance purchase. It is possible to buy a small strippenkaart from the bus or tram driver, but that is considerably more expensive. For people over 65 in possession of Pas 65, a special pass, special strippenkaarten are available at a reduced rate. Train tickets (de treinkaart or het kaartje) are single (enkele reis or enkeltje) of return (het retour or retourtje). There is also a special pass, de voordéelurenkaart, which offers a reduction (de korting) after 9 a.m. on weekdays and all day at the weekend. Tickets are bought at the ticket window or from machines at the railway station called het NS-station, after the Dutch NS railway company. , OB Borden signs At railway stations it is easy to find your way around by looking at the signs. These are square blue pictograms depicting the various establishments, i.e. a knife and fork for a restaurant, a flower for the flower stall, a suitcase and umbrella for the left luggage, and so on. The times of departure are shown on large yellow and blue-edged signs, showing not only the departure times and platforms that the ‘trains depart from, but also the stations at which the train will stop. Various symbols indicate whether a train is an intercity or not, whether it runs on Sundays and public holidays and so on. Oo Spoor A train arrives at a spoor (lit. track), but the platform where the Passengers stand waiting for the train is called a perron. When you ask from what platform the train leaves, you may use either of these words. @even This is one of these little Dutch words that can have several meanings and are frequently inserted into sentences; often it means just. When you learn a new language you sometimes have to learn whole phrases at a time, as ways of expressing certain ideas are different from your native language. An example of this is Hoeveel zones moet ik afstempelen? Since there is no comparable ticket system in Britain you would not have known the right phrase to use. oo = a Q o 2 = a & 3 2 3 a i i 2 2 3. 0i i efunoje uee 4) Bew 8 40 Exercise 2 Answer the following questions with complete sentences in Dutch. DQ 358832 NV Nederlandse Spoorwegen Geldig opivan 21.05.02 Geldig tot en met DAGRETOUR HAARLEM AMSTERDAM CS Nummer Prijs 885.072 161821 8,50 Bij: Dit is het treinkaartje van David. This is David's train ticket. Van welk station vertrekt David? Waar gaat hij naartoe? Wat kost het kaartje? Is het een enkeltje of een retourtje? aoe How to... © Say that you have to/need to do something U moet de trein tot Utrecht You have to take the train nemen. as far as Utrecht. Hoeveel strippen moet ik How many strips must afstempelen? J cancel? ¢ Buy a train ticket Een enkeltje Alkmaar graag. _A single to Alkmaar, please. Mag ik een enkele reis naar May I have a single to Alkmaar? Alkmaar? Een retourtje Groningen graag. A return to Groningen, please. Mag ik een retour naar May I have a return to Groningen? Groningen? « Say you want to go to a particular destination Waar wilt u naartoe? Where do you want to go to? Naar de Merwedestraat. To the Merwedestraat. Ik wil naar de Merwedestraat. I want to go to the Merwedestraat. ¢ Ask for the time Hoe laat is het? Het is tien voor één. Hoe laat vertrekt de trein? Om vijf over acht. What's the time? It is ten to one. When does the train leave? At five past eight. Say that something depends Hoeveel zones moet ik How many strips must I afstempelen? cancel? Dat hangt ervan af ... It depends ... De klok The 12-hour clock is used in everyday speech. The 24-hour clock is used only in written timetables, programmes and so on. The Dutch clock can be divided in half: the top part, which centres around the full hour and the bottom part which centres around the half hour. The top part of the Dutch clock is similar to the English clock: 5.45 kwart voor zes a quarter to six 5.50 tien voor zes ten to six 5.55 vijf voor zes five to six 6.00 zes uur six o'clock 6.05 _ vijf over zes five past six 6.10 tien over zes ten past six 6.15 kwart over zes @ quarter past six 83 5 efnoje uee 4) Bew 20g i eftunoje use 4) Beur 40 The bottom half of the Dutch clock is more tricky. In English, we express the half hour by saying ir is half past the hour, e.g. it is half past seven. In Dutch you look forward to the next hour: so 7.30 is half acht. 6.20 tien voor half zeven lit. ten to half before seven 6.25 _ vijf voor half zeven lit. five to half before seven 6.30 half zeven lit. half before seven 6.35 _ vijf over half zeven lit. five past half before seven 6.40 tien over half zeven lit. ten past half before seven It may be necessary to specify what time of day you are talking about: 01.00 één uur’s nachts 06.00 zes uur ’s morgens /’s ochtends 12.00 twaalf uur ’s middags twelve noon 19.00 zeven uur ’s avonds seven o'clock in the evening one o'clock at night six o'clock in the morning Ik moet de trein van vijf over I need to take the five past tien nemen. ten train. Om half negen ga ik naar I go to work at half past mijn werk. eight. Co Exercise 3 Tell the time on the clocks. Hoe laat is het? alHet is._____, d Het is . e Het is c Hetis__. & 5 3 3 7 a 3 3 ; i 2 2 LO8 s ec 2 a 3 3 efunojzs use yj Bew L0 G Exercise 4 Look at the timetable and answer the questions in complete sentences as if you were at the station in Amsterdam CS. SC CUCU UCC MGC MASSE OTS CT MST LT ie 1 0a >vervolg > Er ‘Schiphol ea Leiden e a 3 we ee Leiden 7800 Be ie 1 9 Yoorschoten Den Haag Mariahoeve Oe nage NOL 18 25 1827 a Hoe laat vertrekt de volgende trein naar Den Haag HS (Holland Spoor)? Hoe laat is de trein daar? Ik moet om kwart over zes in Leiden zijn. Welke trein moet ik dan nemen? Hoe laat vertrekt de trein naar Voorschoten? Kunt u mij vertellen welke trein ik moet nemen naar Schiphol? Gaat er een trein van Haarlem naar Schiphol? g Van welk station in Amsterdam gaat er een trein naar Den Haag CS? h Hoe laat vertrekt de volgende stoptrein van Leiden naar Den Haag CS? o om 0 on 7: Grammar Willen In unit 04 you were introduced to some modal verbs. Here is willen, one of those verbs, again. SINGULAR ik wil I want jij wile (wil) you want (informal) u wilt you want (formal) hij/zij/het wil helshe/it wants PLURAL wij willen we want jullie willen you want (informal) u wilt (wil) you want (formal) zij willen they want Ik wil bellen. I want to phone. Wil jij een appel? Zij willen wat drinken. Do you want an apple? They want to drink something. As you saw in unit 04 modal verbs are used very frequently and are often used in conjunction with another verb, which then appears in its full form (the infinitive) at the end of the sentence: Ik wil bloemen kopen. I want to buy flowers. Ik ga bellen. I’m going to phone. Wij willen wat drinken. We want something to drink. Zij gaan boodschappen doen. They are going to do the shopping. There is also a group of verbs that can be used together with an infinitive (the full verb), but in these cases te will have to be inserted before the infinitive. Some of these verbs are: hoeven have to proberen try vergeten forget staan (often translated as) to be zitten (often translated as) to be beginnen start beloven promise U hoeft niet lang te wachten. You don’t have to wait long. Ik probeer te komen. I am trying to come. Wij vergeren boodschappen We forget to do the shopping. te doen. gs 1 10i 3 i efunojes ues 4) Be 40 Hij staat te wachten. He ts (stands) waiting. Ik zit te lezen. 