New

Inside Out
Upper intermediate
Companion
Dutch 1st Edition

Sue Kay, Vaughan Jones & Jill Leatherbarrow

Welcome to the New Inside Out Upper intermediate Companion!

What information does the New Inside Out Companion give you?
a summary of key words and phrases from each unit of New Inside Out Upper intermediate
Students Book
pronunciation of the key words and phrases
translations of the key words and phrases
sample sentences showing the words and phrases in context
a summary of the Grammar Extra Reference from New Inside Out Upper intermediate Students Book

(art) article

(phr v) phrasal verb

(m) masculine

(v)

verb

(pron) pronoun

(pl n) plural noun

(v*)

irregular verb

(prep) preposition

(adv) adverb

(adj) adjective

(det) determiner

(conj) conjunction

(n)

(f) feminine

noun

Vowels and dipHthongs

//
/i/
/U/
/u/
/e/
//
//
//
//
//

big fish
green beans
should look
blue moon
ten eggs
about mother
learn words
short talk
fat cat
must come

/b f/
/grin binz/
/d lk/
/blu mun/
/ten egz/
/bat m/
/ln wdz/
/t tk/
/ft kt/
/mst km/

Consonants
//
//
//
/e/
//
//
//
/e/
/a/
/a/

calm start
hot spot
ear
face
pure
boy
nose
hair
eye
mouth

/km stt/
/ht spt/
//
/fes/
/pj/
/b/
/nz/
/he/
/a/
/ma/

/p/
/b/
/t/
/d/
/t/
/d/
/k/
/g/
/f/

/v/
//
//

pen
bad
tea
dog
church
jazz
cost
girl
far
voice
thin
then

/pen/
/bd/
/ti/
/dg/
/tt/
/dz/
/kst/
/gl/
/ fr/
/vos/
/n/
/ en/

/s/
/z/
//
//
/m/
/n/
//
/h/
/l/
/r/
/w/
/j/

snake
noise
shop
measure
make
nine
sing
house
leg
red
wet
yes

/snek/
/noz/
/p/
/mer/
/mek/
/nan/
/a/
/has/
/leg/
/red/
/wet/
/jes/

Unit 1

(page 4)

adopt a child
/dpt ald/
Madonna and her husband adopted a child from Malawi, called David
een kind adopteren

Banda.
annoy (v)
/n/ It
annoys Belinda that some people think the royal family had
ergeren

something to do with Dianas death.
promotie
ascent (n)
/sent/ Someones
ascent to stardom is the way in which they progress

towards or achieve fame.
kritiek opleveren
attract criticism
/trkt krtsz()m/ The
adoption attracted criticism from people who felt Madonna had

used her fame to fast-track it.
bleken
bleach (v)
/bli/
People who bleach their hair use a special product to make it blonde.
zo slim als een vos
as bright as a button
/z brat z bt()n/ Someone
who is as bright as a button is very intelligent.
de schouders eronder zetten When you buckle down, you start to work hard to achieve something.
buckle down (phr v)
/bk()l dan/
kalmeren
calm down (phr v)
/km dan/ Dont
get so angry just calm down!
betreffende haar loopbaan
career-wise (adj)
/krwaz/
Career-wise, Madonna is as successful now as shes ever been.
beroemdheid
celebrity (n)
/slebrti/
Madonna is not just a celebrity shes a real pop icon.
liefdadige organisatie
charity (n)
/rti/
Princess Diana raised a lot of money for charity.
koud
chilly (adj)
/li/
Chilly is a word that means cold.
iemand muilkorven
collar (v)
/kl/ If
you collar someone, you find someone and force them to talk or

listen to you.
versterker
consolidator (n)
/knsldet/
When we say that Madonna is a consolidator of trends, we mean she

makes them more popular and well known.
polemiek
controversy (n)
/kntrvsi; kntrvsi/
Madonna is no stranger to controversy and has shocked many people

over the years.
A cowgirl is a girl or woman whose job is to look after cows on a ranch.
koeienhoedster
cowgirl (n)
/kagl/
criticism (n)
/krtsz()m/
Criticism is a comment or comments that you think something is
kritiek

wrong or bad.
to date
/t det/
To date is an expression meaning until now.
tot op heden
death (n)
/de/
Belinda thinks that Dianas death was a tragic accident.
dood
distinctive (adj)
/dstktv/ Something
that is distinctive is easy to recognize because it is different
onderscheidend

from other things.

dreadful (adj)
/dredf()l/
vreselijk
Im sorry were so late the traffic was dreadful.
earth mother (n)
/ m/ An
aardmoeder
earth mother is someone who prefers natural methods of living

and likes to look after people.
steeds in ontwikkeling
ever-evolving (adj)
/evrvlv/ Something
that is ever-evolving changes all the time and stays

fashionable.
buitengewoon
exceptionally (adv)
/ksep()nli/
Madonna is an exceptionally talented singer.
een bestaande look
an existing look
/n gzst lk/
Madonna picks up on an existing look and makes it her own.
uiteen barsten
explode (v)
/kspld/
At midnight, fireworks exploded across the sky it was spectacular.
tot over je nek in het werk
be up to your eyes in sth
/bi p t jr az n
If you are up to your eyes in work, you are extremely busy.

/sm/
roem
fame (n)
/fem/
Some people felt Madonna had used her fame to fast-track the

adoption.
speelfilm
feature film (n)
/fi flm/ A
feature film is a film that is made for the cinema.
inpassen
fit in (phr v)
/ft n/
Madonna was different and didnt fit in with the popular group.
geisha
geisha (n)
/ge/ A
geisha is a Japanese woman, whose job is to entertain men.
genie
genius (n)
/inis/ A
genius is someone who is extremely clever or talented.
wereldomvattend
global (adj)
/glb()l/ Something
that is global is well known all over the world.
gracieus
gracefully (adv)
/gresf()li/ If
you do something gracefully, you do it in a quiet way without

drawing attention to yourself.
hoogtepunt
highlight (n)
/halat/
Seeing the Great Wall was the highlight of Danas trip to China.
liften
hitchhike (v)
/hhak/
Madonna hitchhiked to New York with $35 in her pocket.
opjagen
hound (v)
/hand/
If journalists hound a famous person, they do not leave them alone.
reusachtig
huge (adj)
/hju/
Watching the first man land on the Moon made a huge impression

on Alec.
icoon
icon (n)
/akn/
Madonna is not just a celebrity shes a real pop icon.
iconisch
iconic (adj)
/aknk/
How did Madonna achieve her iconic status?
de sleutel tot
the key to sth
/ ki t sm/
She realised that marketing was the key to her success.
joch
kid (n)
/kd/ A
kid is an informal word meaning a child.
balletpakje
leotard (n)
/litd/ A
leotard is a tight piece of clothing that people wear when they


dance or exercise.
aanhoudend
lingering (adj)
/lgr/ A
lingering kiss is one that lasts for quite a long time.
terugzien
look back (phr v)
/lk bk/ She
had her first hit with Holiday in 1984 and has never looked back.
Something that is mainstream is used, liked, or accepted by most people.
voornaamste trend
mainstream (adj)
/menstrim/

make an impression on sb
/mek n mpre()n n/
indruk maken
Watching the first man land on the Moon made a huge impression on

/smbdi/
Alec.
verkopen
market (v)
/mkt/
Madonna is brilliant at marketing her image.
maagstreek
midriff (n)
/mdrf/
Your midriff is the front part of your body between your waist and

your chest.
millennium feesten
millennium celebrations (n pl) /mlenim The
millennium celebrations took place on 31st December 1999.

selbre()nz/
gedenkwaardig
momentous (adj)
/mments/ A
momentous event is extremely important.
maanlanding
moon landing (n)
/mun lnd/ The
first moon landing was the occasion on which the first man

walked on the Moon.
moederschap
motherhood (n)
/mhd/
Madonna has three children and enjoys motherhood.
ondoordacht
off-the-cuff (adj)
/fkf/ An
off-the-cuff remark is one that you make without planning it or

thinking about it.
achter de coulissen
off stage
/f ste/
Off stage is an expression for describing what an actor or singer is

really like when they are not performing.
op het toneel
on stage
/n ste/
Madonna has known controversy both on stage and off stage.
de pers
the press (n)
/ pres/
The press is an expression meaning newspapers and magazines, or the

people who work for them.
reageren op iets
pick up on sth (phr v)
/pk p n sm/ If
you pick up on something, you notice it and react to it.
trots zijn op
pride yourself on sth
/prad jself n sm/
Madonna prides herself on her ever-evolving look, style and sound.
trots
proud (adj)
/prad/
The fireworks were spectacular I felt proud to be Australian.
de beste in ...
the queen of ...
/ kwin v/
A woman who is known as the queen of an activity is very good at

that activity.
geld inzamelen
raise money (for sth)
/rez mni (f sm) / Princess
Diana raised a lot of money for charity.
herinneren
recall (v)
/rkl/
You recall Madonnas career as a series of images.
muzikant
recording artist (n)
/rkd tst/ A
recording artist is a professional singer.
registreren als
register sth (as sth) (v)
/rest sm (z
In 1979 she registered Madonna as a trademark.

/sm) /
niet op iemand lijken
bear no resemblance to sb
/be n rzemblns t/ If
someone bears no resemblance to another person, they do not look


smbdi/
like that person at all.
de Koninklijke familie
the royal family (n)
/ rl fm()li/
Belinda doesnt think the royal family had anything to do with Dianas

death.

eigendunk
self-esteem (n) (TS)
/selfstim/
Clothes that are clean and neat say that you care about yourself and

have good self-esteem.
zelfbeeld
self-image (n) (TS)
/selfm/
CHAPS magazine are doing a survey about mens self-image.
uitverkocht raken
sell out (phr v)
/sel at/ If
a concert sells out, people buy all the tickets and there are none left.
reputatie verkopen
sell your image
/sel jr m/
Shes a talented business woman whos brilliant at selling her image.
sensationeel
spectacular (adj)
/spektkjl/
At midnight, fireworks exploded across the sky it was spectacular.
sprekend lijken op
the spitting image of sb
/ spt m v Someone
who is the spitting image of another person looks exactly

/smbdi/
like them.
stagneren
stand still
/stnd stl/ A
situation that stands still stops developing.
roem
stardom (n)
/stdm/
Stardom is the state of being very famous.
prestige
status (n)
/stets/
Madonna achieved her iconic status by constantly changing and


staying fashionable.
aftreden
step down (phr v)
/step dan/ I
dont want to step down I want to carry on with my career.
intensiveren
step up (phr v)
/step p/ She
is stepping up career-wise and has no exit plan.
inspanning
struggle (n)
/strg()l/ A
struggle is a difficult period of time during which you have to work

very hard.
super merknaam
super-brand (n)
/supbrnd/
The name Madonna is a global super-brand.
terugdenken aan
think back (on) (phr v)
/k bk (n) /
Think back on her career its not the songs you remember, its the

images.
broekriem aanhalen
tighten yr belt
/tat()n j belt/ If
you tighten your belt, you spend less money.
handelsnaam
trademark (n)
/tredmk/
In 1979 she registered Madonna as a trademark.
tragisch
tragic (adj)
/trk/ Dianas
death was a tragic accident.
(te) zwakke uitdrukking
understatement (n)
/ndstetmnt/ An
understatement is something that you say that makes something

seem less important than it is.
rijkdom
wealth (n)
/wel/ Someones
wealth is the amount of money they have.
wear your heart on your sleeve /we j ht n j sliv/ If
you wear your heart on your sleeve, you show your feelings to other
je hart op de tong hebben

people.
weird (adj) (TS)
/wd/ Something
that is weird is strange in an unexpected or slightly
eigenaardig

frightening way.
wind up (phr v)
/wand p/ If
someone is easy to wind up, it is easy to make them angry or upset.
op de kast jagen

Clothing and Appearance

bangles (n)
/bg()lz/ A
armband
bangle is a big circular bracelet that you wear around your wrist.
belt (n)
/belt/ A
riem
belt is a narrow piece of leather or cloth that you wear around your

waist.
gesp
buckle (n)
/bk()l/ A
buckle is a metal object used for fastening a belt.
knoop
button (n)
/bt()n/ A
button is a small round object that you push through a hole to


fasten clothes.
informeel
casual (adj)
/kul/
Casual clothes are comfortable and suitable for informal situations.
stijl veranderen
change your style
/en j stal/ If
you change your style, you change the type of clothes you wear.
kraag
collar (n)
/kl/ A
collar is the part of a shirt or coat that goes around your neck.
smaakvol
cool (adj)
/kul/
Clothes that are cool are fashionable and attractive.
manchet
cuff (n)
/kf/ A
cuff is the part of a sleeve that goes around your wrist.
zoom
hem (n)
/hem/ A
hem is the bottom edge of a dress, skirt or coat.
imago
image (n)
/m/ The
genius of Madonna is the way she manages her image.
bewust van haar imago
image-conscious (adj)
/mkns/ Someone
who is image-conscious cares about their clothes and

appearance.
kanten handschoenen
lacy gloves (n pl)
/lesi glvz/
Lacy gloves are made of fine material and have small holes in them.
professioneel
professional (adj)
/prfe()nl/
Someone who looks professional wears smart clothes that are suitable

for work.
satijn
satin (n)
/stn/
Satin is a smooth, shiny expensive material.
mouwen
sleeves (n pl)
/slivz/ The
sleeves are the part of a piece of clothing that covers your arms.
sportieve
sporty (adj)
/spti/
Sporty clothes are designed for doing sport or for informal occasions.
hip
trendy (adj)
/trendi/ Someone
who is trendy wears fashionable and attractive clothes.
rits
zip (n)
/zp/ A
zip is a long piece of metal or plastic used for opening or closing a

piece of clothing.

Collocations
designer/old-fashioned/scruffy /dzan/ldf()nd/
clothes
/skrfi klz/

bright/close-set/staring eyes
/brat/klsset/ster

/az/

designer/ouderwetse/smerige Designer clothes are expensive and fashionable;

old-fashioned clothes are not modern; scruffy clothes are untidy or
kleding
dirty.
Bright eyes look lively and intelligent; close set eyes are very near each
intelligente/dicht bij elkaar
other; staring eyes seem to look at you in a very fixed way.
staande/starende ogen

expressive/impassive/round face /kspresv/mpsv/ An

expressief/uitdrukkingsloos/
expressive face shows what you are feeling; an impassive face does

rand fes/
rond gezicht
not show what you are feeling; a round face has the shape of a circle.
sleek/spiky/tousled hair
/slik/spaki/taz()ld he/ sluik/puntig/warrig haar
Sleek hair is smooth and shiny; spiky hair sticks up; tousled hair looks

untidy.
stevige/hartelijke/weke
firm/hearty/limp handshake
/fm/hti/lmp hndek/ A
firm or hearty handshake feels strong; a limp handshake feels weak.
handdruk
abrasive/charming/mild manner /bresv/m/mald An
abrasive manner seems rude; a charming manner is friendly and
ruwe/charmante/zachtaardig

mn/
pleasant; a mild manner is kind and gentle.
manieren
fake/forced/warm smile
/fek/fst/wm smal/ A
fake or forced smile is not natural or genuine; a warm smile is kind
valse/gekunstelde/hartelijke

and friendly.
lach
deep/husky/shrill voice
/dip/hski/rl vs/ A
deep or husky voice is low; a shrill voice is high and unpleasant.
lage/schorre/schelle stem

Word formation
rearrange (v)
/riren/ If
you rearrange people or things, you put them in a different place.
herschikken
rebuild (v)
/ribld/ If
you rebuild something, you build it again after it has been damaged
herbouwen

or destroyed.
reconsider (v)
/riknsd/ If
you reconsider a decision, you think about it again in order to
heroverwegen

decide whether you should change it.
reconstruct (v)
/riknstrkt/ If
you reconstruct something, you build it again.
reconstrueren
rediscover (v)
/ridskv/ If
you rediscover something, you discover it again.
herontdekken
redo (v)
/ridu/ If
you redo something, you do it again in a different way in order to
overdoen

improve it.
opnieuw ontwerpen
redraft (v)
/ridrft/ If
you redraft something, you write it again in order to make changes

to it.
opnieuw onderzoeken
re-examine (v)
/rigzmn/ If
you re-examine something, you look at or think about it carefully

again.
opnieuw uitvinden
reinvent (v)
/rinvent/ If
you reinvent something, you change something that already exists

and give it a different purpose.
herontdekking
reinvention (n)
/rinven()n/
Madonna is known as the queen of reinvention!
verplaatsen
relocate (v)
/rilket/ If
you relocate, you move to a different place.
een nieuwe versie maken
remake (v)
/rimek/ If
you remake something, you make it again in a different way.
you reorganise something, you organise something in a different way.
reorganiseren
reorganise (v)
/rignaz/ If

repackage (v)
/ripk/ If
opnieuw verpakken
you repackage something, you present it in a different way to make

it look more attractive.
reschedule (v)
/riedjul/ If
herschikken
you reschedule something, you, you change the time when it was

planned to happen.
If you rethink something, you think about it again in order to improve it.
heroverwegen
rethink (v)
/rik/
reunite (v)
/rijunat/ If
you reunite people, you bring them together again.
herenigen
reword (v)
/riwd/ If
you reword something, you express it using different words.
anders stellen
rewrite (v)
/rirat/ If
you rewrite something, you write it using different words in order to
herschrijven

improve it.

Unit 2

(page 14)

academic qualifications (n pl) /kdemk /

Your academic qualifications are the exams you have passed at school,
diploma's

/kwlfke()nz/
college or university.
act (n)
/kt/ An
act is a short performance of singing, dancing etc.
nummer
adolescence (n)
/dles()ns/
Adolescence is the period of time when you are a teenager.
puber
adulthood (n)
/dlthd; dlthd/
Adulthood is the period of life when you are an adult.
volwassenheid
all-in-one (adj)
/lnwn/ An
all-in-one piece of clothing is made up of separate parts that look
alles in n

like one part.
aanleg
aptitude (n)
/pttjud/ If
you have an aptitude for something, you are good at it.
secundaire wegen
backroad (n)
/bkrd/ The
backroads are small, quiet roads with less traffic.
ballenmeisje
ball girl (n)
/bl gl/ A
ball girl is a girl whose job is to throw a ball back to a player during

a match.
openbaar vervoer pas
bus pass (n)
/bs ps/ A
bus pass is a special ticket that allows older people to travel by bus

without paying.
jeugd
childhood (n)
/aldhd/
Childhood is the period of time when you are a child.
de clown spelen
clown around (phr v)
/klan rand/ If
you clown around, you act in a silly or stupid way.
komisch
comically (adv)
/kmk()li/
Comically is an adverb that means in a way that seems amusing.
If something compensates for something else, it makes it seem less bad.
goed maken
compensate (v)
/kmpnset/
cosmetic surgery (n)
/kzmetk sri/
Cosmetic surgery is a medical operation to improve someones
cosmetische chirugie

appearance.

cuddle (v)
/kd()l/ If
knuffelen
you cuddle someone, you put your arms around them to show that

you love them.
iemand een plezier doen
do sb a favour
/du smbdi fev/ If
you do someone a favour, you do something in order to help them.
dol zijn op iemand
dote on sb (phr v)
/dt n smbdi/ If
you dote on someone, you love them very much.
angst hebben voor
dread (v)
/dred/ If
you dread something, you are very frightened that it might happen.
laten vallen
drop (v) (TS)
/drp/
As soon as we told Sarah we liked Jeremy, she dropped him.
saai
dull (adj)
/dl/
Dull is an adjective that means boring.
met goede uitwerking
to good/excellent etc effect
/t gd/ekslnt fekt/ If
you use something to good effect, you use it in a way that impresses

people.
iemand's oudere
sbs elders (n pl)
/smbdiz eldz/
Your elders are people who are older than you.
uitwisselingspartner
exchange (=a person) (n)
/ksen/
When she was 15, Viv went to stay with her German exchange, Frauke

Schoon.
uitwisselingsprogramma
(school) exchange (n)
/ (skul) ksen/
Have you ever done a school exchange?
uitheemse
exoticism (n)
/gztszm/
Viv loved the exoticism of new friends such as Axelle and Amalia.
uitgebreide familie
extended family (n)
/kstendd fm()li/ An
extended family is a large family group that includes grandparents,

aunts, uncles, cousins etc.
vervalst identiteitsbewijs
fake ID (n)
/fek adi/
Fake ID is an identity card that has been made to look real in order to

trick people.
familieachtergrond
family background (n)
/fm()li bkgrand/
Your family background is the type of family that you come from.
breuklijn
faultline (n)
/fltlan/
Faultlines are small problems that develop.
welbespraakt
fluency (n)
/flunsi/
Fluency in a language is the ability to speak it well.
voor de gek houden
fool around (phr v)
/ful rand/ If
you fool around, you act in a silly or stupid way.
de zonnige kant van iets zien If you see the funny side of something, you see the amusing part of
see the funny side of sth
/si fni sad v/

sm/
a difficult or embarrassing situation.
get to hear about sth
/get t hr bat/ sm/ vernemen
All Alexs friends got to hear about the fact that his father was a clown.
grow apart (phr v)
/gr pt/
Viv and Axelle grew apart and eventually lost touch.
uit elkaar groeien
have a wild side
/hv wald sad/
Amalia was quiet but had a secret wild side.
een wilde kant hebben
hip (adj)
/hp/ Someone
who is hip is cool and trendy.
hip
host family (n)
/hst fm()li/
Your host family is the family that welcomes you into their home.
gastgezin
humiliation (n)
/hjumlien/
Humiliation is the state of feeling embarrassed and ashamed.
vernedering
immersion (n)
/m()n/
Immersion is a way of learning another language in which you only
onderdompeling

use the foreign language in class.
infancy (n)
/nfnsi/
Infancy is the period of time when you are a baby or very young child.
kleutertijd
be on its last legs
/bi n ts lst legz/ If
something is on its last legs, it is very old and no longer very useful.
op zijn laatste benen staan
8

sbs loved ones (n pl)

/smbdiz lvd wnz/
iemands geliefde
Your loved ones are the people you love, especially members of your

family.
mascotte
(club) mascot (n)
/ (klb) mskt/
Kayleighs mum is club mascot for Cardiff City and wears a bird

costume at matches.
middelbare leeftijd
middle age (n)
/md()l e/
Middle age is the period of time when you are no longer young, but

are not yet old.
platenspelers
music decks (n pl) (TS)
/mjuzk deks/
Its easy for Andy, as a DJ, to hide behind his music decks at work.
luier
nappy (n)
/npi/ A
nappy is a thick piece of cloth that a baby wears between its legs

before it has learned to use the toilet.
een bijnaam geven
nickname (v)
/nknem/
Alexs friends nicknamed him Corky Junior.
nachtleven
nightlife (n)
/natlaf/
Nightlife is entertainment available in the evenings in clubs, bars,

restaurants etc.
bezwaar maken
object (v)
/bekt/ If
you object to something, you do not like it or approve of it.
bejaard
old age (n)
/ld e/
Old age is the period of someones life when they are old.
buitensporig
outrageous (adj)
/atres/ Something
that is outrageous is slightly shocking.
optreden
perform (v)
/pfm/ Ginas
mum dresses up as Cher and performs at clubs.
fotomodel
poster-girl (n)
/pst gl/ A
poster-girl is a girl or woman who is a good advertisement for

something.
vooruitzicht
prospect (n)
/prspekt/ If
you have good job prospects, you are likely to get a good job and

earn a lot of money.
verwaarloosd
rusty (adj)
/rsti/
If your knowledge of a language is rusty, you have forgotten a lot of

what you have learnt.
transparant
see-through (adj)
/siru/
See-through is an adjective that means transparent.
pompen of verzuipen
sink or swim
/sk swm/ If
you are in a situation where you must sink or swim, you must deal

with problems on your own if you want to succeed.
verzuren
sour (v)
/sa/
If a relationship between two people sours, the people stop liking

each other.
ergens niet tegen kunnen
cant stand (doing) sth
/knt stnd du /sm/ Gina
is shy and cant stand being the centre of of attention.
in vorm blijven
stay in shape
/ste n ep/ If
you stay in shape, you stay fit and healthy.
plakkerig
sticky (adj)
/stki/
Sticky objects are covered with a substance that sticks to things.
studiereis
study trip (n)
/stdi trp/ A
study trip is a period of time that you spend away from home in

order to study or learn something.

table manners (n pl)

/teb()l mnz/
tafelmanieren
Your table manners are the way you behave when you are at a table

eating food.
ultiem
ultimate (adj)
/ltmt/
When Viv says she is the ultimate poster-girl for school exchanges, she

means she is a perfect example of someone who enjoys them.
eronder
underneath (adv)
/ndni/
She wears a bird costume, but everyone knows its Mum underneath.
stedelijk
urban (adj)
/bn/ Someone
who is urban is used to life in cities.
door de grond gaan van
want the ground to open up /wnt grand tu/ If
you want the ground to open up, you feel extremely embarrassed.
schaamte

/pn p/
wiebelend
wiggly (adj)
/wgli/ A
wiggly moustache is not straight and you can move it around.
getuige
witness (n)
/wtns/ A
witness at a wedding is someone who also signs the official

document that the married couple sign.

