BEAM GB10(300X300) SPAN NO.

1
FLEXURAL DESIGN CALCULATION
LOCATION : SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)
Design Bending Moment = 13.4 kNm
Width, b = 300.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 259.0 mm
Mu / bd = 13.4 1000000 / (300.0 259.0) = 0.666 N/mm
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd < kk1
Mu / bd = 0.666 <= 4.691
Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam
Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 14.611 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 b x / 1000 = 12.12 300 14.611 / 1000 = 53.13 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc 1000 / (fy / s) = 53.13 1000 / (460 / 1.05) = 122 mm
Moment Capacity = Fc (d - k2 x) / 1000 = 53.13 (259.0 - 0.4518 14.611) / 1000 = 13.4 kNm
Maximum Depth of Section = 300.0 mm
Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.13% 300.0 300.0 = 117 mm
Top Compression Steel Area Required = 117 mm
Bottom Tension Steel Area Required = 122 mm
Additional Tension Steel Required along beam span, Ast = Ft / (fyy fy) = 1.1 10 / (0.9524 460) = 2 mm
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 1 mm
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 2 mm
Final Top Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 118 mm
Final Bottom Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 124 mm
Top Reinforcement Provided = 3T12 (339 mm)
Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 3T12 (339 mm)
Top Tension Steel Area Required = 117 mm
LOCATION : LEFT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)
Design Bending Moment = 0.0 kNm
Width, b = 300.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 259.0 mm
Mu / bd = 0.0 1000000 / (300.0 259.0) = 0.000 N/mm
Design to minimum steel percentage specified by code,
Maximum Depth of Section = 300.0 mm
Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.13% 300.0 300.0 = 117 mm
Top Tension Steel Area Required = 117 mm
Additional Tension Steel Required along beam span, Ast = Ft / (fyy fy) = 1.1 10 / (0.9524 460) = 2 mm
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 1 mm
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 2 mm
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 118 mm
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 120 mm
Top Reinforcement Provided = 3T12 (339 mm)
Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 3T12 (339 mm)
LOCATION : RIGHT SUPPORT (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)
Design Bending Moment = 39.7 kNm
Width, b = 300.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 252.5 mm
Mu / bd = 39.7 1000000 / (300.0 252.5) = 2.078 N/mm

Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd < kk1

Mu / bd = 2.078 <= 4.691
Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam
Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 47.298 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 b x / 1000 = 12.12 300 47.298 / 1000 = 171.98 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc 1000 / (fy / s) = 171.98 1000 / (460 / 1.05) = 393 mm
Moment Capacity = Fc (d - k2 x) / 1000 = 171.98 (252.5 - 0.4518 47.298) / 1000 = 39.7 kNm
Maximum Depth of Section = 300.0 mm
Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.13% 300.0 300.0 = 117 mm
Top Tension Steel Area Required = 393 mm
Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 117 mm
Additional Tension Steel Required along beam span, Ast = Ft / (fyy fy) = 1.1 10 / (0.9524 460) = 2 mm
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 1 mm
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 2 mm
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 394 mm
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 120 mm
Top Reinforcement Provided = 4T12 (452 mm)
Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 3T12 (339 mm)
Due to auto deflection control or detailing requirement, the top steel bar provided has been changed to
Top Reinforcement Provided = 3T25 (1473 mm)
Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 3T12 (339 mm)

LOCATION : 1/4 SPAN (3-D ANALYSIS RESULT)

Design Bending Moment = 16.2 kNm
Width, b = 300.0 mm Effective Depth, d = 252.5 mm
Mu / bd = 16.2 1000000 / (300.0 252.5) = 0.847 N/mm
Singly Reinforced Design, limit Mu / bd < kk1
Mu / bd = 0.847 <= 4.691
Design as Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam
Concrete Neutral Axis, x = 18.241 mm
Concrete Compression Force, Fc = k1 b x / 1000 = 12.12 300 18.241 / 1000 = 66.32 kN
Steel Area Required, AsReq = Fc 1000 / (fy / s) = 66.32 1000 / (460 / 1.05) = 152 mm
Moment Capacity = Fc (d - k2 x) / 1000 = 66.32 (252.5 - 0.4518 18.241) / 1000 = 16.2 kNm
Maximum Depth of Section = 300.0 mm
Minimum Tension Steel Area Required = 0.13% 300.0 300.0 = 117 mm
Top Tension Steel Area Required = 152 mm
Bottom Compression Steel Area Required = 117 mm
Additional Tension Steel Required along beam span, Ast = Ft / (fyy fy) = 1.1 10 / (0.9524 460) = 2 mm
Additional Tension Steel Required by Top Reinforcement, AstTop = Ast / 4 = 1 mm
Additional Tension Steel Required by Bottom Reinforcement, AstBot = Ast = 2 mm
Final Top Tension Steel Area Required (3D) = 153 mm
Final Bottom Compression Steel Area Required (3D) = 120 mm
Top Reinforcement Provided = 3T12 (339 mm)
Bottom Reinforcement Provided = 3T12 (339 mm)