1 am reading. De trein begint te rijden. ‘The train starts to move. Ik beloof te komen. I promise to come. Ik durf niet te kijken. I don’t dare to look. Ik weiger dat te geloven. I refuse to believe that. Look at the ‘wheel’ diagram. In the left-hand side of the wheel are the key verbs that can be used in conjunction with an infinitive. In the right hand are several end parts of sentences always ending in the infinitive. But only the shadowed segments of the left wheel tally with the shadowed segments of the right. Similarly, the sections with a white background in the left side of the wheel can be linked to the white right-hand sections. Within these similarly coloured parts of the wheel, you can make up several sentences. Hoeven is normally used when you do not have to do something: U hoeft niet lang te wachten. You don’t have to wait long. U hoeft niet te komen. You don’t have to come. Moeten is normally used when you do have to do something. You have to wait a long time. U moet lang wachten. You have to come. U moet komen. Exercise 5 Fill the gaps with te or leave blank, as appropriate. Ik moet de trein van negen uur halen. Ik probeer de trein van half 10 halen. Ik durf niet naar huis gaan. Ik wil met je mee komen. (I want to come with you) Ik ga over tien minuten boodschappen doen. Hans zit de hele dag lezen. (Hans is reading all day) Vergeet niet je wisselgeld mee nemen. Je hoeft niet op me ___ wachten. Waar moet ik overstappen? Ingrid staat in de keuken praten. het wisselgeld small change Praten to talk Exercise 6 ‘Vul het juiste woord in. Fill in the right word. Use a word from the box. a Ikga Dordrecht. trein moet ik dan nemen? b Er gaat een trein acht minuten. em peg me ae oD U kunt proberen die trein__ halen. c¢ _____ kan ik bellen? d k graag een retourtje Castricum. e ik een strippenkaart? f Je niet lang op de bus te wachten. te over mag naar hoeft welke waar wil CGC Exercise 7 ‘You are going to visit a friend in hospital in Groningen. Imagine you are at the train station and you want to buy a return ticket to Groningen. You also want a strippenkaart, a small one, and you ask what time the train leaves. Act out this dialogue with the booking clerk at the station. Ask the questions to fit the answers, Use the recording, if you have got it. euabuyuesem g efinoyes use 4 Bew 408 #2 ao $= 2 es 33 ° g a oO 0 There are several ways of asking for train tickets. Only one is given here. You Lokettist Een grote of een kleine? You Lokettist Alstublieft. You ie Lokettist Even kijken, hoor. Om tien over half negen van spoor 8. When you are in Groningen you want to take the bus to het ziekenhuis. You ask the bus driver how many strips you need to stamp, whether you have to change buses and if he can let you know where to get off. Again, use the recording. You Buschauffeur Dat hangt ervan af. Waar wilt u naartoe? You Buschauffeur Dat is één zone, dus u moet twee strippen afstempelen. You Buschauffeur Jazeker. GC Exercise 8 Here are some of the most common pictograms used as signs in the Netherlands, with their meanings in Dutch: a b € Ie 4 de telefooncel de krantenkiosk de fietsenstalling d e f de bushalte de restauratie het wisselkantoor Note that different prepositions are used for different words (aan, op, bij, in, and so on): Bij een krantenkiosk kun je At a newspaper stall you can kranten en tijdschriften buy newspapers and kopen. magazines. In een fietsenstalling kun je Ata bicycle shed you can fietsen stallen. ‘park’ your bike. In cen telefooncel kun je Ina telephone box you can bellen. phone. Bij een bushalte kun je de At the bus stop you can take a bus nemen. bus. In de restauratie* kun je iets In the buffet you can have eten en drinken. something to eat and drink. Op het wisselkantoor kun At the bureau de change you je geld wisselen. can change money. *Restauratie is the word used for a buffet at a railway station. In any other situation, the word restaurant would be used. Now look at the pictograms again and ask where each of them is. Phrase each of the questions in two ways following the example: Waar is de fietsenstalling? Waar kan ik mijn fiets stallen? Here are two more common signs: de ingang de uitgang Co Exercise 9 If you have the recording, listen to the announcements (or read the following bullet list) made about departures of trains. For each of the three announcements write down: a the time the train will leave b_ the destination of the train c the platform the train will leave from. © = 5 3 3 3 8 ehunoyes use 4) Bew 4092 | richting destination (lt. direction) herhaling repeat =3 i ea The following is a transcript of what you will hear on the =| recording; make sure you listen to it first without reading the . 3 transcript: $ ~e © De sneltrein richting Den Haag vertrekt om 19.45 van spoor . 5 7A; herhaling: de sneltrein richting Den Haag vertrekt om é 19.45 van spoor 7A. 12.15 van spoor 2B. i 40 herhaling: de intercity richting Arnhem vertrekt om 13.52 van spoor 5. ¢ De stoptrein richting Eindhoven vertrekt om 12.15 van spoor 2B; herhaling: de stoptrein richting Eindhoven vertrekt om De intercity richting Arnhem vertrekt om 13.52 van spoor 5; epeuob SI]UBYPA OyNOdD| use n yoou ZAepijoy solu e aney NOA pip In this unit you will learn + how to talk about events in the * how to describe places + how to talk about the weathervooral especially kunst en cultuur the arts and culture het Stedelijk Museum the City Museum geweest been g G Dialogue Helen and Anne, two good friends, are visiting Amsterdam for the weekend. 95 5 5 = 5 3 a a 8 931N@] use N yooy eyne] ues n yooy 5 5 3 @ i ) A In het hotel: afgelopen finished Anne te ae graag een tweepersoonskamer . pata eee Hotelmanager Hoe lang wilt u blijven? | allemaal geopend: ‘all oper Anne ‘Twee nachten. Hotelmanager Dat kan. Een tweepersoonskamer met douche en inclusief ontbijt kost €60. : At the end of their weekend Helen and Anne check out at the Oo Anne Ja, dat is goed. hotel desk: 8 Hotelmanager Dat is voor u geboekt. Hier heeft u de sleutel. Hotelmanager _Heeft u een leuke vakantie gehad? Anne Heeft u wat informatie over de uitgaans- Helen Ja, heel leuk. We hebben erg veel gedaan en het mogelijkheden in de stad? was erg gezellig. Hotelmanager Ja, ik heb een heleboel informatie. Hier is de Hotelmanager Wat heeft u allemaal gezien? Uitkrant, daar staan de films, concerten en toneel- Helen We zijn gisteren naar het Nationale Ballet geweest stukken in vermeld. Waar bent u in geinte- q in het Muziektheater en we hebben vandaag het resseerd? - Anne Frankhuis bezocht. Helen We zijn vooral geinteresseerd in kunst en cultuur. Hotelmanager _U heeft zeker ook een rondvaart door de grachten Zijn er speciale tentoonstellingen op het moment? gemaakt? Hotelmanager _ Er is net een grote tentoonstelling in het Stedelijk Anne Nee, maar we hebben wel langs de grachten Museum geweest, maar die is nu afgelopen. Het gewandeld. En we hebben op een terrasje lekker Amsterdams Historisch Museum is tijdelijk ge- wat gedronken en zo. sloten, maar de andere musea zijn allemaal Helen Amsterdam is heel erg mooi. geopend. Hotelmanager Vooral in dit mooie weer! U heeft het dus naar uw zin gehad. Prima. tweepersoonskamer double room Anne Ja, het is ons prima bevallen. We komen gauw Hoe lang wilt u blijven? How long do you want to stay? weer terug. de nacht the night het ontbijt the breakfast gehad had geboekt booked gedaan done de sleutel the key erg gezellig very nice (atmosphere) uitgaansmogelijkheden opportunities for going out gezien seen heleboel /ots bezocht visited de Uitkrant free events paper zeker certainly for Amsterdam door de grachten on (lit. through) the canals het toneelstuk the play langs along vermeld mentioned gewandeld walked Waar bent u in geinteresseerd? What are your interests? eenterrasje a terrace de tentoonstelling the exhibition hebben lekker wat gedronken had a nice drink We zijn geinteresseerd in... We are interested in ... enzo and such (things)96 < 5 & 