Name:

___________________________________

Math 7.2, Period _____________

Mr. Rogove

Date: _______________

Linear equations and

Exponential Functions
Study Guide
SOLVING MORE COMPLICATED EQUATIONS
Using the Zero Product Property: If = 0, then either = 0 or = 0 or = =
0.
Examples:
3 2 8 = 0
Either 3 = 0 2 8 = 0


Variable Expressions in the Denominator
When solving equations with variable expressions in the denominator,
remember to create compound equations to exclude solutions that lead to a
denominator of 0.





Example:
4 12
= 4
3

The solution set for this equation would be 3}

Solving for a Variable
Use properties of equality and properties of arithmetic to solve for variables.

**If necessary, factor out a variable.
Example: Solve for x:
3 + = 21

3 + = 21

21
=

3+

Linear and Exponential Functions: Study Guide

Name: ___________________________________

Math 7.2, Period _____________

Mr. Rogove

Date: _______________

Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences

A sequence is an ordered list of elements. There can be a pattern to a sequence.
Example: Mr. Rogove begins the school year with 7 red markers. Every month, he
buys 4 more red markers. (this is a sequence that adds 4 every month).


Explicit Formula: This specifies the nth term of a sequence as an expression in n.
Example: = 4 1 + 7, when 1



Recursive Formula: This specifies the nth term of a sequence as an expression in
the previous term or previous couple of terms.
Example: ( + 1) = () + 4, when (1) = 7 and 1



Arithmetic Sequence: A sequence is arithmetic is theres a real number d (common
difference) such that each term in the sequence is the sum of the previous term and
d. These are ADDING sequences because they ADD from the previous term.
Examples: 2, 2, 6, 10,
+ 1 = + 4 for 1 and 1 = 2 or
= 6 + 4 for 1
****You can make parallels between arithmetic sequences
and LINEAR FUNCTIONS.****



Geometric Sequence: A sequence is geometric if there is a real number r (common
ratio) such that each term in the sequence is a product of the previous term and r.
There are MULTIPLYING sequences because they MULTIPLY from the previous
term.
Examples: 1, 3, 9, 27
+ 1 = 3 for 1 and 1 = 1 or
= 3!!! for 1
****You can make parallels between geometric sequences
and EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS.****

Linear and Exponential Functions: Study Guide

Name: ___________________________________

Math 7.2, Period _____________

Mr. Rogove

Date: _______________

Simple and Compound Interest

Banks and other financial institutions accept deposits and give out loans and either
give or charge interest. This interest can be measured in many ways, including
simple or compound interest.
Simple Interest: Interest that is calculated once per time period on the original
amount borrowed or invested. The interest does not become a part of the amount
borrowed or invested (principal).
Formula: =
where =interest paid, =principal, =interest rate, and =time.


Compound Interest: Interest is calculated once per period on the current amount
borrowed or invested. Each period, the interest becomes a part of the principal.
Formula: = +
=future value, =present value, =rate, =time

Exponential Functions
Exponential functions grow multiplicatively. They are written in the form:

Things to know:
0 = . In English, this means that when = 0, the function is equal
to the value of a.
is the starting point of the function. It is the y-intercept when the function
is graphed. .
defines the growth (or decay) factor of the function. When > 1, the
function will grow exponential large. When 0 < < 1, the function will decay
(shrink).

EXPONENTIAL GROWTH FUNCTIONS WILL ALWAYS ULTIMATELY GROW
FASTER THAN LINEAR FUNCTIONS!!

Example:
Linear Larry begins with $10,000 in his savings account. He earns no interest, but
deposits $100 every year.

Exponential Ellie begins with $100 in her savings account, but earns annual
interest of 10%.

It might take 53 years, but eventually, that $100 will be worth more than the
$10,000.

Linear and Exponential Functions: Study Guide

Name: ___________________________________

Math 7.2, Period _____________

Mr. Rogove

Date: _______________

PROBLEM SET
Hand this in before May 26!! This may not be turned in lateweve got no extra
time!

Solve for x.
Solve for x.
+ =



+
=

+ =



+ =


+
=

=


+


+

=

=

+


3 2 + 5 = 3 7
! 36 = 7 + 6


3 2 + 5 3 7 = 0
+ 6 6 = 7 + 6


3 2 + 5 7 = 0
+ 6 6 7 + 6 = 0


3 + 12 = 0
+ 6 6 7 = 0


3 = 0 and + 12 = 0
+ 6 13 = 0


= 3 and = 12
+ 6 = 0 and 13 = 0



= 6 and = 13

Linear and Exponential Functions: Study Guide

Name: ___________________________________

Math 7.2, Period _____________

Mr. Rogove

Date: _______________

1. Study the table below that captures the balance of Mollys bank account at the end
of each month and answer the questions.