SHEAR & TORSION DESIGN CALCULATION

LOCATION : SECTION 1 LEFT SUPPORT
(B:0 mm E:625 mm from left grid of span)
Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm
Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 31.1 kN
Link Horizontal Dimension, h1 = b - 2 Side Cover - DiaLink = 300 - 2 25 - 10 = 240 mm
Link Vertical Dimension, v1 = h - 2 Cover - DiaLink = 300 - 2 25 - 10 = 240 mm
Dimension x1 = Min (h1, v1) = 240 mm, y1 = Max (h1, v1) = 240 mm
Section Dimension: Dmin = 300.0 mm, Dmax = 300.0 mm
Torsion Stress, st = 2 T 106 / (Dmin (Dmax - Dmin / 3)) = 0.00 N/mm
Effective depth, d = 259.0 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, ss = V 1000 / (b d) = 31.1 1000 / (300.0 259.0) = 0.40 N/mm
Part 2 : Clause 2.4.6 and Table 2.3
Maximum Combined Stress Allowed, tu = Min (0.8 fcu, 5) = 4.38 N/mm
Total Stress, Tot = ss + st = 0.40 + 0.00 = 0.40 N/mm tu (4.38 N/mm)
Checking for Combined Stress Allowed Pass
Part 2: Clause 2.4.5
Additional Checking While Small Cross Section (y1 < 550 mm)
Larger Link Dimension, y1 = 240.0 mm < 550 mm
tu y1 / 550 = 4.38 240.0 / 550 = 1.91 N/mm
st = 0.00 N/mm 1.91 N/mm
Checking for Torsion Stress Allowed Pass
Part 2 : Clause 2.4.6 Table 2.3
Torsion Strength contributed by concrete, t,min = Min (0.067 fcu, 0.4) = 0.37 N/mm
Torsion Stress, st = 0.00 N/mm < t,min = 0.37 N/mm -> No Torsion Reinforcement is needed
Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 24.4 kN
Part 2 : Clause 2.4.5, 2.4.6 Table 2.3
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, tu = Min (0.8 30, 5) = 4.38 N/mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, ss = V 1000 / (b d) = 24.4 1000 / (300.0 259.0) = 0.31 N/mm Max (4.38
N/mm)
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass
Minimum Design Shear Stress, Min = 0.40 N/mm
Tension Steel Area Provided, Ast = 339 mm
- Table 3.8: Values of c, design concrete shear stress
Steel Percentage, 100 As / (bv d) = 0.44 % 3.0 %
Effective Depth Ratio, edr = 400 / d = 400 / 259.0 = 1.544
(400 / d)^ = 1.115 1
Minimum fcu, fcuMin = 25 N/mm, Concrete Grade Ratio, Min(fcu, 40) / fcuMin = 30 / 25 = 1.200
Concrete Shear Capacity, c = 0.79 {100 As / (bv d)} (400 / d) (fcu / 25) / m
= 0.79 {0.44} 1.115 (1.200) / 1.25 = 0.57 N/mm

Clause 3.4.5.12: eqn. 6a

VhM Ratio = V h / M = 24396 300.0 / 4815279 = 1.52 > 1.00
VhM Ratio taken as 1.00
Design Shear Capacity, c1' = c + 0.60 (N / Ac) VhM
= 0.568 + 0.60 (-1073.1 / 90000.0) 1.00
= 0.561 N/mm
Clause 3.4.5.12: eqn. 6b
Design Shear Capacity, c2' = c SQRT[(1 + N / (Ac c)]
= 0.568 SQRT[(1 + -1073.1 / (90000.0) 0.57]
= 0.562 N/mm
Design Shear Capacity, c2' > c1' --> Use c1' for design
ss = 0.314 < c' + 0.4, Provides only minimum link
Design for minimum Shear Stress, d = min = 0.40 N/mm
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = (vd b) / (fyy fy) = (0.40 300) / (0.95 460) = 0.274 mm/mm
ShearReinforcement Provided : T10-175
ShearLink Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.898 mm/mm > 0.274 mm/mm
LOCATION : SECTION 1 MIDDLE ZONE
(B:625 mm E:1875 mm from left grid of span)
Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm
Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 10.2 kN
Link Horizontal Dimension, h1 = b - 2 Side Cover - DiaLink = 300 - 2 25 - 10 = 240 mm
Link Vertical Dimension, v1 = h - 2 Cover - DiaLink = 300 - 2 25 - 10 = 240 mm
Dimension x1 = Min (h1, v1) = 240 mm, y1 = Max (h1, v1) = 240 mm
Section Dimension: Dmin = 300.0 mm, Dmax = 300.0 mm
Torsion Stress, st = 2 T 106 / (Dmin (Dmax - Dmin / 3)) = 0.00 N/mm
Effective depth, d = 259.0 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, ss = V 1000 / (b d) = 10.2 1000 / (300.0 259.0) = 0.13 N/mm
Part 2 : Clause 2.4.6 and Table 2.3
Maximum Combined Stress Allowed, tu = Min (0.8 fcu, 5) = 4.38 N/mm
Total Stress, Tot = ss + st = 0.13 + 0.00 = 0.13 N/mm tu (4.38 N/mm)
Checking for Combined Stress Allowed Pass
Part 2: Clause 2.4.5
Additional Checking While Small Cross Section (y1 < 550 mm)
Larger Link Dimension, y1 = 240.0 mm < 550 mm
tu y1 / 550 = 4.38 240.0 / 550 = 1.91 N/mm
st = 0.00 N/mm 1.91 N/mm
Checking for Torsion Stress Allowed Pass
Part 2 : Clause 2.4.6 Table 2.3
Torsion Strength contributed by concrete, t,min = Min (0.067 fcu, 0.4) = 0.37 N/mm
Torsion Stress, st = 0.00 N/mm < t,min = 0.37 N/mm -> No Torsion Reinforcement is needed
Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 45.6 kN