Sayings
Birds of a feather flock
/bdz v fe flk
together.
tge/
Blood is thicker than water.
/bld z k n wt/

Charity begins at home.
/rti bgnz t hm/

Home is where the heart is.
/hm z we ht z/

One good turn deserves
/wn gd tn dzvz
another.
n/
Twos company. Threes a crowd. /tuz kmp()ni riz

krad/

Soort zoekt soort.

Het hemd is nader dan de
rok.
Het hemd is nader dan de
rok.
Oost west, thuis best.
Wie goed doet, goed
ontmoet.
Drie is teveel.

Birds of a feather flock together means that people of a similar type

spend time together.
Blood is thicker than water means that family relationships are the
most important.
Charity begins at home means that you should look after your family
and friends first.
Home is where the heart is means that your home is wherever your
loved ones are.
One good turn deserves another means that if someone is kind and
helpful to you, you should also be kind and helpful to them.
Twos company. Threes a crowd means that two people can be happy
together, but a third person causes problems.

Showing someone around your home

Welcome to our home!
Did you have a pleasant
journey?
Let me introduce you to

/welkm tu hm/
/dd ju hv plez()nt
ni/
let mi ntrdjus ju tu

Welkom in ons huis!

Heb je een goede reis
gehad?
Laat me je introduceren aan

10

Hello Marie. Welcome to our home!

Did you have a pleasant journey? Yes, but Im feeling a bit tired
now.
Let me introduce you to the rest of the family.

Then Ill show you around.

/en al ju rand/
Daarna zal ik je rondleiden.
Ill introduce you to the rest of the family, then Ill show you around.
You must call me
/ju mst kl mi/
Je moet me Jill noemen
You must call me Jill.
Help yourself to
/help jself tu/
Neem maar
Help yourself to tea and coffee.
Make yourself at home.
/mek jself t hm/ If
Doe alsof je thuis bent.
you make yourself at home somewhere, you feel relaxed and

comfortable.
If theres anything you need /f ez n j nid/
If theres anything you need, just give me a shout.
Als je iets nodig hebt
Give me a shout.
/gv mi at/
Give me a shout if theres anything you need.
Laat het me weten.

Social Register
Informal
Hiya!
The doors open.
Cheers thats great!
Hows it going?
chill out (phr v)
Do you want to ?
Whatever.
No idea.

/haj/
Hiya! The doors open.
Hallo!
/ dz pn/
The doors open. Come in.
De deur is open.
/z ts gret/
I remembered to bring you that CD. Cheers, thats great!
Dank je dat is geweldig!
/haz t g/
Hows it going? All right, but Im shattered.
Hoe gaat het?
/l at/ I
just want to chill out this evening and watch TV.
uitrusten
/du j wnt tu/
Do you want to watch a DVD?
Wil je ?
/wtev/
Do you want to watch TV or shall I get a DVD? Whatever.
Om het even wat.
/n ad/
Whats on TV? No idea rubbish as usual, I expect.
Geen idee.

Formal
Welcome!
Do come in!
Thats very kind of you!
relax
Would you prefer ?
I dont mind.
Im afraid I dont know.

/welkm/
/du km n/
/ts veri kand v ju/
/rlks/
/wd j prf/
/a dnt mand/
/am fred a dnt n/

Welkom!
Kom binnen!
Dat is erg aardig van je!
ontspan
Wil je liever ?
Het maakt me niet uit.
Het spijt me maar ik weet
het niet.

11

Welcome! Do come in!

Welcome! Do come in!
Thank you, thats very kind of you!
You must sit down and relax.
Would you prefer tea or coffee?
Would you prefer tea or coffee? I dont mind.
How many miles is it exactly? Im afraid I dont know.

Unit 3

(page 24)

adventurer (n)
/dvenr/
avonturier
An adventurer is someone who will take a risk in order to make money.
antique (n) (TS)
/ntik/ An
antique is an object that is old and valuable.
antiqiteit
If someone appears in court, they go to a court of law so that people
appear in court
/pr n kt/
voorkomen

can ask you questions about something illegal they think you have done.
band together (phr v)
/bnd tge/
If people band together, they work together in order to achieve
zich verenigen

something.
adembenemend
breathtaking (adj)
/bretek/ Something
that is breathtaking is very is extremely impressive or

beautiful.
munt slaan uit
capitalise on sth
/kptlaz n sm/ If
you capitalise on something, you use it to get an advantage for

yourself.
aangeklaagd worden
be charged with sth
/bi d w/ Someone
who is charged with a crime is officially accused of it.
mislukken
collapse (v)
/klps/ If
something collapses, it fails completely.
taakstraf
community service (n)
/kmjunti svs/
Community service is work that someone does as a punishment

instead of going to prison.
gengageerdheid
concern (n)
/knsn/
Concern is a feeling of worry or sympathy for someone who is in a bad

situation.
oplichter
con-man (n)
/knmn/ A
con-man is a criminal who tricks other people in order to get their

money.
monopolie verwerven
corner the market (TS)
/kn mkt/ If
you corner the market, you get complete control of an area of

business.
stuifsneeuwrand
cornice (n) (TS)
/kns/ A
cornice is an overhanging area of snow on the edge of a mountain.
oogst
crops (n pl)
/krps/
Crops are plants that farmers grow to produce food.
cynicus
cynic (n)
/snk/ A
cynic is a person who thinks that people are not sincere or honest.
een verklaring afleggen
declare (v)
/dkle/ If
you declare something, you say officially that it is true.
ontdekking
discovery (n)
/dskv()ri/ The
discovery of gold attracted thousands of people to California.
desillusie
disillusion (n)
/dslu()n/
Disillusion is a feeling of great disappointment when something is not

as good as you thought.
gedesillusioneerd
disillusioned (adj)
/dslu()nd/
John Sutter eventually left California feeling disillusioned.
oosterling
easterner (n)
/istn/
Easterners are people who live in the east of a country or state.

12

eastward (adv)
/istwd/
oostwaarts
If you travel eastward, you travel in a direction towards the east.
entrepreneur (n)
/ntrprn/ An
onderneming
entrepreneur is someone who uses money to start a business.
epic (adj)
/epk/ An
herosch
epic journey is very long and exciting.
epidemic (n)
/epdemk/ An
epidemie
epidemic is a situation in which a feeling spreads very quickly.
follow sbs tracks (TS)
/fl smbdz trks/ If
In iemands voetspoor treden
you follow someones tracks, you follow where they are walking or

moving.
domheid
foolishness (n)
/fulns/
Foolishness is a word that means the same as stupidity.
fort
fort (n)
/ft/ A
fort is a strong building that is used to defend a place.
een gat in de markt
a gap in the market
/ gp n mkt/
A gap in the market is an opportunity to sell something that is not

available but that people would like to have.
glint of something is a quick flash of light from something that is shiny.
schittering
glint (n)
/glnt/ A
go through with sth (phr v)
/g ru w sm/ If
you go through with something, you succeed in doing something
doorzetten

difficult.
gold (n)
/gld/ In
1848 gold was discovered in California.
goud
gold fever (n)
/gld fiv/
Gold fever was the wish to find gold that a lot of people felt in the
goudkoorts

19th century.
trek naar de goudvelden
gold rush (n)
/gld r/ The
gold rush was the period in the 19th century when a lot of people

went to a place where gold had been discovered.
goud vondst
gold strike (n)
/gld strak/ A
gold strike is the act of discovering that gold exists in a place.
GPS (Global Positioning System) /ipies/
GPS is a system you install in your car that tells you where you are and
GPS (Global Positioning
(n) (TS)
gives you directions.
System)
hammock (n)
/hmk/ A
hammock is a bed consisting of a piece of cloth tied to a tree.
hangmat
a handful (of)
/ hndfl (v) /
A handful of people or things is a very small number of them.
een paar
hand-painted (adj) (TS)
/hndpentd/
Eric bought some beautiful hand-painted toy soldiers.
handgeschilderde
a hard turn (n) (TS)
/ hd tn/
A hard turn is a sudden movement you make to the right or left.
een scherpe bocht
a head of (cattle)
/ hed v kt()l/
A head is an expression used as a way of counting farm animals.
stuks vee
hot up (phr v)
/ht p/
When an activity hots up, it becomes much more popular.
intensiveert
immigrant (n)
/mgrnt/ Sutter
was a Swiss immigrant who came to California in 1848.
immigrant
be intent on
/bi ntent n/ Sutter
was intent on building his own private empire.
het voornemen hebben om
joint (adj)
/nt/ A
joint company is owned by more than one person.
gemeenschappelijk
keenly understand sth
/kinli ndstnd sm/ If
you keenly understand a situation, you have thought about it and
diep begrip van iets

understand it well.
koninkrijk
kingdom (n)
/kdm/ A
kingdom is an area or activity that someone controls.

13

lead to sbs downfall (TS)

/lid t smbdz/ /danfl/ neergang veroorzaken
Alcoholism led to his downfall and Californias first millionaire died an

unnoticed death.
levensbevestigend
life-affirming (adj)
/laffm/ Something
that is life-affirming makes you feel happier or more

positive about life.
mensenleven
lifetime (n)
/laftam/
The adventurers were willing to spend a difficult year in return for a

lifetime of riches.
dwaasheid
madness (n)
/mdns/
If people think that something is madness, they think it is extremely

stupid.
een crisis op middelbare
mid-life crisis (n)
/mdlaf krass/ A
mid-life crisis is when people who are middle-aged feel very anxious
leeftijd

about their life.
hypotheek
mortgage (v)
/mg/
People mortgaged their farms in order to travel to California.
nieuwkomer
newcomer (n)
/njukm/
Sutter welcomed the newcomers as subjects for his new kingdom.
opportunist
opportunist (n)
/ptjunst/ An
opportunist is someone who always tries to get an advantage for

themselves.
buitenpost
outpost (n)
/atpst/ An
outpost is a place that is far away from other places.
pan
pan (n)
/pn/ A
pan is a large, flat bowl used for collecting gold.
pikhouweel
pick (n)
/pk/ A
pick is a tool used for breaking hard surfaces.
particuliere onderneming
private empire (n)
/pravt empa/ Someones
private empire is a business that they own.
vervolging instellen
prosecute (v)
/prskjut/ If
you prosecute someone, you officially accuse them of a crime.
op naam staan van
be registered in sbs name
/bi restd n/
Christopher sold the car although it was registered in his mothers

smbdz nem/
name.
ingezetene
resident (n)
/rezd()nt/
Residents are the people who live in a particular place.
iemand die risico neemt
risk-taker (n)
/rsktek/ A
risk-taker is someone who is not afraid of taking risks to get what

they want.
de wortel van
at the root of sth
/t rut v sm/ If
something is at the root of a problem or situation, it is the thing

that has caused it.
vloerkleed
rug (n)
/rg/ A
rug is a very small carpet that you put on a floor.
geruneerd
ruined (adj)
/rund/
In 1850 Sutter had lost all his wealth and was a ruined man.
satellietnavigatie
satellite navigation (n) (TS)
/stlat nvge()n/
Satellite navigation is a system that tells you where you are and gives

you directions.
houtzagerij
sawmill (n)
/sml/ A
sawmill is a building where wood is cut into pieces using a machine.
plan
scheme (n)
/skim/ A
scheme is a plan that you make in order to get something.
schop
shovel (n)
/v()l/ A
shovel is a tool that is used for lifting and moving earth or snow.

14

spa (n)
/sp/ A
badplaats
spa is a type of bath filled with water that you put your feet into in

order to relax.
expressebestelling
special delivery (n)
/spe()l dlv()ri/ A
special delivery is a parcel that is delivered by a fast postal service.
in het middelpunt van de
spotlight (n)
/sptlat/ If
you are in the spotlight, everyone is looking at you or is interested
belangstelling staan

in you.
opnieuw beginnen
start afresh
/stt fre/
Ian Usher has sold his life because he wants to start afresh.
honger hebben
starving (adj)
/stv/ I
havent eaten since this morning Im starving.
verklaring
statement (n)
/stetmnt/ A
statement is something that you say or write publicly.
maatschappij op aandelen
stock company (n)
/stk kmp()ni/ A
stock company is one that is owned by several people.
ondergeschikte
subject (n)
/sbekt/ A
subject is a person who works for someone who is very powerful.
vraag en aanbod
supply and demand (n)
/spla n dmnd/
The laws of supply and demand relate to the amount of a product

that is available and how many people want to buy it.
een goed doel steunen
support a charity
/spt rti/ If
you support a charity, you give money to it.
iemand meesleuren
sweep sb up (phr v) (TS)
/swip smbdi p/ If
water or snow sweeps someone up, it moves over them quickly.
Zwitsers
Swiss (adj)
/sws/ Someone
who is Swiss is from Switzerland.
afbreken
tear down (phr v)
/te dan/ If
you tear down a building, you destroy it.
telegraaf
telegraph (v)
/telgrf/
News of the discovery of gold was telegraphed to every village and

town.
bonst
thump (v)
/mp/ If
your heart thumps, it beats very fast.
vertrappen
trample (v)
/trmp()l/
If people trample something, they destroy it by walking all over it.
doorkruisen
traverse (v) (TS)
/trvs/ If
you traverse an area, you move over or across it.
By the mid-1840s more and more Americans were trickling into California.
binnendruppelen
trickle (v)
/trk()l/
undertake (v)
/ndtek/
Other people have undertaken similar schemes to Ian Usher and profited.
op zich nemen
vigorous (adj)
/vg()rs/ If
you do vigorous exercise, you exercise very hard.
energiek
vision (n)
/v()n/ Sutter
had a vision of building his own private empire.
visie
visionary (n)
/vn()ri/ Someone
who is a visionary has a clear idea of how things should be
visionair

done.
wagon (n)
/wgn/ A
wagon is an old-fashioned vehicle pulled by horses.
(boeren)wagen
be in the way
/bi n we/ If
you are in the way, you are stopping people from doing what they
in de weg staan

want to do.
wealthy (adj)
/weli/
Wealthy is a word meaning the same as rich.
rijk
whisper (n)
/wsp/
Whispers of a gold strike drifted eastward across the country.
geruchten

15

Why on earth?
/wa n /

without sbs knowledge
/wat smbdz/ nl/

Waarom in vredesnaam?
zonder iemands wetenschap

Why on earth? is an expression that is used to emphasize the

question word Why?
Without his mothers knowledge, Christopher sold her car.

Collocations
have
have
have
have
have
have
have
have
have
have
have

a chat
difficulty
a duty
a go
a guess
a laugh
a look
a right
a think
a word

babbelen
/hv t/ If
you have a chat with someone, you talk to them for a short time.
moeite hebben
/hv dfk()lti/
We had difficulty finding somewhere to park.
een plicht hebben
/hv djuti/
We all have a duty to help each other.
proberen
/hv g/ If
you have a go at something, you try to do it.
raden
/hv ges/
How many people live in the UK? I dont know. Have a guess.
lachen
/hv lf/
I like meeting friends and having a laugh.
kijken
/hv lk/
Can I have a look at your new iPod?
het recht hebben
/hv rat/
People over 18 have the right to vote.
ergens even over nadenken
/hv k/
Well have a think and let you know what we decide.
spreken
/hv wd/
Can I have a quick word with you, please?

make
make a fortune
/mek fun/
Top football players can make a fortune.
een fortuin verdienen
make a fuss
/mek fs/ If
you make a fuss about something, you get too worried or excited
opschudding veroorzaken

about it.
make a living
/mek lv/ It
can be hard to make a living as an actor.
de kost verdienen
make a loss
/mek ls/
Banks have made huge losses in recent months.
verlies maken
make a mess
/mek mes/
I always make a mess when I cook.
een puinhoop maken
make money
/mek mni/
Businessmen such as Bill Gates and Richard Branson have made a lot of
geld verdienen

money.
make a profit
/mek prft/ If
you make a profit, you sell something for more money than it cost
winst maken


to buy.
ergens op slaan
make sense
/mek sens/ I
dont understand my dreams. They never make sense.
beginnen
make a start
/mek stt/
Weve a lot of work to do we'd better make a start.

16

take
take action
/tek k()n/
maatregelen treffen
Theres a time for talking and a time for taking action.
take advice
/tek dvas/ If
advies ontvangen
you take advice, you ask someone for their opinion about the best


thing to do.
take a deep breath
/tek dip bre/
diep inademen
Take a deep breath and calm down.
take an exam
/tek n gzm/ Shes
examen doen
taking her piano exam tomorrow.
take notes
/tek nts/
noteren
Students listened to the teacher and took notes.
take office
/tek fs/
officieel beginnen
President Barack Obama took office in January 2009.
take place
/tek ples/
plaatsvinden
The 2012 Olympics take place in London.
take responsibility
/tek rspnsblti/
verantwoorderlijheid nemen Shes 16 and old enough to take responsibility for herself.
take a risk
/tek rsk/
risico nemen
You sometimes have to take risks to succeed.
take sugar
/tek g/ Do
suiker nemen
you take sugar in coffee?

Metaphors
Time = Money
be running out of time
/bi rn at v tam/
spare (sb) a couple of minutes /spe (smbdi)

/kp()l v mnts/
sbs time is precious
/smbdiz tam z pres/
use your time profitably
/juz j tam prftbli/
waste your time
/west j tam/

be worth sbs while
/bi w smbdiz wa/

door de tijd heen raken

een paar minuutjes voor
iemand hebben
iemands tijd is kostbaar
gebruik je tijd nuttig
je tijd verdoen

iemands tijd waard zijn

Hurry up! Were running out of time.

We need to talk. Can you spare a couple of minutes?

If someones time is precious, they are busy and do not have a lot of time.
You should use your time more profitably and get a proper job.
Youre wasting your time if you think you can make money out of the
Internet.
Just five minutes of your time I promise it will be worth your while!

Ideas = Food
chew sth over
digest information
food for thought
be a half-baked idea

/u sm v/
Martha had been chewing over the idea for the past few weeks.
op iets kauwen
/daest nfme()n/ I
need time to digest all this information.
informatie verwerken
iets om over na te denekenkn Thats interesting. Theres certainly food for thought here.
/fud f t/
een niet overdacht idee zijn
/bi hf bekt ad/ A
half-baked idea is one that you have not thought about properly.

17

Money
afford (v)
/fd/ If
zich veroorloven
you can afford something, you have enough money to buy it.
be a bargain (TS)
/bi bgn/ If
een koopje zijn
something is a bargain it costs much less than normal.
He didnt save the money instead he blew it all on a new music system.
blow it on sth
/bl t n sm/
het stukgooien op iets
breadwinner (n)
/bredwn/ A
breadwinner is the person who earns the money to support a family.
kostwinner
broke (adj)
/brk/ If
you are broke, you have spent all your money.
bankroet
budget (n)
/bt/ A
budget is an amount of money that you an afford to spend on
budget

something.
Goedkoop maar nuttig
cheap and cheerful (TS)
/ip n f()l/ Something
that is cheap and cheerful does not cost a lot of money but

is suitable for a particular purpose.
een inkomen verdienen
earn a living
/n lv/ Do
you agree that its a mans job to earn a living? Theres no such
Theres no such thing as a free /ez n s z
thing as a free lunch means that you cannot get something good
Voor niets gaat de zon op.
lunch.
/fri ln/
without paying for it.
hard-up (adj)
/hdp/ Someone
who is hard-up does not have a lot of money.
slecht bij kas
inherit (v)
/nhert/
He told his girlfriend he had inherited the money from his grandfather,
erven

who had died.
investeren
invest (v)
/nvest/ If
you invest money, you use it in order to make more money.
schatrijk
loaded (adj)
/ldd/
Loaded is an informal word meaning extremely rich.
Liefde voor geld is de wortel The love of money is the root of all evil means that money makes
The love of money is the
/ lv v mni z
van al het kwaad.
root of of all evil.
rut v l iv()l/
people do bad things to other people.
het geld op de rug groeien
be made of money
/bi med v mni/
No, I cant afford to buy you a new car Im not made of money, you

know!
De wereld draait om geld.
Money makes the world.
/mni meks wld
Money makes the world go round means that it is peoples desire to
go round
g rand/
make money that makes them do things.
If you pay off an overdraft, you pay the bank money that you owe to it.
overdispositie
overdraft (n)
/vdrft/
get sth for peanuts
/get sm f pints/
Computers are much cheaper nowadays you can get them for peanuts.
voor een habbekrats
In for a penny, in for a pound. /n fr peni n fr
In for a penny, in for a pound means that you intend to finish
Samen uit, samen thuis.

pand/
something you have started doing.
pricey (adj) (TS)
/prasi/
Pricey is a word that means expensive.
prijzig
push the boat out
/p bt at/ If
you push the boat out, you decide to spend a lot of money on
geld over de balk smijten

something.
waarmaken wat je zegt
Put your money where your
/pt j mni we j
If you put your money where your mouth is, you give money to
mouth is.
ma z/
someone or something to show that you mean what you say.

18

save it for a rainy day

/sev t fr reni de/ If
sparen voor zware tijden
you save money for a rainy day, you save it for a time when you

need it.
zichzelf verwennen
splash out (on) (phr v)
/spl at (n) /
He splashed out on an extravagant champagne holiday for himself and

his girlfriend.
gaan tot
How much can you afford to spend? I could stretch to about 10,000.
stretch to sth (phr v)
/stre t sm/
geldsom
a sum of money
/ sm v mni/
Christopher said he had inherited a sum of money from his grandfather.
belastingen opleggen
tax (v)
/tks/ The
government taxes cigarettes and alcohol heavily.
Let op het kleingeld, en het
Watch the pennies, and the
/w penz n
Watch the pennies and the pounds take care of themselves means
grote geld komt vanzelf.
pounds take care of
pandz tek ke v
that if you save small amounts of money, you will eventually have a
themselves.
mselvz/
large amount.
100/$250 etc. waard zijn
be worth 100/$250 etc
/bi w hndrd
Win a holiday worth 6,000!

pandz/tu hndrd n

ffti dlz/

Review A

(page 34)

raadsman
advisor
/dvaz/
Louise wanted to save the bookshop and asked a business advisor


for help.
tevreden
delighted
/dlatd/
The bookshop is making a fortune and Louise is delighted.
verzadigd
fed-up
/fedp/
If you feel fed-up, you feel bored and annoyed or sad.
de aandacht op iets vestigen
get sth noticed
/get sm ntst/ In
order to get the shop noticed, she painted it bright red.
kwijt raken
get rid of sth
/get rd v sm/ I
decided to get rid of the old car and buy a new one.
(het) opgeven
give up
/gv p/ If
you give up, you stop doing something.
terugbetalen
pay sb back
/pe smbdi bk/
I dont mind lending you the money, but I expect you to pay me back


soon.
have a row (with sb)
/hv ra (w smbdi)/ ruzie hebben
We had a row and now were not speaking.
zaak beheren
run a business
/rn bzns/ Louise
runs her own business a bookshop.

19

Unit 4

(page 36)

achievement (n)
/ivmnt/
prestatie
Getting to the Pole was a tremendous achievement for Ben.
aim (v)
/em/
van plan zijn
Claire is aiming to raise money for a breast cancer charity.
ammunition (n)
/mjn()n/
munitie
Ammunition is bullets that can be fired from a gun.
the Antarctic (n)
/i ntktk/
Antartica
The Antarctic is the extremely cold region in the most southern part of


the world.
the Arctic (n)
/i ktk/
de Noordpool
The Arctic is the extremely cold region in the most northern part of

the world.
beren protocol
bear drill (n)
/be drl/ A
bear drill is a series of actions that you must do to avoid being

attacked by a bear.
vent
bloke (n)
/blk/
Bloke is an informal word meaning a man.
bloedsuiker niveau
blood sugar level (n)
/bld g lev()l/ Its
important to maintain blood sugar levels for energy.
last
bother (n)
/b/
Bother is an informal word meaning problems or difficulties.
beha
bra (n)
/br/ A
bra is a piece of underwear that supports a womans breasts.
carbohydraten
carbohydrates (carbs) (n pl)
/kbhadrets/
Carbohydrates or carbs are substances in foods such as bread and

potatoes.
cardio
cardio (n)
/kdi/ A
cardio is an exercise to make the heart stronger.
vleesetend
carnivore (n)
/knv/
Carnivores are animals who eat meat.
huls
cartridge (n) (TS)
/ktr/
Pen reloaded the gun again with a fifth and sixth cartridge.
oorzaak
cause (n)
/kz/
Completing the MoonWalk means I will have contributed money to a

good cause.
uitdaging
challenge (n)
/ln/
Doing a walk for charity and giving up smoking are different types of

challenge.
je hoofd leeg maken
clear sbs head
/kl smbdiz hed/ If
something clears your head, it helps you to think more clearly.
troosten
comfort (v)
/kmft/ If
you comfort someone, you make them feel better.
cruciaal
crucial (adj)
/kru()l/
Carbohydrates are crucial for energy levels.
doodziek
look like death warmed up
/lk lak de wmd p/ Someone
who looks like death warmed up looks extremely ill.
tot mijn vreugde
to sbs delight
/t smbdiz dlat/
To my delight, the twenty cigarettes were intact!
draaien
dial (v)
/dal/
I should dial Shubentsov whenever I feel the urge to smoke.
trekken
drag (v)
/drg/ If
you drag something heavy, you pull it with difficulty.