Month
Dollar
0

$250

$500

$1,000

$2,000

a. Write a function rule that describes the pattern.

= 250 2 !

b. If the pattern continues, how many months will it take Molly to be a millionaire?
The question wants to know when will > 1,000,000

250 2 ! > 1,000,000

250
1000000
2 !>

250
250

2! > 4000
2!! = 2048, 2!! = 4096, > 12
After 12 months, Molly will have $1,024,000 in her account at that rate. Ill retire!!

2. Study the pattern below and answer the questions.

a. Write a sentence or two description of what you see happening in this pattern to
the number of shaded squares.
There is a square shaped shaded border that starts off two larger than the pattern
number and the side length increases by one with each pattern.
b. Write a function rule that describes the pattern in the shaded squares.
= + 2 ! ! 4 + 4 4( + 1)
c. How many shaded squares will there be in pattern 43?
43 = 4 43 + 1 = 173

5

Linear and Exponential Functions: Study Guide

Name: ___________________________________

Math 7.2, Period _____________

Mr. Rogove

Date: _______________

3. An exponential function is defined as = 5 3 ! .

a. Fill in the table below.


()
0

15

45

135

405

b. Describe in words what is happening to the function.
The functions begins with a 5 and multiplies by 3 each time x increased by 1.

4. An exponential function is defined as = 3 0.5 !
a. Fill in the table below.


()
0

1.5

0.75

0.375

0.1875

b. Why is your output decreasing as x grows larger?
The output decreases because the growth factor is between 0 and 1. Specifically the
growth factor is 0.5, and so the function diminishes as x gets largers.












6

Linear and Exponential Functions: Study Guide

Name: ___________________________________

Math 7.2, Period _____________

Mr. Rogove

Date: _______________

5. Jess is thinking about her future, and she decides to invest $5,000 in a certificate
of deposit (CD) that gives her 4% interest compounding each year.

a. How much money will she have in her CD at the end of the first year?
$5000 1 + .04 ! = $5,200

b. How much money will she have in her CD at the end of 5 years?
$5000 1 + .04 ! = $6,083.26

c. What function rule can we apply to help determine the value of CD for any number
of years?
= $5000 1 + .04 !


6. A biology lab is studying the growth of a virus at certain times. A researchers
records data every day noting the number of cells observed at 9AM every day.
Below is a table of his observations.


Day
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Number of

cells observed
3
6
12
24
48
96
192
(in thousands)



a. Unfortunately, ink spilled on the observation sheet. If the pattern should hold,
how many cells were observed on day 4 and 5?
48,000 and 96,000

b. Write a function rule for how this virus grows over time.
= 3 2 !

c. Is this a linear function, an exponential function, or neither? Explain how you
know.
This is an exponential function because it keeps multiplying by the same amount
each time. There is a constant ratio/growth factor2 for each day that passes, the
number of cells observed grows by a factor of 2.

Linear and Exponential Functions: Study Guide

Name: ___________________________________

Math 7.2, Period _____________

Mr. Rogove

Date: _______________

13. Earlier in the year, we studied lines of best fit, and looked at several different
real world scenarios and created a linear equation that best represented the data.
An example below looks at Detroits population over the past 60 years.



Year
Population


1950 1,849,568

1960 1,673,144

1970 1,511,482

1980 1,203,339

1990 1,027,974

2000 951,260

2010 713,144





When we calculated the line of best fit, we came up with a linear function,
= 19200 + 1,849,568, where x was the number of years that have passed
since 1950.

a. Based on this data, in what year would Detroit have a population of 0? Do you
think that Detroit will ever have a population of 0?
Based on this data Detroit would have no population when = 0. This means
that 19200 + 1849568 = 0. Using this equation, = 96.33 this means that 96
years after 1950, or by 2046, the population will be 0. While Detroit is a depressed
city, its unlikely that its population will actually hit 0there will likely be people in
the city for many years to come.

b. We can also use an exponential function in the form = ! . If we say on
average that Detroit expects to lose about 1% of its population each year, can you
write the exponential function that would describe Detroits growth.
= 1849568 . 99 !


c. WITHOUT doing calculations, do you think that using a linear model or
exponential model is better in this instance? Or do you think neither is better?
Explain your answer. Probably exponential because its unlikely that the population
will ever reach 0, which is what the linear model suggestsOver time, the
exponential model probably will look better.

Linear and Exponential Functions: Study Guide