LiNRPV %szmss LjisWxtsQs

$$
LjisWxtsQs FsNRP][ xmsoRV. rysWs sLi gRiVLi[ s VLid, syLRiV ANRP ZNP[NPR L[ i
EzmsLji FxqsVNRPVs[j LjisWxtsQs ....%sxms sLi....
RLjiR gRis, sWss xmssLRi s s sWLjis sVxmsn Vs 1968 FyLjiqs LjisWxtsQs .
ys[ sVNRP%s $$ sW[ FyLi[.....
""Bj 1968, s[V s[ FyLjiqs[ xqsLi %sLis %sxmssxmso NRPR. %sxms yV RLjiR VVNRP
xqsLiLSV. ryLizmsn VNRP yxqs%sNRPR ryLizmsn VNRP xqs*xmsLi[ NRPzqsF[V ORPQLi (LRi NSLRiLi).
@%s FsLiRVNRPV xqsLi %sLiyRVsysNTP xmsVN]s[ NSLRixmsVRW @xqssVgRis[V. y sLiR s
xmsVRW FyOTPQNPR s[V.
s[V %sxms sLi NRPszmsLi[ ys N][xqssVW(LiT), NRPszmsLiRs ys N][xqssVW (INRP sWRs ssxqs )
Ljigjis FLSLi.
C NRPRs D[QQOPR Q[s[ Fy. @gRiRLi, \RsLi ARLRis yLiVV''
INRP RVWL][ms[s[ NSRV, xmsxmsLiRyxmsLigS sWss %sVssV xqssVWLigS sWLjis C
LjisWxtsQs gRiVLjiLi VgRiV[aPR Li gRiLji*LiRRgjis sVNRP%s $$ LSzqss xmsoxqsNPR Li Bj.

lLiNRP%szmssLjisWxtsQs

$$

yLij
Bj1968, s[V s[ FyLjiqs[xqsLi %sLis %sxms sxmsoNRPR.
%sxms yVRLjiR VVNRPxqsLiLSV. ryLizmsn VNRP yxqs%sNRPRryLizmsn VNRP xqsxmsLi[ NRPzqsF[VORPQLi
(LRi NSLRiLi).
@%sFsLiRVNRPV xqsLi %sLiyRVsysNTPxmsVN]s[ NSLRixmsVRW@xqssVgRis[V. ysLiR s
xmsVRWFyOTPQNPR s[V.
s[V%sxms sLi NRPszmsLi[ ysN][xqssVW(LiT), NRPszmsLiRsys N][xqssVW (INRP sWRsssxqs )
LjigjisFLSLi.
C NRPRsD[QQOPR Q[s[Fy.
@gRiRLi,\RsLi ARLRisyLiVV.

sWRsssxqs %dsVR dxqsVNRPVsFdxqsV RLRi xmsxqsVR xqssW NRP[LSssgjiLiLij.

BLiRV[Fys sVxqsFyNRPV xqsNRPxqsR xqsLRiWFysLij.
NRPszmsLi[R Liyyyxmso xmspLjig S ssNTPFLiVVLiRssRV.NRPszmsLiRsj xmssVsxqsV=[
DLijc Fys yLji sVsxqsV=.[
C %sxms ysNTPxmspLRiLi, BNRP sWLRi[sW @szmsLi[LiRsVVxqs\s RWNSsjyLRiVsWLRiV
[zqsLij.
Cy@yRVLi sFj g]s ss sQQNPT g iR R RWNRPs,sWRs
ssxqs xms|msLiRVNRPVs rysVWzNRP\ sVsAaRP#[ Fs[lLiVxts Q\sVs%s.

INRP
WLiR VysLSsNTP INRP xqsLRiy soLij,
@sxqsLRiysV @xmsNUPLjiFyVRVRLi.
FnytsQN`PcysL`i INRP xqssVNSdsdsNRPR.
1963.VR yLRiLi. xmsyLRiLi gjilgi[ sVLisLiR xqssWs[aPR Li. INRP RVWssLji=ss[aPR sLi NSy.
(@ VRRVLi).
%dsLiVV[FyLjiqs RVVxmsNRP([ xmsNRP)
@xms\|qssLi sVLi\sVxqsL`i, @xms %sysVLixmsp}tsQ][ (s[V '68[ x[Li
sVLi)""FyLjiqsNTP xmsRsVLRigS ysL`isR yN][ s WLiRLi DLij.NSs}qs sVsoys
yRVN][s RV.''(LSNUPRVLi)
@jLiLiR W, gRiVT|qsE Ds FyLiysNTPsVR INRP %ssWsaS TF.
ysL`i[Lij c 1968. NSLiNUP][,gS][ NRPyVc 16,17 yLiR V[ sszqsLi[s T%sV
RLRigRi N][xqsLi.BLiNS xqsLixmss FyLiyV.xms xqssWR VV.NSLiR NTP FyLjiLig`i
xqs V;NRP[s s,xqsLixmssV xqsVxmsoRVN][xqsLi. C NRPVLS DsVTNRPVVLiLi[s[
soLiWsV%dsV (sWRX[s R),r~LiR NSLiR V yRVRWDLiLRiV. (NRPVVLiLi)
syRVW, @LRiVV,VRRNUPRVRLjiRxmso gRiVT|qsV.

%sRxmso@LiRV[ NRPNTPsNRPVLS , xmsoARVRW (\|msNTP NRPszmsLi[FssVVNRPV!

yy[ WRVV!)F~gRig]V, N_s= syV, LiLRiV W%sV. g][R %dsVRzmsNSLki
zmsrV][yzqss:
ygRiLjiNRPR,xmsLjiaRPV R, LRiNUPyxmsLSRVR.
12 s[xqs WLiV. 15 sLiRsVLij xqs [.
yLSsN][ryLjiys=Lig`i. lLiLiRVryLiR V zqsdsNPR V.%sVgRiy LSRVLiy d .(d
@Li[%ss)d xmsNRPVssVLiRV,s[Vyso ARzLiryryR sLi. (xqsLixqsQX)
INRPg][R %dsVR xmsoLRiVgRiVgRi dssVVs NTPNUPgS RVxmsoNTP N]VN]sNRPVF.
RNRPs|qsLji\ [zqssgRiRVV: |msR gSNTPNUPV c @LRid\sVyyV NRPszmsxqsW""xmsLSLiVV''
[bPd RVVNRPVxmss[aPR Li [R V.xmsn LjiRL`i sWLRiNRPWRRV.N]R% s [LiR NRPWRRV.sLiRVN][NRPWRRV.
RVWssLji+AsLRi[ LSNUPRWVs}tsQR Li.
RVg][R %dsVR: BNRPT][}qsR @LiRsVsoRVLij.
@sWLiVVV(21 G y[,[y RRLiRVxms[NSsVsVDLi[) @LiVVgRiRVN[ PT
s sRV.NSs @LiVVV @sWLiVVgRiRVN[ PT sysNTP%ds [ R V. FsLi[R Li[c sVLigSLji
sWc[ xmsNRPXNTP Rs sRVsWVRsNRPVyLiVV. yssVLjiFsRLiNRPLi[
@LigkiNRPLjiLiRRLisVLij. @kNSNRP csVLi DyRc "NRPNRPVRsV AR xmsxmsLiRLi[VLRiV
xmss[bPLiRRLisLigSs[ Bxts QLi soLiRRV'(dsRVV).
INRPzmsTZNPRV sVLij sW[LiVVxqs VW,=LiVVxqs VW,@yLjixqs VW,
zqsV[VxtsQsxqs VW,KsV, %dsLji][ V NSsLik. (dsyRVV)
@k,xmsRWsNTP xmspLRiLi.
ryLizmsn VNRPaSxqsQ %syLiR V[FsNRPVs \RsLi.NSs %sVLiVaRPWsLi[ xmss[ryLiR V.ys
xqs%dsVNRPLjiLiRysNTPy NRPV Ds]ZNP[xqssVxqs: %sRVyLi. (FsRsVxmsORPQxmso xmsoNTP
xmsoLSV,@j NRP xqsLiNRPVsVRWLRiLi [xqsVN][sRLi,N]j sVLij @LiR Li [xqsVNRPVsy ).
sy[ N]s}msLiR V. %sVLi}msLiR V. zms RLiU,DyLRiyk @LiVVs
RVWssLji=%syj NSLji gSxmsqs, @xqsVsy[R V sVVL][ @LiRV.