20

endeavour (n)
/endev/
onderneming
Do you think that the achievements and endeavours of explorers have

significance for the rest of us?
energie reep
energy bar (n)
/eni b/ An
energy bar is a small piece of cake or biscuit that you eat to give

you energy.
milieudeskundige
environmental scientist (n)
/nvarnment()l An
environmental scientist specialises in studying the environment.

santst/
ontdekkingsreis
expedition (n)
/ekspd()n/
Ben went on an expedition to the North Pole.
ontdekkingsreiziger
explorer (n)
/ksplr/
Richard Branson, Ellen McArthur and Ben Saunders are all explorers.
vingertop
fingertip (n)
/fgtp/
Your fingertips are the parts right at the end of your fingers.
eindstreep
finishing line (n)
/fn lan/ The
finishing line is a line on a track that marks the end of a race.
ontslaan
fire (v)
/fa/
Fire is an informal word meaning to make someone leave their job.
focus
focus (n)
/fks/
Focus is the effort and concentration that you give to something.
bevriezing
frostbite (n)
/frstbat/
Walking through snow and ice can give you frostbite.
in principe
fundamentally (adv)
/fndment()li/
Fundamentally means the same as basically.
kleding
gear (n)
/g/
Running gear is the type of clothes you wear for running.
helende energie
healing energy (n)
/hil eni/
Healing energy is energy that helps to cure people.
gezondheidsmaniak
health freak (n)
/hel frik/ A
health freak is someone who is obsessed with keeping fit.
overwinteren
hibernate (v)
/habnet/
Do polar bears hibernate in winter?
verslaafd
hooked (adj)
/hkt/ If
you are hooked on cigarettes, you cannot do without them.
horizon
horizon (n)
/hraz()n/
Peoples horizons are the things they try to achieve.
gehydrateerd
hydrated (adj)
/hadretd/ Its
important to stay hydrated so Ill be drinking a lot of water.
elk moment kunnen
imminent (adj)
/mnnt/ Something
that is imminent is going to happen soon.
gebeuren
nieuwsgierig
inquisitive (adj)
/nkwztv/
Inquisitive means the same as curious.
ongerept
intact (adj)
/ntkt/ Something
that is intact is not damaged or broken.
intrigeren
intrigue (v)
/ntrig/
The question: How far can we go? intrigues Ben.
gewricht
joint (n)
/nt/
Your joints are the parts of your body that can bend such as your

knees and hips.
iemand aan de gang houden
keep sb going
/kip smbdi g/ The
idea of giving money to a good cause keeps Claire going.
Ik ga eraan kapot!
Its killing me!
/ts kl mi/
My ankles hurting in fact its killing me!
op het land levende
land-based (adj)
/lndbest/
Land-based animals are animals that live on the land, not in the sea.
media belangstelling
media interest (n)
/midi ntrst/
Media interest is the interest shown by TV, newspapers in events.
lidmaatschap
membership (n)
/membp/ Gym
membership can be quite expensive.

21

motivational speaker (n)

/mtve()nl spik/ A
inspirerende spreker
motivational speaker is someone who gives talks in public to try to

encourage people to do something.
modderig
muddy (adj)
/mdi/ A
muddy accent is deep and not very clear.
navigeren
navigate (v)
/nvget/ Someone
who navigates uses maps or other equipment to decide

which way to go.
obsceen
Someone who is obscenely rich is so rich that you think it is unacceptable.
obscenely (adv)
/bsinli/
only have yourself to blame
/nli hv jself t blem/ alleen jezelf de schuld
If you only have yourself to blame, you are completely responsible for
kunnen geven

something bad.
schetsen
outline (v)
/atlan/ If
you outline something, you give a quick description of it.
harder rennen dan
outrun (v)
/atrn/ If
you outrun a person or animal, you run faster than them.
in je zak doen
pocket (v)
/pkt/
I picked the cigarettes up and pocketed them.
zinloos
pointless (adj)
/pntls/ Something
that is pointless does not have any meaning or use.
power-walk/power-walking
power-walk/power-walking (n) /pawk/ A
power-walk or power-walking is a form of exercise in which you

pawk/
walk very quickly.
ophouden
quit (v)
/kwt/
Once youve started smoking, its very difficult to quit.
manieren om te stoppen
quitting technique (n)
/kwt teknik/ Lots
of quitting techniques are available to help you give up smoking.
sinds het begin van de
since records began
/sns rekdz bgn/
Conditions in the Arctic were described as some of the worst since
metingen

records began.
verlichten
relieved (adj)
/rlivd/
I felt relieved when no one answered the phone.
opnieuw laden
reload (v)
/rild/ Pen
reloaded the gun when he saw the bear walking towards them.
het tegenovergestelde
the reverse (n)
/ rvs/
The reverse of something is its opposite.
gevaarlijk
risky (adj)
/rski/ Something
that is risky is slightly dangerous.
zeehond
seal (n)
/sil/
Do polar bears eat seals?
Je verdiende loon.
It serves you right.
/t svz ju rat/
My back stings I didnt put any sunblock on. It serves you right

then, doesnt it?
wanorderlijk
shambolic (adj)
/mblk/ Something
that is shambolic does not succeed because it is badly

organised.
betekenis
significance (n)
/sgnfkns/
Do the achievements of explorers have significance for the rest of us?
geen oog dicht doen
not sleep a wink
/nt slip wk/ If
you dont sleep a wink , you dont sleep at all.
voorhamer
sledge (n)
/sle/
Ben Saunders dragged a 180-kilogramme sledge over 1,420 miles.
in terecht komen
slip into sth
/slp nt sm/ If
you slip into a particular way of behaving or speaking, you start

behaving or speaking in that way.
zool
sole (n)
/sl/ The
soles of your feet are the flat parts underneath your feet.

22

the South Pole (n)

/ sa pl/ The
de Zuidpool
South Pole is the part of the earth that is the furthest south.
sponsor (v)
/spns/ If
sponsor
you sponsor something, you provide the money that is necessary to

do it.
uithoudingsvermogen
stamina (n)
/stmn/
Your stamina is the ability to do something without getting tired.
zeker
steadily (adv)
/stedli/
Slowly and steadily most smokers get hooked on cigarettes.
een loopneus
a streaming nose
/ strim nz/ If
you have a streaming nose, liquid flows from your nose because you

have a cold.
krachttraining
strength-training (n)
/stretren/
Claire does a combination of cardio, aerobics and strength-training to

prepare for the race.
jezelf strekken
stretch yourself (v refl)
/stre jself/ The
more you stretch yourself, the stronger your self-belief gets.
benodigdheden
supplies (n pl)
/splaz/
Supplies are things such as food or medical equipment that you need.
uitzenden
transmit (v)
/trnzmt/ Shubentsov
transmits his healing energy through his fingertips.

Collocations
be in charge of
/bi n v/ If
you are in charge of something, you are responsible for it.
de baas zijn over
close the barrel
/klz brl/ If
you close the barrel of a gun, you close the part that the bullet is
de loop sluiten

fired through.
ik kon er niet achterkomen
I couldnt quite figure out
/a kd()nt kwat fg
Something was wrong, but I couldnt quite figure it out.

t at/
Het geweer/pistool zit vast.
The guns still jammed.
/ gnz stl md/
The guns still jammed it wont fire.
het wapen laden
load the gun
/ld gn/ If
you load a gun, you put bullets in it.
zich in slow-motion afspelen
go into slow motion
/g nt sl /m()n/ If
everything goes into slow motion, it seems to be happening very

slowly.
de trekker overhalen
pull the trigger
/pl trg/ If
you pull the trigger of a gun, you fire it.
Het is onmogelijk om ...
Theres no way ...
/ez n we/
Theres no way we can outrun a bear!
de ritssluiting openen
undo the zip
/ndu zp/
My fingers were too cold to undo the zip.

Phrasal verbs
call sb back
chase sb/sth away

come up with
cut down on

/kl smbdi bk/

/es smbdi/sm
we/
/km p w/
/kt dan n/

Iemand terug bellen

Iets/iemand wegjagen

Leave a message and Ill call you back.

Smoke chases away mosquitoes.

verzinnen
verminderen

I wish someone would come up with non-fattening chocolate!

Hes trying to cut down on the number of cigarettes he smokes a day.

23

do without sth
/du wat sm/
het zonder iets moeten doen Most smokers find it hard to do without cigarettes.
drive sb away
/drav smbdi we/
iemand wegjagen
Smoking can help drive away annoying people!
get over sth
/get v sm/ If
ergens overheen komen
you get over something difficult or upsetting, you recover from it.
give in
/gv n/ If
toegeven
you give in, you do something that you shouldnt.
give sth in
/gv sm n/ Dont
inleveren
forget to give your homework in.
hop down
/hp dan/ I
naar beneden springen
hopped down from the doorstep and picked the cigarettes up from

the pavement.
bijhouden
keep up with
/kip p w/ Its
not easy keeping up with all the latest diets.
iemand teleurstellen
let sb down
/let smbdi dan/ If
someone lets you down, they disappoint you.
een sigaret opsteken
light up
/lat p/
When you light up, you light a cigarette or cigar.
iets opzoeken (sense 1),
look sth up
/lk sm p/
Look the words up in a dictionary.
iets oppikken (sense 2)
pick sth up
/pk sm p/
(Sense 1) He picked the cigarettes up from the pavement.

(Sense 2) Some people find it easier to pick up a new language than

others.
de telefoon neerleggen
put the phone down
/pt fn dan/
When he puts the phone down, he feels relieved.
iets uitstellen
put sth off
/pt sm f/
I need to lose weight but I keep putting it off.
opraken
run out of
/rn at v/
During Bens first expedition they ran out of food.
beginnen met (sense 1),
take sth up
/tek sm p/
(Sense 1) When did you take up smoking?
opvullen (sense 2)

(Sense 2) Work takes up a lot of most peoples lives.

Word Formation
-able/-ible
accessible
/ksesb()l/ Prices
that are accessible can be afforded by most people.
toegankelijk
My Arctic expedition is just about doable, and thats whats exciting to me.
doable
/dubl/
te doen
edible
/edb()l/ If
food is not edible, it is not good enough to be eaten.
eetbaar
enjoyable
/nb()l/
We spent a very enjoyable evening together.
plezierig
feasible
/fizb()l/
My Arctic expedition is just about feasible, and thats whats exciting
uitvoerbaar

to me.
reasonable
/riz()nb()l/ Something
that seems reasonable seems sensible.
redelijk
unbearable
/nberb()l/ I
find very hot temperatures unbearable.
onverdraaglijk

selfself-belief (n)
/selfblif/

Doing things that are risky or uncomfortable makes your self-belief

get stronger.

geloof in jezelf

24

self-conscious (adj)
self-discipline (n)
self-employed (adj)

Unit 5

/selfkns/
/selfdspln/
/selfmpld/

zelfbewust
discipline
onafhankelijk

I feel self-conscious when I speak English to a native speaker.

Self-discipline is the ability to make yourself do things that are difficult.
I dont like working for other people Id rather be self-employed.

(page 46)

accidentally (adv) (TS)

/ksdent()li/ If
you do something accidentally, you do it without meaning to.
toevallig
affirmation (n)
/fmen/ An
affirmation is a statement that something is true.
bevestiging
aftershave (n)
/ftev/
Aftershave is a liquid with a pleasant smell that men put on their face
aftershave

after shaving.
aannemen
assume (v)
/sjum/ If
you assume something, you think it is true even though you have no

proof that it is.
gehecht zijn aan iets
be attached to sth
/bi tt tu/
Some people are very attached to their superstitions.
achteruit rijden
back out (phr v)
/bk at/
Dad always backs out of the drive carefully.
stuiteren
bounce (v)
/bans/ Serena
bounces the ball five times before the first serve.
een periode van pech
break a jinx
/brek ks/ If
you break a jink, you stop something that is bringing you bad luck.
doorbreken
keihard
at breakneck speed
/t breknek spid/ Someone
who drives at breakneck speed drives extremely fast.
tegen iets aankomen
brush against (phr v) (TS)
/br genst/
Nobody is allowed in the garage in case they accidentally brush

against the car.
skanderen
chant (v)
/nt/ If
you chant something, you sing a word or phrase many times.
aan het stikken
choking (adj) (TS)
/k/ If
you are choking you cannot breathe properly and are coughing

because of smoke or fumes.
tegenkomen
come across (phr v)
/km krs/ If
you come across someone, you meet them by chance.
contrasterend
contrasting (adj)
/kntrst/
Contrasting colours are colours such as black and white that are very

different from each other.
cabriolet
convertible (n)
/knvtb()l/ A
convertible is a car with a roof that can be folded back or removed

completely.
cabine
cubicle (n)
/kjubk()l/ A
shower cubicle is a small, enclosed area where you can have a

shower.
vloek
curse (n)
/ks/ A
curse is a bad situation or event caused by someone who

deliberately uses magic powers.
25

deep down (TS)

/dip dan/
diep van binnen
If you feel something deep down, you feel it even though your

behaviour may not show it.
komen door
derive from (phr v)
/drav frm/ Some
of Serenas confidence derives from the knowledge that shes a

super-talented player.
besteden
devote (v)
/dvt/ If
you devote your time to doing something, you spend a lot of time

doing that thing.
terugvallen op iets
fall back on sth (phr v)
/fl bk n sm/
Ana Ivanovic explains that she likes having rituals to fall back on.
op de eerste plaats
first and foremost
/fst n fmst/
A wedding, first and foremost, is a rite of passage to be shared with

family and close friends.
focussen
focus (v)
/fks/ If
you focus obsessively on one thing, you only think about or do that

thing.
formule
formula (n)
/fmjl/ Superstitions
form part of Serenas winning formula.
schnabbel
gig (n)
/gg/ A
gig is a performance of live music.
herhalen
go through (phr v)
/g ru/ If
you go through a routine, ritual or procedure, you do a series of

actions regularly.
idyllisch
An idyllic situation is one that is perfect and makes you feel very happy.
idyllic (adj)
/dlk/
immune (adj)
/mjun/ If
you are not immune to something, you are affected by it.
immuun
inside out (adv)
/nsad at/ Something
that is inside out has the inside part facing towards the
binnenste buiten

outside.
betovering die pech brengt
jinx (n)
/ks/ A
jinx is something that causes bad luck.
maf
loopy (adj)
/lupi/ Someone
who is loopy is slightly crazy.
samengaan
match (v)
/m/ If
things match, they look good or attractive together.
psychologisch spelletje
mind game (n)
/mand gem/ A
mind game is a series of actions intended to affect how someone

thinks or feels.
volkslied
national anthem (n)
/n()nl nm/ A
national anthem is the official national song of a country.
dwangneurose
obsessive compulsive
/bsesv kmplsv
Obsessive compulsive disorder is a type of mental illness which makes
obsessief
disorder (n)
dsd/
you repeat certain actions.
tegenstander
obsessively (adv)
/bsesvli/ If
you focus obsessively on one thing, you only think about or do that

thing.
kiezen voor
opponent (n)
/pnnt/ An
opponent in a game of sport is the person or team you are playing

against.
kleding
opt (for) (v)
/pt (f)/
Some people dont want the stress of a big wedding and opt for a

low-key affair instead.

26

outfit (n)
/atft/
zachtjes drukken
Some football fans wear the same clothing to a match if that outfit

brought victory in the previous game.
zachtjes drukken
pat down (phr v) (TS)
/pt dan/ If
you pat something down, you press it gently with your fingers.
perfectioneren
perfect (v)
/pfekt/ If
you perfect a skill, you practise it until it is perfect.
perfectionisme
perfectionism (n)
/pfek()nzm/
Perfectionism is the state of being perfect and without any mistakes.
veld
pitch (n)
/p/ A
pitch is a flat area of ground used for playing sports such as cricket

or football.
ergens over heersen
preside (over) (v)
/przad v/ If
you preside over something, you are responsible or in charge of it.
procedure
procedure (n)
/prsi/
Dad always goes through exactly the same procedure before setting

off in the car.
rationeel
rational (adj)
/r()nl/ Someone
who is rational is sensible and makes good decisions.
onuitputtelijk
relentlessly (adv)
/rlentlsli/ If
you do something relentlessly, you do it again and again without

stopping.
ergens om bekend staan
be renowned for sth
/bi rnand f sm/ If
you are renowned for something, you are associated with it and well

known for it.
naar verluid
reportedly (adv)
/rptdli/
Beckham reportedly spends hours straightening the furniture at home.
walgelijk
repulsive (adj) (TS)
/rplsv/ Something
that is repulsive is extremely unpleasant.
overal verspreid
rife (adj)
/raf/ Something
bad that is rife is very widespread and common.
A ritual is something that you do regularly and always in the same way.
ritueel
ritual (n)
/rul/
ritual-bound (adj)
/rulband/ Someone
who is ritual-bound must do something regularly in order to
dwangmatig

feel happy.
ritualistic (adj)
/rulstk/
Victoria Beckham has had to get used to Davids ritualistic ways.
ritualistisch
be on the road
/bi n rd/ If
you are on the road a lot, you travel a lot.
onderweg zijn
After the run through for the wedding, we were ready for the real thing.
run through (n)
/rn ru/
repetitie
set off (phr v)
/set f/
When you set off, you start a journey.
beginnen
shades (n pl)
/edz/
Shades is an informal word that means sunglasses.
zonnebril
sit by (phr v)
/st ba/
If one building sits by another, it is situated next to that building.
staan naast
skill (n)
/skl/ A
skill is the ability to do something, usually to do it well.
vaardigheid
skinny (adj)
/skni/ Someone
who is skinny is very thin.
mager
slam (v)
/slm/ If
you slam a door, you shut it hard, usually because you are angry.
dichtslaan
sneeze (v)
/sniz/
Strong aftershave makes me want to sneeze.
niezen
Elvis is the most sought-after soloist in the Las Vegas wedding industry.
soloist (n)
/slst/
solist
sought-after (adj)
/stft/ Someone
who is sought-after is very popular.
veelgevraagd

27

a spare pair (n)

/ spe pe/
een reserve bril
Mums always losing her glasses she should get a spare pair!
take sth a stage further
/tek sm ste f/ een stap verder gaan met
Beckham takes his rituals a stage further as everything has to be just

iets
right at home as well.
straighten (v)
/stret()n/ If
rechttrekken
you straighten something, you make it straight or put it in a straight

line.
graatmager
stick thin (adj)
/stk n/ Someone
who is stick thin is extremely thin.
Wat me opvalt is ...
What strikes me is ...
/wt straks mi z/
What strikes me is that so many celebrity marriages are short-lived.
treden
stride (v)
/strad/ If
you stride somewhere, you walk there quickly and confidently.
bijgeloof
superstition (n)
/supst()n/ A
superstition is the belief that things such as magic or luck have the

power to affect your life.
bijgelovig
superstitious (adj)
/supsts/
A lot of sports people are very superstitious.
stoppen in
tap out (phr v) (TS)
/tp at/ If
you tap out tobacco, you put it in a pipe.
wegspelen
thrash (v)
/r/ If
you thrash an opponent at sport, you beat them very easily.
op de top van je kunnen
at the top of your game
/t tp v j gem/ Someone
who is at the top of their game is playing it better than

anyone else.
nummer
track (n)
/trk/ A
track on a CD is a particular song.
instoppen
tuck up (phr v) (TS)
/tk p/
When you tuck a child up, you put him or her into bed and put a

duvet or blankets round them.
twee tandig
two-pronged (adj)
/tuprd/ Something
that is two-pronged has two long, sharp points at the end

of it.
oneven
uneven (adj)
/niv()n/
2,4,6,8 are even numbers; 1,3,5,7. are uneven numbers.
voordeel hebben
have the upper hand
/hv i p hnd/ If
you have the upper hand in a situation, you are in control of it.
vandaliseren
vandalise (v)
/vndlaz/ If
you vandalise something, you deliberately damage or destroy it.

Useful Phrases
Things that annoy you
I cant stand it when ...
/a knt stnd t wen/

I find it irritating when ...
/a fand t rtet wen/
I hate it when ...
/a het t wen/
It really annoys me when ...
/t rli nz mi wen/

Ik kan er niet tegen als

Ik vind het irritant als
Ik heb er een hekel aan als
Ik baal er echt van als

28

I cant stand it when people say they havent done any work for an
exam and then get top marks!
I find it irritating when people keep losing things.
I hate it when men wear too much aftershave.
It really annoys me when my brother and his girlfriend kiss in front of
me!

It really winds me up when ... /t rli wandz mi p

wen/
The thing that annoys me
/ t nz mi
most ...
mst/

Ik kan me kwaad maken als It really winds me up when people who are thin talk about how fat
they are.
Waar ik de meeste last van
The thing that annoys me most is people who talk but never listen.
heb ...

How something makes you feel

It makes me mad.
/t meks mi md/
It makes me sick.
/t meks mi sk/

Its so annoying.
/ts s n/
That really gets on my nerves. /t rli gets n ma

nvz/

Het maakt me kwaad.

Ik word er misselijk van.
Het is zo irritant.
Daar kan ik slecht tegen.

It makes me mad when mum keeps losing her glasses!

It makes me sick when my brother and his girlfriend hug and kiss in
front of me!
She talks all the way through films. Its so annoying.
She complains all the time about being fat, and shes stick thin. That
really gets on my nerves.

Weddings
aisle (n)
/al/ The
aisle is the long, narrow part of a church that you walk down
gangpad

before you get married.
annul (v)
/nl/
When a marriage is annulled, it is declared officially that it is no longer
nietig verklaren

legal.
bruidsjonker
best man (n)
/best mn/ The
best man is a male friend who helps the groom at a wedding.
boeket
bouquet of flowers (n)
/buke v flaz/
In the UK, its a ritual for the bride to throw a bouquet of flowers into

the crowd of guests.
bruid
bride (n)
/brad/
Its traditional for Muslim brides to have their hands and feet

decorated in henna designs.
bruidsmeisje
bridesmaid (n)
/bradzmed/ A
bridesmaid is a girl or young woman who helps the bride at a

wedding.
ceremonie
ceremony (n)
/sermni/ The
wedding ceremony was presided over by Ron DeCar, also known

as Elvis.
een ceremonie houden
conduct a ceremony/service
/kndkt sermni/
Rebecca said shes only marry Mat if Elvis conducted the service.

svs/
confetti
confetti (n)
/knfeti/
Confetti is small pieces of coloured paper that people throw in the air

at a wedding.
drive-through kerk
drive-through chapel (n)
/dravru p()l/ A
drive-through chapel is one that you can travel through in your car.
uitgebreid
elaborate (adj) (TS)
/lb()rt/
Moroccan weddings are elaborate affairs and preparations take weeks.