3 = o @ o a a % eyne] use n yooy 80 heelerg mooi very beautiful dit mooie weer this beautiful weather U heeft het dus naaruw —_So you enjoyed yourselves. zin gehad, Het is ons prima bevallen. We really enjoyed it. We komen gauw weer terug. We will come back again soon. Exercise 1 Having made sure you understand the vocabulary and phrases in the dialogue, and having listened carefully to the recording, act out the situation with a partner. There are many interesting museums in Amsterdam. The three most renowned are the Rijksmuseum (National Museum), the Van Gogh Museum and the Stedelijk Museum (City Museum). The Rijksmuseum contains the Netherlands’ most important collection of Paintings and other art objects up to the nineteenth century. The collection of Dutch seventeenth-century masters is particularly famous and includes major paintings by Rembrandt, such as the Nachtwacht (Night Watch). The Van Gogh Museum contains the Van Gogh collection. The Stedelijk Museum is the Amsterdam City Museum and contains an impressive collection of modern art. The Amsterdam Historisch Museum mentioned in the dialogue is an extensive exhibition on the history of the city. 8 Tourist information For more detailed tourist information you can go to the many tourist information offices, het VW. You can book accommodation through them or just pick up information. Many larger cities publish a special monthly bulletin, such as the Uitkrant in Amsterdam, with information about films, theatres, exhibitions and so on. For more general information you can go to the ANWB; they sell maps, booklets, etc. of tourist places in the Netherlands and abroad. They also sell travel insurance and offer advice on travelling arrangements. (They are comparable to the British AA and RAC.) B Stopera Het Muziektheater is the official name of the building where concerts, operas and ballets are performed. It is sometimes also known as Stopera, which stems from the time that the Muziektheater was built. There was a lot of public resistance because the building meant the destruction of the old flea market, het Waterlooplein. The action was called Stop Opera, hence the name Stopera. The flea market was re-established a bit further away and is still referred to as het Waterlooplein, even though it is actually situated at Rapenburgh. How to ... ¢ Bookaroom Ik wil graag een tweepersoons- I should like to book a kamer reserveren. double room. Heeft u een eenpersoonskamer — Have you got a single room vrij? available? Kunnen we een kamer voor Can we book a room for two twee nachten boeken? nights? Wilt u een kamer met bad of Do you want a room with a met een douche? bath or with a shower? * Say you enjoyed yourself We hebben genoten, We have enjoyed ourselves. Het is me prima bevallen. I enjoyed myself. Ik heb het naar mijn zin gehad. _‘I have enjoyed myself. ¢ Say what your interests are Ik ben geinteresseerd in kunst. I am interested in art. Ik ben niet geinteresseerd I am not interested in in kunst. art. Ik ben vooral geinteresseerd I am particularly interested in voetbal. in football. Grammar Talking about the past ‘When you talk about the past in Dutch, you usually use a combination of two verbs: Wij hebben een leuke vakantie We have had a nice holiday. gehad. a 9 5 z 2 s 3 & a 5 ene] ee n yooy 8098 5 g 5 i 5 8x9] Use N yeoy 80 This combination of two verbs is called the present perfect, or simply, perfect tense. Here are some more examples: Ik heb langs de gracht I (have) walked along the canal. gewandeld. Hij is vroeg naar huis gegaan. He went home early. This is the tense that’s used most often when talking about the past. There is another tense which can also be used to talk about the past and this will be discussed in a later unit. The perfect tense consists of a form of the verb hebben or zijn and a special verb form at the end of the sentence. This verb form at the end is called a past participle. The past participle never changes; it always has the same form. The form of hebben or zijn changes depending on who (or what) you’re talking about. Ik heb gewandeld. I have walked. Jij hebt gewandeld. You have walked. U hebt/heeft gewandeld. You have walked. Hij/zij heeft gewandeld. He/she has walked. Wij hebben gewandeld. We have walked. Jullie hebben gewandeld. You have walked. Zij hebben gewandeld. They have walked. The past participle Most verbs in Dutch are regular when it comes to forming their past participle, i.e. there’s a simple rule. This is what you do: 1 Find the stem of the verb (normally just chop off the -en ending of the infinitive). 2. Add ge-at the beginning of the stem. 3 Add atorad at the end of the stem (a t if the last letter of the stem is a letter in the words soft ketchup, otherwise a d). Let’s have a look at the verbs wandelen en werken. Take away the -en ending of both verbs to find the stem: wandel, werk. Now add ge-: gewandel, gewerk. Now add a -t or a -d. The k of werk appears in soft ketchup, so you have to add a -t, but the 1 of wandel doesn’t, so you have to add a -d. This means the two past participles are: gewandeld and gewerkt. Here are some more examples. We’ve listed the infinitive, the stem of the verb and their past participle: infinitive stem past participle praten praat gepraat talk maken maak gemaakt make fietsen fiets gefietst cycle stoppen stop gestopt stop branden brand gebrand burn schilderen schilder geschilderd paint regenen regen geregend rain reizen reis gereisd travel leven leef geleefd live Note that verbs whose stem ends in d or t do not take an extra d or t in the past participle. Note also the verbs reizen and leven. The stem of these verbs ends in s and f, because words in Dutch cannot end in z or v. However, the soft ketchup rule does not apply because the last letter of the verbs before -en are z and v respectively. If you are not quite clear about the spelling rules, refer back to pages xili-xiv. No ge- There is a group of verbs that do not have ge— in the past participle. These are the verbs that have one of the following prefixes: be— bestellen Ik heb wijn besteld. I have ordered wine. her~ herhalen Ik heb het herhaald. I have repeated it. ont- ontmoeten Ik heb hem ontmoet. I have met him. ver- vertellen Ikhebhet verteld. I have told it. er—- erkennen _ Ik heb het erkend. I have recognized/ admitted it. ge- geloven Ik heb hem nooit I have never geloofd. believed him. Not so regular Even though the majority of verbs follow the rules as set out earlier, a small group of verbs that are used very frequently is irregular, which means these rules do not apply. The main difference is that they do not use the stem of the verb to form their past participle. The simplest thing to do is to learn these irregular epeyeB onueyer g 2N@] use Nn yeoy 88 5 a i 5 3 3 5 eyn9| use n yooy 80 forms off by heart. You will find a table at the end of the book, but to help you on your way, some of the most frequent ones follow. The most important irregular verbs to learn are hebben and zijn: zijn ik ben geweest I have been hebben ik heb gehad I have had Here are some more irregular verbs: kopen ik heb gekocht I have bought brengen ik heb gebracht I have brought beginnen _ ik ben begonnen I have started komen ik ben thuis gekomen I have come home doen ik heb veel gedaan I have done a lot blijven ik ben thuis gebleven I have stayed at home Hebben or zijn Most regular verbs use hebben in the perfect tense. Even many irregular verbs use hebben: Jij hebt een mooie tekening You have drawn a nice gemaakt. picture. Wij hebben een tijdje gepraat. We have talked for a while. We hebben veel gedaan. We have done a lot. A small number of irregular