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MATH12 Lesson 10

This document defines spherical trigonometry and spherical triangles. It explains that spherical trigonometry concerns triangles extracted from the surface of a sphere, bounded by three arcs of great circles. It defines key terms like great circles and spherical angles. It then outlines important propositions of spherical triangles, such as relationships between sides and opposite angles. It introduces the right spherical triangle and Napier's rules. It concludes by listing fundamental formulas used to solve problems involving spherical trigonometry and providing examples.

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Joyce Cullo
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34 views

MATH12 Lesson 10

This document defines spherical trigonometry and spherical triangles. It explains that spherical trigonometry concerns triangles extracted from the surface of a sphere, bounded by three arcs of great circles. It defines key terms like great circles and spherical angles. It then outlines important propositions of spherical triangles, such as relationships between sides and opposite angles. It introduces the right spherical triangle and Napier's rules. It concludes by listing fundamental formulas used to solve problems involving spherical trigonometry and providing examples.

Uploaded by

Joyce Cullo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SPHERICAL

TRIGONOMETRY

DEFINITION OF
TERMS:
Spherical Trigonometry is a branch of
trigonometry that concerns with triangles
extracted from the surface of the sphere.
Great Circle is a circle obtained by
passing a section through the center of the
sphere.
Spherical Triangle is a spherical surface
bounded by the area of three great circles.
Right Spherical Triangle is a spherical
triangle having a right angle.

SPHERICAL
TRIANGLE
A spherical
triangle is that
part of the surface
of a sphere bounded by three arcs of great
circles. The bounding arcs are called the sides
of the spherical triangle and the intersection of
these arcs are called the vertices. The angle
formed by two intersecting arcs is called a
spherical angle.
A

A
B
O

b
c

C
a

Important Propositions from Solid


Geometry
If two sides are equal, the angles opposite are
equal and conversely.
If two sides are unequal , the angles opposite are
unequal and the greater side is opposite the
greater angle and conversely.
The sum of any two sides is greater than the third
side, that is,
a + b > c, a + c > b, b + c > a
The sum of the three sides is less than 3600, that is,
00 < a + b + c < 3600
The sum of any two angles is less than 1800 plus
the third angle, that is,
A + B < 1800 + C, A + C < 1800 + B, B + C
< 1800 + A
The sum of the angles is greater than 1800 and less

RIGHT SPHERICAL
TRIANGLE
Napiers

co - B
c

A
b

co - c

a
b

Circle

co - A

Where:
co A = complement of A
co B = complement of B
co c = complement of c

NAPIERS RULE
NR1: The sine of any middle part is
equal to the product of the
tangents of the adjacent parts.
NR2: The sine of any middle part is
equal to the product of the
cosines of the opposite parts.
Laws of Quadrants
LQ1: Any side and its opposite angle lie in the
same quadrant and conversely.
LQ2: (a) If any two sides lie in the same quadrant,
then the third side is less than 900 and
conversely.
(b) If any two sides lie in different
quadrants, then the third side is greater
than 900 and conversely.

FUNDAMENTAL
FORMULAS:

tan a = tan c cos B


tan a = sin b tan A
tan b = sin a tan B
tan b = tan c cos A
cos c = cot A cot B
sin a = sin c sin A
sin b = sin c sin B
cos c = cos a cos b
cos A = cos a sin B
cos B = cos b sin A

EXAMPLE:
Solve the following right spherical triangle: (C
= 900)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

a = 50020
a = 45057
B = 52037
B = 48025
a = 98052

c = 80030
b = 68027
b = 48020
b = 52017
A = 38014

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