29

exchange vows
/ksen vaz/
When a couple exchange vows, they make promises to each other
geloftes uitwisselen

during a wedding ceremony.
get married
/get mrd/
One in six couples now prefer to get married abroad.
trouwen
go out of fashion
/g at v f()n/
In Britain, the traditional white wedding is going out of fashion.
uit de mode raken
groom (n)
/grum/ The
groom is the man who is getting married.
bruidegom
henna (n)
/hen/
Henna is a red-brown substance used for colouring hair or skin.
henna
honeymoon (n)
/hnimun/ A
honeymoon is a holiday that a couple have after their wedding.
huwelijksreis
in-laws (n pl)
/nlz/
Your in-laws are the parents of your husband or wife.
schoonouders
lavish (adj)
/lv/ A
lavish wedding is one that is extremely expensive.
luxueus
limousine (n)
/lmzin/ A
limousine is a large, expensive, comfortable car.
limousine
low-key (adj)
/lki/ A
low-key wedding is one that does not cost a lot of money and to
onopvallend

which not many guests are invited.
een speech geven
make a speech
/mek spi/
Its traditional for the groom and best man to make a speech.
Matrimonial is a word that means relating to a wedding or marriage.
conjugaal
matrimonial (adj)
/mtrmnil/
modest (adj)
/mdst/ A
modest wedding is one that does not cost a lot of money and to
bescheiden

which not many guests are invited.
your nearest and dearest
/j nrst n drst/
Your nearest and dearest is an expression meaning your family.
de mensen dichtbij je
No wonder there is/are ...
/n wnd er z//
Millions of people get married in Vegas no wonder there are
Geen wonder dat er ... zijn

wedding chapels round every corner.

once-in-a-lifetime
/wnsnlaftam/
Honeymoons are a once-in-a-lifetime holiday.
n keer in je leven
package (n)
/pk/ The
wedding package in Las Vegas included limo, video, three songs
pakket

and twenty-four photos.
photographer (n)
/ftgrf/
Wedding photographers are people who are paid to take photographs
fotograaf

at weddings.
pin money on sth
/pn mni n sm/
At Muslim weddings, guests pin money on the bridegrooms suit.
geld op iemand prikken
pose (n)
/pz/ A
pose is another word for a photograph.
pose
A priest is a person who conducts the service during a religious wedding.
priest (n)
/prist/
priester
pronounce you man and wife /prnans ju mn n
I now pronounce you man and wife are the words that are said at
tot echtgenoot en

waf/
the end of a wedding ceremony.
echtgenote verklaren
propose a toast
/prpz tst/
When the best man proposes a toast, he says that the guests at a
drinken op

wedding reception should drink together to send best wishes to the

bride and groom.
purify (v) (TS)
/pjrfa/
In Morocco, the bride has a milk bath, which is supposed to purify her.
zuiveren

30

reception (n)
/rsep()n/ A
receptie
wedding reception is a formal party after a wedding.
ring (n)
/r/ A
ring
wedding ring is a piece of jewellery that someone who is married

wears on their finger.
initiatierite
rite of passage (n)
/rat v ps/ A
rite of passage is a ceremony that marks an important stage in

someones life.
uit elkaar gaan
separate (v)
/sepret/
Rene Zellwegger and her husband separated after four months of

marriage.
kort
short-lived (adj)
/tlvd/
Celebrities are renowned for their short-lived marriages.
zeer lange limousine
superstretch limo (n)
/supstre lm/ A
superstretch limo is a large, expensive car that is very long.
rijst gooien
throw rice
/r ras/ Sometimes
guests throw rice over the bride and groom as they leave

the church.
in het huwelijksbootje
tie the knot
/ta nt/
Tie the knot is an informal expression meaning to get married.
stappen
sluier
veil (n)
/vel/ A
veil is a thin piece of material worn over a womans face.
gelofte
vow (n)
/va/ A
vow is a promise that you make to someone when you marry them.
met iemand door het
walk (sb) down the aisle
/wk dan i al/
Fathers are often very proud to walk their daughters down the aisle.
gangpad lopen
bruiloftstaart
wedding cake (n)
/wed kek/ A
wedding cake is a special cake that is eaten during a wedding

reception.
huwelijkskado
wedding present (n)
/wed prez()nt/
The crystal vase was a wedding present from friends.
witte bruiloft
white wedding (n)
/wat wed/ A
white wedding is a traditional wedding where the bride is dressed

in white.
wereldlijke bezittingen
worldly goods (n pl) (TS)
/wldli gdz/
Worldly goods are your possessions.

Unit 6

(page 56)

abandon (v)
/bndn/ If
you abandon someone or something, you leave it and no longer care
verlaten

about it.

alarming (adj)
/lm/
Alarming means very frightening.
alarmerend
alert (v)
/lt/ If
you alert someone to something, you do something to make them
waakzaam zijn

realise what is happening.

31

approximate (adj)
/prksmt/ An
min of meer
approximate figure or size is one that is close to a particular figure

or size, but not exact.
ouderwets
archaic (adj)
/kek/
Archaic means very old or old-fashioned.
vermijdbaar
avoidable (adj)
/vdb()l/ Something
that is avoidable could be stopped and should not happen.
terugstoot
backlash (n)
/bkl/ A
backlash against something is a strong reaction against something

you do not like.
bij
bee (n)
/bi/ A
bee is a yellow and black insect that produces honey.
vogelgriep
bird flu (n)
/bd flu/
Bird flu is a dangerous disease that affects both birds and people.
opzwellen
bulge (v)
/bl/ If
your eyes bulge, they stick out and look bigger than usual.
kanker
cancer (n)
/kns/
Cancer is a dangerous disease that affects different parts of the body

and can kill you.
gekoeld
chilled (adj)
/ld/
Chilled wine is very cold.
schoonmaken
clean up (phr v)
/klin p/
Wall-E is a robot who cleans up the polluted planet.
klimaatverandering
climate change (n)
/klamt en/
Climate change is the changes that people think are making the

weather in the world warmer.
doodkist
coffin (n)
/kfn/ A
coffin is a box in which you put the body of a dead person.
gecombineerd
combined (adj)
/kmband/
The meat industry produces more greenhouse gases than all the cars,

trains and planes in the world combined.
goed lukken
come out (phr v)
/km at/
If something you cook comes out well, it is very well cooked and good

to eat.
complimenten naar de chef. Compliments to the chef is an expression you use to say how much
Compliments to the chef.
/kmplmnts t ef/

you have enjoyed someones cooking.
compromiteren
compromise (v)
/kmprmaz/
Vegetarians believe that eating meat compromises their beliefs.
studie doen
conduct a study
/kndkt stdi/ The
study into food waste was conducted by the Waste & Resources

Action Programme.
kleine afgesloten ruimte
confined space (n)
/knfand spes/
Confined spaces are places where there is not enough room to move.
consumeren
consume (v)
/knsjum/ If
you consume food or drink, you eat or drink it.
consumptie
consumption (n)
/knsmp()n/ The
consumption of bottled water has increased.
bijdrage
contributor (n)
/kntrbjt/
Water bottles are a major contributor to global warming.
overtuigend
convincing (adj)
/knvns/ Something
that is convincing seems true or good.
Corked wine tastes unpleasant because the cork in the bottle is damaged.
gekurkt
corked (adj)
/kkt/
cram (v)
/krm/
Animals are treated badly and crammed into confined spaces.
volproppen
cruelty (n)
/krulti/ Ive
stopped eating meat because Im against cruelty to animals.
wreedheid

32

deprive sb of sth (phr v)

/dprav smbdi If
een tekort hebben aan iets
you are deprived of something, you do not get enough of it.

sm/
ontwikkelingslanden
developing countries (n pl)
/dvelp kntriz/
Developing countries are countries that are poor.
diabetes
diabetes (n)
/dabitiz/
Diabetes is a medical condition in which your body cannot reduce the

amount of sugar in your blood.
afdanken
discard (v)
/dskd/
When you discard something, you throw it away.
afgedankt
discarded (adj)
/dskdd/
Discarded water bottles release dangerous substances into the air.
vermomming
disguise yourself (v refl)
/dzgaz jself/ If
you disguise yourself, you wear something that hides your real

appearance.
wegdoen
dispose of sth (phr v)
/dspz v sm/
When you dispose of something, you throw it away.
je steentje bijdragen
do your bit
/du j bt/ If
you do your bit, you make an effort to help.
dumpen
dump (v)
/dmp/
(Sense 1) If you dump something, you get rid of something that is no

longer wanted or needed.

(Sense 2) If you dump someone, you end a romantic relationship with

them in an unkind way.
electrische schok
electric shock (n)
/lektrk k/ An
electric shock is a sudden pain that you feel if your body comes

into contact with electricity.
elimineren
eliminate (v)
/lmnet/ If
you eliminate meat from your diet, youre less likely to get heart

disease.
emissies
emissions (n pl)
/m()nz/
Car, train and plane emissions are one of the biggest causes of


greenhouse gases.
uitstoten
emit (v)
/mt/
Cars, trains and planes all emit polluting gases.
ontmoeten
encounter (v)
/nkant/
Can you remember the worst waiter youve ever encountered?
energie besparende
energy-saving (adj)
/enisev/
Energy-saving light bulbs use less electricity.
inschatten
estimate (v)
/estmet/ The
study estimated that the average UK household throws away 18%

of all food purchased.
vervallen
expire (v)
/kspa/
I prefer not to eat food once the best before date has expired.
vetmesten
fatten up (phr v)
/ft()n p/ If
you fatten an animal up, you feed it so it gets fatter.
vin
fin (n)
/fn/ A
fin is the flat, thin part of a fish.
bevindingen
findings (n pl)
/fandz/ The
findings of a study are its results or the things it discovers.
flirten met
flirt (with) (v)
/flt w/ She
was furious when her boyfriend started flirting with the waitress.
mond- en- klauwzeer
foot-and-mouth (n)
/ftnma/
Foot-and-mouth is a very infectious disease that affects sheep, cows

and pigs.

33

fuel-efficient (adj)
/fjulf()nt/ A
brandstof-bekwaam
fuel-efficient car does not use much petrol.
Fuel-intensive machines or activities use large amounts of gas, petrol etc.
fuel-intensive (adj)
/fjulntensv/
brandstof-intensief
fussy (adj)
/fsi/
Friends treat me as an eccentric animal-lover with a fussy attitude to
kieskeurig

food.
genetisch veranderd
genetically altered (adj)
/netkli ltd/ A
genetically altered animal has had substances in its body changed to

achieve a particular purpose.
gebaar
gesture (n)
/es/
People sometimes use hand gestures to communicate.
broeikaseffect
global warming (n)
/glb()l wm/
Global warming is the increase in the Earths temperature.
broeikas gassen
greenhouse gases (n pl)
/grinhas gsz/
Car, train and plane emissions are one of the biggest causes of


greenhouse gases.
peper malen
grind pepper
/grand pep/
When you grind pepper, you break it into smaller pieces.
gevaarlijk
hazardous (adj)
/hzds/
Hazardous substances are dangerous.
groot nieuws zijn
be in the headlines
/bi n hedlanz/
When something is in the headlines, it is talked about a lot in

newspapers or on TV.
hartkwaal
heart disease (n)
/ht dziz/
If you eliminate meat from your diet, youre less likely to get heart

disease.
denkbeeldig
imaginary (adj)
/mnri/ Something
that is imaginary is made to look real although it is not.
binnen de datum
in date
/n det/
Food that is in date is fresh enough to be eaten.
verbrandingsoven
incinerator (n)
/nsnret/
Plastic water bottles are burned in industrial incinerators.
opdringerig
intrusive (adj) (TS)
/ntrusv/ Someone
who is intrusive asks too many questions or becomes too

involved in something.
afvalstort
landfill (n)
/lndfl/ A
landfill is a large hole in the ground where rubbish is buried.
If you lapse, you stop doing something that you should do or want to do.
opgeven
lapse (v)
/lps/
launch (v)
/ln/ If
you launch something, you officially start or introduce it.
lanceren
ligature (n)
/lg/ A
ligature is a piece of material that you tie round something.
verbinding
light bulb (n)
/lat blb/ Energy-saving
light bulbs use less electricity.
gloeilamp
loosely (adv)
/lusli/
If you hold something loosely, you do not hold it very tight.
los
manufacturing (n)
/mnjfkr/ The
manufacturing of plastic bottles requires large amounts of
vervaardiging

petroleum.
maximise (v)
/mksmaz/
All companies want to maximise profits.
maximaliseren
make mental notes
/mek ment()l nts
een aantekening in je hoofd If you make mental notes about something, you try hard to remember it.
about sth (TS)
bat sm/
maken

34

mime (n)
/mam/ A
imitatie
mime is a series of actions that imitate something.
mimic (v)
/mmk/
imiteren
People used to mimic signing a cheque when they wanted the bill in a

restaurant.
minimaliseren
minimise (v)
/mnmaz/
Companies are always trying to minimise their costs.
moreel superieur
the moral high ground
/ mrl ha grand/
If someone takes the moral high ground, they think they are a better

person than you.
onnodig
needlessly (adv)
/nidlsli/
3.6m tonnes of food is needlessly thrown away in England and Wales

each year.
ziek zijn
be off sick
/bi f sk/
When people are off sick, they do not go to work because they are ill.
overgeboekt
overbooked (adj)
/vbkt/ The
restaurants overbooked and there are two waiters off sick!
verkoken
overcook (v)
/vkk/ Its
very easy to overcook rice.
overvol
over-crowded (adj)
/vkradd/
Keeping animals in overcrowded conditions is cruel.
te lang gekookt
overdone (adj)
/vdn/
If a steak is overdone, it has been cooked for too long.
the overwhelming majority
/i vwelm mrti/ de overweldigende
The overwhelming majority of plastic water bottles arent recycled.
meerderheid
peper molen
pepper mill (n)
/pep ml/ A
pepper mill is a piece of equipment used for adding pepper to food.
PIN-nummer
PIN number (n)
/pn nmb/ A
PIN number is a personal number that you put into a cash machine

when you want to get money.
Het heeft geen zin om ... te
Theres no point doing sth.
/ez n pnt n
Theres no point driving a fuel-efficient car if you eat meat every day
doen.

du sm/
of your life.
portie
portion (n)
/pn/ A
portion of food is enough for one person.
luxueus
posh (adj)
/p/
Posh means expensive and fashionable.
programmeren
programme (v)
/prgrm/
Wall-E is a robot who has been programmed to clean up the planet.
neiging hebben
be prone to
/bi prn tu/
People who eat a lot of meat are more prone to serious illnesses.
intikken
punch in (phr v)
/pn n/
By stabbing the palm of your hand with your fingers, you are miming

the act of punching in your PIN number.
aanschaffen
purchase (v)
/ps/
Purchase is a slightly formal word meaning buy.
kant-en-klaar maaltijd
ready meal (n)
/redi mil/ A
ready meal is one that you buy that is already cooked and can be

put straight into the oven.
reciproceren
reciprocate (v)
/rsprket/ If
you reciprocate someones feelings, you have the same feelings for

them as they have for you.
regelingen
regulations (n pl)
/regjle()nz/
Regulations are official rules.
ontladen
release (v)
/rlis/
Factories create toxic waste and release it into the environment.
Holding your hands a small distance apart is a way of requesting the bill.
aanvragen
request (v)
/rkwest/
35

reveal (v)
/rvil/ The
onthullen
study revealed that 9 billion of avoidable food waste was

disposed of each year.
rollend
roll-over (adj)
/rlv/
If you make a roll-over gesture with your hand, you move one hand

over the other in a circular movement.
roteren
rotate (v)
/rtet/ If
you rotate something, you move it in a circle.
specerij
seasoning (n)
/siz()n/
Salt and pepper are both types of seasoning.
daglicht zien
see the light of day
/si lat v de/
Animals who dont see the light of day live in dark conditions.
versturen
ship (v)
/p/ If
products are shipped somewhere, they travel to a place by ship.
tekort
shortage (n)
/t/
When you think of food shortages in some countries, wasting food is

very shocking.
schuwen
shun (v)
/n/ If
you shun something, you avoid it.
simuleren
simulate (v)
/smjlet/ If
you simulate something, you pretend to do something.
tegelijkertijd
simultaneously (adv)
/smltenisli/ Two
things that happen simultaneously happen at the same time.
overslaan
skip (v)
/skp/ If
you skip a meal, you do not have it.
slachten
slaughter (v)
/slt/
Animals are slaughtered for their meat.
doorweekt
soggy (adj)
/sgi/ Something
that is soggy is wet in an unpleasant way.
verbreid
spread (n)
/spred/
Animals are kept in conditions ideal for the spread of diseases such as

bird flu.
verpletteren
squash (v)
/skw/ If
you squash something, you press it hard.
op de hurken zitten
squat down (phr v) (TS)
/skwt dan/ If
you squat down, you bend your knees towards the ground so you

are balancing on your feet.
samendrukken
squeeze (v)
/skwiz/ If
you squeeze two things together, you press them together hard.
steken
stab (v)
/stb/
Stab the palm of your hand to mimic punching in your PIN number.
onthutsend
staggering (adj)
/stgr/ A
staggering fact or amount is one that is very surprising.
verhongeren
be starving
/bi stv/
People who are starving do not have enough food to eat.
afblijven
stay off (phr v)
/ste f/ If
you stay off something, you do not consume it.
A stroke is a medical condition in which blood does not reach the brain.
beroerte
stroke (n)
/strk/
substitute (v)
/sbsttjut/ If
you substitute one thing for another, you use it instead of the other
vervangen

thing.
suburban (adj)
/sbbn/ A
suburban restaurant is away from the centre of a town or city.
in de buitenwijk
suffering (n)
/sfr/
She became a vegetarian because she hated animal suffering.
lijden
swell (v)
/swel/ If
one thing swells another, it makes it bigger.
zwellen
throw away (phr v)
/r we/
The British public throw away an alarming amount of food.
wegwerpen

36

tip (v)
/tp/ If
fooi geven
you tip someone, you give them a small amount of extra money.
tooth decay (n)
/tu dke/
tandbederf
Tooth decay is the gradual destruction of your teeth.
toxic waste (n)
/tksk west/
toxic afval
Factories produce toxic waste that harms the environment.
toxin (n)
/tksn/
gifstof
Toxins are poisonous substances.
tremble (v)
/trembl/ If
trillen
part of your body trembles, it shakes slightly.
sbs true love
/smbdz tru lv/
iemands echte liefde
Someones true love is the person they love the most.
untouched (adj)
/ntt/
onberoerd
60% of all food waste is untouched.
Something that is in an upright position is in a tall and straight position.
upright (adj)
/prat/
rechtopstaand
use by/best before date (n)
/juz ba/best bf det/ The
use-by or best before date is the date before which food should
vervaldatum

be eaten.
vast (adj)
/vst/
Vast means extremely large.
enorm
virtually (adv)
/vli/
Discarded water bottles are causing problems in virtually every country
praktisch

in the world.
wastefulness (n)
/westf()lns/
Food wastefulness is shocking.
verkwisting
wear down (phr v)
/we dan/ If
you wear something down, you use it so much it becomes damaged.
verslijten
welfare (n)
/welfe/
People who are interested in animal welfare care about animals.
welzijn
wig (n)
/wg/ A
wig is artificial hair that you wear on your head.
pruik

Parts of the Body

bend your elbows/legs/knees /bend j elbz/legz/ niz/ If
you bend your elbows, legs or knees, you stretch them into a curved
ellebogen/benen/knien

position.
buigen
clench your fist/hands
/klen j fst/hndz/ If
you clench your fist or hands, you press it/them closely together.
vuist/handen ballen
hold your hand up
/hld j hnd p/ If
you hold your hand up, you put it in the air.
hand opsteken
hold your head up
/hld j hed p/ If
you hold your head up, you look straight ahead and do not look
hoofd opheffen

down.
hold your thumb up
/hld j m p/ If
you hold your thumb up, you put it in the air, often to show that
je duim opsteken

you approve of something.

clench your teeth
/klen j ti/ If
you clench your teeth, you press them together because you are
je tanden bijten

angry or upset.
index finger
/ndeks fg/
Your index finger is the finger next to your thumb.
wijsvinger
palm of your hand
/pm v j hnd/ The
palm of your hand is the flat part on the inside of your hand.
palm van de hand
shake your finger
/ek j fg/ If
you shake your finger, you move it about.
vinger schudden
If you shake your fist, you move your hand, often because you are angry.
shake your fist
/ek j fst/
vuist schudden

37

shake your head

/ek j hed/ If
you shake your head, you move it from side to side, often as a way
hoofd schudden

of saying no.

stick your chest out
/stk j est at/ If
you stick your chest out, you walk in a way that pushes it out at the
je borst vooruit steken

front of your body.
been uitstrekken
stick your leg out
/stk j leg at/ If
you stick your leg out, you stretch it in front of you.
tong uitsteken
stick your tongue out
/stk j t at/ If
you stick your tongue out, you push it out of your mouth, usually as

way of being rude to someone.
arm/hand opsteken
raise your arm/hand
/rez jr m/hnd/ If
you raise your arm or hand, you put it in the air.
wenkbrauw opheffen
raise your eyebrows
/rez jr abraz/ If
you raise your eyebrows, you move them upwards, often to show

you are surprised.

Food
Collocations
fast food (n)
/fst fud/
Fast food is food that is made and served very quickly.
fast food
organic food (n)
/gnk fud/
Organic food is produced without artificial chemicals.
biologisch voedsel
plain food (n)
/plen fud/
Plain food is simple and not exotic.
eenvoudig voedsel
rich food (n)
/r fud/
Rich food is contains a lot of butter, cream or eggs.
vettig eten
stodgy food (n)
/sti fud/
Stodgy food is solid and not pleasant to eat.
zwaar voedsel
vegetarian food (n)
/veterin fud/
Vegetarian food is food that does not contain meat or fish.
vegetarisch voedsel
gourmet meal (n)
/gme mil/ A
gourmet meal consists of food of a very high quality.
gourmet maaltijd
heavy/light meal (n)
/hevi/lat mil/ A
heavy meal makes your stomach feel very full; a light meal does not
zware/lichte maaltijd

make your stomach feel full.
kant-en-klaar maaltijd
ready-made meal (n)
/redimed mil/ A
ready-made meal is one that you buy that is already cooked and can

be put straight into the oven.
grote maaltijd
square meal (n)
/skwe mil/ A
square meal is a large meal that satisfies you when you feel hungry.
drie-gangen maaltijd
three-course meal (n)
/riks mil/ A
three-course meal consists of a starter, main course and dessert.
vegetarische maaltijd
vegetarian meal (n)
/veterin mil/ A
vegetarian meal does not contain meat or fish.
koud gerecht
cold dish (n)
/kld d/ A
cold dish has been cooked but is not eaten hot.
visgerecht
fish dish (n)
/f d/ A
fish dish consists mainly of fish.
A local dish is one that is eaten a lot in the region or area where you are.
lokaal gerecht
local dish (n)
/lk()l d/
main dish (n)
/men d/ A
main dish is the one you eat after a starter and before a dessert.
hoofdgerecht
regional dish (n)
/ri()nl d/ A
regional dish is one that is eaten a lot in a particular region.
regionaal gerecht
serving dish (n)
/sv d/ A
serving dish is a large plate or dish that you serve food from.
serveer schotel

38

vegetarian dish (n)

/veterin d/ A
vegetarian dish does not contain meat or fish.
vegetarisch gerecht
dessert plate (n)
/dzt plet/ A
dessert plate is one that you eat a dessert on.
toetje bord
dinner plate (n)
/dn plet/ A
dinner plate is a large plate that you eat a main course on.
diner bord
side plate (n)
/sad plet/ A
side plate is a small plate that you put a piece of bread on.
kant bord
bland flavour
/blnd flev/
Food that has a bland flavour does not have much taste.
flauw
distinctive flavour
/dstktv flev/
Food that has a distinctive flavour tastes unusual.
onderscheidende smaak
subtle flavour
/st()l flev/
Food that has a subtle flavour has a delicate, pleasant flavour.
subtiele smaak
unmistakable flavour
/nmstekb()l flev/
Food that has an unmistakable flavour has a flavour that is easy to
onmiskenbare smaak

recognise.
la carte menu (n)
/ l kt menju/ An
la carte menu has dishes that are priced separately.
la carte menu
extensive menu
/kstenv menju/ An
extensive menu has a large choice of dishes.
uitgebreid menu
set menu (n)
/set menju/ A
set menu offers a limited choice of dishes for a fixed price.
beperkt menu

Idioms
the best thing since
/ best sns slast
If you think that someone or something is the best thing since sliced
het beste idee sinds
sliced bread
bred/
bread, you think they are very good.
voorgesneden brood
a big cheese
/ bg iz/
A big cheese is someone who is very important.
hoge ome
butter sb up
/bt smbdi p/ If
you butter someone up, you are very nice to them.
vleien
go as red as a beetroot
/g z red z bitrut/ If
you go as red as a beetroot, your face goes very red because you
zo rood als een kreeft

are embarrassed or ashamed.
worden
feel a real lemon
/fil rl lemn/ If
you feel a real lemon, you feel very stupid.
je oliedom voelen
as nice as pie
/z nas z pa/ If
someone is as nice as pie, they are very polite or charming.
zeer vriendelijk
pay peanuts
/pe pints/ If
you pay peanuts for something, you pay a very small amount of
voor een habbekrats kopen

money for something.
pear-shaped
/peept/ If
something goes pear-shaped, it goes very wrong.
in het honderd
a recipe for disaster
/ respi f dzst/ A
situation that is a recipe for disaster is one in which things will go
een recept voor rampspoed

very wrong.
take sth with a pinch of salt
/tek sm w If
you take something with a pinch of salt, you only believe part of
iets met een korreltje zout

pn v slt/
what you hear.
nemen
a smart cookie
/ smt kki/
A smart cookie is someone who is very intelligent.
een slimme vogel
spill the beans
/spl binz/ If
you spill the beans, you tell someone something that is secret.
je mond voorbij praten
walk on eggshells
/wk n egelz/
If you feel you have to walk on eggshells, you feel you have to be very
op eieren lopen

careful.