verbs use zijn in the perfect tense and those verbs normally indicate a change of place or state: Ik ben met mijn werk I have started my work. begonnen. (change of state) Hij is met de trein gekomen. He has come by train. (change of place) Wij zijn verhuisd. We have moved home. However: Ik ben thuis gebleven. I have stayed at home. Ik ben de hele dag op mijn I have been at work all day. werk geweest. Neither verb indicates a change, yet they form their perfect tense with zijn. Here follows a list of the most common verbs that use zijn in the perfect tense: zijn (geweest) to be blijven (gebleven) to stay komen (gekomen) to come gaan (gegaan) to go beginnen (begonnen) to begin stoppen (gestopt) to stop vertrekken (vertrokken) to leave verhuizen (verhuisd) to move house vallen (gevallen) to fall worden (geworden) to become trouwen (getrouwd) to marry scheiden (gescheiden) to divorce geboren worden (geboren geworden) to be born sterven (gestorven) to die Verbs of motion There is also a group of verbs that sometimes uses hebben and sometimes zijn in the perfect tense, These verbs indicate motion of some sort. Zijn is used when there is an indication of direction or destination. Hebben is used when there is no direction and the emphasis is more on the movement: ° Rijden Wij zijn naar Amsterdam = We drove to Amsterdam. gereden. We hebben daar wat We drove around there (a bit). rondgereden. © Wandelen Ik ben naar het park I walked to the park. gewandeld, Ik heb daar een uur I have been walking there gewandeld. for an hour. © Lopen De oude man is tot het The old man walked to the bankje gelopen. bench. Daarna heeft hij in het park After that he walked in the gelopen. park. ° Viiegen ‘We zijn naar Athene gevlogen. We flew to Athens. Ik heb nog nooit gevlogen. I have never flown. = 9}1N9| Uee N yooy 5 i é 3 g 80dS 5 e z % 8 9}1N@] ee N Yyooy 80 Ik ben naar Amsterdam gefietst Ik heb gefietst e Rennen Ik ben naar huis gerend. I ran home. Ik heb veel gerend vandaag. I have run a lot today. ¢ Fietsen Ik ben de stad in gefietst. I cycled into town, Ik heb langzaam gefietst. I cycled slowly. This may seem like an awful lot to remember about the present perfect but don’t worry, take your time. There are only three main points to remember: 1 There is a large group of regular verbs, which make their past participle as follows: ge + stem + t/d. Add a -t when the last letter of the stem appears in soft ketchup, otherwise, a -d. 2 There is a much smaller group of irregular verbs most of which you will learn quickly. They are used frequently. 3 Most verbs use hebben to form the perfect tense, but a smaller group uses zijn. These verbs tell you about changing where you are or what you are doing. GC Exercise 2 You are back at work after a short holiday. Your colleague asks you about it. Use the recording for the dialogue with your colleague. This is the information you should use in your answers: You’ve been in Amsterdam, you have enjoyed yourself. You have been to the Rijksmuseum and you have seen a play. You confirm again that you have enjoyed yourself. (Remember that there are several ways of saying that you have enjoyed yourself.) Colleague Hallo, heb je een leuke vakantie gehad? You Colleague Waar ben je geweest? You Colleague Wat heb je allemaal gedaan? You Colleague Dus je hebt het wel naar je zin gehad? You Exercise 3 Fill in the gaps and make the perfect tense by using the appropriate form of hebben or zijn and the past participle of the verb given between brackets. Refer to the verb list at the back of the book if you get stuck, a Ik_____ gisteren naar de markt . (zijn) b We_____ daar groente en fruit . (kopen) c Daarna we een eind . (fietsen) d We tot het strand . (fietsen) e We ’s avonds naar een restaurant ~ (gaan) f Jullie veel en . (eten/drinken) g We een leuk hotel vlakbij het strand . (boeken) h Het was zo leuk, daar we het wel mee . (treffen) i Helen erg veel boeken . (lezen) j We____uren . (praten) k De kinderen_____gisteren naar school . (rennen) 1 Ze____hard__. (rennen) m u dat al aan de kinderen ? (vertellen) n We de lerares voor het eerst . (ontmoeten) o Ik het mijn ouders . (beloven) p Zij___ veel . (reizen) q je ook Nederlands. ? (studeren)104 delerares the female teacher studeren to study mijn ouders my parents beloven to promise Exercise 4 Look at the pictures with captions. Make up questions in the perfect tense. The first word(s) are given in a to f. epeyes onueyen 9yN9] Use nN yooy voorbeeld: De koningin opent de Oosterscheldedam in 1986. Wanneer heeft de koningin de Oosterscheldedam geopend? 80 a Beatrix en Claus trouwen c Piet Blom bouwt paalwoningen in 1966 f b Rietveld maakt Rietveldstoel d Nederland wordt Europees kampioen in 1988 e Rembrandt schildert de f Amsterdammer kust koningin Nachtwacht in 1642 Beatrix a Wanneer_ ? b Wie ? c Wie ? d Wanneer ? e Wanneer_? f Wie ? de koningin the queen bouwen = to build de paalwoning cube-shaped house on concrete pillars schilderen to paint kussen to kiss D Exercise 5 Read the following sentences and make up a similar account in the perfect tense using the situations given: voorbeeld: Ik ben naar Belgié geweest. Ik heb in Brugge het Minnewater bezocht. Ik heb veel oude gebouwen gezien. We hebben ook wat kant gekocht. Ik heb lekkere wafels gegeten. bezocht visited wafels waffles de kant the lace 8 @yne] use n yooy 3 3 3 g 808 ena] use N yooy 5 5 3 : § 80 a Frankrijk / Parijs, de Eiffeltoren / de Seine / wijn / stokbrood en Franse kaas (French bread and French cheese) b_ Italié / Florence, de kathedraal / oude kerken en schilde- rijen / souvenirs / pizza c Amerika / New York, de Empire State Building / moderne architectuur / een t-shirt / bagels ® Het weer One of the most important aspects of anyone's holiday is the weather. And because the weather in the Netherlands and Flanders is so changeable, it is a good idea to learn how to talk about it, so you keep up to date! First some vocabulary. het is koud het is warm het is zacht Het is lekker (weer). Hoeveel graden is het vandaag? Het is 15 graden het regent het sneeuwt het vriest het waait de zon schijnt het onweert it’s cold it's warm it’s mild It’s nice (weather). What's the temperature today? It is 15 degrees. it is raining it is snowing it's freezing it's windy the sun is out there’s a thunderstorm Exercise 6 Look outside the window and answer this question: Wat voor weer is het vandaag? What's the weather like today? Now study the following newspaper forecast and get the gist of it by using the vocabulary given. HET WEER de bewolking heavy cloud afentoe regen rainy periods enkele opklaringen some bright intervals matig moderate/moderately toenemende zuidwestelijke increasing southwesterly wind wind de regenbui the shower (rain) de temperatuur the temperature ongeveer approximately To know what the weather is going to be like on a particular day, you need to know the days of the week, of course. Here they are: = 07 épeyab anueyen yng] use Nn yeoy 80 zondag Sunday donderdag Thursday maandag Monday vrijdag Friday dinsdag Tuesday zaterdag Saturday woensdag Wednesday Look how you say the following: zondagmorgen Sunday morning donderdagmiddag Thursday afternoon vrijdagavond Friday evening woensdagnacht Wednesday night Exercise 7 Read the following weather forecast and find out what the weather will be like this morning, this afternoon and this evening. De weersverwachting voor vandaag Vanochtend is er bewolking. Vanmiddag zullen er enkele opklaringen zijn. Vanavond zal de wind toenemen. Vannacht zal het gaan regenen. Today’s weather forecast VERWACHTING TOT VANAVOND: Veel bewolking en in de ochtend af en toe regen. 