NSs%syRV ss[aPR sLi[sNTP ys N][ VR LjiLis %sLiRsNRPVV xmss[bPryLiR V.FyLjiqs

@LiRyzmsLis ""%sRVyLiNRP%sV'' sV Rsd[}qs sVsVxtsv[y .
ysN][ sVsVxtsvV ""dsyR''%syLRiV Fn[VdxqsVNRPVLiLRiV.
%syLiR VVysN][ y Fn[V dxqsVNRPVs[LiR VNRPV zmssV][giR VRVyLRiV.
@sLiR\sVssryLS[ [LiR V%dsVR "" FLN(%sRVyLiWRs RLi)LiVVxqsVLij''. BLiNS
""LjiRWORPQs LkiLiyNSgjiRxmso xmsoV[''.%sRVyLi[ DLij %sRVyLi%syLiR VV. ryLizmsn VNRP
aSryQyxmsNRPVL][T W|qs xqssV%dsVRNTPqs sWLRiL`i sLjiLisRs
ysRWzmsLiRsVLiLRiV.%ds [ R LiLRiVF~|mnsxqsLRiVgSLRiV.
|qsNRPV=N][Lij NRPsV @RVN][s RLi[y |qsN`P= dsR%dsVy %sRVLi \lLi{tsQ yzqssgRiLiysV
RLjiLiRg][LRiVyLRiV%syLRiVV. F~|mnsxqsLiR %dsVR @R V xqsy FyLRiLiryLiR V.
""sVaRPRWyxmsNS!uyL`i sWs FssLRiLiU?''
uyL`i sWs\ZNPQQxqss sVRLiN][xqsLi FLSTs sVsVLi sVLS.
""@yxmsNRPsVaRPRW! sVyxLixmsp NSLjiNRPVV G%sLiLRiLi?''
Gj]LjiNTP[ @j LiLRiVLS@LiVVW, @LiVVy sVsLiRVRQ\sVs@Q\sVs
%sxtsQR W[NTP FNRPVLiy sVsxqsV=NTPxqsLiLij LisxqsLigRiRV[ sWRVNRPVLiyLi.
FsLi[R sLi[,%dsVLRiV NRPsVbPORPQ][ NRPXztsQ[zqs, %sRORPQ][R RVsoNRPVLi[%sd V sVVLiRV
sVx[\sVs %sxtsQRV DLijLS.g][R %dsVR @ysV [ R VxryV
LSryLiVV:""@yxmsNRPVLS! %dsVLRiV sVVzqsy LiVVFRWLRiV.''
FsNRP][G][ TFLiVVLij.g][R V xmsgRiV [aSLiVV.
sVsxqsV=VALi][ s LiRVRVyLiVV.N]LiRLRiV ALi][ sNSLRiVV
%syLiR VlLiRg]RVRVyLRiV.sVLiRVNRPV N]j gSsVsxqsV=V soNRPVsVyLiVV.
N]Rz qs%sVLig`ixmsp (CR LRiVso)A%sxtsQLjiLiRysNTP sVLi%sVry{tsQ syRV.
RVVsRLRiLi%dsVR ARV[ xmsoxqsNPR Li yaSRV.RVVsNRP sVLiRVR LRiLi @j.

xqssWs[aPR sVLijLRiLi[ sVLigSLji%dsVR ry\.sVLigSLRiV sWRVRVyLRiV.%syLiR VV

%sLiVyLRiV.%syLij NSs c Lik( Cohn - Bendit) @]ryR V:ds LSRV Rjs[s V.ALRiV
sLiR }msR. @LiRV[s Vso |qsNRPV= xqssVxqsFsRVN][s[[R V.sVLigSLjiNTP
ssVLiRVRVLij. ]LiRLRixmsRyRV:""%sLi[s VVLij? dsR V sVVgSsNTP BLixqssVxqs[
]LRiVNRPVyLiVV.s J sWLRiV LRiVso[CRV.''
xmsNRPVsWRRLi FyLRiLiLiyLiVV.ryR ss[V xqsLi[aPR LiNS xmsxmsyLRi
ryR yV%syLiR VNRPV RsVVysVVgRiVLjiL iRVN]s[ sWLSVRWzmsryLiVV.
sVLSR,sVzmsy sVVdgRi FyRT RVxmsVxmsFLiVVLij. @R Vxqsy
@RNRPLiR V.ys RRWLRiV[}qs NSLiR y @LiVVs %saRP%syRVLisVVsVVR@R%s zms
xqssVR%sRWzqsLij.
F~|mnsxqsLiR xmsaRPszmsLiRVNRPVsLSV. ssoW,CxqsTLixmsoW
@NRPryRVgS@s}s[zqssVTV%szmsLi[ xqsVV\ssNRP. RLRi[s[@yxmsNRPVV
jgRiLiLRiLSRWLRiV.
@LRiVxmso[ARVVy\s dxmsoLRiVxmsoR ss RWNSVNRPV
][R VgS,\RsLi][sWxLjiLis}qssV NRPRRLi][F~|mnsxqsLiR V NRPLiRNS[R V
yRVN][s ysNTPxmsLRiVlgiyLiR V. yLRi V xmsR sryLiVV.BRVs
%syLiR VxmsV[xqsV=Q\VN]RVRLi, RsVVsLi[ FdxqsVNRP[ BxqsVNRP
RLis[LiR VNRPVyLRiV.
LRis%syLiR VV FdxqsVNRPVNRP][ RxmsRVRVyLRiV.INRP ygRiLjiNRPRgRi BLiN]NRPDLiRRV.
s[LiR V s[LiR V xmsLjizqsRVNRPVs[LRiV s[LiR V xqssWyyV.
sWLji22 s [k s%syLiR VV @j NSLRi sys ANRP%sVLiyLRiV.Us gSxmssNTP @LiNTPRLigS
NSLRiy FysVxmsLjizqs NRPsVgRiVQ\sVsxms[NRP xqssLRi][FyRVNRPVLiW ( DansonsLa
grappignole gSzmsyLi[ysW!)
[R [R V %syLiR VV.R xmsTs sVsxqsV=V.WLiR Vy sLiR xmso xqsLiysLi.lLiLiRV sVVLjiNTP
}msAsLRi[ Lij RV\s%syLiR VV. INRPysVV
yVsRs[VgSsxmsaRPRgRiNRPWRsRVWssLji+ cFnyNPR Lki.lLiLiRsj, \|ms
RLRigRiRVyRLiVVLi[ @j NSLSV.

FyxmsLi,C xmszqsyNTP NRPsVbPORPQ@s[ FdxqsV Rsd,xmsLkiORPQs[ %sVLkigRi{qs.

