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Performing Queries Using Proc SQL

This document provides an overview of using PROC SQL in SAS. It describes the basic PROC SQL statement and covers key clauses like SELECT, FROM, WHERE, and ORDER BY. Examples are provided to illustrate how to perform simple queries and create tables from query results.

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Rajwanur Rahman
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60 views

Performing Queries Using Proc SQL

This document provides an overview of using PROC SQL in SAS. It describes the basic PROC SQL statement and covers key clauses like SELECT, FROM, WHERE, and ORDER BY. Examples are provided to illustrate how to perform simple queries and create tables from query results.

Uploaded by

Rajwanur Rahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Chapter 1

Performing Queries Using


PROC SQL

Spring 2012 Imelda Go, John Grego, Jennifer Lasecki and the University of South Carolina
1

PROC SQL Basics

PROC SQL is the SAS


implementation of Structured Query
Language (SQL)

SQL is a standardized language and


is widely used to retrieve and
update data in tables
PROC SQL can often be used as an
alternative to other SAS procedures
or the data step

PROC SQL Basics


The PROC SQL statement does not
need to be repeated with each
query
PROC SQL does not require a run
statement
To end PROC SQL, submit another
procedure, a data step, or a quit
statement.

Uses for SQL

Retrieve data from tables


Add or modify data in a table
Add, modify, or drop columns in a
table
Create tables and views
Join tables
Create reports
4

Basic PROC SQL Step


proc sql;
select column1, column2,, columnn
from table1 (or view1)
<where expression>
<group by column1,,columnn>
<having expression>
<order by column1,,columnn>;

SELECT Statement
The SELECT statement follows the
PROC SQL statement
The SELECT statement retrieves
and displays data
The SELECT statement is composed
of clauses (e.g., SELECT, FROM,
WHERE)
The SELECT and FROM clauses are
required. The remaining clauses

The Order of Clauses Within


the PROC SQL SELECT
Statement Matters

SELECT (So)
FROM (Few)
WHERE (Workers)
GROUP BY (Go)
HAVING (Home)
ORDER BY (On-time)
7

SELECT Clause
The first clause in the SELECT
statement
Specifies the column(s) to be
selected from the table
Each column listed must be
separated by a comma
A label can be specified for a
column in the SELECT clause

SELECT Clause
New columns (i.e., columns that are
not in the table) can be created
with the SELECT clause
The new columns may contain text
or a calculation
New columns will appear in the
output but will not be kept unless a
table or view is created

FROM Clause
The

FROM clause specifies which


table(s) or view(s) to be queried

10

2011 SC Baseball Stats


(bbstats)
Player

At Bats

Hits

BB

Christian Walker 271

97

36

Scott Wingo

240

81

44

Brady Thomas

231

73

23

Evan Marzilli

220

64

25

Robert Beary

211

61

12

Adrian Morales

249

70

30

Peter Mooney

254

71

44

Jake Williams

209

56

21

Jackie Bradley
Jr.

162

40

22

11

Example Select and From


Clauses
proc sql;
select player,
atbats
from bbstats;
quit;

player

atbats

Christian
Walker

271

Scott Wingo

240

Brady Thomas

231

Evan Marzilli

220

Robert Beary

211

Adrian Morales

249

Peter Mooney

254

Jake Williams

209

Jackie Bradley
Jr.

162

12

Example Select and From


Clauses
proc sql;
select player,
hits/atbats as
avg
from bbstats;
quit;

player

avg

Christian Walker

.358

Scott Wingo

.338

Brady Thomas

.316

Evan Marzilli

.291

Robert Beary

.289

Adrian Morales

.281

Peter Mooney

.280

Jake Williams

.268

Jackie Bradley Jr.

.247

13

WHERE Clause
The WHERE clause subsets the data
from the table(s) based on one or
more conditions
The WHERE clause can be any valid
SAS expression
The columns specified in the
WHERE clause do not have to
appear in the SELECT clause

14

Example Where Clause


proc sql;
select player,
atbats
from bbstats
where atbats >
230;
quit;

player

atbats

Christian
Walker

271

Scott Wingo

240

Brady Thomas

231

Adrian Morales

249

Peter Mooney

254

15

HAVING Clause
Works with the GROUP BY clause to
restrict groups that are displayed in
the output, based on one or more
conditions
Discussed in more detail in Chapter
2

16

ORDER BY Clause

ORDER BY sorts rows by the values of a


specified column or specified columns.
Each column must be separated by a
comma
Descending sort specify the keyword
DESC following the column name
In the ORDER BY clause, you can
reference the column by its name or the
position in the SELECT clause. Use an
integer to indicate the columns
position.
17

Example Order By Clause


proc sql;
select player,
atbats
from bbstats
order by atbats
desc;
quit;

player

atbats

Christian
Walker

271

Peter Mooney

254

Adrian Morales

249

Scott Wingo

240

Brady Thomas

231

Evan Marzilli

220

Robert Beary

211

Jake Williams

209

Jackie Bradley
Jr.

162

18

Example Order By Clause


player

atbats

proc sql;
select player,
atbats
from bbstats
order by 2 desc;
quit;

Christian
Walker

271

Peter Mooney

254

Adrian Morales

249

Scott Wingo

240

Brady Thomas

231

Evan Marzilli

220

Robert Beary

211

Jake Williams

209

This example uses the


columns
position in the SELECT clause
in

Jackie Bradley
Jr.

162

19

CREATE TABLE Statement

Use the CREATE TABLE statement to


create a new table from the results
of a query

20

PROC SQL Step for Creating


a Table from a Query Result
proc sql;
create table table-name as
select column1, column2,, columnn
from table1 (or view1)
<where expression>
<group by column1,,columnn>
<order by column1,,columnn>;

21

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