's Middags enkele opkiaringen. Middagtemperatuur ongeveer 2 graden. Tot matig toenemende zuidwestelijke wind, kracht 3 a 4. VRIJDAG T/M MAANDAG: Af en toe zon. Ook een enkele regen- of onweersbui. Vrij zacht met een middagtemperatuur van ongeveer 16 graden. Uitgebreid weeroverzicht op pagina 24 vandaag today vanochtend/vanmorgen this morning vanmiddag __ this afternoon vanavond this evening toenemen fo increase vannacht tonight& < 5 5 z 3 e $ 3 8 @1N9] Use N yooy 80 Exercise 8 Look at the weather map and answer the following questions. menose Regent het in Nederland? Wat voor weer is het in Athene? Is het koud in Lissabon? Vriest het in Londen? Hoeveel graden is het in Stockholm? Wat is op de weerkaart de warmste plaats in Europa? of JOOA UsWISO/q qey >I NOA JO} SJOMO} JUBNOIG 8A, | }4yoe1Gqebeow In this unit you will learn * how to arrange to meet people + how to invite people for dinner + how to talk about dinner * how to say what you want + how to say what you prefer= = o j 5 8 = 400A UaWeO)q Gey >! 60 G Dialogue Helen and Paul want to invite Jolande and Eelco for dinner. Helen is on the phone to Eelco: Eelco Met Eelco. Helen Hoi, Eelco met Helen. Eelco 6, Helen. Hoe gaat 't? Helen Prima, luister. We willen jullie graag een keer uitnodigen om bij ons te komen eten. Jullie hebben zoveel voor ons gedaan sinds we hiernaartoe verhuisd zijn. Hebben jullie zin om zaterdagavond te komen? Eelco Dan kunnen we helaas niet. We moeten ap visite bij de ouders van Jolande. Helen Volgende week zaterdag misschien? Eelco Ja, dat is wat ons betreft prima. Helen Goed. Jullie zijn toch geen vegetariérs, he? Eelco Nee, niet meer. We eten allebei gewoon viees. Zaterdagavond: Helen Hoi, kom binnen. Geef je jas maar, ik hang hem wel op. Jolande Hier, ik heb bloemen voor je meegebracht. Helen Wat leuk. Ze zijn prachtig, dank je wel. Ga maar vast naar binnen, Paul staat nog even in de keuken. Eelco Jullie hebben het gezellig gemaakt, zeg. Helen Dank je. Het ziet er al veel beter uit dan een paar weken geleden, hé? Jolande Ja. En al die kaarsen maken het ook gezellig. Helen Willen jullie eerst iets drinken? Wijn, pils of heb je liever iets sterkers? Eelco Voor mij een pilsje, graag. Jolande Voor mij een rode wijn alsjeblieft. Tijdens de maaltijd: Paul Wil je nog meer ketjap? Eelco Nee, dank je. Ik heb liever de satésaus. Helen Ja, ik vind de satésaus ook heerlijk. Eelco Een beetje zoet, dat is lekker bij deze pittige gerechten. Jolande Het is heerlijk, Paul. Maar zoveel werk om alles klaar te maken! Paul Ach, dat valt wel mee. Ik heb een Indonesisch recept uitgeprobeerd. Ik kan het je straks meegeven als je wilt. Wil je nog meer? Er is genoeg, hoor. Eelco Nee, dank je. Ik heb genoeg gehad. Ik zit vol. Jolande 1 Ik ook. Het was echt zalig, maar ik kan niks meer op. | een keer . uitnodigen 1 zoveel sinds { dat is wat ons betreft prima ? vegetariér geef (geven) ; de bloem meegebracht (meebrengen) | Ga maar vast naar binnen. gezellig de kaars de pils iets sterkers tijdens de maaltijd de ketjap de satésaus 3 zoet pittig het gerecht heerlijk klaarmaken ach dat valt wel mee Indonesisch het recept uitgeprobeerd (uitproberen) straks ik zit vol zalig Ik kan niks meer op. some time to invite so many, so much since (as far as we're concerned) that's fine vegetarian to give the flower brought (with) (to bring (with)) Go right on in. cozy the candle lager something stronger during the meal Soy sauce peanut sauce sweet spicy, hot dish lovely to prepare oh, well it isn't so bad Indonesian the recipe tried out (to try something out) later, in a minute tam full delicious | can't eat any more. (lit. nothing more) Exercise 1 Go through the dialogue carefully, listening to the recording as often as possible, and then act out the situation with a partner. = - 400A UBWad|q qoy 4}! = os 3 : o & 60= = Nn i 3 i & Joon uewe0|q Gey # 60 Oo Etentjes In the Netherlands it is common to take flowers to the host/hostess, though it is not necessary. Candles are frequently used in the Netherlands for dinner parties. Basking for things The language throughout the dialogue is quite direct. The Dutch do not beat about the bush when inviting people and asking for things. They normally use the simple phrase wilt u/wil jij where the English would say: would you like ... Similarly people ask kun je me de ketjap even geven? OB Gezellig This is a word very peculiar to Dutch and cannot be easily translated. It relates to atmosphere, enjoying yourself, being with people, being comfortable and so on. Oo Ketjap Note that ketjap is not the same as ketchup. Ketjap is the Indonesian name for a kind of soy sauce. The Dutch eat a lot of Indonesian food and many names of these particular snacks and ingredients have become part of the Dutch language. Note that the word for ketchup is the same in Dutch: tomatenketchup. How to... © Invite someone Heb je zin om morgen Do you fancy coming te komen? tomorrow? Kom je morgen bij ons eten? Would you like to come to dinner tomorrow? ¢ Ask for things Kun je me het zout even geven? Mag ik de ketjap even? Could you pass me the salt? Can I have the soy sauce, please? ¢ State preference ‘Wil je rode wijn of heb je Would you like red wine or liever pils? would you prefer lager? Ik heb liever pils. / Liever pils. I prefer lager. ¢ Say that you are a vegetarian Ik ben vegetariér. I am a vegetarian. Wij eten liever vegetarisch. We prefer to eat vegetarian food. Note that vegetariér is the person and vegetarisch is the word describing the food. Exercise 2 Complete the dialogues using the phrases i-vii. — Hier zijn wat bloemen voor je. a i Ikheb liever sinaasappelsap. b ii Wil je nog wat eten? — Ja, lekker. c iii Wil je wijn of een — Heb je iets sterkers? pilsje? d iv Ze zijn mooi. — Nee, ik heb genoeg gehad. — Wil je een glas wijn? e v_ Ja, leuk. f — Heb je zin om te komen? vi Kun je morgenavond? g—-_ vii Wil je iets drinken? — Dat is wat mij betreft prima. Grammar Om + te + infinitive You have seen the combination of certain verbs with te plus an infinitive in unit 07: Ik probeer te komen. U hoeft niet te wachten. The construction om + te + infinitive is something different and is used to express a purpose. It could be translated as in order to (although often you would simply translate it as to). = = oa ; a i 400A UBWA0]q Gey >! 60Hem, haar (him, her) Words like him and her are called object pronouns. You'll find the Dutch object pronouns in the table that follows. As with the subject pronouns (see unit 04), there is a stressed and an unstressed version. Normally the unstressed version is used, particularly when speaking. The stressed version is used where in Ik ga naar de supermarkt om boodschappen te doen. I'm going to the supermarket (in order) to do the shopping Zoveel werk om alles klaar te maken. So much work to prepare everything. The phrase zin hebben om + te + infinitive expresses an action, to _ - > a a. | | 4O0A UaUIEd}q GeU > 400A UOWUE0/q G84 >! feel like doing something: | | q English you’d change your intonation (underlined in the Ik heb zin om naar huis I feel like going home. following example): te gaan. » . < Hebben jullie zin om Do you feel like coming (over) } Johanna’s two young children both want her attention. zaterdag te komen? on Saturday? Jos Mam, kun je me helpen? Mumm, can you help me? 3 You will also come across the phrase zin hebben in, which means Bram Mam, kun je mij helpen? Mum, can you help me? 3 to feel like having something (to eat/drink): Stressed Unstressed Stressed Unstressed Ik heb zin in koffie. I feel like a coffee. ini fie me ons _ us CB eExercise 3 , jou je you jullie je you Make the two sentences into one, using om + te + infinitive. f