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ARRL-HAM Radio License Manual Chapter 1

ARRL HAM RADIO LICENSE MANUAL CHAPTER 1

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Jerry Yang
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929 views30 pages

ARRL-HAM Radio License Manual Chapter 1

ARRL HAM RADIO LICENSE MANUAL CHAPTER 1

Uploaded by

Jerry Yang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ered The ARRL License Manual Es -- Amateur Radio Operator ~ FIRST Se BCR ea cee ce Peni See eco Poke reac) Pura} Pieced MSE SE ie Thank you for your order, LaTonya McQuillon! k you for shopping with Half Price Bocks! Please contact service4 [email protected]. if you ‘ny questions, comments or concerns about your order (59072863-1) “Than have: Shei Qty sku ISBNUPC Tile & Author/Artist 1 (166429343 9780872599635 _ARRL Ham Radio License Manual: All You Nev SCI 6.4 2 ‘American Rado Relay League, H. Ward Silver @ Ey SHIPPED STANDARD TO: ORDER 580726641 oa LaTonya Meduiton Alibris z 4800 Calhoun Rd 2 817 Scionce & Research Bldg 1 A Houston Tx 77206 Lt g 5 3 honk Vou LiTonyo¥ v ' _ The ARRL & & Ham Radio _ 3/8" License Manual Ura hou} Amateur Radio Operator ‘1st Edition By Ward Silver, NOAX David Pingree, NiNAS, Senior Technical litustiator: Jodi Morin, KA1JPA, Assistant Production Supervisor: Layout } Kathy Ford, Proofreader ‘Sue Fagan, Graphic Design Supervisor: Cover Design Michelle Bloom, WB1ENT, Producton Supervisor: Layout pe fj | $ ARRL Awareun Rabie 225 Main Street, Newington, CT 06111-1494 ‘Copyright © 2008-2007 by ‘The American Radio Relay League, Inc Copyright secured under tne Pan-American Comention Printad in USA ‘Quodan reservados todos 1s derechos ISBN 0-87259-963.9 ‘his bock may be used for Technician license exams given eginning July 1, 2006, Contents 11 21 341 41 5-1 6-1 7A 8-1 9-1 270 Preface The Adventure Begins! How to Use this Book Welcome to Amateur Radio Radio and Electronics Fundamentals Operating Station Equipment Communicating with Other Hams Licensing Regulations Operating Regulations Radio Safety Glossary Technician Question Pool Index wi Pn Se lll m= How to Use this Book We designed The ARRL. Ham Redio License Manual both for self study snd for ‘classroom use. An interested student will find this book compet, readable and easy to understand, Read carefully, and test Yourself atten as you study. Before you know it, you'll be ready to pas Why deprive yourselr of the Manual gees harcin-hand with a very fective ARRL-sponsored_ training Program rin by over 2000 volunteer address. were listed earlicr:) Hams ae very social animals who derive a great Gal of pleasure from helping a newcomer along the learning situation is often the ‘There are knowledgeable Wo when you have a question or problem, fan quiz one another on basic class thouth, Use The ARRL Ham Rata ta Manual \ audy for your Technician exam und you'll be on the air in no time at all Bite-Sized Information ‘material in easily digested and sized sections. You will be di Guestion pool at the back of the book as you complete & section of the mat 10 move on, need a little mo you through the complete the book, these instr to learn the material corrccily the ne thas to ah ahead, ignoring weak areas and unresolved queso Every page presents information you'll need ei Pass the exam and become an effective operator. Pa} ‘tention to diagrams, photographs, sketches and 4 wealth of information you back fo the beginning of the 20th Century, and — seman seis cont even a ou el Start at the Study the aera pest in this book and and 4 few ques determine how the theory in tsighforan have any problems. Revie Plated sections if you have any NEF the questions again, In this way, you : TRatY for your exam, Before you know it, you'll be the air ‘Don’t be aftaid to ask for help if you don't vi “Join ARRL and expel the BEST of Ham Radi ARAL Membership Benefits and Services: poaaazne — yout Monty source cf news, easytoons | want to join ARRL. cen = ‘i Sith mee sheer Sete SE a ee tak er oa apr = as SURED Seah ce es a Sasa 220 tyrant 6 Pubes tans 2etarot cont nis an Sse nm secon waa eet Soe aaa ee eae eee per ee e Cet Tok Foe Us) 4 Ta Cree US) 1-008-277-5209, totem QARRE timc atcn et ieee This first section of the book will explain: ‘+ What the Technician license is + How to study with this book ‘= Where you can find otherhams + What makes Amateur Radio unique + Why the FCC makesthe J rules + What activities you'll find in Amateur Radio Ready? Set? Go! your ‘answer the exam questions shown in the text ‘You can study you can enroll in a pur own or ing Welcome to Amateur Radio [EE] sponsored training program. By joining Of these ham radio experts and ‘When you are ready to take you'l HOW TO USE THIS BOOK ‘The ARRL Ham Radio License Manual bas seven sect pment and the fundamentals of how radi As you lear about ‘you can be sure you If you are taking a licensing class, help Your instructors by let about areas in which you need help. They we ARAL “Wetcome to Ham Rack Web page at ‘Want you to leam as thoroughly and ‘wwarrlorg/hamradio.htmi kl a back Sen pas several links right at the quickly as possible, so don ‘classes, study materials, ‘background information, and mora, okra the The ARR Ham Rado Les fat gy Uru OF an expert operator to get Your encounter some basic science about fea: ADVANCED STUDENTS Perhaps you've used other types of radios, such as Citizen's Band or a busi radio at work, You might have received some technical or operator training. If so, ‘suggest that you jump to the Question Pool in the Appendix and review the questions and ‘answers. If you find it easy to answer some of the questions correctly, you can skim or skip the corresponding sections of the book. ‘The ARRL Ham Radio License Manual that provides background on that topic, Regardless of your background, be sure to review the section on Operating Legally since ham radio procedures and conventions may be different than what you're used to. SELF-STUDY OR CLASSROOM STUDENTS ‘The ARRL Ham Radio License Manual can be used either by an individual student, stadying ‘on his or her own, or as part of a licensing class taught by an instructor. If you're part of a class, the instructor will guide you through the book, section by section. The solo student can move at ‘any pace and in any convenient order. You'll find that having a buddy to study with makes learning the material more fun as you help each other over the rough spots. Don’t hesistate to ask for help! Your instructor can provide information on anything you find difficult. Classroom students may find asking their students to be helpful. If If you can't find the answer to the ARRL’s New Ham Desk, newham@arrlorg. The ARRL's experts directly or connect you with another ham operator that can answer your questicns. Whether you take a of the many on-line resources noted in the text. The ARRL Ham Radio License icb page, www.arrLorg/hrim, contains many useful links, organized in sections this book. USING THE QUESTION POOL Resist the temptation to just memorize the answers. Doing so leaves you without the real understanding that will make ham radio enjoyable and useful. The ARRL Ham Radio License Manual covers every one of the exam questions, 50 you can be sure you're ready at exam time. ‘When using the Question Pool, cover fold over the answers at the edge of the page to Each question also includes a cross- reference back to the s understand the question or answer, please go hack and review that section. The ARRL'S condensed guide Tech Q&A also provides explanations for each one of the exam questions. ON-LINE EXAMS ‘When you feel like you're nearly ready for the actual exam you can get some good practice by taking one of the on-line Amateur Radio exams, These Web sites use the same ‘questions and answers to construct an exam with the same number and variety of questions that you'll encounter on exam day. The exams are free and you can take them over and over again in complete privacy. Links to on-line exams can be found on the ARRL's The ARRL Ham Radio License Manual Web page. These exams are quite realistic and you get quick feedback about the questions you missed. When you find yourself passing the on-line exams by a comfortable margin, you'll be ready for the real thing! A note of caution, be sure that the questions used are current—the Technician question pool is completely rewritten every three years, The set of questions put in place in July of 2006 will be replaced in 2009. (Other license class question pools will expire in 2007 and 2008.) Welcome to Amateur Radio (MIRE) fof check out our World Wide Web site: wow.atrl.org/ ne ‘Some special content just feoihaw ton a the t copy of the ARRL’s Tech QA, v0 On the topic, bichon cdu NCIe ETT AS you reat on the licensing exam, you wil have ser aare na Renee ARB anne ai em yu bral so ARAL vere. the ‘and gis reaver patertae tr oa ge ard nas Foc uaeetY Ned Sevier rh eapeig Steperers er Merny Wat doo rah OSH the information it , fri peanoon ‘Study guises with an informal, endl race Operating Manual. depth chapters on ty T viva ea ef cet a, aa ea, Br eam wna heathy set of reterence tabes endo incarnate ets croc sxe et nrt ons tetramer ae | seosta ee aes