DLizmsn VLiRLSssRVsW][ gRiR NRPVNRPVFLiVVs xXRRWV.y xmsoLRiLi[s
@LiR:xmsoLRiLiRsVNRPV @LiLSs\sxqssWs @sVNRPLjiLi[sVRVRVLij.@LiVVy
yNTP RsVRsxmsVNRPVs[ xqsLixmsy [R V.xqssWsVW [R V.
ygRiRLi. NRPVVLi LiyVDNTPLji NTPLji [}qsgS LSxmsTFLiVV, NRPVVLixmsoRV %dsVR
AyLRixmsRszqss@ssWsLi][, ysNSRs zmsT yysVsWLjiF}qs sLRi s WsLi\sxmso
sVRVLij.ARsLiRs@s[ Lki xmsLjiaRPsV][xqsxNSLRiLi N][LiR VRVLij.FsRVLSRs
DR.yVV [syRNRPLi Blgi[ aSaRPRLigSrygRiysNTP ][R RsVLiVLij.
y RVWssLji= xqssWs@sVNRPLjixqsVLij; FnyNPR Lkis@sVNRPLjixqsVLij. RsVNRPV@LiR[zqss
@ysxqsLRiygS, ryxr}msRLigSDxmsWgjiLi y ys xqsLiLixms[}qsxmssWRLi
DLij. y RsV gRiRV[ ssaRP+Li[ NRPWL]sy JzmsNRPgS, gRiRg SRsV
xqssVxqssVVNRP @NTPxqsWDLiLRiV. B%s y s%s [ R VLigS,
sVzmsRLigSsVxqsVN][s VLiLiVV.V |msLis,%suyRxmso @j NSLRiVsVg_LRi%sLiRsVLiLiVV.
sVxms
xmsxmsLiysxmsLiRVN][s R LiLiVV.@LiVVsxmsNUP %ds [N]sxmsssVVV c
yNSxmsyLRiV sFsLiR sVVR VLjiFLiVVy c @s}sNTPDxmsNRPLjiryLiVV. [s Vd,]LigRi
RVxmsod,%sNSLRixmso xmsLiVRWzmsLi[ @yds,ALiNSd, sVWzqsszqsLixyLSs
RV|msRyLiVV.R WxmssC xqsVRWLRi%dsRV sLRiNRPszmsLi[j : @yRVLi.
11 sGzms, LRiWU NRP}tsQs xtsw[aSLRiV.
dsgRiA[xqsVs y ][,xqsLjixR V @sRORPVQR[s Rdslgi[ FsjLjixqsVs y ][
ssVLij Li[ y|ms\|qss @sVLiyV.s NSLiR L`i[%syLRiVV
xqssWs[aPR sVsoRVyLRiV.xqsLiztsQxqsVyLRiV.
sVVRRVLRiVgS,RLSRVgS, RVRNRPVINRP xmsRLRi+sLi.
NRPRxmsTs |qs[V ,LRiVRLRigRiV, |mssVZNPLRiV.
xmsNSRVL[ ][Lki RVLiyVLRigRiRLi sVVRLiVVLij.
zmsRVL`iNTPs c NRPsVWsxqs VFyLiR sVLiV xqs VRV,NRPsVWsxqs V FyLik ZNP[LiRNRP%sVxqs VRV
ysL`iNTPsryR V; xqsWLiDxmsRysNTP ""NRPsVWsxqs VxmsLjiuyLRiLi'' gRiVLjiLi
sWRysNTP.s ]T ][s ssxtsQQ%sVryR V.

sWLji22 gRixNRPWLi.sORPQ RR WsANRPL<ij xqsVLij. BLiNS dNRPgSDs ANSaSs RsD

NSLi][s[N][ LigS sgjixqsVLij.NSs RVWssLji+c FnyNPR Lki BxmsVRV xmssWRLi[xmsTLij.
BxqsVNRP lLi[VsoV@R VxmsT A RVLiysxmssRVNRPVLiy sLiVV.ysL`i
%saRP%syRVLi@s[ FnyNPR Lkis sVW}qsaSLRiV.
FdxqsVVsyLRiV. sLiRLigS%syLiR V \NTPlgiLi, sLRiVxqsgS s,sVR
ssVNRP[R VVNRP(%sRVyLig`i Fn[V?)ARVVy N][xqsLi ry[aSLRiV.
%sRVyLi@LiR RWLRiLigS, @LiR [LiR VsgSBjsLRiZNPxmsVRV [R V.FdxqsVNRPV
@RVVyV]LRiNRP[R V.
lLi[xmso,ysL`i %syLiR VVrLSs (FyLjiqs) [ xmsRQOPR Qs VsoyLRiV.

lLiLiRV
RLiR ,xmsLkiORPQ R LRisW@s AL][[Vs[ FFyLRiLi sRVLij.
([][LSzqss Fxqs L`i)
bPaRPVLRiORPQaSV, %saRP%syRWV,
RsWNSLSgRiX yLSVLRiVyLi.
(ysL`i,xqsLigkiR ssLi)
sWRXsVWLjirLSs,@sVgRisRVsV.
DxmssRVysLi,zmsLiRxmsyysLi,Fyds NRPLRiNSLiRVrygjiLi[ %suyRss,
rLSs,RLjiR xmssyLjisVLiT, @gSy@s[NPR %sNSLS sVLiTFsLiRNRPs LRiORPQ
F~LijsR. %sRysryLigSLRiV xmsn V dsRxmsVsxmsLjixmsNRPR F~Li[ rLSs,sVR VLRi
sVR VLRisWRX[s R.rLSs NRPLiRVN][!rLSs N]LiR%dsRV.
UsL][tsQ(%syRWj NSLji)INRP sVWztsQNPR Li. g]}msyLji
sVWxtsQNPR Li,Ws,sRVxqsVsWTRLRiLigRiV VNRP.sVLjids, Us L][tsQ@aRPVR Li.
rLSsAsLRi[ N]s sLiRsVLij %syLiR VVLSNUPRWV RLjixqsVyLRiV.RWLRixmso
LSNUPRWV:%sRVyLi; RgiR LRi LSNUPRWV,ysL`isV sVW|qsRVRLi.

FdxqsVVNRPVgRi[xqsVN][s RLi][xmsLjizqs RVV %sxtsQ%sVLiyLiVV.jgRiLiLRi sVLSgSLjiRWR

%syLiR VW,N]LiRLRiV RLiR WFsRVL][zqs sLij.xmsoVsVVRV][ xmsLjiFysrygjiLi[ C
xmsR NTPgRiVLjiL iRRgiR sVVLi[R V. xqsVkLiR Q \sVsxsoVsWRs[V soyLiVV.C xmsR
%sxmsn \sV[,DLiRs[ DLij xmsaRPVxmsWgRiLi.
LRiryRVsaSxqsQLi[s W, LSNUPRW[ s WaRPNRPV ANRPL<iR , sLSNRPLRiDLiLiVV. IN]NRPLji
sVVgiR V@LiRLSR, xmsWsLi,xqs, @V sLSLi,xqsLixmsn VLi[ RsV xqs LiBLi
y%dsVR AyLRixmsRVRW,%syLiR V%dsVR, y NRPVVLiV ALij NRPLigSLiR {qs [ryLiVV.[R s
xmsR RVVy sVsxqsV=sVNRPVLiLixms[ryLiVV. @LiVV[%ssxmso xmsssVVVy NTP
@LiRVV[s[DLiLiVV.
BxmsVRVy rLSs[DyLRiV. @sNTP gjiLisNRPXRsaRPRVLi][, y NTPVxqsV,
FdxqsVVRV%s xmsLizmsLi[ sVVxtsQLRiV\sRgiR VsVWNRP LS[R VsRs.(xmsbPsVLi)
sVWztsQNPR LiL][tsQNPT sLigSs[ RVLi.
Rsss[aRPssVLiy %syLRiV][sLiTFLiVVLij (@s lLi[T W[@LiRV).
sVLigSLjiNTPNRPWy BLijgSs[ DLij.FnyzqsV gRiVLixmsosV RRWLRiV[zqs%syLij
ALi][ sNSLRiV%dsVjNTP xmsLizmsLi[ NSLisFLiVVLij.
FdxqsVDsyj NSLji gjisWsVzmsVryR V L][tsQ, xmsLjizqs %sxtsQ%sV}qs FsRVL][ysNTP
FdxqsVVzqsR LigS DyLRis VxqsVNRPVLiRV.
sNSLiR L`i @LiR %syLiR VVsVWgRiVyLRiV.
xmsLjizqs @RVxmso %dsVLjiLiRs (%syLiR V][sLiTs A AsLRi!)L][tsQ %sryR V.
FdxqsVsVxmsLizmsLiRszqsLijgSgjisWsV @RVgRiVyRV.
sVLji,C gjisW Dy[ y\ssxmsn VLi.@j NSLRiLi[ Ds @s[NPR Vlgi[BRRW INRPxmsVRV
%sylLi ([ @Li[NSRV RsNRPW gRiVLixmso Dzqsg]sj[ GLi[ryWVxqsVsV). NSR
xmspLRiNRPLigS %dsV N][Lij NRPsVRVRVLiRsL][tsQs V @RVgRiVyRV.Us L][tsQ, sVWztsQNPR Li
L][tsQ,@s[VR Li L][tsQ @dsNRPzqs RsVgS LRiWF~LijsyRV.xqsLiRNRPLi [ryR V.
sNSLiR L`i xqsLiZNP[R xqs Li.s NSLiR L`ixmsL][OPR Qxmso xmsoLSgSR. LS }msLjis xqsss xqsLiRVV.