a Bu formal) a pone voorbeeld: Ik ga naar de winkel. Ik koop bloemen. i hem (’m) him hen/hun ze them (people) Ik ga naar de winkel om bloemen te kopen. haar (d’r) her ze _— them (things) a_ Ik koop kaartjes. Tk ga naar de opera. , het (t) it b Jan fietst hard. Hij is op tijd thuis. c Ik wil naar de winkel. Ik koop een fles wijn. . d Anneke koopt een krant. Ze leest hem. NB The unstressed forms in brackets are not usually used when e We gaan naar het We kopen postzegels. writing. postkantoor. Ww inf . ? voorbeelden: f We gaan naar het VVV. /e vragen informatie. Kain je mehinif de aijee Cam you hand me the rice? postzegel aangeven? see ae “e be see Ik heb jou/je eerder gezien. [have seen you before somewhere. Ik versta u niet. I can’t hear you. Ik geef ’m/hem het boek. I give the book to him. Ik kan d’r/haar zien. I can see her. Grammar 2 Kom je bij ons eten? Would you like to come over lets and niets + s . for dinner? ' i . . Ik heb dit voor jullie I prepared this for you. When an adjective (a word that describes something) comes klaargemaakt. after iets or niets, it needs an extra -s at the end. Ik heb hen/hun/ze ook I have invited them as well. iets sterkers something stronger uitgenodigd. niets nieuws nothing new Note that the place of the object pronoun in the sentence is iets lekkers something tasty normally as close as possible to the main verb. niets moois nothing beautiful Hen and hun are nowadays interchangeable; most Dutch speakers themselves don’t know the difference and use ze as often as possible, This is probably the easiest thing to do for you as well.3 ‘ i 2 4OOA UOWE0|q GoY >! 60 One important thing to remember is that object pronouns in Dutch are also used to refer to things. In unit 04 you saw that hij and het are used to refer to objects. The object pronouns hem, het and ze are used in the same way: Heb je de krant gelezen? Nee, ik heb hem niet gelezen. Heb je het boek gelezen? Nee, ik heb het niet gelezen. Ze is used for objects in the plural: Heb je mijn boeken gezien? Nee, ik heb ze niet gezien. Hem is used for de words: Het is used for het words: Hem and ze can also be used to refer to people, whereas het is used only to refer to objects. Exercise 4 Fill in the object pronoun for the person in brackets. Wat (hij) betreft hoef je niet te komen. Voor (ik) een pilsje graag. Ik heb het geld aan (zij, plural) gegeven. Ik heb —— (zij) niet gezien. Ga je met —— (hij) naar de opera? Ik geloof (jij) niet. Mijn ouders wonen naast —— (wij). We komen bij (jullie) eten. Heb je (de boeken) weggezet? Heb je —— (mijn kinderen) gezien? Heb jij —— (de bloemen) meegebracht? Tk vind —— (de jurk) mooi. =—K— = rag ne oo oP wegzetten fo put away Grammar Commands and encouragements In unit 01 you saw that you can tell people what to do, i.e. give. commands, by using the verb: Kom binnen. Come inside. Hang je jas op. Hang up your coat. Blijf hier. Stay here. Eet je bord leeg. Eat up your food. (lit. empty your plate) Ga zitten. Sit down. This form can be used regardless of whether you are talking to one person or more. However, to be very polite, you could add u to the sentence: Komt u binnen. Gaat u zitten. An impersonal command can be given by using the infinitive: Niet roken. Don’t smoke. And in a recipe: Cut the meat into small chunks. A command can be changed into an encouragement by adding maar. This is done very frequently in Dutch: Kom maar binnen. Geef je jas maar. Vlees in stukjes snijden. Do come inside. Do give me your coat. Ga maar zitten. Do sit down, Eet maar op. Do eat. Blijf maar hier. Do stay here. Neem maar hoor. Do take (it). Exercise 5 Put the dialogue in the right order to fit the pictures. Ze zijn schitterend, dank je wel. Wat gezellig is het hier. Prima. Ga maar vast naar binnen. Hoe gaat het? Ik heb wat bloemen voor je meegebracht. Ja, lekker. Ga maar zitten. Heb je zin in koffie? Geef je jas maar. Ik hang hem wel op. Hallo, kom binnen. ‘When you have completed the dialogue check your version with that in the key. If you have the recording you could listen to it, too. “om neon oD = qq 4OOA UaWE0|q Gey >! 60= = a qyoesqeBeow of 4OOA UEWIE0]q Gay y! oS Oo Grammar Separable verbs In unit 08 you met verbs with the prefixes be-, het-, ont-, ver, er— and ge-. These prefixes are fixed which means they cannot be separated from the verb. However, in Dutch, there are also verbs with prefixes that can be separated. These prefixes normally extend the meaning of the verb. Often these verbs are made up of a preposition (words like out, in, by in English) and a verb. Their meaning in combination is usually obvious: op (up) + bellen (ring, phone) = opbellen ring up op + hangen ophangen hang up binnen (into) + komen = binnenkomen fo enter Here are some more examples: meebrengen bring (along) afwassen wash up aansteken light weggaan go (away) uitproberen try (out) nadenken (over) think/reflect on opeten eat (up) wegzetten put away Sometimes the extended meaning is less clear: uit (owt) + nodigen (invite) = uitnodigen invite af + spreken (talk) = afspreken arrange Sometimes the prefix is an adverb or adjective in combination with a verb: klaar (ready) + maken = klaarmaken prepare schoon (clean) + maken = schoonmaken to clean The reason these verbs-are called separable is that the prefix is sometimes separated from the main verb. How and when to separate them a If the separable verb is the main verb (i.e. if it needs to change its form depending on what the sentence is about) the two parts will split and the prefix will go to the end of the sentence: Ik bel Saskia op. I'll ring Saskia. Bel me morgen even op. Ring me tomorrow. Ik hang je jas even op. T'll hang up your coat. Hang je jas maar op. Hang up your coat. Ik breng bloemen voor je mee. I'll bring flowers for you. Breng je bloemen voor me mee? Will you bring flowers for me? = o | 4OOA UBWE0!q Gey >} 608 s 2 8 3 cg 3 8 z 4JOOA UEWEOIG Gey >! 60 b When using the infinitive of the separable yerb, for instance when used in combination with a modal verb, the two parts are together: Ik wil je uitnodigen. I want to invite you. Ik moet nu weggaan. I have to go now. Wij zullen afwassen. We will do the dishes. Ik zal een nieuw I will try a new recipe. recept uitproberen. c¢ As you have seen in unit 07 the infinitive is sometimes used with te. When this construction is used with a separable verb then the two parts of the verb are split with te in between: Ik heb geprobeerd om je I've tried to phone you. op te bellen. Je hoeft het niet op te eten. You don’t have to eat it. d The perfect tense, as you know, is formed by a form of hebben or zijn and a past participle. The past participle comes at the end of the sentence. The past participle is formed of a separable verb with ge- in between the prefix and the original verb: Ik heb mijn jas opgehangen. I hung up my coat. Wij hebben voor jullie We've done the dishes for you. afgewassen. We zijn gisteren weggegaan. We went away yesterday. Exercise 6 Fill in the correct form and separate the verbs where appropriate. Each gap stands for part of the separable verb. examples: Jaap en Hester hebben ons . (uitnodigen) Jaap en Hester hebben ons uitgenodigd. Ze Renée en Jeroen ook . (uitnodigen) Ze nodigen Renée en Jeroen ook uit. a We . (binnenkomen) b Het ziet er gezellig uit. Jaap heeft de kaarsen__- (aansteken) c We onze jassen aan de kapstok . (ophangen) d_ Ik heb een vriendin . (meebrengen) e We zullen weer vroeg moeten . (weggaan) f Waarom is ze Zo vroeg . (weggaan) g Ik moet er nog over ? (nadenken) h_ Ik heb geen zin om te . (nadenken) i Heb je de boeken al ? (wegzetten) de kapstok the halistand vroeg early waarom why jsed