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Cylindrical and Quadric Surface

1) Cylinders are surfaces generated by moving a straight line parallel to a fixed line along a planar curve. Their equations relate the coordinates of points on the surface. 2) Quadric surfaces are graphs of second-degree equations in x, y, z. Basic quadric surfaces include ellipsoids, paraboloids, cones, and hyperboloids. 3) Various quadric surfaces are defined by their characteristic equations and examples are given of sketching their graphs based on intersections with coordinate planes.

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447 views

Cylindrical and Quadric Surface

1) Cylinders are surfaces generated by moving a straight line parallel to a fixed line along a planar curve. Their equations relate the coordinates of points on the surface. 2) Quadric surfaces are graphs of second-degree equations in x, y, z. Basic quadric surfaces include ellipsoids, paraboloids, cones, and hyperboloids. 3) Various quadric surfaces are defined by their characteristic equations and examples are given of sketching their graphs based on intersections with coordinate planes.

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Assist.

Lecturer Hasan Al-Assady

Cylinders and Quadric Surfaces

Cylinders
A cylinder is a surface that is generated by moving a straight line along a given
planar curve while holding the line parallel to a given fixed line.
- The curve is called a generating curve for the cylinder
Example
Find an equation for the cylinder made by the lines parallel to the z-axis that pass
through the parabola y = x2, z = 0
solution:
The point P(a, a2, 0) lies on the parabola y = x2 in the xyplane. Then, for any value of z,
the point Q(a, a2, z) lies on the cylinder because it lies on
the line x = a, y = a2 through P parallel to the z-axis.
Therefore, the points on the surface are the points whose
coordinates satisfy the equation y = x2
This makes y = x2 be an equation for the cylinder, so we call the cylinder y = x2.
QUADRIC SURFACES
A quadric surface is the graph in space of a second-degree equation in x, y, and z.
We fucus on the special equation (Ax2 +By2 + Cz2 + Dz = E)
where A, B, C, D, and E are constants.
- The basic quadric surfaces are ellipsoids, paraboloids, elliptical cones, and
hyperboloid.
- Spheres are special cases of ellipsoids

1- Ellipsoid:
The equation of the ellipsoid is:

Example :
Sketch the ellipsoid
solution:
choose y = 0 and z = 0

x = a, -a

(a,0,0) and (-a, 0, 0) cuts the coordinates

choose x = 0 and z = 0

y = b, -b

(0, b ,0) and (0, -b, 0) cuts the coordinates

choose x = 0 and y = 0

z = c, -c

(0, 0, c) and (0, 0, -c) cuts the coordinates

therefore,

Assist. Lecturer Hasan Al-Assady

Cylinders and Quadric Surfaces

if z = 0 , then

ellipse between x,y-planes

if y = 0 , then

ellipse between x,z-planes

if x = 0 , then

ellipse between y,z-planes

so the graph is :

2- The Elliptical Paraboloid :


The equation of the elliptical paraboloid is:

Example :
Sketch the elliptical paraboloid

solution
choose y = 0 and z = 0

x = a, -a

(a,0,0) and (-a, 0, 0) cut the coordinates

choose x = 0 and z = 0

y = b, -b

(0, b ,0) and (0, -b, 0) cut the coordinates

choose x = 0 and y = 0

z= c

(0, 0, c) cuts the coordinates

therefore,
if x = 0 , then

parabola between y, z-axes


open in the positive of z-axis

if y = 0, then

parabola between x, z-axes


open in the negative of z-axis

choose z = c, then
graph is above:

elliptic between x, y-axis, so the

3- The Elliptical Cone :


The equation of the elliptical cone is:

Example :

Assist. Lecturer Hasan Al-Assady

Cylinders and Quadric Surfaces

Sketch the ellipsoid the hyperbolic paraboloid


solution:
choose y = 0 and z = 0

x = a, -a

(a,0,0) and (-a, 0, 0) cut the coordinates

choose x = 0 and z = 0

y = b, -b

(0, b ,0) and (0, -b, 0) cut the coordinates

choose x = 0 and y = 0

z = c, -c

(0, 0, c) and (0, 0, -c) cuts the coordinates

therefore,
if x = 0 , then

line between y, z-axes

if y = 0, then

line between x, z-axes

choose z = c, then

ellipsoid between x, y-axis,

so the graph is above:

4- Hyperboloid Of One Sheet :


The equation of the hyperboloid of one sheet is

Example :
Sketch the ellipsoid the hyperbolic paraboloid
Solution:
choose y = 0 and z = 0

x = a, -a

(a,0,0) and (-a, 0, 0) cut the coordinates

choose x = 0 and z = 0

y = b, -b

(0, b ,0) and (0, -b, 0) cut the coordinates

choose x = 0 and y = 0

z = c, -c

(0, 0, c) and (0, 0, -c) cut the coordinates

therefore,
if x = 0 , then

hyperbolic between y, z-axes

if y = 0, then

hyperbolic between x, z-axes

choose z = 0, then

ellipsoid between x, y-axis,

so the graph is above:

Assist. Lecturer Hasan Al-Assady

Cylinders and Quadric Surfaces

5- The Hyperboloid of two sheets :


The equation of the hyperboloid of two sheet is

Example :
Sketch the Hyperboloid of two sheets
Solution:
if x = 0 , then

hyperbolic between y, z-axes

if y = 0, then

hyperbolic between x, z-axes

choose z = 0, then - (

negative of ellipsoid between

x, y-axis, so the graph is above:

6- The hyperbolic paraboloid :


The equation of the hyperbolic paraboloid is

Example :
Sketch the ellipsoid the hyperbolic paraboloid
solution:
choose y = 0 and z = 0

x = a, -a

(a,0,0) and (-a, 0, 0) cut the coordinates

choose x = 0 and z = 0

y = b, -b

(0, b ,0) and (0, -b, 0) cut the coordinates

choose x = 0 and y = 0

z= c

(0, 0, c) cuts the coordinates

therefore,
if x = 0 , then

parabola between y, z-axes


open in the positive of z-axis

if y = 0, then

parabola between x, z-axes


open in the negative of z-axis

choose z = c, then

hyperbolic between x, y-axis, so the graph is above:

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