39

Linkers
although
/l/
Although hes rich he seems unhappy.
alhoewel
and
(weak) /n/ (weak) /nd/
Being a vegetarian isnt easy and Im in danger of lapsing.
en

(strong) /nd/

but
/bt/
Being a vegetarian isnt easy but Im glad I did it.
maar
consequently
/knskwntli/
Animals are kept in overcrowded conditions. Consequently disease
derhalve

spreads quickly.

Even though there is enough food for everyone, people are still starving.
even though
/iv()n /
even
finally
/fan()li/
Finally, I became a vegetarian for health reasons.
eindelijk
furthermore
/fm/
If you dont eat meat youre less likely to have heart disease.
verder

Furthermore, vegetarians are less likely to develop cancer.
however
/haev/
Cars, trains and planes produce a lot of greenhouse gases. However,
echter

the meat industry is worse than all of them put together.
in other words
/n wdz/
You use the expression in other words to introduce another way of
met andere woorden

expressing something.
uiteindelijk
On balance ...
/n blns/
On balance, Im very happy to be a vegetarian.
of
or
// Im
a vegetarian or, as a friend put it, I no longer eat anything with a

face or a fin.
daardoor
as a result
/z rzlt/
Conditions are overcrowded. As a result disease spreads quickly.
tweede
secondly
/sekn(d)li/
Secondly is a word you use to introduce the second point in a

discussion or argument.
zo
so
/s/ The
food industry is focused on profits and so they dont care about

animal welfare.
Resumeren ...
To sum up ...
/t sm p/
To sum up, if you cant be a vegetarian, cutting down on meat and fish

is a good start.
Daar komt bij ...
What is more ...
/wt z m/
What is more is an expression that you use to introduce another

point in a discussion or argument.

Review B
for ages
disastrous (adj)

(page 66)
/fr ez/ If
you have done something for ages, you have done it for a long time.
tijdenlang
/dzstrs/ Something
that is disastrous has very bad results.
rampzalig
40

intrepid (adj)
/ntrepd/ Someone
who is intrepid is brave and not afraid to take risks.
moedig
march (v)
/m/ If
you march somewhere, you walk there quickly and in a determined
marcheren

way.
purposefully (adv)
/ppsf()li/ If
you do something purposefully, you do it in a determined way.
doelbewust
scream (v)
/skrim/ If
you scream, you suddenly shout or make a loud noise because you
gillen

are frightened.

Unit 7

(page 68)

be in agony (TS)
/bi n gni/
After the first days cycling my bottom was in agony!
hevige pijn hebben
Arty people are interested in things such as painting, music and theatre.
arty (adj)
/ti/
artistiek
attachment (n)
/tmnt/ I
just dont understand the British attachment to the seaside.
bijlage
beyond the reach of ...
/bjnd ri v/ If
someone is beyond the reach of reason, they are not sensible or
niet voor rede vatbaar

balanced.
boast (v)
/bst/
If a city or place boasts a well-known landmark or area, that landmark
pochen

or area is admired by other people.
bookish (adj)
/bk/ Someone
who is bookish enjoys studying and reading books.
leesgraag
be bound to do sth
/bi band t du sm/
A jokey card is bound to raise a smile.
gegarandeerd
teweegbrengen
A cable car is a small vehicle that takes people up and down mountains.
cable car (n)
/keb()l k/
kabelwagen
caring (adj)
/ker/ A
caring person is kind and helpful towards other people.
bezorgd
city dweller (n)
/sti dwel/
City dwellers are people who live in cities.
stad dweller
click (n)
/klk/
The man was sleeping but the click of the camera woke him up.
klik
compulsory (adj) (TS)
/kmplsri/ If
something is compulsory, the rules say you have to do it.
verplicht
crisp (adj)
/krsp/
Crisp air is cool and refreshing in a pleasant way.
fris
be one of the crowd
/bi wn v krad/ If
you dont want to be one of the crowd, you want people to realise
n van de velen zijn

that you are different from or better than other people.
culture vulture (n)
/kl vl/ A
culture vulture is a person who is interested in sightseeing and
cultuur gier

learning about things.
cycling shorts (n pl)
/sakl ts/
Cycling shorts are tight shorts that go down to your knee worn for
wielersport kniebroek

riding a bike.

41

demanding (adj)
/dmnd/ A
demanding person always wants your attention.
veeleisend
devilish (adj)
/dev()l/
Devilish behaviour is difficult or causes problems.
duivels
disturbing (adj)
/dstb/ Something
that is disturbing shocks people.
verontrustend
double-check (v)
/dblek/ If
you double-check something, you check it a second time to make
dubbelchecken

sure it is right.
downright (adv)
/danrat/
That wasnt just foolish it was downright irresponsible!
volkomen
doze (v)
/dz/ If
someone dozes, they sleep for a short time.
sluimeren
emerge (v)
/m/
When you emerge from a place, you finally leave it.
vertrekken
endless (adj)
/endls/
The children have endless competitions to see who can behave in the
eindloos

most devilish way!
exhibit (n)
/gzbt/
I was so sunburned a dermatologist invited me to a convention as an
voorbeeld

exhibit!
the final straw
/ fan()l str/
The final straw is the last of a series of events that makes someone
de laatste druppel

feel very angry or upset.
a fleet of boats
/ flit v bts/
A fleet of boats is a group of boats owned by the same person or
een vloot van boten

organization.
flowery (adj)
/flari/
Flowery language contains a lot of complicated words.
ingewikkeld
frankly (adv)
/frkli/
Frankly, I have never understood the British attachment to the seaside.
eerlijk gezegd
go down (phr v)
/g dan/
If a drink goes down well, you swallow it and enjoy it.
naar beneden gaan
go out of your way
/g at v j we/
Arty people go out of their way to find unusual postcards.
moeite doen
go wrong
/g r/
You cant go wrong with a pint of Guinness!
misgaan
be a handful
/bi hndfl/
Children who are a handful are difficult to control.
druk zijn
head (for) (v)
/hed (f)/
In summer a lot of people head for the coast.
vertrekken richting
heartbreaking (adj)
/htbrek/ Something
that is heartbreaking is extremely sad.
hartverscheurend
hellish (adj)
/hel/ A
hellish experience is very difficult or unpleasant.
hels
humourless (adj)
/hjumls/ Someone
who is humourless is too serious.
humorloos
image-conscious (adj)
/mkns/ An
image-conscious person cares about what people think of them
imago-bewust

and their appearance.
indecisive (adj)
/ndsasv/ Someone
who is indecisive cannot make decisions.
onbeslist
inseparable (adj)
/nsepr()bl/
Gill and Ash spent the rest of the holiday together and became
onscheidbaar

inseparable.
irresistible (adj)
/rzstbl/ Someone
who is irresistible is very attractive.
onweerstaanbaar
irresponsible (adj)
/rspnsbl/
That wasnt just foolish it was downright irresponsible!
onverantwoordelijk

42

joker (n)
/k/ A
joker is someone who enjoys jokes and having fun.
grappenmaker
jokey (adj)
/ki/ Something
that is jokey is amusing.
grappig
juicy (adj)
/usi/ A
juicy steak is tasty and contains a lot of juice.
sappig
legacy (n)
/legsi/ A
legacy is something that you leave to someone or something after
erfenis

you have died.
long-winded (adj)
/lwndd/ A
long-winded description contains too much complicated language.
breedsprakig
Someone who loves the sound of their own voice, enjoys talking rather
love the sound of your
/lv sand v jr
zichzelf graag horen praten
own voice
n vs/
than listening.
have a nap
/hv np/ Im
tired Im going to have a nap.
een dutje doen
nibble (at)
/nbl (t) / If
you nibble something, you take small bites out of it.
knabbel
nip (v)
/np/ The
dog nipped me on the hand for eating his sandwich.
bijten
no-nonsense (adj)
/nnnsns/ A
no-nonsense person does things quickly and effectively without
geen-onzin

worrying.
observation (n)
/bzven/
Observations are comments that someone makes about something.
observatie
padded (adj) (TS)
/pdd/
Padded cycling shorts have thick material at the back that protects
gevuld

your bottom.
parking permit (n)
/pk pmt/ A
parking permit is a document that allows you to park in a particular
parkeervergunning

place.
parking restrictions (n pl)
/pk rstrk()nz/
Parking restrictions are official rules that say where you are allowed to
parkeerregels

park and for how long.
playful (adj)
/plefl/ A
playful gesture is friendly and funny.
speels
the prospect of
/ prspekt v/ The
author hates the prospect of a day on the beach.
het vooruitzicht van
put your foot down
/pt j ft dan/ If
you put your foot down, you refuse to do something.
je grens aangeven
raise a smile
/rez smal/
A jokey card is bound to raise a smile.
aan het lachen maken
range in age
/ren n e/
My children range in age from 6 months to 5 years old.
varieren in leeftijd
relentless (adj)
/rlentls/ A
relentless activity is one that never stops, especially in a way that is
meedogenloos

annoying.
have right of way
/hv rat v we/
Cyclists and pedestrians have right of way over car drivers.
voorrang
saying (n)
/se/ A
saying is a well-known phrase or expression.
gezegde
seafront (n)
/sifrnt/ The
seafront is the part of a town or city that looks out over the sea.
promenade aan de kust
serenely (adv)
/srinli/ If
you say something serenely, you say it quietly and calmly.
rustig
shade (n)
/ed/
Its too hot here. Lets find a place in the shade.
schaduw
sharp (adj)
/p/ A
sharp object is pointed.
scherp

43

soak up (phr v)
/sk p/ If
opzuigen
you soak up culture or a lifestyle, you enjoy learning about it.
soothingly (adv)
/suli/
verzachtend
Dont worry, my wife said soothingly.
sort out (phr v)
/st at/ If
uitzoeken
you sort out a problem, you solve it.
stick (v)
/stk/
steken
The children spent the journey sticking sharp objects into each other.
summarise (v)
/smraz/ If
samenvatten
you summarise something, you describe it in a few words.
surrender (v)
/srend/ If
overgeven
someone surrenders, they agree to do something that you ask or


persuade them to do.
survey the scene
/sve sin/
de plaats onderzoeken
When you survey the scene, you look at or think about a situation.
tacky (adj)
/tki/
smakeloos
Tacky means the same as tasteless.
take a drive
/tek drav/
rijden
Last weekend my wife suggested that we take a drive to the sea.
take sth seriously
/tek sm srisli/
serieus nemen
Bookish people take life rather seriously.
tasteful (adj)
/tes(t)f()l/ A
smaakvol
tasteful postcard is one that is attractive and elegant.
tasteless (adj)
/tes(t) ls/ A
smakeloos
tasteless postcard is cheap and not attractive.
tearful (adj)
/tf()l/
huilerig
If you feel tearful, you want to cry.
tender (adj)
/tend/ A
teder
tender steak is soft and easy to cut and eat.
there and then (TS)
/er n en/
onmiddelijk
If you do something there and then, you do it immediately.
thoughtful (adj)
/tf()l/ A
nadenkend
thoughtful person cares about other peoples feelings.
time-conscious (adj)
/tamkns/ If
tijd-bewust
you are time-conscious, you are aware that you must do things

quickly without taking too much time.
niet avontuurlijk
unadventurous (adj)
/ndvenrs/ Someone
who is unadventurous does not like doing new things.
onverdeelde aandacht
undivided attention (n)
/ndvadd tenn/
Children like to have your undivided attention.
buiten het seizoen
unseasonably (adj) (TS)
/nsiznbli/ If
temperatures are unseasonably warm, they are warmer than usual

at a particular time of year.
niet bereid
unwilling (adj)
/nwl/ If
you are unwilling to do something, you do not want to do it.
de wereld aan je zien voorbij
watch the world go by
/w wld g ba/ If
you watch the world go by, you sit and relax, for example at a caf,
trekken

and watch people walk past.
aquarelverf
water-colour (n)
/wtkl/ A
water-colour is a painting that has been done with paint mixed with

water.
goed ingelicht
well-informed (adj)
/welnfmd/ Someone
who is well-informed knows a lot about things.
slingerend
winding (adj)
/wand/
Its not easy driving in the city centre because of the narrow, winding

streets.

44

The Seaside
bucket and spade (n)
/bkt n sped/
emmer en schep
Children enjoy playing with a bucket and spade in the sand.
candy floss (n)
/kndi fls/
gesponnen suiker
Candy floss is a sweet food for children that looks like cotton wool on

a stick.
hot dog
hot dog (n)
/ht dg/ A
hot dog is a sausage in a bread roll.
opblaasbaar bootje
inflatable dinghy (n)
/nfletbl di/ An
inflatable dinghy is a small rubber boat that you fill with air.
Li-Lo
Li-Lo (n)
/lal/ A
Li-Lo is a type of bed made of rubber that you use to float on water.
peddelen
have a paddle
/hv pdl/ They
had a paddle at the edge of the water.
zoutwater
saltwater (n)
/sltwt/
Saltwater is the type of water that is in the sea.
zand
sand (n)
/snd/ The
author hates getting sand in his hair and shoes.
scuba apparatuur
scuba equipment (n)
/skub kwpmnt/
Scuba equipment is all the things that you need for diving underwater.
zeekust
seaside (n)
/sisad/ The
author doesnt understand the British attachment to the seaside.
zonnepet
sun hat (n)
/sn ht/
You put a sun hat on to protect your head from the sun.
zonnebrand
sunburn (n)
/snbn/
Sunburn is the red, painful areas on your skin when you have been in

the sun for too long.
verbrand door de zon
sunburned (adj)
/snbnd/ I
was so sunburned a dermatologist invited me to a convention as an

exhibit!
branding
surf (n)
/sf/
Surf is the waves that are falling on a beach.
waterglijbaan
waterslide(n)
/wtslad/ A
waterslide is a long thin piece of equipment that children slide

down into water.
verbrand door de wind
windburned (adj)
/wndbnd/ If
you are windburned, your skin has been burnt by the wind.

Spoken discourse markers

Actually
/kuli/
Anyway
/enwe/
Basically
/beskli/
Come to think of it ...
km t k v t/
Do you know what I mean?
/d j n wt a min/

in the end
/n i end/
in fact
/n fkt/
to be honest
/t bi nst/

in werkelijkheid
in ieder geval
eigenlijk
nu ik eraan denk...
Weet je wat ik bedoel?
aan het eind
in feite
om eerlijk te zeggen

45

She doesnt seem very friendly but, actually, shes shy.

It was an awful experience but, anyway, its over now.
Basically, Gill had two weeks to impress Ash.
Come to think of it, he does look a bit like Tom Cruise!
When I saw her, I thought shes the one for me. Do you know what I
mean?
Everything worked out well in the end.
We spent the rest of the holiday together in fact, we were inseparable.
To be honest, I dont think hes very happy.

Tell verbs
advise
/dvaz/ Tourists
were advised not to swim in the sea because of sharks.
aanraden
assure
//
My wife assured me that wed have a good time, but we didnt!
garanderen
convince
/knvns/
She always tries to convince me well have a good time.
overtuigen
encourage
/nkr/
Were trying to encourage her to come and visit.
aanmoedigen
inform
/nfm/
My daughter then informed me I was eating the sandwich the dog had
informeren

half-eaten!

persuade
/pswed/ Every
year my wife manages to persuade me to drive to the seaside.
overreden
reassure
/ri/
She always reassures me that well have a good time, but I dont!
geruststellen

Say verbs
admit
/dmt/ The
author admits that he hates the seaside!
erkennen
announce
/nans/
My wife woke me up and announced that she had an idea.
meedelen
claim
/klem/
He claims he eats six hamburgers a day!
beweren
confirm
/knfm/
Could you confirm that the tickets have arrived?
bevestigen
explain
/ksplen/
Just listen, and Ill explain.
uitleggen
insist
/nsst/
My wife insists on going to the seaside every year.
aandringen
mention
/men()n/
My daughter casually mentioned that the dog had eaten half the
vermelden

sandwich.
suggest
/sest/ The
author hates it when his wife suggests going to the seaside!
voorstellen

Unit 8

(page 78)

adage (n)
/d/ An
adage is a well-known phrase about life.
spreekwoord
blind date (n)
/bland det/ A
blind date is an arrangement in which two people who have never
blind date

met before meet in order to decide whether they want to start a

relationship.
by and large
/ba n l/
By and large, we all seem to be attracted to the same things.
in het algemeen
Be careful what you wish for. /bi kef()l wt ju w f/ Wees voorzichtig met wat je Be careful what you wish for means that you wish for may not be as

good as you hoped for, and may even be harmful.
wenst.
challenge a theory
/ln ri/ If
someone challenges a theory, they say that it is not true.
een theorie uitdagen

46

chaperone (n)
/prn/ A
chaperonne
chaperone is someone who looks after someone or makes sure they

behave well, especially at a social event.
komen naar de conclusie dat
come to the conclusion that
/km t knklun t/ Scientific
evidence has come to the conclusion that beauty is objective

and quantifiable.
samengesteld
composite (adj)
/kmpzt/ A
composite picture is made up of two or more separate parts.
culturele grens
cultural boundary (n)
/kl()rl band()ri/
Cultural boundaries are the differences that exist between different

cultures.
in dagelijkse contact zijn met
be in daily contact with sb (TS) /bi n deli kntkt If
you are in daily contact with someone, you see them every day.

w smbdi/
oneens zijn met
be dead against sth (TS)
bi ded genst sm/ If
you are dead against something, you disagree with it completely.
gedempt
dim (adj)
/dm/
Reading in dim light can damage your eyes.
tastbare vorm gegeven
The feminine ideal of beauty is embodied in dolls like Barbie and Sindy.
be embodied in
/bi mbdd n/
evolutionair
evolutionary (adj)
/ivlu()n()ri An
evolutionary reason is one that is connected with the process of

human change and development.
ondragelijk
An excruciating experience is one that is extremely unpleasant or painful.
excruciating (adj)
/kskruiet
Van een kikker kan je geen
You cant get blood
/j knt get bld at v
You cant get blood out of a stone means that it is extremely difficult
out of a stone.
stn/
to persuade someone to give you something or tell you something.
veren plukken.
get sb somewhere/
/get smbdi smwe/ Despite
the fact Cindy had a genius IQ it never got her anywhere.
het ver brengen/
not get sb anywhere
nt get smbdi enwe/
het niet ver brengen
at first glance
/t fst glns/
The picture look similar at first glance, but in fact theyre different.
op eerste blik
what all the fuss is about (TS) /wt l fs z
The Secret has sold 1.5million copies. Could you tell us what all the
Waar komt al die drukte

bat/
fuss is about?
vandaan?
All that glitters is not gold.
/l t gltz z nt
All that glitters is not gold means that what looks attractive or
Het is niet al goud wat er

gld/
pleasant may not be so.
blinkt.
What goes around comes around means that if you treat people badly,
What goes around,
/wt gz rand
Voor wat, hoort wat.
comes around.
kmz rand/
you will eventually suffer yourself.
grant your wishes (TS)
/grnt j wz/ If
someone grants your wishes, they give you what you ask them for.
wens vervullen
hormone (n)
/hmn/ A
hormone is a substance produced by your body that makes it
hormoon

develop and grow.
imply (v)
/mpla/
The film implies that for centuries people in power have kept the law
toespelen

of attraction secret.
de wet van
the law of attraction
/ l v trkn/
The law of attraction is a principle that says our thoughts and
aantrekkingskracht

feelings influence events in our lives.

47

A leopard cant
/ lepd knt en
Een luipaard kan zijn vlekken A leopard cant change its spots means that someone cannot really
change its spots.
ts spts/
change their character.
niet veranderen.
like attracts like
/lak trkts lak/
hetzelfde trekt hetzelfde aan Like attracts like means that people are attracted to other people

who are similar to themselves.
Kevin has had a few serious relationships, but nothing has materialised.
materialise (v)
/mtrilaz/
materialiseren
negative thinking (n)
/negtv k/
Negative thinking attracts bad things.
negatief denken
objective (adj)
/bektv/ An
objective conclusion is based on facts, not personal feelings.
objectief
phenomenon (n)
/fnmnn/ A
phenomenon is an event or situation which is new or surprising.
phenomenon
positive thinking (n)
/pztv k/
Positive thinking attracts good things.
positief denken
be in power
/bi n pa/ Those
who are in power are the people who control things.
aan de macht zijn
pull (v)
/pl/ If
you pull someone, that person is attracted to you in a sexual or
aantrekken

romantic way.
quantifiable (adj)
/kwntfab()l/ Something
that is quantifiable is able to be measured.
kwantificeerbaar
ramble (on) (v)
/rmb()l (n) / If
someone rambles on about something, they talk about it in a boring
doorzeuren

way for too long.
rank (v)
/rk/ Photographs
of women were ranked for their attractiveness by a
in volgorde zetten

number of volunteers.
wetenschappelijke bewijs
scientific evidence (n)
/santfk evdns/
Scientific evidence has come to the conclusion that beauty is objective

and quantifiable.
zelfhulpboek/film
self-help book/film (n)
/selfhelp bk/flm/ A
self-help book or film helps you to solve your own problems.
sessie
session (n)
/se()n/ At
the end of the session the couple can swap telephone numbers if

they wish.
inschrijven
sign up for sth (phr v)
/san p f sm/
Five women and five men signed up for the speed dating night.
speed dating
speed dating (n)
/spid det/
Speed dating is an event in which people looking for a partner spend

5 minutes with different people to decide who they like best.
If you think big, you think in a positive way that is likely to bring success.
het groots aanpakken
think big (TS)
/k bg/
top-ranking (adj)
/tprk/ The
top-ranking person or thing is the one that is most important or
top

popular.

transform (v)
/trnsfm/
The film says that the law of attraction has the power to transform
transformeren

our lives.
vibes (n pl) (TS)
/vabz/
Vibes are the general impressions you get about a person from the
gevoelens

way they behave.
volunteer (n)
/vlnt/ A
volunteer is someone who does something without being paid.
vrijwilliger

48

Appearance

aantrekkelijk
appealing (adj)
/pil/ An
appealing face is one that you think is attractive.
ronde wenkbrauwen
arched eyebrows (n pl)
/t abraz/
Arched eyebrows have a high curve.
aantrekkelijkheid
attractiveness (n)
/trktvns/ Photographs of women were ranked for their attractiveness by a

number of volunteers.
met een kindergezicht
baby-faced (adj)
/bebi fest/
in overeenstemming zijn met Many women like baby-faced stars like LeonardoDiCaprio and Jude Law.
be in line with
/bi n lan w/
Her chin was moved back so it was in line with her upper lip.
schoonheid zit van binnen
beauty comes from within
/bjuti kmz frm wn/
Beauty comes from within means that it is someones personality


that makes them attractive, not their appearance.
smaken verschillen
beauty is in the eye of
/bjuti z n i a v i
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder means that people have different
the beholder
bhld/
opinions about what is beautiful.
schedelstructuur
bone structure
/bn strk/
Your bone structure is the shape of your face that is formed by the

bones underneath.
botox
botox (n)
/btks/
Botox is a substance that makes your skin look younger.
brunette
brunette (n)
/brunet/ A
brunette is a girl or woman with dark-brown hair.
collageen
collagen (n)
/kl()n/
Cindy had collagen put in her lips.
plastische chirurgie
cosmetic surgery (n)
/kzmetk sri/
Do you think having cosmetic surgery is selfish?
schattig
cute (adj)
/kjut/ Someone
who is cute looks young and attractive.
kuiltjes
dimples (n pl)
/dmp()lz/
Dimples are small areas on your cheeks that go inwards.
exorbitante eigenschappen
exaggerated features (n pl)
/gzretd fiz/
Exaggerated features are larger or more prominent than usual.
vet
fat (n)
/ft/
They took fat from Cindys thighs and injected it into her lips.
kenmerken, eigenschappen
feature (n)
/fi/
What features do you think make a face look attractive?
volle lippen
full lips (n pl)
/fl lps/
Full lips look large and round.
schoonheid
good looks (n pl)
/gd lks/
My ideal date is someone with both intelligence and good looks.
hoge jukbeenderen
high cheekbones (n pl)
/ha ikbnz/
High cheekbones are usually considered attractive.
implantaat
implant (n)
/mplnt/ An implant is something that is put into someones body during a

medical operation.
injecteren
inject (v)
/nekt/
They took fat from Cindys thighs and injected it into her lips.
je innerlijke schoonheid
sbs inner beauty shines
/smbdz n bjuti
Not everybody has the confidence to let their inner beauty shine out.
tonen
out (TS)
anz at/
neuscorrectie
nose job (n)
/nz b/ A nose job is a type of cosmetic surgery to change the shape of your

nose.
neusgat
nostril (n)
/nstrl/
Your nostrils are the two holes at the end of your nose.