oy} Ul JOBOOUA In this unit you will learn « how to talk about times of the day, week, year « how to describe events from the past » how to talk about things you used to do© Dialogue Imran and Else have both recently moved to the Netherlands and are having Dutch lessons with a group of other foreigners. They go for a drink after one of their lessons: Imran Else Imran Else Imran Else Imran Else imran Else Hoe lang woon je al in Nederland? O, nog maar twee maanden. Niet zo lang dus! En daarvoor? Ik kom uit Duitsland, maar ik heb hiervoor twee jaar in Engeland gewoond. Beviel dat? Jazeker. Ik vond het heerlijk. Ik woonde in een groot huis op het platteland. De tuin die we hadden, was enorm. Ik vond mijn baan ook heel interessant. Ik moest wel elke dag anderhalf uur naar Londen reizen, maar dat vond ik niet erg. Waarom ben je nu dan toch naar Nederland verhuisd? Dat moest vanwege mijn werk. De baan die ik in Engeland had, was maar voor twee jaar. Dat wist ik. En het bedrijf bood me mijn huidige baan in Nederland aan. Woon jij al lang in Nederland? lets langer dan jij, zo’n zes maanden. En daarvoor? Daarvoor heb ik een tijd in New York gewoond. Ik had daar wel een leuke baan, maar New York beviel me eigenlijk niet zo. Het appartement dat ik had, was erg klein. En ik moest evengoed nog drie kwartier reizen naar m’n werk elke ochtend. Ik vond New York ook te druk en te duur. Wat voor baan had je? Ik ben financieel analist. Ik werkte in New York bij dezelfde bank als nu, alleen werk ik nu aan een ander project, over electronisch betalingsverkeer in de EU. interessant. Wat vind je van de Nederlandse lessen? Vind je het moeilijk? Nee, niet echt. Alleen vond ik de onderwerpen die we vanavond hebben besproken niet makkelijk. Snapte jij alles? Nee, ik vond het ook niet makkelijk. Vooral de oefeningen die we moesten maken, waren moeilijk. Ik moet m'n aantekeningen nog maar eens doorlezen. Wil je nog iets drinken? . nog maar daarvoor | hiervoor | Beviei dat? heerlijk op het platteland | enorm | de baan elke dag reizen Dat vond ik niet erg. Waarom ben je nu dan toch | naar Nederland verhuisd? vanwege mijn werk | maar voor twee jaar dat wist ik het bedrijf bood me mijn huidige baan aan lets langer een beviel me eigeniijk niet zo evengoed kwartier te druk te duur wat voor baan financieel analist Snapte jij alles? vooral m’n aantekeningen nog maar eens dooriezen Exercise 1 only before that before this Did you like that? wonderful in the country enormous I didn't mind. Why then did you (now) move to the Netherlands anyway? because of (my) work only for two years | knew that company offered me my present job a little longer a (long) while | didn’t really like it anyway quarter of an hour too busy too expensive what kind of job financial analyst the same electronic payment traffic not really topics/subjects which we discussed Did you understand everything? especially my notes read through again Make sure you understand the various words and phrases in the dialogue, Listen carefully to the recording, trying to copy the pronunciation as closely as possible. Then act out the situation with a partner. 123 426e0i0124 4060010 times of day In the dialogue, Imran says he had to travel to work elke ochtend. We have already seen that ochtend means moming. Let's recap the other times of the day: de ochtend morning de morgen morning de middag afternoon de avond evening de nacht night With only minor changes, these rather abstract words for the times of day can be used to talk about more specific moments. Bij adding van— in front of each word, like vanochtend, you are referring not to the morning, afternoon, evening, night in general, but only to this morning, this afternoon, evening and night, i.e. you're talking only about today: vanochtend this morning vanmorgen this morning vanmiddag this afternoon vanavond this evening vannacht tonight Contrariwise, by adding 's at the beginning and an -s at the end, you can talk about times of day in general, ’s morgens means in the moming in general: ’s ochtends in the morning ’s morgens in the morning ’s middags in the afternoon ’s avonds in the evening ’s nachts at night The ’s is written separate from the main word. This is because it used to be a complete word (des, meaning of the or in the) in itself: Some examples: Ik ga ’s ochtens altijd I always go swimming in the zwemmen. morning. Vanmiddag ga ik naar This afternoon, I’m going to mijn ouders. my parents. ’s Avonds werk ik nooit! I never work in the evenings! Note that ’s is never a capital. At the start of sentences it's the letter immediately following it which is capitalized. oO Monday morning If you want to refer to a specific day, you simply combine the time of day with the word for the day itself: maandagochtend Monday morning woensdagmiddag Wednesday afternoon vrijdagavond Friday evening @B Today, tomorrow, yesterday Some other specific days: vandaag today morgen tomorrow overmorgen the day after tomorrow gister(en) yesterday eergister(en) the day before yesterday aanstaande ... next... The (en) at the end of gister and eergister is optional: Heb jij gisteren niet gewerkt? Didn't you (go to) work yesterday? Aanstaande woensdag ga I’m going out for dinner ik uit eten. next Wednesday. a Next week or last week? Referring to next week or last week is easy, too: volgende week next week vorige week last week verleden week last week Hij is vorige week op He went on holiday last week. vakantie gegaan. Ze komen volgende week — They're coming back Tuesday dinsdag terug. of next week. @ De maanden van het jaar months of the year januari mei september februari juni oktober maart juli november april augustus december Note that the days of the week and the months do not start with capital letters.seBeoun Oo De seizoenen the seasons de winter winter de lente spring het voorjaar spring de zomer summer de herfst autumn het najaar autumn Note that 's and s can be added to winter and zomer to talk about in winter and in summer in general: °s Winters schaatst iedereen In winter everyone in the in Nederland. Netherlands goes ice-skating. ’s Zomers is fietsen heel In summer, cycling is very populair. popular. Go Exercise 2 Times of day. Use the information provided to answer the questions. Start with the time of day. example: Wanneer heb je dat gedaan? (gisteren) answer: Gisteren heb ik dat gedaan. a Wanneer kom je thuis? (vanavond) b Wanneer ga je naar Brussel? (overmorgen) c Wanneer verhuis je? (in het ‘najaar) d Wanner wil je op de koffie komen? (vanmiddag) e Wanneer zwem je? (’s ochtends) f Wanneer moet je examen doen? (in mei) Grammar Present and past ‘Talking about the present, as we’ve seen, is done with verbs in the present tense. However, the present tense can also be used to talk about things or events which started in the past and continue in the present. English uses the present perfect tense for such situations (e.g. I have lived in Amsterdam for 3 years, i.e. you're still living there). In Dutch you must use the present tense in combination with al (lit. already) or pas (lit. ortly). Ik woon al drie jaar I’ve lived/been living in in Amsterdam. Amsterdam for three years. Hij woont pas twee maanden He’s omily lived/been (living) in Amsterdam. in Amsterdam for two months. Al indicates that you think a particular time span is long and pas indicates that you think it isn’t. In questions about events which started in the past but continue in the present you will come across al too: Hoelang woon je al in Maastricht? How long have you been (living) in Maastricht? In addition, there are a few other words which can be used with the present tense in these cases too, like