Part 2 : Clause 2.4.5, 2.4.6 Table 2.3

Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, tu = Min (0.8 30, 5) = 4.38 N/mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, ss = V 1000 / (b d) = 45.6 1000 / (300.0 252.5) = 0.60 N/mm Max (4.38
N/mm)
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass
Minimum Design Shear Stress, Min = 0.40 N/mm
Tension Steel Area Provided, Ast = 1473 mm
- Table 3.8: Values of c, design concrete shear stress
Steel Percentage, 100 As / (bv d) = 1.94 % 3.0 %
Effective Depth Ratio, edr = 400 / d = 400 / 252.5 = 1.584
(400 / d)^ = 1.122 1
Minimum fcu, fcuMin = 25 N/mm, Concrete Grade Ratio, Min(fcu, 40) / fcuMin = 30 / 25 = 1.200
Concrete Shear Capacity, c = 0.79 {100 As / (bv d)} (400 / d) (fcu / 25) / m
= 0.79 {1.94} 1.122 (1.200) / 1.25 = 0.94 N/mm
Clause 3.4.5.12: eqn. 6a
VhM Ratio = V h / M = 45579 300.0 / 16200135 = 0.84
Design Shear Capacity, c1' = c + 0.60 (N / Ac) VhM
= 0.940 + 0.60 (-1073.1 / 90000.0) 0.84
= 0.934 N/mm
Clause 3.4.5.12: eqn. 6b
Design Shear Capacity, c2' = c SQRT[(1 + N / (Ac c)]
= 0.940 SQRT[(1 + -1073.1 / (90000.0) 0.94]
= 0.934 N/mm
Design Shear Capacity, c2' > c1' --> Use c1' for design
ss = 0.602 < c' + 0.4, Provides only minimum link
Design for minimum Shear Stress, d = min = 0.40 N/mm
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = (vd b) / (fyy fy) = (0.40 300) / (0.95 460) = 0.274 mm/mm
ShearReinforcement Provided : T10-175
ShearLink Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.898 mm/mm > 0.274 mm/mm
LOCATION : SECTION 1 RIGHT SUPPORT
(B:1875 mm E:2500 mm from left grid of span)
Maximum Torsion within Zone, T = 0.0 kNm
Shear at Location of Maximum Torsion, V = 68.5 kN
Link Horizontal Dimension, h1 = b - 2 Side Cover - DiaLink = 300 - 2 25 - 10 = 240 mm
Link Vertical Dimension, v1 = h - 2 Cover - DiaLink = 300 - 2 25 - 10 = 240 mm
Dimension x1 = Min (h1, v1) = 240 mm, y1 = Max (h1, v1) = 240 mm
Section Dimension: Dmin = 300.0 mm, Dmax = 300.0 mm
Torsion Stress, st = 2 T 106 / (Dmin (Dmax - Dmin / 3)) = 0.00 N/mm
Effective depth, d = 252.5 mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, ss = V 1000 / (b d) = 68.5 1000 / (300.0 252.5) = 0.90 N/mm