TESTING PROCESS including at icense, ‘The Technician test takes from 15 t0 45 minut and an answer sheet. As you answer each qui sheet. Once you've answered al and verify your test rest If you don’t pass, don’t be discouraged! the test right then and there if the sessio decide to try again later, you now know just relaxed and ready than once before passing. You'll be in good company! TIME TO GET STARTED! L member looks forward to the day when your signals join ours on (best regards) and good luck! Welcome to Amateur Radio A] Amateur Radio Clubs and = Organizations ‘Your ham radio support group comes in many forms—a fe nearby ham, a c not only during you nt or classmate, = resources for you, ‘has mentored or Elmered another ham ‘You'll be amazed at the amount of nity, YOUR RADIO CLUB make an extra effort to offe aspiring and new hams, help by participating site. Take advantage and maybe those informal lunches or break duce yourself to the club officers and let the ornew member. Is there another new member? ‘You'll be one of the regulars, ARRL—THE NATIONAL AS: Possibly the oldest radio o has SOCIATION FOR AMATEUR RADIO ganization in the world, the American Radio Relay League gral Part of Amateur Rado from the very beginning. The ARRL offers Aen, gSsistance to potential and licensed hams than any other organization, which includes operating the largest ofthe Volumes Examiner Coordinator and working on ‘etulf of ll hams withthe FOC and Congaess Members also have access to the extensive ARRL Web site which is hom and numerous ‘Operating and educational res and costs about the same as a couple of large ing benefits! Ugh the learning {fat Personally guides and tutors @ new ham through the i doesnt reer to Paes, both before Bie began in 1935 as ARES, to provide communi © Advocacy 1° ARRL, Amatour Radio has been rowth. The ARRL serves as a voice the Federal Communications Commi '* Education The educational mission of the ARRL is twofold. (1) To recruit new amateurs, the tudy guides for Amateur Radio license exams, maintains a © Membership majority of acti Conventions and Ham! ‘conventions and swapt or radios, accessories and trends and the latest technology, tions, special events and much more, ‘These words are discussed more thoroughly in the next section, but are defined here to help you Frequency—the rate at which a radio signal oscilates (electrical vibrations) Band—a range of frequencies, usually used for a common purpose, such as by amateurs or broadcastes ‘Signal—radio energy used in a circuit or as a wave in order to communicate ‘Channel—a number that refers to radio operation on a fixed frequency. Channel numbers are easer to remember than frequencies. HF, VHF, ard UHF—High Frequency, Very High Frequency, and Ultra High Frequency reler to different frequency bands. Welcome to Amateur Radio [IEE] Who Made the “Ham”? BH What is Amateur Radio KE7AYY works into the night 9 the 20-meter tog ‘AB2LE is studying computer ‘science at college. He earned his license when he was 12. icensed at 7 years old, in engineering student KBOVVT loves CW contesting. ‘Operating from a tent on the beach, WA1S made over 5000 ‘contacts from Isolated Kure Atoll in the Pacific with the K7C ‘team in 2005, (WA1S Photo) \d'be performed with regular voice equip- OSCAR-1, was launched in 1961, ‘communications. Packet -veloped by hams and local electronics, 100, as hams chat keyboard” or send pictures via radio. You'll even find ing their own TV stations and transmitting profes- ications industry, hams also look to the ‘Thete are more than a dozen active . connecting hams on the ‘ground by voice, Morse code, and data signals. ‘There is even a ham station on the International Space Station used by astron: and ground-based hams alike. Ham-writien softw: signals to be bounced off the moon and even meteor trail atmosphere. ‘When disaster strikes, you find hams responding quickly and capably in support of public safety agencies and relief organizations such as the Red Cross. Amateur Radio is an important part of of many emergency communications plans. Between emergencies, hams tur out in great numbers (0 provide communications for parades, sporting events, festivals, and other public occasions. Welcome to Amateur Radio (EE) more aspects than you every day. Are you ready to WHO CAN BE A HAM? led er ee ee Can you be on , ee competition in the fami with diabilites carn a ticense, pet on Genie is 17-year-old Rebecea Rich, | KBOVVT has beet license at and Barb, ends and really that reached Amateur Extra while younger than ham radio and was the ARRL’s Hiram Perey Maxim award top official