nog maar only, sinds since and nu now: Ik woon nog maar een maand I’ve only been (living) in the in Nederland. Netherlands for a month. Dus u woont hier sinds So you've lived/been (living) vorig jaar? here since last year? Zij wonen nu een maand hier. They’ve now been (living) here for a month. CG Exercise 3 Answer the following questions. example: Hoelang woon je al in Den Haag? (2 jaar; you think it’s a long time) answer: Ik woon al twee jaar in Den Haag. a Hoelang leer je al Nederlands? (4 months; you don’t think it’s a long time) b Hoelang werk je al bij dat bedrijf? (5 years; you think that’s a long time) c Hoelang heb je al vrij? (een week; you think that’s a long time) d_ Hoelang zijn jullie al getrouwd? (married) (3 years; you don’t think that’s a long time) e Hoelang schrijf je al poézie? (poetry) (20 years; you think that’s a long time) f Hoelang heb je je zus al niet gezien? (8 months; you think that’s a long time) g Hoelang zijn jullie kinderen al op vakantie? (1% weeks; you don’t think that’s a long time) h Hoelang sta je hier al te wachten? (10 minutes; you don’t think that’s a long time)40Be0in Grammar Perfect/imperfect In unit 08 we saw that you generally talk about the past using the present perfect tense: Ik heb twee jaar in Den Bosch gewoond. Unlike the structure with present tense + al/pas, the present perfect is used for events which started in the past and have already finished; they no longer continue into the present. In other words, in the example you’ve moved out of Den Bosch. I lived in Den Bosch for two years. There is, however, another tense which is used to talk about the past, known as the imperfect. The imperfect consists of only one verb form: the stem of the verb + -de(n) or -te(n). You add -te or -ten if the last letter of the stem appears in the words soft ketchup. Otherwise you add de or —den. The -n is added for plural forms. For example: infinitive stem imperfect imperfect (singular) (plural) werken work werk werkte werkten wonen live woon woonde woonden You will find double -t- and double -d~ with verbs whose stem ends in a -t or a —d: praten talk praat _—praatte praatten redden save red redde redden ‘And if the stem ends in an -s or -f but the infinitives have a -2- or -v- then the imperfect takes —de(n) even though the -s or -fof the stem appears in soft ketchup: reizen travel _reis reisde reisden leven live leef leefde leefden Separable verbs act the same in the imperfect as they do in the present, the prefix simply moves to the end: uitgaan to go out Ik ging vroeger erg vaak uit. I used to go outa lot. Of course, there are also irregular forms. Here are the most important ones (with the ending for the plural given in brackets, or the two forms separated by a comma): infinitive imperfect hebben have had(den) zijn be was, waren gaan go ging(en) doen do deed, deden brengen bring bracht(en) kopen buy kocht(en) geven give gaf, gaven komen come kwam(en) zitten sit zat(en) vinden find vond(en) moeten must/bave to moest(en) kunnen can/be able to kon(den) willen want wilde(en) mogen may/be allowed mocht(en) When to use the imperfect The imperfect is used when you give extra information about events in the past, after you have already introduced whatever topic you are talking about with the present perfect: Ik heb twee jaar in Den Bosch gewoond. Ik woonde daar in een groot huis. I lived in Den Bosch for two years. I lived in a large house there. This is exactly what Else and Imran do in the dialogue at the beginning of this unit. First, Else starts talking bout the past — her time in England — in the present perfect: Ik heb hiervoor twee jaar Before this, I lived in England in Engeland gewoond. for two years. Ik vond het heerlijk. Ik woonde in een groot huis op het platteland. De tuin die we hadden, was enorm. Ik vond mijn baan ook heel interessant. Ik moest wel elke dag anderhalf uur naar Londen reizen, maar dat vond ik niet erg. I loved it. I lived in a big house in the country. The garden we had was enormous. | also thought my job was really interesting. I did have to travel to London for an hour and a half each day, but I didn’t mind. Even after Imran asks why she moved to the Netherlands, she continues in the imperfect, since she is still talking about the same Situation: Dat moest vanwege mijn werk. De baan die ik in Engeland had, was maar voor twee jaar. Dat wist ik. En het bedrijfbood me mijn huidige baan in Nederland aan. Thad to because of my work. The job I had in England was only for two years. I knew that. And the company offered me my present job in the Netherlands. If you look at what Imran says about his past, you’ll see that he uses the present perfect and imperfect in exactly the same way. The imperfect gives you a sense of drama, of actually experiencing what is being said, seeing it for yourself, as if it’s being brought alive. This is not the case with the present perfect, which creates a sense of distance, as if you’re looking at the past from a long way off. There is a second use of the imperfect, besides giving extra information about a situation. The imperfect is also used to describe things or events that took place regularly in the past. So, for instance, if you’re talking about your school days a long time ago — an activity that was typically a regularity - you would have to do so in the imperfect: Ik zat op een leuke school. —_I went to a nice school. We hadden woensdagmiddag We had Wednesday afternoon vrij. off. Some other examples of this use of the imperfect: Ik speelde vroeger veel buiten. I used to play outside a lot (in the past). Mijn broertje huilde vaak. — My little brother cried a lot. CG Exercise 4 : You're describing what the following people did in 1980. Fill in the correct form of the verb. Use the imperfect throughout. example: Joan (werken) op een bank. answer: Joan werkte op een bank. Jolanda (doen) een cursus caligrafie. Geert en Hanifa (wonen) nog samen in dat appartementje in Rotterdam. c Masima (geven) les op een middelbare school. (Masima taught in a secondary school) d_ Ik (gaan) vaak naar concerten en het theater. e Hanneke (zitten) een jaar lang voor haar studie in het buitenland. (abroad) f Eelkert (werken) meestal niet. op CO Exercise 5 Ik heb 5 jaar in Frankrijk gewoond. Nick lived in France for 5 years. Use the information given to describe his life there. example: in een groot huis wonen answer: Hij woonde in een groot huis. een grote tuin hebben als ontwerper werken (zvork as a designer) vaak uitgaan veel vrienden maken veel geld verdienen (earn a lot of money) weinig vakantie krijgen in restaurants eten veel Frans spreken reno me oe Grammar Dit is/dat is Dit is ... this is ... and dat is ... that is ... are useful phrases to describe people, objects or ideas. They work pretty much the same as in English, except that it’s important to remember that - for once — you don’t have to worry about de words or het words. Whatever you’re talking about, you can always use dit is/dat is: Dit is de CD die ik gister This is the CD that I bought gekocht heb. yesterday. Dat is het overhemd That is the shirt I’m looking for. dat ik zoek. Dat is een goede film. That’s a good film. You can even use dit/dat to talk about plural things simply by changing is to zijn: Dit zijn Martijns boeken. These are Martijn’s books. Dat zijn mooie foto’s. Those are beautiful photos. Relative clauses Relative clauses give extra information about a thing or a " Look at the following sentences: 7 oe z tuin was enorm. The garden was enormous. (et appartement was erg klein. The apartment was very small. De oefeningen waren moeilijk. The exercises were difficult. 131