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Ventilation of Basement - Car Park

Ventilation of car parks is important to prevent the buildup of toxic fumes from vehicle exhaust and to clear smoke in the event of a fire. There are four basic ventilation methods: natural ventilation using openings to the outside, mechanical extract systems to limit carbon monoxide levels and provide air changes, traditional ductwork systems, and newer jet fan systems that replace ductwork and drive fumes towards extract fans. The car park must also be divided into smoke control zones to sacrifice zones on fire while maintaining safe conditions in adjacent areas, requiring independent fan control for different zones.

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Anchal Tibrewal
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296 views3 pages

Ventilation of Basement - Car Park

Ventilation of car parks is important to prevent the buildup of toxic fumes from vehicle exhaust and to clear smoke in the event of a fire. There are four basic ventilation methods: natural ventilation using openings to the outside, mechanical extract systems to limit carbon monoxide levels and provide air changes, traditional ductwork systems, and newer jet fan systems that replace ductwork and drive fumes towards extract fans. The car park must also be divided into smoke control zones to sacrifice zones on fire while maintaining safe conditions in adjacent areas, requiring independent fan control for different zones.

Uploaded by

Anchal Tibrewal
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© © All Rights Reserved
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BASEMENT/CAR PARK VENTILATION

Ventilation of car parks is important to


prevent the build-up of toxic fumes and flammable gases from motor
exhaust
Clear smoke in the event of a fire.
Required results are: - Smoke clearance
To provide sufficient openings for enclosed car parks to allow
any smoke being produced to leave the space naturally, or if
this cannot be achieved then to remove smoke via a mechanical
extract system.
- Fume exhaust
To provide sufficient openings arranged such that a through
draught at low to mid level is created to allow CO to leave the
car park naturally, or if this cannot be achieved then to limit the
concentration of CO within the space via a mechanical extract
system.
___________________________________________________
There are four basic methods.
1. Natural Ventilation
This is the preferred method of ventilating car parks and simply requires
openings to fresh air being provided to equal a percentage of the floor area
of the car park.
This method relies on a path to outside being freely available which is not
usually the case in underground car parks hence the need for mechanical
extract systems.
2. Mechanical Extract Systems
The rules for mechanical extract systems state that for control of fumes, a
system which is capable of limiting the concentration of CO to below 30
parts per million should be provided. For smoke clearance 10 air changes

per hour should be extracted.


3. Traditional Systems
- Traditional mechanical extract systems use sheet metal ductwork to
transport the fumes or smoke being extracted to the external atmosphere.
- The ducts must be evenly distributed around the car park and also drop to
low level to provide the low level extract points.
- Accommodating large ducts can be problematic due to the low headroom
in most car parks and low level ducts can be subject to damage to and from
vehicles.

4. Jet fan, impulse or induction systems


Jet fan systems originated 10 years ago and address many of the problems
associated with sheet metal ductwork.
In car parks jet fans are used to replace the ductwork and to drive
the fumes or smoke towards the extract fans to clear smoke.

_________________________________________________
ZONING IN BASEMENT
The car park is divided into smoke control zones with fire zones being
sacrificed in a fire with safe conditions being maintained in adjacent
zones.
Independent control of fans is required to cater for fires occurring in
different zones

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