|qsLiVVLi\sV[ LRixyLji}msqs |qsLiVVLi \sV[sR sj xmsNRPsFyLRiLi # \sV xqsLSxqsLji

lgi LiL`i ][\sxmsogS FRVLij.|qsLiVVLi lLi[sLRixyLji ks@R LiN]RVRVLij.}msqs U
rLSsksNTP xqsgRiLi RWLRiLi[ FsRsVxmsNRPgSDLij.
rLSsNTPFsRVLRiVgS soLij }msqsUrLSs. @NRPR INRP yLRiLi,{qs FsN][ %dsj [INRP yLRiLi
DyLiVV. rLSsNRPVsVR [ INRP sryLSDLij. @NRPRsVLi%dsVRNTP RW}qs INRP
ssVRRLRixmso ANSaRPLiNRPsRVRVLij.
aSLi RRLRiORPQNRPV @sxqsLRi\sVsFdxqsV[ @s[NPR \sVsLRiNSV. sV[FysFdqs: 70
s[V. @LiRV[22 s[ sVLij FyLjiqs[F~RVgS sysN][ V R LjiryLiR V.NRPLRi][ [zqss,
LRiLigRiVs[zqss hkiVLiLiVVy NTP.
|qsxtsQ[NPR Li yLki gRiWxmsoVc FdxqsVaS @LiRN[ PT AsVVyVc NUP RVWsFnyLSV
s[ryLiR V.g]xms LiVVsLig`i F~Lijsy.]%dsV slLi[NPR xmsR RVV%dsLji
xms[NRPR.C.R.S.(S.S.)INRP LjiLRiV FdxqsVRLi, Bj x[LisVLi @j NSLRiLiNTPLiR DLiVLij. 15
s[sVLij sBLiTRW LRiLRiV hkiVyRyLRiV.
xqsLiyLRiFdxqsVyLRiV. %dsLRiW sRVxqsVV R LjiryLiR V.15 s[ sVLij, %sVLkisVLiT
sWRs[VAV dxqsVNRPVLiLRiV.%ds NTP RVFyNRPVVyLiVV.
sVVRL i%dsVR %ds LiRLjidsNRPNRP C.R.S.(S.S.)@s[@LiLRiV. %syLRiVW,xmsRLRi+NRPVW,
srysWssVW,y FdxqsV RsVxmsNRPLi [}qs C }msLRiVsV@xqsxLigS,
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NRPsVWsL][gRiLigS DLij. B [@LiRLRiW EzmsLji gRi L[ iR V.
LRiVsogS,saRP+LigS NSLi AgjiLij.LSRVLSV sVVgjiaSLiVV.
R yLjigjisW A{msn xqsV[ xqsVxqsxts QLigSsWRVRVyRV.sVLiRVV NUPVsVV.NSs
%sxms sLi %sxqsLij [][LiRsgjisW NRPs|ms [ R V.xms rysV WNRPWy @[ DLij.
Vj [sC lLi[T RWV xms@LiR:NRPLRiV xmsLiLi[@ysV xqsxms LiVV
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g]lLisVLiRLi}msORPQNPR VsV NRPWy RsV][NPR ssVs AsxqsVyLRiV.sVLi
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Fss%sVj
s[VNRPsVWs
(NRPsVWsg][R %dsVR FsLRi|msLiVVLi][)
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sVVRLjiZNP[` sVLi[ giR Vs sVLiTLij.s ZNPLRiVds yRVVsoNRPNRPVRVyLiVV.
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NSVVcsVxmsRVLi.
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%dsVy,ds AaRP %dsVy, ds sVXRVRLi%dsVy, ds xqssVLixqsRLi%dsVy.
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gSdsgS DLij. RxqsLjigS.
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FsLi][}qsxmso ss[R V.
""d ysxLisR V NSs[V`=cysVs FyssWRs[V
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.......
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RLSRLjiZNP[` .
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NTPNUP[Li@LRiVxqsVyLRiV. FdxqsV%dsVRaSxmsyLSV NRPVLjizmsxqsVyLRiV.FdxqsVV
NTPNUPN[ PT lgis[R V %sxqsVLRiVRVyLRiV.
ssNRPDLiTFNRPLiT. LjiZNP[` sVsj |msszqss}qsFssLRiW ssNRP AgjiFLRiV.
gRiV }msVRV sVR GRVxmsoV.
xmsRN]LiRVgRiLiRLSR \NTPs NRPWRs xmsRVRVFyRVVsozms BxmsVRV LRiNRPLi][sLiTs
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DLij. LRiNRPL i NRPNRPVRWLi[FdxqsV zmssLiT.NRPW RVVxmsoRVN]s
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aRPyV.%dsVLRiV NTP DLiR[LiR V''@s @LRisgRigjisyLRiV.
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}msxqsVLij.DNTPLji NTPLji [xqsVLij.
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lgi[WryN`P [s LjiZNP[R sV%dsLiVVsLiR kLiR NSLis.LRiLRiLigSs NSFyy.
RNRPLiR LiLRigRiNRPVLiy RWy.}msqs T NSLiryL`i=%dsVRVgS GORPQ\sVy
RzmsLiRVN][sysNTP%dsVLij.
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AxqsVxms.FdxqsVV %sLRiVRVNRPVxmsRyLRiV.@Lji[ gRiVLixmsoV. gSRVxmsTsyLjis RVyLRiV.
|qsRL`isVLiT NTPLiRNTP gjisVLki RVyLRiV.
%syLiR V][NPR zqs BLiNS s[LiR VNRPVLiWs[Ds [V xsVgRi{R F~|mnsxqsL`isW[
@NRP[ DyRV.LjiFLiR LiR V yLRiVNSLiRsVs=xqs LiR [NPT @LRi gki |msRVRVyLRiV.
@LRisNRPVLiyxmsaSLiRLigS sWRVyLS[NPR zqsymsn RVsVyLS@LiLRiV. NRPLi[
LRiWsVV[ sy. @R VgS xqsLigkiysxmss[aPR # |msRyLRiV.

T FsxqsQFy` %dsj [FLSLi rygRiV][Lij. |qsLiVVLi\sV[ NSgRiy gRisVLiRV][Lij.