Part 2 : Clause 2.4.6 and Table 2.3

Maximum Combined Stress Allowed, tu = Min (0.8 fcu, 5) = 4.38 N/mm
Total Stress, Tot = ss + st = 0.90 + 0.00 = 0.91 N/mm tu (4.38 N/mm)
Checking for Combined Stress Allowed Pass
Part 2: Clause 2.4.5
Additional Checking While Small Cross Section (y1 < 550 mm)
Larger Link Dimension, y1 = 240.0 mm < 550 mm
tu y1 / 550 = 4.38 240.0 / 550 = 1.91 N/mm
st = 0.00 N/mm 1.91 N/mm
Checking for Torsion Stress Allowed Pass
Part 2 : Clause 2.4.6 Table 2.3
Torsion Strength contributed by concrete, t,min = Min (0.067 fcu, 0.4) = 0.37 N/mm
Torsion Stress, st = 0.00 N/mm < t,min = 0.37 N/mm -> No Torsion Reinforcement is needed
Maximum Shear within Zone, V = 61.2 kN
Part 2 : Clause 2.4.5, 2.4.6 Table 2.3
Maximum Shear Stress Allowed, tu = Min (0.8 30, 5) = 4.38 N/mm
Shear Stress due to Loading, ss = V 1000 / (b d) = 61.2 1000 / (300.0 252.5) = 0.81 N/mm Max (4.38
N/mm)
Checking for Maximum Shear Stress Allowed Pass
Minimum Design Shear Stress, Min = 0.40 N/mm
Tension Steel Area Provided, Ast = 1473 mm
- Table 3.8: Values of c, design concrete shear stress
Steel Percentage, 100 As / (bv d) = 1.94 % 3.0 %
Effective Depth Ratio, edr = 400 / d = 400 / 252.5 = 1.584
(400 / d)^ = 1.122 1
Minimum fcu, fcuMin = 25 N/mm, Concrete Grade Ratio, Min(fcu, 40) / fcuMin = 30 / 25 = 1.200
Concrete Shear Capacity, c = 0.79 {100 As / (bv d)} (400 / d) (fcu / 25) / m
= 0.79 {1.94} 1.122 (1.200) / 1.25 = 0.94 N/mm
Clause 3.4.5.12: eqn. 6a
VhM Ratio = V h / M = 61178 300.0 / 39748889 = 0.46
Design Shear Capacity, c1' = c + 0.60 (N / Ac) VhM
= 0.940 + 0.60 (-1073.1 / 90000.0) 0.46
= 0.937 N/mm
Clause 3.4.5.12: eqn. 6b
Design Shear Capacity, c2' = c SQRT[(1 + N / (Ac c)]
= 0.940 SQRT[(1 + -1073.1 / (90000.0) 0.94]
= 0.934 N/mm
Select c2' as c' for design
ss = 0.808 < c' + 0.4, Provides only minimum link
Design for minimum Shear Stress, d = min = 0.40 N/mm
Shear Link Area / Spacing Ratio, SAsv_Sv = (vd b) / (fyy fy) = (0.40 300) / (0.95 460) = 0.274 mm/mm

ShearReinforcement Provided : T10-175

ShearLink Area / Spacing Ratio Provided = 0.898 mm/mm > 0.274 mm/mm

DEFLECTION CHECKING FOR SPAN

Basic Span / Depth Ratio, Br = 26.0
Span Length, l = 2500.0 mm
Effective Depth, d = 259.0 mm
Actual Span / Depth Ratio, Ar = 9.7
Ultimate Design Moment, Mu = 15.0 kNm
Design Steel Strength, fy = 460.0 N/mm
Area of Tension Steel Required, AsReq = 137 mm
Area of Tension Steel Provided, AsProv = 339 mm
Area of Compression Steel Provided, AsProv (Comp.) = 339 mm
- Checking for deflection is based on BS8110: 1997
- Table 3.9: Basic span / effective depth ratio for rectangular or flange beams
- Table 3.10: Modification factor for tension reinforcement
- Table 3.11: Modification factor for compression reinforcement
Design Service Stress in Tension Reinforcement,
fs = {(2 fy AsReq) / (3 AsProv)} (1 / b)
= {(2 460.0 137) / (3 339)} (1 / 1.00)
= 123.4 N/mm

Equation 8

Modification Factor for Tension Reinforcement,

Equation 7
MFt = 0.55 + {(477 - fs) / (120 (0.9 + (M/bd)))}
= 0.55 + {(477 - 123.4) / (120 (0.9 + (15.0 1000000 / (300 259.0)))}
= 2.34 > 2.0
MFt taken as 2.0
New Modification Factor for Compression Reinforcement,
Equation 9
MFc = 1 + {(100 AsProv / (b d)) / (3 + (100 AsProv / (b d)))}
= 1 + {(100 339 / (300.0 259.0)) / (3 + (100 339 / (300.0 259.0)))}
= 1.13 <= 1.5
New Deflection Ratio = (Br MFt MFc) / Ar = (26.0 2.00 1.13) / 9.7 = 6.07
Ratio >= 1.0 : Deflection Checked PASSED