US Government Terms 2015-16

Directions: Make a flash card for each term (in most cases you will simply be resubmitting
cards from earlier units). The term must be on one side and a full identification on the other.
All must be handwritten, numbered and in order. Please put a blank card on top with your
name and period. Make sure the cards are held together securely with either on a ring or
with several rubber bands. Cards #1- 236 will be worth point each and cards #237 260
will be worth 1 point each for a total of 142 points. Remove all incomplete cards and
heading cards. CARDS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED UNNUMBERED OR OUT OF
ORDER!
Constitutional Underpinnings/Structure
1. Articles of Confederation
2. Virginia Plan
3. New Jersey Plan
4. Connecticut/Sherman/Great Compromise
5. Federalists/Federalist Papers
6. Anti-Federalist
7. Separation of powers
8. Checks and balances
9. Eminent domain
10. Elastic clause
11. Sovereignty
12. Republic
13. Pluralist theory
14. Elite and class theory
15. Hyperpluralist theory
16. Faction
Federalism
17. Federalism (general definition)
18. Unitary governments
19. Supremacy clause
20. 10th Amendment
21. Enumerated/expressed powers
22. Implied powers
23. Reserved powers
24. Full faith and credit
25. Privileges/immunities
26. Dual Federalism
27. Cooperative Federalism
28. Fiscal federalism
29. Formula grants
30. Block grant
31. Categorical grants
32. Project grants
33. Devolution
Political Culture
34. Political socialization
35. Demographics
36. Minority majority
37. Political efficacy
38. Motor Voter Act

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Exit poll
Partisan
Bipartisan
Coalition
Independents
Red/Blue/Purple states
Caucus
Primary (closed, open, blanket)
Super-delegates
Critical election
Dealignment
Realignment
Divided government
Third parties
Initiative
Referendum
Reapportionment
Electoral College (# of votes & #/% needed to win)
Winner-take-all
Split ticket voting
Retrospective voting
Selective perception
Investigative journalism
Horserace journalism
Trial balloons
Narrowcasting
Spin/Spin doctor
Political Action Committees
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974/FEC
Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act/McCain-Feingold
Soft money
Lobbying
527s
Swiftboating
Polarization/party polarization
Candidate-centered campaign

Legislative Branch
75. bicameral legislature
76. bill
77. casework
78. Speaker of the House
79. Majority Leader
80. Minority Leader
81. whip
82. House Rules Committee
83. caucus
84. pork barrel
85. committee chairs
86. standing committee
87. select committee
88. joint committees
89. conference committee
90. seniority system
91. legislative oversight
92. filibuster

93. cloture
94. incumbents
95. trustee role
96. delegate role
97. gerrymandering (packing and cracking/dilution)
98. appropriations bill
99. authorization bill
100. budget
101. budget resolution
102. Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974
103. Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
104. continuing resolution
105. deficit
106. entitlements
107. expenditures
108. federal debt
109. House Ways and Means Committee
110. income tax
111. incrementalism
112. earmarks
113. reconciliation
114. revenues
115. Senate Finance Committee
116. Sixteenth Amendment
117. Social Security Act
118. tax expenditures
119. uncontrollable expenditures
Executive Branch
120. Cabinet
121. Council of Economic Advisors (CEA)
122. Executive agreement
123. Executive privilege
124. Impeachment
125. Line Item Veto
126. National Security Council (NSC)
127. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) (move here from Leg. Branch)
128. Pocket veto
129. Bully pulpit
130. Twenty-fifth Amendment
131. Twenty-second Amendment
132. War Powers Resolution/Act
133. Watergate
134. Bureaucracy
135. Administrative discretion
136. Command and control policy
137. Deregulation
138. Executive orders
139. Governmental corporations
140. Hatch Act
141. Independent executive agencies
142. Independent regulatory agency
143. Iron triangle/subgovernment
144. patronage
145. Pendleton Civil Service Act

Judicial Branch
146. Amicus curiae
147. Civil law
148. Class action suit
149. Common law
150. Concurring opinion
151. Criminal law
152. Dissenting opinion
153. Judicial activism
154. Judicial restraint
155. Judicial review
156. Litigation
157. Political questions
158. Precedent
159. Per curiam decision
160. Rule of four
161. Strict construction
162. Stare decisis
163. Statutory law
164. Federal court of appeals
165. Federal district courts
166. Original jurisdiction
167. Writ of certiorari
168. Writ of habeas corpus
Civil Liberties/Rights
169. 14th Amendment (2 clauses)
170. Civil liberties
171. Civil rights
172. Selective incorporation
173. Expressed/symbolic speech
174. Compelling interest test
175. De facto segregation
176. De jure segregation
177. Due process rights
178. Exclusionary rule
179. Fighting words
180. Procedural due process
181. Prior restraint
182. Rational basis test
183. Substantive due process
184. Suspect classification
185. Wall of separation
186. Equal protection rights
Supreme Court Cases
187. Marbury v. Madison (1803)
188. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
189. Gibbon v. Ogden (1824)
190. Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
191. U.S. v. Lopez (1995)
192. Reynolds v. US (1878)
193. Schenck v. U.S. (1919)
194. Near v. Minnesota (1931)
195. Engel v. Vitale (1962)

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236.

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)
Dennis v. U.S. (1971)
New York Times v. U.S. (1971)
Miller v. California (1973)
Texas v. Johnson (1989)
Employment divisionOregon v. Smith (1990)
Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. Hialeah (1993)
Citizens United v. FEC (2010)
McDonald v. Chicago (2010)
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)
Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)
Lawrence v. Texas (2003)
Ex parte Milligan (1866)
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Katz v. U.S. (1967)
New Jersey v. TLO (1985)
Barron v. Baltimore (1833)
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Gitlow v. New York (1925) (1st Amendment also)
Korematsu v. U.S. (1944)
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)
Brown v. Board of Education II (1955)
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. U.S. (1964)
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
Gratz v. Bollinger (2003)
Furman v. Georgia (1972)
Gregg v. Georgia (1976)
Roper v. Simmons (2005)
Baker v. Carr (1962)
Wesberry v. Sanders (1964)
Shaw v. Reno (1993)
U.S. v. Nixon (1974)
Clinton v. Jones (1997)
Clinton v. City of New York (1998)
Bush v. Gore (2000)

For #237 254, you must make new cards. Each will be worth 1 point.

Budget/Economy/Public Policy
237. Public policy
238. Policy agenda
239. Federal Reserve System /The FED
240. FDA
241. EPA
242. Medicare
243. Medicaid
244. Environmental Impact Statement
245. Superfund
246. Social welfare policies
247. Fiscal policy
248. Monetary policy

249. Impoundment
250. Subsidy
251. NATO
Legislative Acts
252. Social Security Act
253. Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)
254. Voting Rights Act of 1965
255. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990
256. Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (McCain-Feingold Act) of 2002
257. Federal Election Campaign Act
258. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
259. Gramm-Rudman Hollings Act
260. Independent Counsel Statute