NRPsVWsIN]NRP gRis[V sRVVNRPVLi[Lij.@LigRiVLi, @LigRiVLi ]xmsVsB sW,
LjiZNP[R sWsRVVNRPVLi[Lij.d R=NSLiRFyLRiLi Li NS[R VLij.
sW[xmsNRPV xmsaSLiRLigS%szms [xqsVyRV.Rs g]LiRVNRPsVzqsymns [}qs[xmsogSs[B [s
yLRiLiy\NTP sERN][R sV sVxmsoRRVszqsLiRs.s %dsR VF[ dxqsV yRV
DR QXRLiRgij LiRysNTP YANSLRiLi[lLiLiRV NSLiR V sLiT.\sVVLi[ BLiN][NSLRiV][ Y
ANSLRiLiRVLiT. NSLiR sLidsRgRiLiT.
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DNTPLjiNTPLji @LiVVF[V yNSsRVRVyLRiV.RLSR BRLRiVVs y xqs Li
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NSLRiLi,y NRPW xmsoRVNRPVsFLS[y .@LiVsV=VyLji[xqsVNRPVs
s NRPVLiyDyLiVV. N][ VR LjiLis yNPR QLiR ds,sLRiV=ds RVRVyLRiV.NRPsVWs
AxqsVxmsRVNUP,xmsRsV NTPy=RNUP|mss=s, ry=,ANTP=s, RWj, yNPR LRiVNSy.
NRPsVWsLRiNRPL i NRPNRPVNRPVLi[Lij.
RXzts QFg]VNRPVs INRP @sWLiVV][V INRP yNPR LRiVsVFdxqsVV @NSLiVVLiyLRiV.RsNRPV
yLji BsszqsLiRsFdxqsVNRPV xmsysNTPlLi[T WsV DxmsWgjiLiFdxqsV
xmsysj NSLjiNTPRVRVLiRs@RRV INRP LjiFLiR VsV@RVgRiVyRV.
DxmsNSLRixmsLRiVVsVVNRPNRP [LiR VN][ysNTPsryLiR V. NUP=y FdxqsV
sVLiTORPQR gSRVsVN]sFyLRiV. FdxqsVVsVLiRVV dxqsVNRPVsRVsy s N]RLi,
sVLiRVNRPV|mssV zmszmsgS RNRPg]RLiRWzqss yyLRiV.
NRPsVWsALji %dsR V[ FLSLid xtsQLigS rygRiV][Lij.F~gRi dsLRiLigRiV. ysNRPLixmsxqsVxmso
xmsRLRiLigRiV. LjiZNP[R VsVLi][ }msVRVyLiVV.
zmsVys sR|msRLi[R V. sVLi[,sRVLiR V[, VLRiR[FLSRVRWs[ DyLRiV.[
xmsVNRPLSs yLRiVVrygjixqsVs FdxqsV][FLSRVRWs[ DyLRiV.
s[VNRPsVWs xmspLjig S rysLSsVN][[LiVVLij NSs lgiVxqsWs[DLiRs @LiRLjiNUP
xqsxts Qs Vso][Lij.
ALjiLjiZNP[R sV NRPWy sR|msszqssxmsVRV,RNRPLiysgjixqsW \|qslLis V
%sRVLixmsNRPxqsVs xmsVRV,LigjiFsRLi RxmssxqsLji@LiVVsxmsVRV DRRVLixqs%dsVzmsLiLij.

 RVLiINRP sW NSRV. xmsLRiVlgiRVR Vsy s |msLRi[NPT sLiRVRVsaRPRVso

RVLi.@xmsLjiR\sVs sV NTPLRiRVN][s RVxmsosVRRLi RVLi.BLRiVNRPV[ ygji
\|qslLis Vxqs%dsVzmsLiRys %ssRLi RVLi.
RgSDLij. DRRVNSxmsoR. %dsj xmsR srLij.R N]LRiVNRPVLi[Lij.NRPsVWs Wds
@LiVVLij.
xmsLRiVlgi[N S, RLRigS LRiRVNRPVLiVsRVxmsoW, gRiVxqsgRiVxqsW!|msLRi[
@LiRV[s@LRiVxmsoV, RVxmsTszmsVc GRVxqsW@LRiVxqsW!
sVW,[ BLRiVNRPV,[ dNRP[ygjis dsRV.
NSsLiklLi[T W NSyLiVyRVc BLiNS Ax @LiVVFRVsyssR s
xmsysNTP.sVLki s gRiVLixmsoLiNSyLSRVRVyLiVV. BxmsVRVFdxqsV hki
V,V, V!RxmsVN][LiT. FyLjiFLiT.%dsVLRiV sWNRPV NSy. ]LjiNTPFNRPLiT.N]s
RVxmsoVJLRigS LRiRVNRPVyLiVV.sVLjiN]sLis xmsxqsVR Li\|ms[LiVVgS Ds
aRPRVsosLiRLigS LRiVryR V.Tg][ s[VVNRPVLiVyRV.NRPsVWs sVLRiLiLij.
RVjrysLi}msqs U NSLiryL`i=sR , sVLi[ sVgRiVRVs|msR @ORPQLS[ BLSzqs
DLij:
""xqssWsVVNRPsWLiryLRiLi s[s so.''
AsbdPR rLiRLRiLi[,%sRNRPVsRsLi[ BLiN][ LiVVB LSzqsLij.
""LSys[ s[s V ZNP[DysV!''
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ysVxmsORPQ aRPNRPVNUP,NSLjiNRP xqsLixmsn WNUP, @s LSNUPRVxmsOSQNUP, @LiRLRiV xmsNUP,RxmsV][
sLiTsINRP s |ms [INRP LS @Liy NRPVNRPVs@LiRLSRgRi @ZaP[xtsQydsNSsNUP!
NRPsVWsINRP xmsoso. sgjiF[Vxmsoso. saRPLRi\sVsxmsoso. rysLSsVN][[LiVVLij,
%sxtsQRVs VlgiVRVNRPVLij.
xqsLixmssVLiVVsxms yRVNRPVV,RLjiFLiVVs%sxms y WTRsVR LjiLis yLRiV,
LRiVRVLiRgSs[VVNRPVLiVyLRiV.

DRRVLiGRV gRiLi[VxqsLjiNTPNRPsVWsxqs V FyLki |qsNRPLkiy N`P L][ztsQ

LSxqsLixmsn VssVLiTLi, FyLik ][yVsVxmsNRPLiRysNTPzqsR sVsoyRV.
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FyRAaRPRWNRPy sVVLiRVNTPxmsRVRV sRVLiR Vxmsszrj .
rsVyLRiLiyRV;[aPR sVLiRryLRiNRP xqssV. FyLjiqs[LiR\sVsxms xmsRLRi+sLi.@s
ysVxmsOSQW @NRPRVLiLiVV.@LiR AsLi][y=V!FsgjilLi[ FsLRiLiyV.

]%sVj
aSxqssxqs WLiR Vy yNRPaS@LiVVsxmsVRV,
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aSxqssxqs V NSy.
({msn JTRWs j[VL`i)
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Axms srys sVLi sVLRi ssVL][xmsR @sLiryR V.rLSssV RVyxmsNSLRiLi%syLiR V
saRPLi RVRLi.
NSs,RLRiVLi gS %sVLiFLiVVLij.
RRLRiLigRiLiA FyLRiLi sVLiVVLij.
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%dsR V[ xmsRLRi+sLi rygjiryLiVV c xmsaSLiRLigS,NRPsVR LigSs[V INRP[ [k lgi[.NSs C ryLji
ysNTP INRP xms[NRPRDLij. C ryLji C xmsRLRi+sLi""FdxqsV RsVsNSLiR''NRPV slLi[NPR LigS
LRiVgRiVRVLij.
FdxqsVNSs=s[xtsQs NSLims [s sR .sRVL][R VRVs%syLiR VV
sWsVWVxmsxmsLiRLi[sNTP IN]NRPlLi[%sRVRLiVV sxqsVyLRiV.
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szmsV RURxmsVRW[NPR VLiy |qss=RVL`i sR ,\|qssV= syds,ryzR

sydsANRP%sVLiyLRiV.
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|msVNRPVLij.
ryLRiNRPxqssV %sxtsQR VLi[s WBLi[.
@s|msR xms[s WElLi[gjiLixmsoV. Fs[ sVR LRiNRPLixms[s W,y
gSsW[ s WNRPWy.
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xmsLRiVNRPVzqsgiR W, gRiVT yNTPjgSQLid, @LiR Li[xqsVNRPVs yNTPAgRixsVW NRPgjiLiyLiVV.Gk
\|msNTP NRPsRNRPFLiVVy WNRPLixmsxmso ZNPLRiV W%sVs ]sV\|ms|msRV NRPjFLiVVLij.s
y][RVNRPV][Lij [aPR Li.RsV aRPWsLi[R V yRVNRPVsN]s Dxts QxmsORPVV
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@RLi][R QXxts Q\sVss[V[ xqsLiRLS[NPR szmsLi[ %sds\sVsFyLjiqs sgRiLSNSaRPLi NTPLiR,
xmsxmsgRisVgRiV[ RWs`xmsdsNRPsVWgRiV%sVgRiWRV][Lij.
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sVLi.
[Lij @Liy RLRiNRPV jgji[d NRPV yaRPssVsoyLiVV.
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sLiTFLiVVLij.
sLRi sWysjLjiLi, %sxtsQRV N][xqsLiFLSTs RVVsR sQ\sVs WRNSsNTPFyxmsxts Q
[zqsLij.
NSsBj ORPQj xmsRLRi. sVx[R =sLi.
RWsRQWFys ALji FsLRiLRiV.
%dsR V"[ "xms''. NTPNUP[ WLiR Vy xms.
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sVRgRiVLRiVsoVNRPWy [R W,[R VW NRPzmsxLiygS sRVxqsVyLRiV.