49

pert (adj)
/pt/ A
pert nose is small and considered to be attractive.
elegant
piercing (n)
/ps/ A
piercing is a hole in someones skin for jewellery to fit through.
piercing
prominent cheekbones (n pl) /prmnnt ikbnz/
Prominent cheekbones are easy to see or notice in someones face and
uitstekende jukbeenderen

are considered attractive.
Karens ideal date is someone with intelligence, good looks and sexiness.
sexiness (n)
/seksns/
sexy
size zero (n)
/saz zr/ A
size zero model is extremely thin.
de kleinste maat
smooth skin (n)
/smu skn/
Smooth skin has no rough areas or spots.
gladde huid
sparkling eyes (n pl)
/spkl az/
Sparkling eyes look bright and lively.
sprankelijke ogen
a square jaw (n)
/ skwe /
Men with a square jaw are traditionally considered to be attractive.
een vierkante kaak
tattoo (n)
/ttu/ A
tattoo is a picture that is drawn on your body.
tattoo
a turned-up nose (n)
/ tnd p nz/
A turned-up nose curves slightly at the end.
een wipneus
white teeth (n pl)
/wat ti/
White teeth look bright, healthy and attractive.
witte tanden
widen (v)
/wad()n/ If
you widen something, you make it wider.
verbreden

Character
bubbly (adj)
/bbli/ Sindy
was bubbly and lively Id like to see her again.
uitgelaten
conventional (adj)
/knven()nl/
People who are conventional are very traditional and not modern.
behoudend
dependable (adj)
/dpendb()l/ Someone
who is dependable is honest and can be trusted.
betrouwbaar
dizzy (adj)
/dzi/ Someone
who is dizzy is not practical or down-to-earth.
verward
down-to-earth (adj)
/dantu/ Someone
who is down-to-earth is not pretentious.
nuchter
drippy (adj)
/drpi/ Someone
who is drippy may be kind but is not very interesting.
flauw, onnozel
Someone who is enigmatic is interesting because they seem mysterious.
enigmatic (adj)
/engmtk/
ondoorgrondelijk
experienced (adj)
/ksprinst/
I prefer the company of people who are experienced and grown-up.
ervaren
be full of yourself
/bi fl v jself/
Erica seemed selfish and full of herself.
vol van zichzelf zijn
grown-up (adj)
/grnp/
I prefer the company of people who are experienced and grown-up.
volwassen
indulgent (adj) (TS)
/ndl()nt/
People who are indulgent do what they want without thinking of
toegeeflijk

other people.
intense (adj)
/ntens/
He can be very intense and a bit obsessive.
overheersend
laddish (adj)
/ld/ A
laddish man is young and not sophisticated.
jongensachtig
laid-back (adj)
/ledbk/
She doesnt let things worry her shes very laid-back.
ontspannen
level-headed (adj)
/levlhedd/ Someone
who is level-headed is calm and sensible.
evenwichtig
lively (adj)
/lavli/
Sindy was bubbly and lively Id like to see her again.
levendig

50

materialistic (adj)
/mtrilstk/ Someone
who is materialistic is interested in money and possessions.
materialistisch
mature (adj)
/mtj/
Girls are often more sensible and mature than boys.
volwassen
mysterious (adj)
/mstris/ A
mysterious person seems interesting because they are not easy to
raadselachtig

understand.

obsessive (adj)
/bsesv/
Obsessive people are only interested in one person or thing.
bezeten
open-minded (adj)
/pnmandd/ Someone
who is open-minded is tolerant and willing to listen to other
ruimdenkend

peoples opinions.
outgoing (adj)
/atg/
People who are outgoing are friendly and sociable.
extravert
self-centred (adj)
/selfsentd/
Stop thinking of yourself and being so self-centred!
egocentrisch
selfish (adj)
/self/ A
selfish person thinks about themselves and is not interested in other
egoistisch

people.
zinnig, bezonnen
sensible (adj)
/sensb()l/ A
sensible person doesnt do stupid or crazy things.
gevoelig
sensitive (adj)
/senstv/ A
sensitive person cares about other people.
wereldvreemd
spaced-out (adj)
/spestat/ Someone
who is spaced-out seems not very sensible and slightly crazy.
afstandelijk
stand-offish (adj)
/stndf/
Claire seemed stand-offish and not interested in me.
rechtdoorzee
straight (adj)
/stret/
Lara thought Jim was polite, but a bit too straight.
traditioneel
tolerant (adj)
/tlrnt/
My parents are rather traditional I wish theyd be more tolerant.
Trustworthy is an adjective used to describe someone who you can trust.
betrouwbaar
trustworthy (adj)
/trs(t)wi/
unambitious (adj)
/nmbs/ Erica
thought Kevin was too young and unambitious.
ambitieloos
unfriendly (adj)
/nfrendli/
Hes not unfriendly, hes just shy.
onvriendelijk
unpretentious (adj)
/nprtens/ Someone
who is unpretentious does not try to impress people with
pretentieloos

their money or intelligence.

Body idioms
get it off my chest
/get t f ma est/ If
you get something off your chest, you talk about something that is
het hart luchten

worrying you.
play it by ear
/ple t ba / If
you play something by ear, you see how you deal with a situation
improviseren

without having a plan.
be up to your eyes in work
/bi p t jr az n wk/ If
you are up to your eyes in work, you have a lot of work to do.
bedolven zijn in werk
have your fingers in
/hv j fgz n lts If
you have your fingers in a lot of pies, you are involved in a lot of
overal een vinger in de pap
a lot of pies
v paz /
different things.
hebben

51

put your foot in it

/v pt j ft n t/ If
een flater slaan
you put your foot in something, you say something stupid or

embarrassing.
iemand heeft nog niet
sb hasnt made up their mind /smbdi hznt med If
you havent made up your mind, you havent decided about
besloten

p e mand/
something yet.
buurt, omgeving, plaats
this neck of the woods
/s nek v wdz/
This neck of the woods is an expression that means the place where

you are or where you live.
een luisterend oor
a shoulder to cry on
/ ld t kra n/ If
you need a shoulder to cry on, you need someone to listen to your

problems.

Unit 9

(page 88)

affectionate (adj)
/fek()nt/
Affectionate laughter shows that you love or care about something.
vriendelijk
ailment (n)
/elmnt/ An
ailment is an illness or disability.
kwaal
be aligned with sth (TS)
/bi land w sm/ Something
that is aligned with something else is in the correct
op n lijn liggen met iets

position in relation to that thing.
aanlokkelijk
alluring (adj)
/lr/ An
alluring place is attractive and interesting.
gekweld
anguished (adj) (TS)
/gwt/ Someone
who is anguished is extremely upset.
benaderen
approach (v)
/pr/ If
you approach a person or organization, you make contact with them

in order to discuss something.
goedkeuren
approve (v)
/pruv/
The site for the Bilbao Guggenheim was approved in a week.
financier
backer (n)
/bk/ If
you find a backer for a project, you find a person or company who

will provide money for it.
achterwerk
backside (n) (TS)
/bksad/
Your backside is an informal word meaning your bottom.
bakeliet
bakelite (n) (TS)
/beklat/
Bakelite is a type of hard plastic used in the 1940s and 1950s for

making radios and telephones.
dor
barren (adj) (TS)
/brn/
Barren land is dry and plants cannot grow there.
The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao was the brainchild of Thomas Krens.
geesteskind
brainchild (n)
/brenald/
a bunch of
/ bn v/
Frank Gehry affectionately describes the site as a dirty river and a
zootje

bunch of run-down buildings.
captivating (adj)
/kptvet/
A place that is captivating is attractive and interesting.
fascinerend
choir (n)
/kwa/ A
choir is a group of people who sing together.
koor

52

city council (n)

/sti kans()l/
gemeenteraad
Krens didnt like the original site chosen by the city council for its new

art museum.
aanstellen
commission (v)
/km()n/
The Basque regional government commissioned the best architects to

redesign the city.
onderdeel
component (n)
/kmpnnt/
A key component of something is an important part of something.
verbergen
conceal (v)
/knsil/
The clothes Frida Kahlo wore were worn partly to conceal her physical

ailments.
geheimhoudingsverklaring
confidentiality
knfdenilti
A confidentiality agreement is an official document that says that
agreement (n) (TS)
grimnt/
important information must be kept secret.
polio oplopen
contract polio
/kntrkt pli/
Frida contracted polio, which made her walk in a strange way.
beperkt tot
At the age of 6, she spent nine months confined to her room with polio.
confined to
/knfand tu/
vakman
craftsman (n) (TS)
/krftsmn/ A
craftsman is someone who makes beautiful or practical objects.
uit het veld geslagen
devastated (adj)
/devstetd/
Frida was devastated by the divorce proceedings.
echtscheiding
divorce proceedings (n pl)
/dvs prsidz/
In April 1939 Frida and Diego began divorce proceedings.
domineren
dominate (v)
/dmnet/
The Bilbao Guggenheim dominates the city at every turn.
duif
dove (n)
/dv/
Her father described Diego and Fridas marriage as like an elephant

marrying a dove.
ingrijpend
drastically (adv)
/drstkli/
Many shops have reduced the prices of goods drastically.
motregen
drizzling (adj)
/drzl/
When it is drizzling, it is raining slightly.
betoverend
enchanting (adj)
/nnt/
A placethat is enchanting is extremely attractive and interesting.
zich handhaven
endure (v)
/ndj/
Stonehenge has been standing for 5,000 years and still endures.
dag-en-nachtevening
equinox (n) (TS)
/ikwnks/ An
equinox is one of the two days in the year when the day and the

night are the same length.
uitbarsting
eruption (n)
/rp()n/ The
eruption of a volcano is the period when it explodes and flames

and rocks come out of it.
stichten
establish (v)
/stbl/
The museums director, Thomas Krens, wanted to establish a European

base for the Guggenheim.
buiten het huwelijk
extramarital (adj)
/ekstrmrt()l/
Frida and Diego both had extramarital affairs.
uitkijken
face (v)
/fes/
Bilbao faces out onto the Bay of Biscay.
verwoed
frantic (adj)
/frntk/
As the hymn was about to start, Fry would have a frantic search for

the right page.
van de grond komen
get off the ground (TS)
/get f grand/ If
something gets off the ground, it starts to develop or grow.

53

glimpse (v)
/glmps/
As you leave the airport, the Guggenheim Museum can be glimpsed in
een blik opvangen van

the distance.
leuning
handrail (n)
/hndrel/ A
handrail is the thing you hold onto with your hand when you are

travelling in a bus or tram.
hoefijzer
horseshoe (n) (TS)
/hsu/ If
something has the shape of a horseshoe, it has a curved shape that

is not quite complete.
lofzang
hymn (n)
/hm/ A
hymn is a religious song.
stimulans
incentive (n)
/nsentv/ An
incentive to do something is a reason for doing it.
intrigerend
intriguing (adj)
/ntrig/ An
intriguing place is one that is attractive in a mysterious way.
ironisch genoeg
ironically (adv)
/arnkli/
Ironically she painted some of her most powerful works during her

separation from Diego.
hefboom
lever (n)
/liv/ The
stones for Stonehenge were moved by a system of levers.
zich verwonderen
marvel (at) (v) (TS)
/mvl (t) / If
you marvel at something, you admire it very much.
zwerftocht
meander (v)
/mind/ If
you meander somewhere, you move there slowly and in an indirect

way.
gesmolten
melted (adj)
/meltd/
A solid substance that is melted has become like a liquid.
op de kop af vier ton
a mere 4 tonnes/50 years etc / m f tnz/ffti jz/ The
stones weighed a mere four tonnes each.
zojuist benoemd
newly-appointed (adj)
/njuli pntd/ Someone
who is newly-appointed to a job has just started it.
okerbruin
ochre-brown (adj)
/kbran/
Ochre-brown is a colour between brown and yellow.
ruimte
outer space (n)
/at spes/
Outer space is the area that contains the stars and the planets.
bewolkt
overcast (adj)
/vkst/
When the sky is overcast it is grey and full of rain.
uitkijken op
overlook (v)
/vlk/ The
Jesuit University overlooks the River Nervion.
vernietiging van ozon
ozone destruction (n)
/zn dstrk()n/
Ozone destruction is caused by chemical reactions.
doordringen
pierce (v)
/ps/
Frida Kahlo was injured in an accident when a handrail pierced her

body.
post-it
Post-it (n)
/pstt/
Post-its are small pieces of coloured paper that you can stick on things.
betreffende radar
radar-based (adj)
/redbest/
Dr Percy LeBaron Spencer was working on a radar-based project when

he made the discovery that led to the first microwave.
een wellustig nummer
a raunchy number (n) (TS)
/ rni nmb/
A raunchy number is a song that is sung in a sexy way.
redevelopment programme (n) /ridvelpm()nt
herontwikkelingsprogramma In the 1980s the Basque regional government began a redevelopment

prgrm/
programme for Bilbao.
remote control (n)
/rmt kntrl/ A
remote control is a small piece of equipment that you press to use a
afstandsbediening

TV, Hi-Fi etc.

54

be/seem rooted to
/bi/sim rutd t If
something seems rooted to the ground, it seems to be fixed there
aan de grond genageld
the ground (TS)
grand/
and unable to move.
sermon (n)
/smn/ A
sermon is a religious speech made in church.
preek
settle out of court
/set()l at v kt/ If
you settle an argument out of court, you solve it without asking a
minnelijke schikking

court to decide.
sjaal
shawl (n)
/l/ A
shawl is a large piece of material worn by a woman around her

shoulders.
Bilbao is Spains fourth largest city and a former shipbuilding community.
plaats waar schepen
shipbuilding community (n)
/pbld kmjunti/
gebouwd worden
site (n)
/sat/
Krens didnt like the site chosen by the city council for the new art
plaats

museum.
bluestones are so-called because they turn blue when they get wet.
so-called (adj) (TS)
/skld/ The
zogenaamd
social-networking site (n)
/s()l netwk sat/
Facebook is a popular social-networking site.
sociale netwerk website
solstice (n) (TS)
/slsts/ The
summer solstice is the longest day of the year; the winter solstice
zonnewende

is the shortest day of the year.
speculeren
speculate (v) (TS)
/spekjlet/ If
you speculate about something, you wonder why it has happened,

or what the reason for something is.
miezerig
spitting (adj)
/spt/
When it is spitting, it is raining slightly.
tuit
spout (n)
/spat/ A
spout is the part of a tea- or coffee-pot where the tea or coffee

comes out.
veer
spring (n) (TS)
/spr/ A
spring is a long, thin piece of metal twisted into circles that is often

used in machinery.
plakkerig
sticky (adj)
/stki/ The
sticky object turned out to be a melted peanut bar.
heftig
stormy (adj)
/stmi/ A
stormy relationship is one in which people argue a lot.
tram
streetcar (n)
/stritk/ A
streetcar is the American word for a tram.
aftrekken
subtract (v)
/sbtrkt/
When you subtract one number from another, you take it away from

that number.
When Frida returned to school, other children teased her about her leg.
plagen, pesten
tease (v)
/tiz/
at every turn
/t evri tn/
The Bilbao Guggenheim dominates the city at every turn.
overal
undergo (v)
/ndg/
Over the years Frida Kahlo underwent thirty-two major operations.
ondergaan
urban sprawl (n)
/bn sprl/
Urban sprawl is ugly, unplanned development in a city.
suburbanisatie
sbs mind begins to wander
/smbdz mand bgnz
Fry was listening to the sermon when his mind began to wander.
iemand's gedachten dwalen

t wnd/
af

55

water supplies (n pl)

/wt splaz/ The
Nazca Lines in Peru were a map of underground water supplies.
watervoorraden
waterfront zone (n)
/wtfrnt zn/ A
waterfront zone is an area of a town or city that is near a river.
waterkant
weapons of mass
/wepnz v ms
Weapons of mass destruction are very powerful that can destroy large
massavernietigingswapens
destruction (n pl)
dstrk()n/
areas and kill large numbers of people.
kronkelen (door)
wind (through) (v)
/wand (ru)/
To get to Bilbao, you leave the airport and wind through the green

hills of Northern Spain.
wijn bottel werkplaats
wine-bottling warehouse (n) /wanbtl wehas/ A
wine bottling-warehouse is a large building, like a factory, where

wine is put into bottles.

Buildings and Places

19th/20th etc-century (adj)
/nantin/twenti A
19th/20th etc-century building was built in the 1800s/1900s etc.
19e/20e eeuw

senri/
eigentijds, modern
contemporary (adj)
/kntemp()rri/
The Bilbao Guggenheim is a contemporary art museum like no other.
excentriek
eccentric (adj)
/ksentrk/ An
eccentric building or design is one that is very unusual.
hideous (adj)
/hdis/
afzichtelijk
Hideous is a word that means very ugly.
metaalachtig
metallic (adj)
/mtlk/ Something
that is metallic is made of metal.
post-industrial (adj)
/pstndstril/
post-industrieel
The architect, Frank Gehry, revelled in the chaos and dirt of the post
industrial environment.
post-modern
post-modern (adj)
/pstmd()n/
The Bilbao Guggenheim is a metallic, post-modern, space-age museum.
vervallen
run-down (adj)
/rndan/
Run-down buildings are in bad condition.
verwaarloosd
semi-derelict (adj)
/semiderlkt/ A
semi-derelict area is in bad condition and almost too bad to be

repaired or restored.
futuristisch
space-age (adj)
/spese/
The Bilbao Guggenheim is a metallic, post-modern, space-age museum.
uitgedeide
sprawling (adj)
/sprl/ A
sprawling town or city covers an area in an untidy, ugly way.
onverzettelijke
tough (adj)
/tf/
Bilbao is a tough, sprawling former shipbuilding community.
stedelijk
urban (v)
/bn/
Urban is an adjective meaning relating to towns or cities.

Collocations
design/develop a prototype

do/carry out experiments

/dzan/dvelp
It took Trevor Baylis two to three months to design/develop a
een prototype ontwerpen/
prttap/
prototype for the clockwork radio.
ontwikkelen
/du/kri at/ Scientists
sometimes do/carry out experiments on animals.
experimenten uitvoeren
kspermnts/

56

do/conduct a search
/du/kndkt s/

file for/apply for a patent
/fal f/pla fr

/pet()nt/
form/set up a company
/fm/set p kmp()ni/
have/come up with an idea
/hv/km p w n adi/
start/begin a production
/stt/bgn prdk()n/

zoeken naar
een patent aanvragen
een onderneming starten
een idee krijgen
(beginnen met) produceren

Were currently doing/conducting a search to find talented musicians

in the region.
Once Bayliss had developed a prototype, he filed for/applied for
a patent.
Money was found to form/set up a company in Cape Town.
Trevor Baylis had/came up with an idea for a clockwork radio.
How easy was it to find a backer and start/begin production?

Time Expressions
barely
/beli/
Frida died barely two weeks after taking part in a Communist
amper

demonstration.
before
/bf/ Diego
Rivera was 42 and had been married twice before.
voorheen
during (her/his etc separation) /djr (h/hz/
She painted some of her most powerful works during her separation
gedurende (haar/zijn etc

/sepre()n) /
from Diego.
scheiding)
each month/year etc
/i mn/j/
Each Sunday he sang with his local church choir.
elke maand/jaar etc
a few days/months
/ fju dez/mns
een paar dagen/maanden etc He remembered that a few months previously a colleague had made a
etc previously
privisli/
glue which had been discarded.
ervoor.
the following day
/ fl de/
Baylis had a dream and the following day started work on his concept
de volgende dag

of the clockwork radio.

from then on
/frm en n/
Children at school teased her about her leg and from then on she
vanaf dat moment

always concealed it.

On their return to Mexico, Frida and Diego started divorce proceedings.
on sbs return
/n smbdz rtn/
op het moment van
terugkomst
one Sunday/afternoon etc
/wn snde/ftnun/
One Sunday he was listening to the sermon when his mind began to
op een zondag /middag etc

wander.
over the years
/v jz/
Over the years Frida Kahlo underwent thirty-two major operations.
met de jaren
When she/he etc was
/wen i/hi wz sks/
When Frida was 6 she contracted polio.
Op haar/zijn etc 6e/37e/70e
6/37/70 etc
ti sev()n/sev()nti/
etc
while he/she etc was sitting/ /wal hi/i wz st/
While she was convalescing she took up painting.
terwijl hij/zij etc herstelde/
watching etc
w/
kijken etc

57

Review C

(page 98)

break out (phr v)

/brek at/
War broke out in 1939.
uitbreken
distinguished (adj)
/dstwt/ She
enjoyed a distinguished career and won an Oscar.
eminent
hangover (n)
/hv/ A
hangover is the feeling of being tired and ill because you have
kater

drunk too much alcohol.
genomineerd zijn voor
be nominated for
/bi nmnetd f/ Audrey
Hepburn was nominated for and won an Oscar.
olie voorraden
oil reserves (n pl)
/l rzvz/
Vast oil reserves are thought to exist under the Arctic ice cap.
inflatiepercentage
rate of inflation (n)
/ret v nfle()n/
We expect the rate of inflation will rise sharply.

Unit 10

(page 100)

be addicted to
/bi dktd tu/
Do you think its healthy to be addicted to designer labels?
verslaafd zijn aan
antithesis (n)
/ntss/
The old man in the straw hat is the antithesis of everything the Levis
tegengestelde

ad stands for.
circulation (n) (TS)
/skjle()n/ The
circulation of a newspaper is how many copies it sells.
oplage
clue (n)
/klu/ A
clue to something gives you an idea what it is really about.
aanwijzing
conjure up (phr v)
/kn p/ Something
that conjures up an image or scene makes you think of that
voor de geest roepen

image or scene.
gewoonten, overeenkomsten Rebels do not care about conventions.
convention (n)
/knven()n/
je ergens niks van aan
couldnt care less
/kd()nt ke les/ If
you couldnt care less about something, it doesnt concern or worry
trekken

you at all.
per definitie
by default
/ba dflt/
If there is too much product placement, the producer is the loser and,


by default, the brand.
teneergeslagen
dejected (adj)
/dektd/ Someone
who is dejected is very disappointed and upset.
Disapproval is the feeling that you do not like or approve of something.
afkeuring
disapproval (n)
/dspruv()l/
epitomise (v)
/ptmaz/
The Levis 501s ad epitomises everything that is cool.
belichamen
extract (n)
/ekstrkt/ An
extract from a book is a short piece of writing that is taken from it.
passage

58

fiercely male-dominated (adj) /fsli meldmnetd/ A

business or industry that is fiercely male-dominated is controlled
sterk door mannen

aggressively by men.
gedomineerd
flattering (adj) (TS)
/flt()r/ A
flattering photo is one that makes you look good.
vleiend
gutter press (n) (TS)
/gt pres/ The
gutter press are newspapers that print a lot of shocking stories.
riooljournalistiek
haunting (adj)
/hnt/ A
haunting piece of music is sad in a beautiful way.
ontroerend
heart-throb (n)
/htrb/
Nick Kamen was considered a heart-throb amongst women.
liefje
hit the screens
/ht skrinz/ The
ad was a massive success the minute it hit British TV screens.
vertoond worden
holdall (n)
/hldl/ A
holdall is a large bag used for carrying sports equipment.
reistas
inaccuracy (n) (TS)
/nkjrsi/
Inaccuracies are things that are said and written that are not true or
onnauwkeurigheid

correct.
junior school (n)
/uni skul/
In the UK, junior school is for children aged between 7 and 11.
basisschool
lasting effect (n)
/lst fekt/ If
something has a lasting effect, it changes or influences things for a
blijvend effect

long time afterwards.
Every period in history likes to look back nostalgically to a mythical past.
look back (phr v)
/lk bk/
terugkijken
motion sickness (n) (TS)
/mn skns/
Motion sickness is an unpleasant feeling in your stomach when you
wagenziekte

are travelling.
Every period in history likes to look back nostalgically to a mythical past.
mythical (adj)
/mk()l/
mythische
nostalgically (adv)
nstlkli/
Every period in history likes to look back nostalgically to a mythical past.
vol verlangen naar het
verleden
over-hyped (adj) (TS)
/vhapt/ Something
that is over-hyped is not as good as it is advertised to be.
teveel opgeklopt
promising (adj)
/prms/
Something that looks promising seems attractive or interesting.
veelbelovend
rebel (n)
/reb()l/ A
rebel is someone who opposes people in authority or traditional
opstandeling

ways of doing things.
resolve to do sth
/rzlv t du sm/
After his experience in the playground, Neil resolved to be more like
besloten om

the other boys.
rugged (adj)
/rgd/
Rugged is an adjective used to describe a man who is attractive in a
robuust

strong, athletic way.
scandalous (adj) (TS)
/sknd()ls/ The
gutter press prints scandalous or embarrassing stories about
kwaadsprekend

famous people.
be scared stiff (TS)
/bi sked stf/ If
you are scared stiff, you are extremely frightened.
verstijfd van schrik
soundtrack (n)
/sandtrk/ A
soundtrack is the music that accompanies a film.
opgenomen filmmuziek
No smoke without fire. (TS)
/n smk wat
No smoke without fire is an expression meaning if something bad is
Waar rook is, is vuur.

fa/
said about a person or situation, there is usually a good reason for it.

