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Bits

Computers perform four basic functions: receiving input, processing information, producing output, and storing information. They use input devices like keyboards and mice, output devices like monitors and printers, a microprocessor as the brain, and memory and storage devices like RAM and hard disks. Information is anything that can be communicated and a bit is the smallest unit of information a computer can process, being either a 0 or 1. Bytes are groups of 8 bits and bits are used to represent numbers, letters, and other characters through coding systems like ASCII and Unicode. Larger units are used to quantify data storage capacities.

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77 views

Bits

Computers perform four basic functions: receiving input, processing information, producing output, and storing information. They use input devices like keyboards and mice, output devices like monitors and printers, a microprocessor as the brain, and memory and storage devices like RAM and hard disks. Information is anything that can be communicated and a bit is the smallest unit of information a computer can process, being either a 0 or 1. Bytes are groups of 8 bits and bits are used to represent numbers, letters, and other characters through coding systems like ASCII and Unicode. Larger units are used to quantify data storage capacities.

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api-317719895
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Chapter 2

Part 1
CHAPT
ER 2
PART 1
Camila Cabrera Arias #6

What Computers Do
The Computers Perform Four Basic
Functions:

Receive Input
( Information from outside world )
Process Information
( Perform arithmetic or logical
operations on information )

Produce Output
( Communicate information to outside
world)
Store Information
( Store and retrieve information from
memory and storage services)

What Computers Do
(cont.)
Input Devices

( keyboard and the mice )

Output Devices
( monitor, printer, speaker )
Microprocessor (CPU)
( Is the brain )
Memory and Storage
Devices
Primary storage ram
store programs and data.
Secondary storage hard
disk, drive, and USB.

A Bit About Bits


Information: Communication that
has value because it informs.
Information: Anything that can be
communicated, whether it has
value or not.

Bit Basics

Bit: From Binary


Digit
Smallest unit of
information
computer
can
process
Can have one of
two values 0 to
1
Byte
Collection
bits.

of

Bits as
Numbers
Computers

Built from switching devices, reduces


information to 0s and 1s.
Called the binary system
The computers binary number
processing is completely hidden
from the user.

Programmers have devices codes


that represent each:
letter
digit
special character
The most widely used code, ASCII,
represents each character as
unique 8-bit code. 256 unique
ordered patterns can be made.

Bits as Codes

The
Worlds
Language
s

ASCII: Characters
set was originally
designed to include
only EnglishLanguage
characters from 0
to 127.
Unicodes:
International
standard character
set allows for more
than 100,000
distinct codes to
include Chinese,

Bits, Bytes, and


Buzzwords

Terms for quantifying data:

Byte= A logical group of 8 bits also referred


to as an octet.
Kilobyte= It contains about 1,000 bytes of
information.
Megabyte= Approximately 1,000 Kilobytes
Gigabytes: Approximately 1,000 Megabytes
Terabyte= About 1 million Megabytes, it
applies to the largest storage devices
available.
Petabyte= The astronomical value is the
equivalent of 1,024 Terabytes.
All these describe the capacity of memory and

Thanks for
your
attention

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