FyLik sVsVxtsvV, RVWsRVssVsVxtsvV, s[VysoVNRPWy. @RVR LigS DLijElLi[gij Lixmso.
@s ElLi[gij Lixmsolgi[.@Li[NSRV. @sLids%sVLiFLiVVLij.
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FyLiyW@RVxmso[ DLiR aRPNRPLiNSsLiRgS LRigRiRVRVsVFns
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NSNSNRPV kLjis NSsNRPVNRPV, %saSxqsFyR\sVsrysqs RVLRiLigRiLi[NPT jgS.
xmsjORPQ sVLij xms][FdxqsVV FLSR[LiR VNS, xmsj ORPQsVLij xmsVxms VR
sysVxqsVVsogS ANRP%sVLiRgRiLRiV.NS, RNTPR xms VR WRLixmsj
ORPQsVLijs NS RLixmsszqsLijgSDRL iR VRV[R V.Bj FsLiRLjiN][ xqsxts QLigS
NRPsRVRVsxqsRLi. @LiRVZNP[ NRPsVWsxqs VW,RVWsRVs W RsVxmsxmsFdxqsVVgS
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|qsLiVVLi\sV[ LRixyLji[LiR gSs[, %syLiR V`{qsNRPLiR V %dsj FLS[ s W,
FdxqsV}qsxtsQs [s W gSRVxmsR NSs[V` N][xqsLi saRP+LiFyLiys %szms[ryLiVV.
@LiRsaRP+Li.
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sVVgjiLiRVRVyLRiV.[R VgS zmsVLRiVssoRVyLRiV.s}mnsL`i NRPWRsR LS
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RNRPRsNTPsVxms %syLiR VW,szmsWDyLRiV. INRP `{qsNRPL`isVLiT
%ssU%ssRsVxmsNRPs; ""Bxts Q\sVsy %ss|qs sR NRPV FsRV.%syLiR VLS!
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RsdVNRPVs @sR\sxmsoNRPV sysVV.@NRPR sVs
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sWL`i=gSlLisjaRPgS, Czmsn sL`isR INRP FyLRiV. ANRPV xmsRs A RRVLRiVxmsoxqs Li[

xqsRLiRV,xqssVLRiWR VxqssWs[aPR Li aSxqssxqs gSsWLRiV][Lij.
sxqssVWxLiNRPWLRiVs DLij. %sVLiVsWRVRVyLRiV;rygjis ElLi[gjiLixmso gRiWLji,
rygRi[[VFLSLi gRiVLjiLi.
EyLRiLigRiVANSaRPLi.
dNRPxmsRVRVsN]k xqsRLiR xms@s xqssWs[aS[gSs[ IZNP[ INRP
NRPLRi s LisVVLiRVN]Lij.
""rLSs!'' (rLSs\sxmsogS)
@[VysLis NTPLiRsaRPLigS FdxqsVVyNRPVyLRiV. xmsRLRi+sNRPVNTPRLi LS %dsLjis
sNSLSL`i sVLid, rLSssVLid DxmsxqsLixLjiLiyLRiV.BLiNS y NRP[ DLiRLRiVNRPy.
C%sR LigS %syLiR VVRsV N][V lgiVRVNRPVyLRiV.FyLik W, RVWsRVs W,RsV
xmsRLRi+sLisLRizLiRVN]s,RsV \|qssRsVNSFyRVNRPVyLiVV. @aRPLkiLRi xms VRLiRs
RLSsNSFyRVNRPVLij.
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NSLjiNRPVW,%syLiR VW RgiR LRiN]yLRiV. FsNRP][ RVLRiVgSRxms, xqsLRiy FdxqsV[s WRsVW
NRPgjiLiRVN][[R V.Fs[ ][ FdxqsVNSLSRW[ s[LjiZNP[R V sLjiLiRVNRPVyLRiV.
xqssVxqsLiRXzms NRPgjiLisV@LiZNPV VRVyLiVV.@j RVWsRVs zmsVxmso xmsNSLRiLi rygjis
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xmsj
@sVgRiVR,RVs R
gSLSR, sVsLiRLjiNTPR
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rLSs:s[VL`i R=zqs=sW,s[VL`i @sWzqs=sW,s[VL`i [ry.
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LiyVlLiLiRV c FsLRi%s, WLiR VysV RV|msysNTP;ss%s, WLiR Vy XRVsV@sgS

[V[xqs Rxmso NSLiR W,xXRRVLi[FdxqsV xmsRNRPLi DsNRPsVWsxqs VsV RV|msysNTP.
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xmsLi FsxmsVRW gSLRisVsoRVLij. yNTPxXRRW[R xms sVR [s o.
sVWLiR VgRiVLixmso.
RLRidxqsVN]sRLi[ xmsLiNRPWRRV. INRP zmsxqsLRiV RLjiLixmsoNRPWy LRiLigRiLjiLi A
RLRisVxqssVLjiLiy. NRPsVWsxqsVVLiVVgS LigjiFyLRiVc sTsVLiRxmsozqsLjixmss
ygRi.yNTP NSszqsLijxqsLRiVNRPVV, ryLizmsn VNRP sVLSR.sVWLRiVV!
FnysV=sVLRiOTPQLiRsRV. (@sTg][ @LiRy)

Tg][\|qsys RWysNTPsR V. NRPryLiVVsX[s os y NRPWy sVWLRiV[. BjsLRi[

INRPryLji ysxmnsQpV=s [zqssLiRVNRPRRVORPQ%sVryR V.
[sc [s. LRisxms[aPR Li. }qsysVVsV}qsysNTP RL i@LiLRiV.
ylLiLi][s VLij [LiR V. INRP |msTZNPRVsVLij. @LiVV[ G sV}qsydsLi][
sWRs[VLiVVLiR[R V.@gSLiRLRiVNTP @bPNRPRLisoLij. sNTPxzqsR Li.sFRVsNTP
{qsRW,spx sLSrysVLiR QLi. B][ RVVR Li@LiVVy NSRV, INRP
sRLiVVLixmso, RsV}qssNRPV ys[V RVxmsTsxqsRVLi sxmsoLixqsNRPV\srylLiLiQ %dsVR
sxmsWgRiLi.
NRPsVWsxqsVNTP%syLRiLiNRPs xqsLi][xtsQs[VNRPVgRiVRVLij c RsVFyLik [ LRiVgRiVVBLiR][
@LiRsVsoRVLiRs.
Tg][N]Li[ sR V.LiNRPVV xqsLjixR VsVyVyLiVV. DysLi[@RRWlLi[giR VyRV.
LiNRPVVxqsLji\Vs ryyx[qsLiR VN][s ysNTP LSRLiyxmsRVRVLij.
@Rs ssxmso g][R RVWxmsyLRi ryR y xqsVkLSLigRiVVs[RVyLiVV.
sWLRiV[sRLjiR sRFRVLij.sVsVxtsv[ sWLRiVyLRiV.NSs sVsVxtsvV sVWLiR VV.
FyLjiqs[lLiLiRVORPQ \|msVNRPVg]lLiV ""xms xms VRLiNSy''iLiW %dsR Va[ SLiRVVR
xmsRLRi+s[aSLiVV. AaRPgjisxms sVsztsQ,sVLiyRV, sVLi[FnysV= yyNRP
xms VRLiNSyyRV. \|qssNRPVNTPzqsR LigS DLiRsVsNRPVLRiV sLij.
sLRiLiR \|qssNRPVV c y sVVNRPVNRPL<iR NRP NSLjiNRP sLSNRPVLijs zqsFyLiVV][s W,%syLij
A{msn xqsLRi][s WsLiTs }qss @RVxmso[soLij.
LSxysoTgSsoLij. LRiORPQNPR \|qssNRPVV@LiR %sVLki gRiWxmsosVLSNTPLS
xmsosLRis{qs NRPLjixqsVyLRiV.NRPVV FyLjiqs%dsVRsVVxqsVLRiVNRPVLiLiVV.
xmsRLRi+sxmso FsRVgiR RV.@%s FsRVLRiV LRigRisRV.
NRPsVWsxqsVV,DxmsWgRixms[ sVWLiR VV,FsLiR xqsV LigSryRVLi [aSL][ @LiR
xqsV LigSjgjiFgRiLRiV. NSs sVL][DxmsRsLi c BR%sVR sVsxms[sjRgiR LRixms[
gRiVLij.Tg][ BxmsVRV sbPLiRgSsRFRVyRV.DxtsQ:NSLi Axqss sVLiVVLij.