59

storyline (n)
strip off (phr v)
trade (v)

/strilan/ A
verhaallijn
storyline is the events in a book, film etc.
/strp f/
zich uitkleden
When someone strips off, they take their clothes off.
/tred/
handelen, ruilen
Trading football cards is a popular activity amongst boys.

Sales and Marketing

ad (n)
/d/
Ad is an informal word meaning advertisement.
advertentie
advertising (n)
/dvtaz/
Advertising is a big part of the Bond movies.
reclame
advertising partner (n)
/dvtaz ptn/
The films advertising partners are the companies who finance the film
reclame partner

and whose products are advertised in it.
kaskraker
box office hit (n)
/bks fs ht/ A
box office hit is a film that is extremely successful.
gehersenspoeld
brainwashed (adj)
/brenwt/
Do you think children are brainwashed by advertising?
merkentrouw
brand loyalty (n)
/brnd llti/
Brand loyalty is the tendency of customers to buy a particular brand

rather than trying other brands.
merkartikelen
branded goods (n pl)
/brndd gdz/
Branded goods are expensive goods that are made by a well-known

company.
reklameboodschap
commercial (n)
/km()l/ The
Levis commercial conjures up an authentic American scene.
geloofwaardigheid
credibility (n) (TS)
/kredblti/
Children want what their friends have playground credibility is very

important.
overeenkomst
deal (n)
/dil/ The
deals between companies and the makers of the Bond movies

were worth millions of dollars.
designer merk
designer brand/label (n)
/dzan brnd/
Designer brands/labels are very important to a lot of young people.

leb()l/
designer winkel
designer shop (n)
/dzan p/
I love looking at the handbags and shoes in the windows of designer

shops.
krachtgevend
empowering (adj)
/mpar/ Something
that is empowering makes you feel powerful or attractive.
namaak
fake (adj)
/fek/ I
cant stand fake designer goods!
namaaksel
fake (n)
/fek/
If you show me two handbags, one a designer and one a fake, I can

usually spot the fake.
parfum
fragrance (n)
/fregrns/
Fragrance is a word used in advertising to mean perfume.
Someone or something that is iconic is extremely famous and well-known.
iconisch
iconic (adj)
/aknk/

60

jingle (n) (TS)

/gl/ An
advertising jingle is the music and words associated with a product
kenwijsje

that is advertised.
een springende poema
a leaping puma
/ lip pjum/ The
leaping puma is a famous designer logo it shows an animal

called a puma jumping in mid-air.
logo
logo (n)
/lg/
How many of the logos on the first page of Unit 10 do you recognise?
zeuren
nag (v) (TS)
/ng/ If
you nag someone, you ask them again and again for something.
doelgroep
peer group (n)
/p grup/
Brands can help children fit in with a peer group, but they can also

exclude them.
lastig vallen
pester (v) (TS)
/pest/ If
you pester someone, you ask them again and again for something.
de kracht van het zeuren
pester power (n) (TS)
/pest pa/
Pester power is the marketing potential of children who ask their

parents to buy them things.
speelplein euro
playground pound (n) (TS)
/plegrand pand/ The
playground pound is a key concept for advertisers.
positioneren van een merk
positioning of a brand
/pz()n v brnd/
Positioning of a brand in the market refers to the type of people a

particular product is aimed at.
product placement clutter
/prdkt plesmnt klt/ opeenstapeling van
Product placement clutter is when there are too many branded
producten

products in a movie.
promoten
promote (v)
/prmt/ Twenty
different companies promoted their products in the film


Die Another Day.
radicale chique
radical chic (n)
/rdkl ik/
Radical chic is stylishness or fashion that is new and original.
The Bond franchise rakes in a huge amount of revenue from advertisers.
omzet
revenue (n)
/revnju/
a sense of identity (n)
/ sens v adentti/
Do you agree that brands give children a sense of identity?
een gevoel van identiteit
sex appeal (n)
/seks pil/
The Levis 501s advert represented youthful rebellion and sex appeal.
sexuale aantrekkelijkheid
strategically placed
/strtikli plest/ Products
that are strategically placed appear during a film in ways that
strategisch geplaatst

are designed to make people notice them.
stripe (n)
/strap/ A
stripe is a line of colour on a plain surface.
streep
tick (n)
/tk/ A
tick is the symbol that a teacher writes against an answer to show
vinkje

that it is correct.
jeugdige rebellie
youthful rebellion (n)
/juf()l rbeljn/
The Levis 501s advert represented youthful rebellion and sex appeal.

Spoken discourse markers

Anyway, to get back to
what I was saying ...

/enwe t get bk t
wt a wz se/

Om terug te komen op wat

ik wilde zeggen...

61

Anyway, to get back to what I was saying ... The point Im trying to
make is that famous people have families with feelings.

But the thing is ...

/bt z/

Hang on ...
/h n/
If I could just come in here ... /f a kd st km n h/

If you would just let me
/f ju wd st let mi
finish ...
fn/
If you would let me answer
/f ju wd let mi ns
the question ...
kwes()n/
The point Im trying to
/ pnt am tra t
make here is ...
mek h/
The problem is ...
/ prblm z/
Im sorry to interrupt
/am sri tu ntrpt ju/
you but ...

Sorry, but ...
/sri bt/

What you didnt say was ...
/wt ju dd()nt se wz/

Maar het punt is ...

Momentje ...
Als ik even mag onderbreken
...
Als je me even zou willen
laten uitpraten ...
Als je me de vraag zou laten
beantwoorden ...
Wat ik wil zeggen is ...
Het probleem is ...
Excuses voor de interruptie
...
Sorry, maar ...
Wat je niet gezegd hebt was
...

But the thing is, I rarely seem to read anything true about myself these
days.
Hang on, I havent finished.
If I could just come in here, I think we need to address the root of the
problem.
If you would just let me finish of course the press have been important.
If you would let me answer the question, I think we need to look at
relationship between fame and the press.
The point Im trying to make here is that famous people have families
with feelings.
The problem is, its not always clear whats true and what isnt.
Well, Im sorry to interrupt you, but weve run out of time.
Sorry, but I cant believe that youre actually complaining about free
publicity.
What you didnt say was what those inaccuracies were.

Verb phrases look at

eye up
/a p/
I cant walk past a designer shop without eyeing up the handbags in
bekijken

the window.

gaze at
/gez t/ She
spends hours gazing at photos in fashion magazines.
staren naar
glance at
/glns t/
I always glance at my reflection in shop windows.
vluchtig kijken naar
stare at
/ster t/
People stare at me because I look different.
aanstaren

Verb phrases see

catch sight of
/k sat v/

make out
/mek at/
notice
/nts/
spot
/spt/

When she caught sight of my designer mobile phone, I could see she
was jealous.
I could just make out a building in the distance.
A lot of people like to be noticed.
Could you spot a fake handbag from a designer one?

opmerken
onderscheiden
opmerken
herkennen

62

Unit 11

(page 110)

the accounts (n pl)

/i kants/
The accounts are the record of the money a company receives and spends.
de boekhouding
amoebic dysentery (n)
/mibk ds()ntri/
Amoebic dysentery is a tropical illness which makes you go to the
amoebode bloeddiarree

toilet very often and become weak.
ant (n)
/nt/ An
ant is an insect that lives under the ground in large, organised
mier

groups and can bite.
bash (v)
/b/ If
you bash something, you hit it very hard.
slaan
go berserk
/g bzk/ If
you go berserk, you start behaving in a very angry or busy way.
woest worden
birth rate (n)
/b ret/ The
birth rate is the number of babies who are born in a particular
geboortecijfer

year or place.
black out (phr v)
/blk at/ If
you black out, you suddenly become unconscious.
flauw vallen
bunk (n)
/bk/ A
bunk is one of two small beds that are joined together, one above
stapelbed

the other.
buzz (n)
/bz/ A
buzz is a feeling of excitement among a group of people.
kick
catering company (n)
/ketr kmp()ni/ A
catering company is one that prepares food and drinks for an event
maaltijdverstrekker

or organization.
When you come to your senses, you finally start behaving sensibly again.
tot bezinning komen
come to your senses
/km t j sensz/
dent (v)
/dent/ If
something dents something else, it pushes the surface inwards.
indeuken
dodge gunfire
/d gnfa/ If
you dodge gunfire, you run away to avoid being shot.
schoten ontwijken
embellish (v)
/mbel/
People love to embellish stories to make them sound more dramatic.
verfraaien
faint (v)
/fent/ If
you faint, you suddenly lose consciousness.
flauwvallen
get sth out of your system
/get sm at v j If
you get something out of your system, you get rid of strong feelings
iets uit je systeem krijgen

sstm/
about someone or something.
judging by
/ ba/
Judging by her low marks, she is bound to fail the exam.
oordelend op
latrine (n)
/ltrin/ A
latrine is a toilet that is outside.
latrine
lower your expectations
/l jr If
you lower your expectations, you do not try to achieve something
stel je verwachtingen bij

ekspekte()nz/
because you think it will be too difficult.
premises (n pl)
/premisz/ The
premises are the buildings that a business or organization uses.
panden (en erven)
raging fever (n)
/re fiv/ If
you have a raging fever, you are very hot and have a very high
hoge koorts

temperature.

63

skull (n)
/skl/
Your skull is the bones of the head.
schedel
stinking (adj)
/stk/ A
stinking place or object smells extremely unpleasant.
stinkend
stitch (n)
/st/ A
stitch is a short piece of thread that is used for joining your skin
hechting

together when you have cut yourself badly.
be swarming with sth
/bi swm w/ The
room was swarming with huge ants.
krioelen van iets

/sm/

swell up (phr v)
/swell p/
One ant had bitten my thigh, which had swollen up like a balloon.
opgezwollen
womens liberation
/wmnz lbren The
womens liberation movement is an organisation that makes
emancipatiebeweging
movement (n)
muvmnt/
sure women have the same opportunities as men.
be wracked with pain
/bi rkt w pen/ If
someone is wracked with pain, their body, or part of their body,
vergaan van de pijn

hurts a lot.

Education
A-level (n)
/elev()l/
A-levels are exams that students take in England and Wales before
eindexamen

going to university.
apply for a place (at)
/pla fr ples/
Henrys teacher told him he shouldnt apply for a place at university.
inschrijven
boarding school (n)
/bd skul/ A
boarding school is a school where the students can live.
kostschool
evening course (n)
/ivn kls/
Romy took an evening course in maths and accounting.
avondcursus
fail an exam
/fel n gzm/
My parents will kill me if I fail the exam!
zakken voor het examen
fees (n pl)
/fiz/
I had to get a bank loan to pay my university fees.
collegegeld
GCSE (n)
/isiesi/
GCSEs are exams that students take in England and Wales when they
einddiploma

are 15 or 16.
get a loan
/get ln/ I
need to get a loan to pay the university fees.
een lening verkrijgen
get good/low marks
/get gd/l mks/
Romy wasnt very good at maths at school and always use to get low
goede/slechte cijfers krijgen

marks.
go on to further education
/g n t f
Nowadays more and more people go on to further education.
naar vervolgonderwijs gaan

edjke()n/
learn by heart
/ln ba ht/
A lot of vocabulary has to be learnt by heart.
uit het hoofd leren
secondary school (n)
/seknd()ri skul/
Secondary school is a school for students between the ages of 11 and
middelbare school

16 or 18.
take a course
/tek ks/ She
decided to take a course in maths and accounting.
een cursus volgen

64

Colloquial Expressions
It took my breath away.
/t tk ma bre we/
The view from the top of the mountain was spectacular it took my
Het was adembenemend.

breath away.
burst into tears
/bst nt tz/ She
burst into tears when she heard shed failed the exam.
In huilen uitbarsten.
be at deaths door
/bi t des d/ I
was at deaths door until I got the antibiotics.
Op sterven liggen.
I was dying for a drink.
/a wz da fr drk/
Wed been walking for hours and it was hot and sticky I was dying
Ik snakte naar drinken.

for a drink.
I was at the end of my tether. /a wz t i end v
When they still hadnt come home by midnight, I was at the end
Ik was ten einde raad.

ma te/
of my tether.
I was on my last legs.
/a wz n ma lst legz/ Ik was uitgeput.
Id been working for 12 hours and was on my last legs.
I was going out of my mind. /a wz g at v
Id been waiting all evening for him to call and was
Ik werd er gek van.

ma mand/
going out of my mind.
It was mind-blowing.
/t wz mand bl/
What did you think of the concert? It was mind-blowing.
Het was extatisch.
be over the moon
/bi v mun/
I was over the moon when I heard Id passed the exam.
in de zevende hemel

Job Interviews
concisely (adv)
/knsasli/
If you speak concisely, you use enough words, but not too many, to
bondig

explain what you mean.
conscientious (adj)
/kniens/ Someone
who is conscientious works hard.
plichtsgetrouw
embark on a career
/mbk n kr/
Hed like to embark on a career in the legal profession.
een carriere starten
gain experience
/gen ksprins/ Its
important to gain as much experience as you can.
ervaring opdoen
highly motivated
/hali mtvetd/ Someone
who is highly motivated works hard and is determined to
zeer gemotiveerd

succeed.
interpersonal skills (n pl)
/ntps()nl sklz/ Good
interpersonal skills are necessary when youre working with
sociale vaardigheden

other people.
keenness (n)
/kinns/
Keenness is a word that means the same as enthusiasm.
gretigheid
lack of experience
/lk v ksprins/ Sound
confident but admit your lack of experience in certain areas.
gebrek aan ervaring
proper planning (n)
/prp pln/
Proper planning is an expression meaning good organisation.
goede planning
sound confident
/sand knfd()nt/
Sound confident but admit your lack of experience in certain areas.
klink zelfverzekerd
stick to the point
/stk t pnt/
Answer questions concisely and stick to the point.
blijf bij het onderwerk
strengths and weaknesses (n pl) /stres n wiknsz/
Your strengths are the things you are good at; your weaknesses are
sterkten en zwakten

the things you are not good at.

65

team-player (n)
training opportunities (n pl)
waffle (v)
be well-suited to sth

Unit 12

/timple/ A
team-player is someone who is good at working with other people.
teamspeler
Training opportunities are opportunities to get new skills and learn more.
/tren ptjuntz/
opleidingsmogelijkheden
/wf()l/ Someone
who waffles talks a lot but doesnt say anything important.
zwetsen
Im well-suited to this kind of work because I work well under pressure.
/bi welsutd t sm/
zeer geschikt om

(page 118)

aesthetics (n pl) (TS)

/setks/
The word aesthetics relates to the appearance of things rather than
esthetisch

their practical use.
chunk (n)
/k/ A
chunk is a large piece of something.
brok
draught (n)
/drft/ A
draught is cold air that comes into a building or room.
tocht
the elements (n pl)
/i elmnts/
The elements is an expression used to talk about the weather,
de elementen

especially the wind and rain.
estuary (n)
/estjuri/ An
estuary is the part of a large river where it becomes wide and
riviermond

flows into the sea.
Fossil fuels are fuels such as coal or oil; they are bad for the environment.
fossiele brandstoffen
fossil fuels (n pl)
/fs()l fjulz/
harbour (v)
/hb/ If
something harbours an unpleasant or harmful substance or thing, it
bevattten

contains it.
ivy (n)
/avi/
Ivy is a plant with dark green leaves that grows up walls or spreads
klimop

over a large area.
pitch dark (adj)
/p dk/
If a place is pitch dark, it is totally black with no light.
gitzwart
A poker is a metal stick used for moving coal or wood around on a fire.
poker (n)
/pk/
kachelpook
pop next door
/pp nekst d/ If
you pop next door, you go to see your neighbours.
buren bezoeken
raker (n)
/rek/ A
raker is a tool used for separating pieces of burning coal on a fire.
hark
reliance on sb/sth
/rlans n smbdi
The earth shelter demonstrates that you can have a comfortable life
afhankelijk zijn van iets/

/
without reliance on fossil fuels.
iemand
rise (past tense rose) (v)
/raz (past tense rz) /
When you rise in the morning, you get out of bed.
opstaan
sandbank (n)
/sndbk/ A
sandbank is an area of sand at the edge of a river or the sea.
zandbank
serenity (n)
/srenti/
Serenity is a feeling of calm and peace.
seriniteit

66

at short notice
/t t nts/ If
you do something at short notice, you do it without having much
op korte termijn

time to prepare for it.
socialise (v) (TS)
/slaz/
When you socialise with other people, you spend time with them in a
omgaan

relaxed way.

Houses/Homes
apartment block (n)
/ptmnt blk/ An
apartment block is a tall building containing apartments on
appartementengebouw

different levels.
bed and breakfast (n)
/bed n brekfst/ A
bed and breakfast is a small hotel or private house that provides a
bed and breakfast

room for the night and breakfast in the morning.
bungalow (n)
/bgl/ A
bungalow is a house on one level.
bungalow
central heating (n)
/sentrl hit/
Central heating is a system that heats a whole house or building.
centrale verwarming
Earth is the substance in which plants grow that covers most of the land.
earth (n)
//
aarde
eco-dwelling (n)
/ekdwel/ An
eco-dwelling is a house that is built in a way that is not harmful to
eco-huis

the environment.
An eco-friendly house is designed not to be harmful to the environment.
eco-friendly (adj)
/ekfrendli/
ecovriendelijk
en suite (n)
/n swit/ An
en suite is a bathroom that is joined to a bedroom.
en suite
face north/south etc
/fes n/sa/
One side of the earth shelter faces south with a lot of glass, so we
kijkt naar het noorden/

have a lot of daylight.
zuiden etc.
guesthouse (n)
/gesthas/ A
guesthouse is a small hotel or private house where people pay to
pension

stay for the night.
heat loss (n)
/hit ls/
Heat loss is the process by which warm air leaves a house or building
warmteverlies

so that it becomes colder.
layout (n)
/leat/ The
layout of a room or house is its shape and the way in which it is
bouwplan

designed.
lighthouse (n)
/lathas/ A
lighthouse is a tall, thin building next to the sea with a light that
vuurtoren

flashes to warn ships of danger.
be in the middle of nowhere /bi n mdl v nwe/ verafgelegen
If you are in the middle of nowhere, you are in a lonely place that is a

long way from towns and cities.
plasterboard (n)
/plstbd/
stucplaat
Plasterboard is plaster that is put between layers of strong paper and

used for covering walls.
schuilgelegenheid
shelter (n)
/elt/ A
shelter is a place to live.

67

structure (n)
/strk/ Living
in a round structure, you feel protected.
bouwwerk
stuffy (adj)
/stfi/ A
stuffy room or building does not have enough air.
bedompt
terrace (n)
/ters/ A
terrace is a flat area outside a building where you can sit and have
terras

meals.
vinyl (n)
/van()l/
Vinyl is a type of light, strong plastic, often used for kitchen floors.
vinyl

Furnishings
bell (n)
/bel/ A
bell is a piece of equipment on a door that you ring to let someone
deurbel

know you are there.
blinds (n)
/blandz/
Blinds are window covers that you pull down from the top to the
scherm

bottom.
bolt (n)
/blt/ A
bolt is a metal bar that you slide across a door to lock it.
grendel
candlestick (n)
/knd()lstk/ A
candlestick is an object for holding a candle.
kandelaar
chrome (n) (TS)
/krm/
Chrome is a hard metal substance used for covering other materials to
chroom

make them shiny.
coat hook (n)
/kt hk/ A
coat hook is a curved piece of metal used for hanging a coat on.
jashaak
Curtains are long pieces of material that hang down to cover a window.
curtains (n pl)
/ktnz/
gordijnen
cushion (n)
/k()n/
A cushion is a small square bag used for making a seat more comfortable.
kussen
doormat (n)
/dmt/ A
doormat is a piece of material that you clean the bottom of your
deurmat

shoes on before entering a house.
double-glazing (n)
/dblglez/
Double-glazing is windows made of two layers of glass to make a
dubbele beglazing

room warmer and quieter.
dustpan and brush (n)
/ds(t)pn n br/ A
dustpan and brush is a small, flat container and brush used for
stoffer en blik

brushing dirt from the floor into.
fireplace (n)
/faples/ A
fireplace is a place in a room where the fire burns.
open haard
fitted carpet (n)
/ftd kpt/ A
fitted carpet is a carpet that has been made especially to fit a
tapijt

particular room.
floor covering (n)
/fl kv()r/
Floor coverings are materials that are used to cover floors that you
vloerbedekking

walk on.
strijkplank
ironing board (n)
/a()n bd/ An
ironing board is a tall, narrow table that you use to do the ironing.
knocker (n)
/nk/ A
klopper
knocker is a piece of metal on a front door that you use to let

someone know you are there.

68

latch (n)
/l/ A
latch is a thin, metal bar used for keeping a door shut.
grendel
letterbox (n)
/letbks/ A
letterbox is a small hole in a door for pushing letters through.
brievenbus
light switch (n)
/lat sw/ A
light switch is a piece of plastic like a button that you use for
lichtknopje

switching a light on and off.
mantelpiece (n)
/mnt()lpis/ A
mantelpiece is a shelf above a fireplace that you can put ornaments
schoorsteenmantel

or photos on.
ornament (n)
/nmnt/ An
ornament is a small attractive object used for decoration.
ornament
parquet (n)
/pke/
Parquet is a floor made of blocks of wood that form a pattern.
parket
patterned wallpaper (n)
/pt()nd wlpep/
Patterned wallpaper is paper that covers the walls of a room with a
behang

design on it.
power point (n)
/pa pnt/ A
power point is a place on a wall where you can connect equipment
wandcontactdoos

to the electricity supply.
radiator (n)
/rediet/ A
radiator is a large metal object on a wall used for heating a room.
radiator
rug (n)
/rg/ A
rug is a small carpet that covers part of a floor.
vloerkleed
shaving socket (n)
/ev skt/ A
shaving socket is a place on a wall in a bathroom where men can
scheerwandcontactdoos

connect their shaver to the electricity supply.
shelf (n)
/elf/ A
shelf is a flat piece of wood, metal, or glass used for putting things
legplank

such as books on.
shower curtain (n)
/a kt()n/ A
shower curtain is a long piece of plastic that you pull across a
douchegordijn

shower to prevent things getting wet.
shutters (n pl)
/tz/
Shutters are wooden covers used for covering the outside of a window
luiken

at night or when it is hot.
sill (n)
/sl/ A
sill is a narrow shelf at the bottom of a window.
sill
sink (n)
/sk/ A
sink is a large, open container for water in a bathroom or kitchen.
gootsteen
tea towel (n)
/ti tal/ A
tea towel is a small, cotton towel used for drying dishes, knives,
theedoek

forks, etc in a kitchen.
tiles (n pl)
/talz/
Tiles are square, flat pieces of stone or other material used for
tegels

covering walls or floors.
handdoekenrek
towel rail (n)
/tal rel/ A
towel rail is a long, thin piece of metal used for putting towels on.
wasdroger
tumble dryer (n)
/tmb()l dra/ A
tumble dryer is a piece of equipment used for drying clothes.
fontijntje
washbasin (n)
/wbes()n/ A
washbasin is the container in a bathroom used for washing your

face and hands in.

69

Review D
binoculars (n pl)
grant (n)
invoice (n)
orphanage (n)
troubled (adj)

(page 126)
/bnkjlz/
verrekijker
We could see the island in the distance through the binoculars.
/grnt/
beurs
Adam got a full grant to pay for his studies.
/nvs/
factuur
Could you take these invoices to the accounts department?
/f()n/ An
weeshuis
orphanage is a place where children without parents live.
/trb()ld/ Adam
veelbewogen
had a troubled childhood and was brought up in an orphanage.

