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Lecture#10

This document discusses key aspects of culture, including that values are culturally defined standards of desirability, while beliefs are specific statements people hold to be true. It also discusses norms as rules that guide societal behavior, and distinguishes between mores as moral standards and folkways as casual customs. The document contrasts ideal culture based on values and norms from real culture, which can only approximate expectations. It notes culture has both material and non-material aspects, and that acceptable behavior varies widely between cultures.

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18 views11 pages

Lecture#10

This document discusses key aspects of culture, including that values are culturally defined standards of desirability, while beliefs are specific statements people hold to be true. It also discusses norms as rules that guide societal behavior, and distinguishes between mores as moral standards and folkways as casual customs. The document contrasts ideal culture based on values and norms from real culture, which can only approximate expectations. It notes culture has both material and non-material aspects, and that acceptable behavior varies widely between cultures.

Uploaded by

waqas_shahzad0077575
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

TO
SOCIOLOGY

Lecture 10

CULTURE

CONTINUED

Values and beliefs


Values are culturally defined
standards of desirability
what ought to be.
Beliefs are specific
statements that people hold
to be true.

Examples of values:
Equal opportunity, Achievement and
success, Material comfort, Activity
and work, Science, Freedom,
Physical fitness, Health, Punctuality,
Wealth, Education, Competition,
Merit, Honesty, Dignity of labor,
Patriotism, Justice, Democracy,
Environmental protection, Charity,
Development.
Values: inconsistency and conflict.

Norms:
Rules and expectations by
which a society guides the
behavior of its members.
Shared expectations
Proscriptive: Mandating what we
should not do.
Prescriptive: What we should do.

Mores and Folkways


Mores (More-ays) are societys
standards of proper moral
conduct. Notions of
right/wrong.
Folkways are customs for
routine, casual interaction.
Proper dress, greetings.

Ideal Culture and Real Culture


Ideal culture: Social patterns
mandated by cultural values and
norms. Ideal values and norms.
Real Culture: Actual social
patterns that only approximate
cultural expectations.
Statistical norms

Material and Non-material


Culture
Intangible: Non material
aspects.
Tangible: Material aspects.
New information technology.

Cultural Diversity
Acceptable forms of
behavior vary widely
from culture to

CULTURAL
RELATIVISM
The practice of judging
a culture by its own
standards.

A GLOBAL CULTURE
We are globally connected
through:
The global economy.
Global communication.

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