BLRi\s
RVLi][AxqsVV NSFyRVNRPVLiWsVXRVso[%sLi[y .......
s[VLisVd sryLi
(|qss=RVL`i,FdxqsV ANRPsVLjigjis LS LSzqss|RLjiNRP)
LRiORPQ\|qssNRPVV gSs[ xmss[aSLRiV. g][xqs V FyLki|qsNRPLki L]xmsp` NS
ERVyRV.""xmsuy LSN][xqsLi NSLjiNRPVVxqssV [xqsVyLRiV.@sgS NRPsVWsxqs V FyLik N][xqsLi.
|mnsLi xmsNRPV\ LRisVW, AR%saSxqssVW NSy. LjixmsN`Pxms VRLi %sR LixqsNRPRLRiNRPV
LigjiFRV.sLiRLigS gRi sVNRPVLiysVs[ NRPVFsLi][ NSLi rygRiso....''
}qsysVVRsV xmsRNSNRPVsVLRiVgRiV |msRVyLRiV. B RsV xsVWNRPV
|qsLiVLSxqsVNRPVLiLRiV. FyLS \|qssNRPVVsVWxmsR RVWsFnyLSNRPVFyLi FryLiR V. uyxmso
RVsWsVVzmsLiR sVyLRiV][s WRVyLRiV.
Tg][|NSxms L`i N]Li[s VLiRV L[ ij Lij.
FyLjiqsF~s[VLRi[ N]srysLS[LiR LRiRVNRPVsVxqsxts QLigS NRPszmsrLij.
lLi[T WVN]LixmsLiVNRPVsVaRPV %sVLiRVRVyLiVV.
16syLiR V rL`iQ= NSLiR NRPV |ms[V]LjiNTPLij. Tg][ 1c30 NTPsWRVyRV.Fs{qs gSlLi s V
zqsLigSLjiLiRVNRPVLiVyLiVV.
4c30NTP Tg][ jLjiryR V.xms%sR RVVR LiFyLRiLiryR V. RVLi][AxqsVV
NSFyRsVLiWsVXRVso[%sLi[ y xmsRLRi+sLi FyLRiLi sVLiVVLijc
sRVWsFnyLSV R LjiLisFdxqsVV NSFyRVRVLiRgS,ys N][ V R LjiLisFdxqsVV yLji
RWxmsoRVLiRgSc WV NS ][msn \lLiVN]RVRW |mslLi[` [ryLRiV.
y RVLi s[j|mnsLi LiysVF~RVgRiVRVLij.
RsVVNRPVLiRVNRPVs[yFyLRiLi RsVV gRiVLjiLiRVN][s RLi@s[ LRiWxmso R LjixqsVLij.
sR sxmssVV [zqsssVVzqsy ,[V NSgjiyV xmsVNRPVsy ][ xmsVNRPVN]s
jgRiVyLRiV. D RVVd@LiRLRiLigjiNRP VW,}qssNRPVW RgiR LRiVLiTsTzmsryLRiV.

xqsVLRiOTPQR LigS|msLjigjis ][ xmsVRVFyds RW][s W,Bs

xqsLi[][s V%sxtsQxmspLjiyRWLiVV.
[s oRVxmsryjLis AzqsxNRPV xtsQyRVVsoDxqsLi][ %sxtsQxmspLjiR sVLiVVLij.
r~LiR@j NSLSLiNS DyRVs@LRiVxqsW Fs{qs gSlLiQs [sNTP%sV%sV[aPR Ws NRPsRLi
xmss[bPxqsVLij. WyV, dsRV.RVLiy NSsVLiRVxqsLiysLi %ds . FyzqsN`PLRiWxmsLi ys
xmszqsT[giR sxqsV. RWLRiLisVLi @LRiVxmsoV %sszmsrLi[ds sVLiTg][ bPLRi: NRPLixmssLi
[ryR V.gRiLiV sVgSgRiRVryLiVV.
RVLi][xqssVztsQ xqsLig[ iR Li. WRV@LRiVxmsoLji[ rLRiV=NSLiR V jgRiT FRWLiVV.FdxqsV
sVLiRrysVVAFyRVLigS |msLis NRPVLRi][VsVV.
ALjirs[ W%sV[VL`i. [xxmsoWLSV. DF~Ligjis NSLRiVNRP.
yLRiLiRgiR LRi NRPsVWsxqs VVsWsosVLiWsVNRPVRW. rLSsBLiNS s[s oLij.
LSd,LRisVW. RVWssLji+[,FnyNPR Lki[ AaRP# [ sAaRPV. zqs... LSRVLSsVsVd
ALRiLixqsVLij.NRPsVWsxqs V FyLik NSLjiNRPsLiR LigRiVLjiLid, [ gRiVLjiLid;FssNRP gRiVLjiLid,
JgRiVLjiLid; FnysV= gRiVLjiLid,[ gRiVLjiLid sWRVRVLij.
zqs.RVmsn ..T.s[ NRPLRiVRVNRPVLiWFsW [RV.%sV LSLi` sWVNRPNRPVyRV.
gSxqs VVFLRi RsVGLSV [ryLiR V. sWrNTPDxmsaSLic Tg][ N][xqsLigS.
yztsQLigRisRVLi N][LiR VRVLijTg][NTP. |msNTPLig`i ][xRWLSLRiRVRVLij.
zmsn ssR sLRiLiR VNSLjiNRP aRPNTP gRiVLjiLid, xmsxmsn VsgRiVLjiLid sWRVyLRiV.
@js[V s 31 s [k ,%s=s yLSLiRLi.
@j NSLRiLisVs |ms[][rysLi [LiVVxqsVLij.sVVsVVRxqssV zmsZNP %dsVRFdxqsVV
yT [ryLiR V.RVWsRVs V RLRiRLRigS@sVVRV FyLiVV.
ryRVLiNSsNTPFsNPT Qzqs,gSqs. ALji ARVVR Li.
xXRRW[ WLiR VyLiVVs y NTPxmsRs xmsLi F~\sxmso sV sxtsQQsV.
xmsN][xqsLisoQQLi` uyxmsoV LRiVRVNRPVLiLiVV.

gRisLRisVLiW,RVWsRVs W, NSsVLiRVW,@Liy xms N][xqsLi FyVxms[y .[

[s RWRLRiVryLiR V. ""FssNRPLi[][xLi'' @s.
lLi[T WV@ysW, xqsLRixqsLigkiyds xqsLRixmsn LS [ryLiVV.
xmsyLRiryR y xmsyRV RsVNTPLRisV sVsxqsV=[ssVR VLRi aRPWsLiQ\sxmsp,sVR VLS
sVR VLRi\sVsaRPLkiLRi xqsV \sxmsp xmsxqsLjiryLiVVcRVFyNTPgRiV .
zmsn ssR INRP sVRVxmsNUP, FdxqsVV yT[ryLiR V.sLRiLiR W, [s RWRW
ALjiLjiZNP[R V @j L][zryLiR Vc\RsLi][,AgRixLi][.
RsVsNSLiR,s[R s, saRP+QQNPR R ,%dsLSs[aPR Li, xmsxmsn Vs,R . RLjiRs[giR Li Rgij xqsVLij.NRPLiRVN][
rLSsFsLRiLiy FsgRilLi[xqsVLij.INRP xqsFysNTP Lik, BxmsVRVLRiORPQ[sj.
sLRiLiR VFnyNRPLkiNRPV NRPRVVRVyLRiV.|msVT RWsWsLi[sFnyNPR LkiNRPV.
LiTN]sVN][sysNTP aRPsVs@sVVN][s RLi.
%sVgjiLijNRPszmsLiRRV, xmssVsxqsV=[ soLiVLij.
L] LkiRV@LiVVRV\|msxqsV |msLRiVgRiVRVLij.
BLiRVsRVFyRV
NSLjiNRPsLiR Li,WLiR Vy
C NTPLijyNRPV sWLjissLRiRsLi:
Fs)aRPsVaRPNTP s RsNRPgS@sVVNRPVs ZNP[y.
)xqsRVFyRW xmsLjizqs RV[ s W,ryy[ s W xmss[xqsW""'' [yV
xmsLiRVNRPVs[y .
|msVT
xmsNRPXssWLRigRi xmsLjiNRPLSsVRRWLRiV [}qsLiRVNRPVFsxmsNRPxmsVRV RsVysV
F~TgjiLiRVNRPVs[s sxqs.