70

Grammar Extra
Unit 1 Verb structures. Auxiliaries
Part 1: Verb structures
Werkwoord structuren in tegenwoordige tijd
Je gebruikt de tegenwoordige tijd om te praten over gewoonten en routines, of over dingen
die altijd waar zijn. I usually go to bed around midnight. / The sun rises in the east.
Je gebruikt de duratieve vorm van de tegenwoordige tijd om te praten over activiteiten die
op dit moment bezig zijn, of om veranderende situaties te beschrijven. Im learning Japanese
as well as English. / The Earth is getting warmer.
Je gebruikt de voltooid tegenwoordige tijd om te praten over de huidige situatie die in het
verleden is begonnen en voortduurt op dit moment, of die bestaat vanwege een voltooide
gebeurtenis in het verleden, of die is gebeurd op een indefinitieve tijd in het verleden. Ive
been taking English classes since last year. / Look, shes changed her hairstyle. / Weve seen
Madonna in concert nine times!

Werkwoord structuren in verleden tijd

Je gebruikt meestal de duratieve vorm van de onvoltooid verleden tijd in contrast met de
onvoltooid verleden tijd om te praten over activiteiten die op dat moment bezig waren toen
iets is gebeurde.
He was living in London when he met her.
Gebruik de voltooid verleden tijd om uit te drukken dat een gebeurtenis in het verleden
plaatsvond voor een andere gebeurtenis is plaatsgevonden.
The film had started when I arrived.
Je mag would en used to allebei gebruiken om te verwijzen naar reguliere of herhaalde
verleden activiteiten. When she lived with us, she used to get up at six oclock and would
always have coffee for breakfast.
Je mag ook used to maar niet would te gebruiken om te verwijzen naar toestanden of
situaties in het verleden. I used to have a motorbike but I sold it.

Deel 2: Hulpwerkwoorden
so / neither (nor)
De hulpwerkwoorden be, have en do worden gebruikt om verschillende werkwoord
structuren te vormen. Ze worden ook gebruikt met so en neither (nor) in aangeplakte vragen
en in korte antwoorden. Je gebruikt so om mee also te willen zeggen in de structuur So +
auxiliary + subject. Im American. So am I.
Je gebruikt neither of nor om mee also not te willen zeggen in dezelfde structuur.
I cant swim. Nor can my brother.
So en neither zijn allebei gebruikt om overeenkomst aan te duiden tussen de sprekers. Merk

op wat er gebeurt als er een gebrek aan overeenkomst is tussen de sprekers. Im Irish. Im
not. (niet Im not Irish.) / He hasnt got a car. She has. (niet Shes.)

Aangeplakte vragen
Je gebruikt meestal een negatieve aangeplakte vraag met een positief gezegde, en een
positieve aangeplakte vraag met een negatief gezegde. Youre Irish (+), arent you ()? /
Youre not Irish (), are you (+)?
Je gebruikt they om te verwijzen naar somebody, anybody/everybody en nobody. Somebody
must have seen her, mustnt they?
Je gebruikt een positieve aangeplakte vraag na never, hardly, little. He never gives up, does he?
Je mag will/would of can/cant/could gebruiken na imperatieven.
Get me some milk from the shops, would you?
Andere gevallen: Lets go out for dinner, shall we? / Theres no time left, is there? / Nothing
can go wrong, can it?

Unit 2 Werkwoord patronen (1)

werkwoord + to-infinitief
Deze werkwoorden krijgen typisch geen voorwerp voor het to-infinitief:
aim, arrange, attempt, cant afford, decide, hope, intend, manage, offer, plan, refuse, seem,
tend, try. She manages to stay in shape.

werkwoord + voorwerp + to-infinitief

a) Deze werkwoorden nemen soms een voorwerp voor het to-infinitief:

expect, help, want. I wanted her to go out with me, but she said she was busy.
b) Deze werkwoorden nemen meestal een voorwerp voor het to-infinitief: allow, encourage,
force, remind, teach, urge, warned (not). My father taught me to swim when I was five.

werkwoord + gerund
Je gebruikt de gerund na deze werkwoorden: avoid, cant stand,
dont mind, enjoy, fancy, finish, keep, miss, spend/waste time.
I cant stand being the centre of attention.

werkwoord + voorwerp + gerund

Deze werkwoorden nemen soms een voorwerp voor de gerund: avoid, dont mind, dread.
I dreaded my parents finding out.
werkwoord + voorwerp + infinitief zonder to
Make en let nemen een voorwerp voor het infinitief zonder to.
They let me have my own beliefs.

71

71

Unit 3 Indirecte rede. Onwerkelijke conditionele zinnen

Part 1: Indirecte rede
Indirecte rede betekent dat je je eigen woorden gebruikt om te vertellen wat iemand
heeft gezegd. Je gebruikt meestal werkwoorden als say (that) of tell (someone that) en ask
(someone if / whether) voor vragen.

Hoofdzin
De hoofdzin drukt het gevolg van de voorwaarde uit, en kan refereren of naar de
tegenwoordige tijd (1) would/nt + infinitief zonder to, of naar de verleden tijd (2) would/nt
+ have + voltooid verleden tijd.

Tijden
Er is meestal een terugverplaatsing in de tijd. De tegenwoordige tijd, duratief en de
voltooid tegenwoordige tijd veranderen naar verleden tijd, duratief en voltooid. De verleden
tijd en de duratieve vorm van de verleden tijd veranderen naar voltooid verleden tijd en de
duratieve vorm van de voltooid verleden tijd. Hulpwerkwoorden als can en will veranderen
naar could en would. Sommige vormenhoeven niet te veranderd worden: een werkwoord in
de voltooid verleden tijd blijft in de voltooid verleden tijd; hulpwerkwoorden could, might
en would blijven in dezelfde vorm.

if-clause

Hoofdzin

If I hadnt wasted all my money,

I wouldnt be poor now. (1)

I wouldnt have lost my house. (2)

Unit 4 Narratieve tijden. Duratieve vorm van de toekomstige

tijd en de voltooid tegenwoordig toekomende tijd
Part 1: Narratieve tijden
Verleden tijd en duratieve vorm

Woordvolgorde in indirecte vragen

De woordvolgorde in indirecte vragen is dezelfde als in statements (subject + verb). Je
gebruikt geen do/does/did. Voor yes/no vragen gebruikt je if of whether.
Do you have enough money? She asked me if / whether I had enough money.

Naamwoorden
Voornaamwoorden en bezittelijke bijvoeglijk naamwoorden kunnen veranderen.
Directe rede: I like your ideas.
Interpretatie 1: My boss told me that she liked my ideas.
Interpretatie 2: His boss told him that she liked his ideas.

Tijd referenties
Hier zijn sommige gebruikelijke veranderingen van directe rede naar indirecte rede als er
een referentie aan tijd aanwezig is: a few weeks ago a few weeks previously; now then;
today that day; tomorrow the following day; this week that week; next week the
following week. Ill see you tomorrow He said hed see me the following day.

Part 2: Onwerkelijke conditionale zinnen

Deze zinnen bestaan uit een if-bijzin en een hoofdzin en ze worden gebruikt om te
refereren naar onwerkelijke situaties in de tegenwoordige of in de verleden tijd.

if-bijzin
De if-bijzin drukt een voorwaarde uit. Om te laten zien dat een situatie imaginair is, wordt
de tijd terugverplaatst (tegenwoordige tijd verleden tijd; past voltooid verleden tijd).

Werkelijke situatie

Imaginaire situatie

Im not rich.
I spent too much money.

If I was/were rich,
If I hadnt spent so much money,

De verleden tijd wordt meestal gebruikt voor vaste gebeurtenissen in de verleden tijd. Je
kan het gebruiken om de hoofd gebeurtenissen van een verhaal te vertellen. De meeste
werkwoorden zijn regelmatig en eindigen met -d/-ed/-ied, maar de meest gebruikelijke
werkwoorden zijn vaak onregelmatig. De duratieve vorm van de verleden tijd wordt vaak
gebruikt in contrast met de verleden tijd. Je kan het gebruiken om een activiteit te beschrijven
die aan de gang is wanneer de hoofd gebeurtenissen van het verhaal zijn gebeurd.
When they looked back, the polar bear was running after them.
Voltooid verleden tijd en duratieve vorm De voltooid verleden tijd kan gebruikt worden
waneer je naar een gebeurtenis (verleden tijd) of een activiteit die aan de gang (duratief) is
wilt referen die duidelijk voor de tijd van de hoofd gebeurtenis van het verhaal is gebeurd.
When they made their first stop, they had been travelling for 12 hours. / He was just twentythree and had never been on a polar expedition.

Part 2: Duratieve vorm van de toekomstige tijd en de voltooid

tegenwoordig toekomende tijd
Gebruik de duratieve vorm van de toekomstige tijd om te praten over een bezigheid die aan
de gang zal zijn op een bepaalde tijd in de toekomst. Dont phone at 8.00 well be having
dinner.
Je gebruikt de voltooid tegenwoordig toekomende tijd om te praten over een bezigheid die
afgerond zal zijn voor een bepaalde tijd in de toekomst. Ill have finished work by 5.30.

72

72

Unit 5 Tegenwoordige en verleden gewoonten. Werkwoord

patronen (2)

Unit 6 Voltooid tegenwoordige tijd en duratief. Passieve review

Part 1: Tegenwoordige en verledene gewoonten

De voltooid tegenwoordig tijd toont altijd een band aan tussen de verleden en de
tegenwoordige tijd. Het beschrijft bezigheden of processen die al plaats hebben gevonden
(voltooid) of aan het gebeuren zijn (onvoltooid) (up-to-now).
De simpele vorm beschrijft meestal afgeronde bezigheden. Je zegt niet wanneer ze zijn
gebeurd. Ive been to Rome.
De duratieve vorm beschrijft meestal onafgeronde bezigheden of processen. Je zegt meestal
hoe lang. Ive been going to Rome since I was a child.
De duratieve vorm kan ook een bezigheid beschrijven die net heeft beindligd en die
huidige resultaten heeft. My hair's wet because I've been swimming.
! Werkwoorden die enkele bezigheid beschrijven zijn niet gebruikelijk in de duratieve vorm.
Shes lost her keys
(NIET Shes been losing her keys).
! Werkwoorden die een toestand beschrijven worden heel zelden gebruikt in de duratieve
vorm. Ive known her for years
(NIET Ive been knowing her for years).

will / would
Om te praten over gewoontes die karakteristiek en voorspelbaar zijn kan je will gebruiken
voor de tegenwoordig en would voor de verleden tijd.
Hell get up at seven oclock and he wont talk to anyone until hes finished his breakfast. /
Id walk home every day unless it was raining.
Will en would zijn bijna altijd ingekrompen (ll, d). De complete vormen kunnen bozig
klinken. She will insist on opening all the windows.
used to
Je mag used to gebruiken om te praten over gewoonten of verleden toestanden of situaties.
I used to have a pet rabbit called Dingbat. / I used to come home from school every day at
five oclock. I didnt use to enjoy sports lessons.

Part 2: Werkwoord patronen (2)

Een klein groep van werkwoorden kunnen door zowel to-infinitief en de gerund worden
gevolgd, beide met een veranderde betekenis.
1 try
Met het gebruik van de to-infinitief is de bezigheid van het werkwoord niet successvol
afgerond. I tried to make her understand my feelings, but she wouldnt listen.
Met het gebruik van de gerund is de bezigheid van het werkwoord succesvol afgerond, maar
het heeft niet het gewenste effect. I tried leaving her messages, but she never replied.
2 stop
Met het gebruik van to-infinitief geeft je een oorzaak voor het stoppen. She stopped to tell
me about her boyfriend when I saw her in town.
Met het gebruik van de gerund zeg je dat een bezigheid is gestopt. She stopped talking to
him after they split up.
3 remember, (never/not) forget
Met het gebruik van de to-infinitief refereer je aan bezigheden die iemand wordt/was
verwacht om te doen. I remembered to buy her a birthday card. But I forgot to post it.
Met het gebruik van de gerund refereer je naar definitieve gebeurtenissen dingen die
mensen feitelijk hebben gedaan.
I remember meeting her in a bar. (= I met her and now I remember this meeting.) / Ill never
forget kissing her for the first time.
Opmerking : Het is niet gebruikelijk om de affirmatieve vorm van forget +gerund (He forgot
meeting Bob.) te gebruiken. Dont remember is meer gebruikelijk (He didnt remember
meeting Bob.).

Part 1: Voltooid tegenwoordige tijd en duratief

Part 2: Passieve review

In passieve zinnen wordt het voorwerp van de actieve werkwoord het substantief van de
passieve werkwoord.
Onderwerp

actieve werkwoord

Somebody

s eaten

Onderwerp

passieve werkwoord

My sandwich

has been eaten!

Onderwerp

actieve werkwoord

voorwerp
my sandwich!

voorwerp

The police

are holding

two men.

Onderwerp

passieve werkwoord

by + agent

Two men

are being held

by the police

In passieve zinnen wordt degene die de handeling doet bekend als de agent of helemaal
niet genoemd, of benoemed aan het eind van de zin na by.

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Unit 8 have / get something done. Onwerkelijke conditionele

structuren

Unit 7 Verleden modaliteiten. Lidwoorden

Part 1: Verleden modaliteiten
Behalve de negen pure modalen werkwoorden (can, could, may, might, will, would,
shall, should, must), zijn er uitdrukkingen die vergelijkbare funties uitdrukken, en ze zijn
geclassificeerd als semi-modale werkwoorden: be allowed to, have to, need to and ought to.
Functie

Affirmatieve

Negatieve

Het uitdrukken van

toestemming

was/were allowed to
could

wasnt/werent
allowed to couldnt

Het uitdrukken van

behoefte

had to
needed to

didnt have to
didnt need to

Praten over de de
juiste dingen doen.

should have
ought to have

shouldnt have
ought not to have

Structuren
+ infinitief (zonder to)
(go / do etc.)

Part 1: have / get something done

Je gebruikt have something done als iemand iets voor jou doet. Vergelijk de twee zinnen.
Mandy cut her hair last week. (= Ze heeft dat zelf geknipt.)
Mandy had her hair cut last week. (= Iemand heeft dat voor haar geknipt.)
opmerking : get something done is meer informeel.

Part 2: Onwerkelijke conditionele structuren

Je begint meestal een onwerkelijke conditionale bijzin met if als je een vraag stelt. Hier zijn
een paar alternatieven.

+ voltooid deelwoord
(gone / done etc.)

Conditionale bijzin
If
Imagine (that)
Supposing (that)
Suppose (that)
Assuming (that)

Part 2: Lidwoorden
Geen lidwoorden
Je gebruikt geen lidwoorden bij eigennamen als plaatsen, mensen en bedrijven.
Ian Smith is from Leeds. He works at IBM.
Er zijn uitzonderingen als het lidwoord is deel van een naam (The USA, The BBC, The
Beatles).
Omdat het onbepaalde lidwoord een betekent, gebruik je het niet met woorden in het
meervoud of met ontelbare naamwoorden. He had lots of ideas, but not much money.
Onbepaald lidwoord a/an: introduceren Je gebruikt a/an als je voor het eerst nieuwe mensen,
plaatsen of voorwerpen noemt. There was a tourist from the USA. Bepaald lidwoord the:
refereren of indentificeren Je mag the gebruiken als je naar een persoon of ding wilt
refereren dit al gentroduceerd was. The tourist took a photo of a fisherman. (We waren
al gentroduceerd aan the tourist.) Je mag the ook gebruiken als de persoon of ding is
gedeelde kennis.
The sun shone brightly as he looked out at the ocean.
(Het is duidelijk welke zon en welke oceaan.)
Referentie en gedeelde kennis kunnen gecombineerd worden. He took a photograph. The
click of the camera woke the man up. (We weten dat je een camera nodig hebt om fotos te
maken en dat de meeste cameras een klik maken.)
opmerking : Je gebruikt niet altijd de bepaalde lidwoord met meervoud of ontelbare
naamwoorden. Tigers are endangered. / Time is money.

Hoofdzin

subject

past simple
past continuous
were to + inf.
might
past perfect

what
where
how
etc.

would
could
might

subject

be + onvoltooid
deelwoord?
have + voltooid
deelwoord?

Imagine you were meeting someone for the first time, how would you introduce yourself?
Assuming that you were to go on another date, where might you be planning to meet?

Unit 9 Verleden modaliteiten van afleiding. look, seem, appear

Part 1: Verleden modaliteiten van afleiding
Er zijn verschillende manieren om de mate van zekerheid te uitdrukken over iets dat in het
verleden is gebeurd.
Mate van zekerheid
99% certain it WAS.

Verleden modale hulpwerkwoorden

must

Andere uitdrukkingen
Im almost certain it was

may
(It) could + have + voltooid deelwoord Im uncertain
might
99% certain it WASNT.

cant

Im sure it wasnt

Stonehenge might have been a kind of temple. It must have taken a long time to move the
huge stones.
! Het tegenoverstelde van must have been is cant have been: It cant have been easy trying
to move stones without wheels.
They must have been really heavy.

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Part 2: look, seem, appear

Part 2: Nadruk (gekloofde zinnen)

look / seem + bijvoeglijk naamwoord

What structuren (= Het ding dat/De dingen die)

Je mag What is/was gebruiken om te of het onderwerp of het voorwerp van een zin te
benadrukken. I dont understand why its so cold. What I dont understand is why its so cold.
Je mag What uitwisselen met All als je iets wilt benadrukken
The only thing that. I only want to play tennis. All I really want to do is play tennis.
It is / was + betrekkelijke bijzin Je kunt deze structuur gebruiken om elk willekeurig deel
van een zin te benadrukken. Carla Bruni married Nicolas Sarkozy in Paris
in 2008. It was Carla Bruni who married / It was Paris where Carla Bruni married / It
was in 2008 that Carla Bruni married
Je gebruikt vaak deze structuur als je wilt corrigeren wat andere mensen zeggen. It wasnt
Juliette Binoche who married Nicolas Sarkozy, it was Carla Bruni.

Het werkwoord look refereert aan ons visuele zintuig en wordt gevolgd door een bijvoeglijk
naamwoord. He looks great for his age.
De werkwoorden voor andere zintuigen volgen dezelfde patroon (She sounds nice. It tastes
great. It feels cold. That smells good.)
look like + naamwoord
Dit betekent lijken op en wordt meestal gevolgd door een naamwoord.
He looks like Brad Pitt. (= Hij lijkt op Brad Pitt.)
look / seem as if / though + verb phrase
We gebruiken dit om te beschrijven waarop iets lijkt. Het Werkwoord in de uitdrukking kan
in elke tijd staan. It looks as if its fallen over. / She always seems as though shes going to
cry. seem / appear + to be
Deze werkwoorden helpen om je begrip van een situatie te beschrijven. Ze kunnen gevolgd
worden door een bijvoeglijk naamwoord of een naamwoordgroup. She seems sad. / He
appears to be in trouble.

Unit 10 Betrekkelijke bijzinnen. Nadruk (gekloofde zinnen)

Part 1: Betrekkelijke bijzinnen
Niet beperkende betrekkelijke bijzinnen
Je gebruikt niet beperkende betrekkelijk bijzinnen voor twee hoofdredenen. Je kan of
commentaar geven over de hele hoofdzin, of je kan wat extra, niet essentile informatie
geven over de persoon of de ding waarover je aan het praten bent. Vergelijk het volgende:
Hes going out with Julie, which I cant stand. (= een opmerking over de hele hoofdzin)
Hes going out with Julie, who I cant stand. (= een opmerking of extra informatie over Julie)
Je begint een niet beperkende betrekkelijke bijzin altijd met een betrekkelijke bijzin, en
je scheid die van de hoofdzin met een komma. Je gebruikt geen that met niet beperkende
betrekkelijke bijzinnen. Je gebruikt altijd which als je een opmerking introduceert over een
hele hoofdzin.
Beperkende betrekkelijke bijzinnen
Je gebruikt beperkende betrekkelijke bijzinnen om te identificeren over welke persoon of
ding je praat. Als het betrekkelijk voornaamwoord (who, that of which) de substantief van
de betrekkelijke bijzin is, mag je het niet weglaten.
I like friends who never let me down.
Echter, als het betrekkelijk voornaamwoord het voorwerp is van de betrekkelijke bijzin, mag
je het weglaten. Hes got a job that hes really interested in. or Hes got a job hes really
interested in. opmerking : Je hebt geen ander substantief als voorwerp nodig. hes really
interested in. (NIET hes really interested in it.) ! Je mag whose nooit weglaten. Thats the
man whose dog bit my son.

Unit 11 Toekomstige vormen en toekomstige tijd bijzinnen

Will (ll), (be) going to, and the present continuous
Dit zijn de meest gebruikelijke toekomstige vormen.
1 Will (ll) wordt gebruikt voor voorspellingen of beslissingen die op omstandigheden
reageren zowel als offertes, beloftes en verzoeken. Itll be worth a fortune in a few years
time. / Ill give you my photograph now.
2 (be) going to wordt gebruikt voor intenties of voorspellingen gebaseerd op bewijs in de
tegenwoordige tijd. Im going to concentrate on my musical career. / Look at those clouds.
Its going to pour down in a minute.
3 De duratieve vorm van de tegenwoordige tijd wordt gebruikt voor arrangementen.
Im moving to London next month.
De tegenwoordige tijd
Je kan deze tijd gebruiken om over vaste toekomstige gebeurtenissen te praten: tijdschemas,
routines, programmas. My exams start next week.
might en may
Als je wilt speculeren op een toekomstige mogelijheid, mag je might of may gebruiken. He
might have to get a part-time job.
De duratieve vorm van de toekomstige tijd
Je gebruikt deze tijd om te praten over iets dat op een bepaalde tijd in de toekomst is aan
de gang. This time next week Ill be trekking in Nepal.

Voltooid tegenwoordig toekomende tijd

Je gebruikt deze tijd om te praten over iets dat af is op een bepaald tijdstip in de toekomst.
The builder will have finished the kitchen walls by the end of the week.
Toekomstige tijd in bijzinnen (if, when, as soon as )
Als het duidelijk is uit de hoofdzin dat de zin over de toekomst gaat, gebruik je geen
toekomstige vorm in de onderschikkende bijzin. When I leave school, Im going to
concentrate on my music career. (niet When I will leave

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school, ) / Itll be a miracle if shes passed the exam.

(niet if she will have passed the exam.)
Andere conjunctieven die een onderschikkende bijzin introduceren: after, as soon as, before,
once, the moment, the minute, unless, until.

Unit 12 Beknopte bijzinnen. Zelfstandige naamwoorden en

uitdrukkingen van hoeveelheid

Werkwoord vormen
Je gebruikt een werkwoordvorm in enkelvoud, als het zelfstandige naamwoord na of
ontelbaar (U) of enkelvoudig is. Je gebruikt meervoud als het zelfstandige naamwoord
telbaar is (C).
Theres lots of traffic (U) in the centre; There are lots of tourists (C) in summer.

Part1: Beknopte bijzin

Als een tegenwoordig of verleden deelwoord deel is van een betrekkelijke bijzin, dan is het
mogelijk om het betrekkelijk voornaamwoord (who, which, etc.) en het hulpwerkwoord be
weg te laten. We live in a house located in the centre of town. (= We live in a house which is
located in the centre of town.)
Deze staan bekend als beknopte bijzinnenof verkorte betrekkelijke bijzinnen. Net als
met andere betrekkelijke bijzinnen, zijn er zowel bepalende als niet-bepalende beknopte
bijzinnen. Bepalende beknopte bijzinnen: The man walking down the street is my
neighbour. (= The man who is walking down the street is my neighbour.)
Niet-bepalende beknopte bijzinnen bevatten extra, niet essentile informatie die met een
komma gescheiden is van de hoofdzin.
His house, built in the 1930s, needs redecorating. (= His house, which was built in the 1930s,
needs redecorating.)

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Deel 2: Zelfstandige naamwoorden en uitdrukkingen van hoeveelheid

Je gebruikt bepalers (every, most, no) en kwantificators (all of, most of, none of) om
hoeveelheid uit te drukken.
1 Uitdrukkingen van kwantiteit die gebruikt worden met zowel met telbare als ontelbare
zelfstandige naamwoorden: none, not any, hardly any, some, a lot, loads, plenty.
2 Uitdrukkingen van hoeveelheid die alleen gebruikt worden met
telbare zelfstandige naamwoorden: (very) few, a few, several, (too/not) many.
3 Uitdrukkingen van hoeveelheid die alleen gebruikt worden met
telbare zelfstandige naamwoorden: (very) little, a little, a bit, (too/not) much.
4 Als er een bepalend lidwoord (the), een bezittelijk voornaamwoord (my, your, etc.) of
een aanwijzend voornaamwoord (that, these, etc.) staat voor het zelfstandig naamwoord,
gebruik je uitdrukkingen van hoeveelheid
met of: Several of my friends live in small villages. (niet Several my friends )
5 Als je over kleine getallen of hoeveelheden wilt praten mag je a few / a little gebruiken
om het positieve te benadrukken (some), of few / little om het negatieve te benadrukken
(not many/much): We did it because we wanted to have a little fun. Please hurry up! Theres
very little time.

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