Chapter 020
Chapter 020
Medicine
10 edition
th
Davi-Ellen Chabner
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Chapter 20
Radiology and
Nuclear Medicine
Chapter Goals
List the physical properties of x-rays.
Identify diagnostic techniques used by
radiologists and nuclear physicians.
Name x-ray views and patient
positions used in x-ray examinations.
Describe the role of radioactivity in
the diagnosis of disease.
Chapter 20
Lesson 20.1
Introduction
Radiology: medical specialty
concerned with the study of x-rays and
other technologies (such as ultrasound
and magnetic resonance) to produce
and interpret images of the human
body for diagnosis of disease
X-rays: invisible waves of energy
Nuclear medicine: use of radioactive
substances in the diagnosis of disease
Characteristics of X-rays
Diagnostic Techniques
X-Ray studies
Digital radiography
Computed tomography (CT)
Contrast studies
Barium sulfate: upper GI, lower GI
Iodine compounds: angiography,
arthrography, cholangiography,
digital subtraction angiography
(DSA), hysterosalpingography,
myelography, pyelography
Diagnostic Techniques
(contd)
Fluoroscopy
Digital imaging techniques
Interventional radiology
Ultrasound
Magnetic imaging or magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI or MR)
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X-ray Positioning
Posteroanterior (PA) view: posterior
source to anterior detector
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12
13
14
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QUICK QUIZ:
1. Obstructing the passage of
x-rays:
A. radiopaque
B. radiolucent
C. radioisotope
D.radiopharmaceutical
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Chapter 20
Lesson 20.2
Nuclear Medicine
Radionuclides/radioisotopes
Alpha particles, beta particles,
gamma rays
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In Vitro Procedures
Analysis of blood and urine
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) uses
radioactive chemicals and antibodies
to detect hormones and drugs in the
patients blood (for example, digitalis
detection, hypothyroidism in
newborns).
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In Vivo Procedures
Radioactive substance given
directly to patient to evaluate
organ function or image
Radiopharmaceutical (labeled
compound) concentrates in organ
Scintiscanner (gamma camera)
detection instrument produces picture
(scintiscan)
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Procedures Using
Radionuclides
Bone scan
Lymphoscintigra
phy
Positron
emission
tomography
(PET) scan
PET/CT scan
Single-photon
emission computed
tomography
(SPECT)
Technetium Tc-99m
sestamibi
(Cardiolite) scan
Thallium (Tl) scan
Thyroid scan
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Focus on SPECT
Intravenous injection of radioactive
tracer
Computer reconstruction of 3-D
image based on many views
Detects liver tumors, cardiac
ischemia, diseases of bone and
spine
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Vocabulary
computed
tomography (CT)
contrast studies
gamma camera
gamma rays
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Vocabulary (contd)
computed
tomography
(CT)
contrast studies
gamma camera
gamma rays
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Vocabulary (contd)
half-life
interventional
radiology
in vitro
in vivo
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Vocabulary (contd)
half-life
or diagnostic procedures
interventional Therapeutic
performed by a radiologist
radiology
in vitro
in vivo
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Vocabulary (contd)
ionization
magnetic
resonance
imaging (MRI)
nuclear medicine
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Vocabulary (contd)
ionization
Transformation of electrically
neutral substances into electrically
charged particles
magnetic
resonance
imaging (MRI)
nuclear medicine
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Vocabulary (contd)
positron emission
tomography (PET)
radioimmunoassa
y
radioisotope
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Vocabulary (contd)
positron emission
tomography (PET)
radioimmunoassa
y
radioisotope
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Vocabulary (contd)
radiolabeled
compound
radiology
radiolucent
radionuclide
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Vocabulary (contd)
radiolabeled
compound
Radiopharmaceutical; used in
nuclear medicine studies
radiology
radiolucent
radionuclide
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Vocabulary (contd)
radiopaque
radiopharmaceuti
cal
scan
scintigraphy
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Vocabulary (contd)
radiopaque
radiopharmaceuti
cal
scan
scintigraphy
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Vocabulary (contd)
single photon
emission
computed
tomography
(SPECT)
tagging
tracer studies
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Vocabulary (contd)
single photon
emission
computed
tomography
(SPECT)
tagging
tracer studies
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Vocabulary (contd)
ultrasonography
(US, U/S)
ultrasound
transducer
uptake
ventilationperfusion
studies
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Vocabulary (contd)
ultrasonography
(US, U/S)
ultrasound
transducer
uptake
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QUICK QUIZ:
2. Which of the following is a
handheld device that
sends and receives
ultrasound signals?
A. Gamma camera
B. Roentgenology
C. Radioisotope
D.Transducer
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Combining Forms,
Suffixes, Prefixes, and
COMBINING FORMS
Terminology
Combining Form
Meaning
fluor/o
__________
is/o
__________
pharmaceut/o __________
radi/o
__________
roentgen/o
__________
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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fluor/o
luminous
is/o
same
pharmaceut/o drug
radi/o
x-rays
roentgen/o
x-rays
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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son/o
therapeut/o
vitr/o
viv/o
Meaning
__________
__________
__________
__________
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COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
son/o
therapeut/o
vitr/o
viv/o
Meaning
sound
treatment
glass
life
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Meaning
__________
__________
__________
__________
-gram
-graphy
-lucent
-opaque
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SUFFIXES
Suffix
Meaning
-gram
-graphy
recording
-lucent
-opaque
record
process of
to shine
obscure
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Meaning
__________
__________
__________
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Meaning
cine echosound
ultra-
movement
a repeated
beyond
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Abbreviations
Angio
AP
Ba
BE
C-spine
CT
CXR
Decub
DICOM
DI
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Abbreviations (contd)
Angio
AP
Ba
BE
C-spine
CT
CXR
Decub
DICOM
DI
Angiography
Anteroposterior
Barium
Barium enema
Cervical spine films
Computed tomography
Chest x-ray (film)
Decubitus lying down
Digital image communication in medicine
Diagnostic imaging
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Abbreviations (contd)
DSA
ECHO
EUS
18F-FDG
Gd
123I
131I
IVP
KUB
LAT
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Abbreviations (contd)
DSA
ECHO
EUS
18F-FDG
Gd
123I
131I
IVP
KUB
LAT
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Abbreviations (contd)
LS films
L-spine
MDCT
MR, MRI
MRA
MRV
MUGA
PA
PACS
PET
PET/CT
RAIU
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Abbreviations (contd)
LS films
L-spine
MDCT
MR, MRI
MRA
MRV
MUGA
PA
PACS
PET
PET/CT
RAIU
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Abbreviations (contd)
RFA
SBFT
SPECT
99TC
201Tl
T-spine
UGI
US, U/S
V/Q scan
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Abbreviations (contd)
RFA
SBFT
SPECT
99TC
201Tl
T-spine
UGI
US, U/S
V/Q scan
Radiofrequency ablation
Small bowel follow-through
Singe photon emission computed
tomography
Radioactive technetium
Thallium-201
Thoracic spine
Upper gastrointestinal (series)
Ultrasound; ultrasonography
Ventilation-perfusion scan of the lungs
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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QUICK QUIZ:
3. Which term refers to
movement away from the
midline of the body?
A. Adduction
B. Abduction
C. PA
D.Inversion
Copyright 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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