gRiLjixts Qs xqsWR s%sVRL i @j xqsLixmsyRVzqsR \sVsNSLjiNRP sLiR Li ({msTRVV),WLiR Vy sLiR Li

({msRNRPVV)@s[ lLiLiRV sLSsVxqsXzts QLiLij. @ RVRLi[R s %syaRPysNTP ys[yLji
GLSV [zqsLij.NSLjiNRPVV, WLiR VyD RVVW BxmsVRV|msVTNTP yxqsVLiVVDyLRiV.
D RVVWys[ gRiLjiR \sVsA[aSNRPV bPLRixqsV sLiRVNRPVyLRiV.D RVVW RsV%sysV
ys[VaSzqsLiRVN][ys N][LiR VRVyLRiV.%dsLRiV xmsRQOPR Q RLRiyLSC xmss RVsRV.RyLS
|msVTxmsLjiFysNRPV sVWyLS\slLiLiRV RVLiysV(xms VRsVW,R ssVW)
LRiR VRVsRV.|msVTNTP (ys%sxqsLiR LRiWxms\sVs Li][xqs) BxmsVRV
LRiORPQNPR VV[s LiRVsys L][V RgiR LRixmsyLiVV.
NSsVLiRVV
INRPxmsVRV|msVTVVNRPxmsys sLiR RWsV[}qsyLRiVcys RVLiysV(xms VRLic
@sgSLSNUPRWsV, R sLic @sgS ALij NSds) @RVxmso[DLiRVNRPVsyLRiV. BxmsVU
@LiRLSssVso][Lij.ys ryys gSxmsn QoW,NRPLixmspLiR W dxqsVNRPVsgRiLjixts Q sV[
sLiR RWsVxqssVNRPWLRiVRVyLiVV.
RsVysV F~TgjiLiRVNRPVs[ssxqs NRPV yLRixqsRLiFg]VNRPVsyLRiV.
sWRsNSLjiNRPVV
F~[,FnyNPR Lki[, A{msn xqsV[,[lLi[Lki[,@lLi[Lji[xmss[}qs
@LiRsVLijds.aRPsVaRPNTP s @sVVNRPVsZNP[y (N]LiRLRiV xqsVLigS, N]LiRLRiVBLiRV][).
RsV@sxqsLSsV |mnsWztsQLiRysNUP,RsV BuysV@sVxqsLjiLiRysNUP, RsVNSLiORPQsV
sLRis[LiR VN][s ysNUP,@ryLRiLi [sy .ysVV LijsNRPVVLisNTP yLjigSs
gRisVLigSdsAaRPV gSs sLiR LiVVLiR[sy.
NRPsVWsxqsVFyLik , zqs... ByRVV
FyRNSLjiNRP sLiR xmso xmsLjizqs RVsVsVLRiVgRiV xmsLRiRysNTP GLRiR xqsLixqs V. FyR
WLiR VyLiVVsxmsRg]ysNTP %dsLiVVsARVVyV. BxmsVRVxmsRysxqs [
Ds|msVTyLki xmssR V[[R VV NRPVxmsoRVyLRiV.sWRs ssxqs [ysVV
@LiRLSsLiNSNRPRxmsRs RVs[VBLiRVNRPV NSLRiLi.
xmsyLRiryR yV
N]RN SLjiNRPVV RsV sxqsRysgRiVLjiL iRVN][NPR VLiRysNUP,RsV sVxqsVN][
NRPVLiRysNUPxmss[}qs DxmsNRPLRiV.@Li[NSNRP N]R NSLjiNRPVsVaSaRPRLigS

gRi][s W,yxqsxXRRV][s WsVVLi yLjiAxqsV][s[ yLjiNTP xqsLiZNP s[}qs

xmsssVVV. FyRTBxmsVRV aRPWsQ\sVsRLi(LSLigRiLi,R sLi) @Li[ %sxmsLkiR\sVs NTP.
RsVRsV sQQNPT g iR R %sxtsQRV xms RVLi; xqs%sVzts Q %sxtsQRV%sd VR@xqs[ AaRPV [s o.
RVVsRLRiLi
yLjiRQLi@Li[ RVsW,HaRPLRiLi, (Azqs) @Li[ NUP [syLRiV.s[LiR Vs[LiR V \RsryLiVV[ %ds
cs[ ssxqssVNRPsVxmsR [FsxmsNRPxmsVRV xqsyVRVRLi yLSRsV %sxtsQRVs VRsV
[R VN[ PT dxqsVN]sNRP RxmsRsVxqsVNRPVsyLRiV.%dsLji[ [s RWRNTPsVLki gS VxqsVc G
xmsR RVyLS,G RLRiyLS C xqsyVxqsLRiaRPNTP s LiRLi RVsRVss.
xqsxmsLi
|msVTds,ys dsLRiR V RVRLicyszxqs=QLiR WFyLiVVsLSLigSds
R ydsLRiR V RVRLi.
NSLjiNRPV(sWRs NSLjiNRPV)@sWLiVV{tsQ c @j NSLRiLi@xmsgjiLiRRsVs[j [R V.
FsxmsNRPxmsVRVxmssj sLSxqs V sLiR RWVdxqsVN][y.
FsslLisLji@LRiVs ,@sxqsLRi\sVs aRPsV][@LiRLRiW NRPzqs xmss[ryLiR V.
(RVLiy%dsVR@sWLiVV{tsQ NSsRV,aRPLkiLRiNRPxts QLi NSsRV.)
aRPLkiLRiaRPsVNUP(@s[j DLi[),sWszqsNRP aRPsVNUP FsVsLi [ R sVW DLiRRV.
sWszqsNRPaRPsV[, @sxqsLRi\sVsxmsVRV,@LiRLRiW FyLiLRiV. aRPLkiLRiaRPsVs @LiRLRiW
xmsLiRVNRPVLiLRiV.xqsRVLi sLiR RWj NSLRiLis sVxmsIR VV (LSLigRisVW,R ssVW)
@xqs%sVLi@LiRLSssVsoyLiVV.
A RLSRBLiNS NRPs|msszqssxXRRV ssW,sWRy[R sW.
[s RWRV
RVVsRLRiLi(N]LiRLRiV NSLRiV), sLRiLiR W xqs WLiW(N]LiRLRiV NSLRiV) G][ ryLiVV
Dy=xLi][s W,@sgSxs][s WxqsFys RLji+Li, ysyxqss Li RVysNTPRLRi
dxqsVNRPVLiLRiV.sWLSV @sLiRLi.y[ N]s @RsxqsLRiLi.
LRiRyNRPLi

NRPRdsyRVNRP\sVsj,sVd LjizmsLiR[sj.
sVLjids,FnysV= IZNP[ INRP [aPR Li, NSsFnysV= ILiLjij NSRV.
xqsLiR VVzxqs=QLiR WFyV,%sxms y xqsLiLSRLSR yLjiRNRPdsLRixqsyV, %sxms s
yxNRPVsVsL][j LiR[s o.ys aRPRVsosVNTPNRPVLjiLiR[s o.
FssLRiWEzLiR[sjLjigjisxmsVRV, @xqsLi sLiNRPszmsLi[[][ @xqs%dsVxmsLi[ DLiVLij.
ysNTPxqsWRsV @s[NPR Li.
sVV|msyL`i%dsj , FyLjiqs c5
xqsLixmsn VsVLjigjis sLis[,
s,1968