at one DX Club's award- winning monthly newsletter, The Totem Tabloid. & Seattle Mariners baseball fan, Jack also manages a fantasy baseball week when not operating mobile or low power portable around WHAT DO HAMS DO? There are so many things that hams do that it's alm« a shirt pocket, be on the air. Hams use relay stations ‘called repeaters to allow hams using low-power radios to talk with each over a wide region, 50 miles or more. On other frequencies, hams bounce signals off the upper layers of the atmosphere, thousands of miles around the globe. Even computer-to-computer speech is available on ham radio; across town or to a distant repeater system on another continent. Sending ‘The oldest method hams use is the venerable Morse code, now well into its second century of use. Far from being a useless antique, Morse trans ions are simple 10 generate and very efficient. Hams also love the 3000 (left) and Ray, NOJA, musicality of “the code” and have devised many Ways to generate Morse, (right) operate the ARRL from the original “straight key” to fancy electronic versions and even via aon, WAN using yolce computer keyboards. Morse has language al is own, both inthe clear, stakes contest. pure tones and in the mannerisms with which hams connect and converse. Welcome to Amateur Radio EEE} fee KMSWN releys requests for supplies trom some Of the hundreds of EOC offices in the disaster regular voice transmitters to se distance paths to hams thousan Katrina 2005—Hams Volunteer Across America ‘Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES) volunteers in Louisiana were heavily engaged in the Hurricane Katrina recovery effort, and more were waiting in the wings ‘o help as soon as they were cleared to onter storm- ravaged zones. Wincs and flooding from the huge storm wreaked havoc in Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama after Katrina came ashore early Monday, August 29, 2005. Louisiana ARES Section Emergency Coordinator Gary Stratton, the ARAL that some 250 ARES members had been working with relief organizations and emergency management agencies from the beginning. In Alabama, ARRL Section Manager Greg Sarratt, W407K, raported power outages in the northern part of the state when Katrina moved through the region Monday evening, bringing flooding rains and high winds. Amateur Radio SKYWARN nets were active Monday, reporting the severe wether Conditions to the Naional Weather Service. Sarratt himself handled a volunteer shift at the Huntsville NWS office Monday evening, He told ARRL Headquarters that ARES groups throughout the state— ‘and especially in central and southern Alabama—had been supporting communication for local emergency management agencies and the Red Cross. ‘ARAL Mississippi Section Manager Maicoim Keown, generator power and makeshift antennas. His area was Section Manager Edwin Frat jn Vicksburg, remained on ‘without electrical power o (CA, says Amateur Radio operators deployed from Houston for ns assignment ai the New Orleans Superdome. Because of additional flocding, damage ‘and other problems at the Superdome, authorities relocated some 25,000 flood ‘evacuees from the Superdome by bus convoy to the Houston Astrodome, Hams assisted with that took two or threo days. 36 offer just a tiny glimpse of how Amateur Radio responsed to this monumental disaster. Amateurs came to h hout the United States. In the February 2006 issue of QST magazine, the membership journal of the ARRL, you find a list of more than 1000 amateurs who assisted during the that disastrous hurricane season. ‘o have a big emergency for hams to piich so providing public service by assisting with communica parades, sporting events, or serving as weather watchers. iue of Amateur Radio to their communities and ‘has the ARRL Amateur Radio yromote readiness. The ARRL ions (or “Emcommn”) training ther citizen that they’Il be ready when called upon for real. WHAT MAKES AMATEUR RADIO DIFFERENT? of other types of radios you can buy in a store—Citizen’s Band, MRS “walkabouts”, marine radio for boaters—what is it about Amateur Radio that sets it apart? In a word, variety. You'll find that each of the radio types listed below are designed for just a few purposes and they might do that w ateur Radio, ‘on the other hand, is tremendously flexible with many different types of signals and radi Table 1-1 ‘Typos of Personal Radio Service Channels Imended Use Range Citizens Band (CB) 40 rivate/business 10 miles + Marine VHF 50 maritime 20 miles + Family Radio Service (FRS) 22 Personal 2 miles ‘Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS) 5 Personal 5 miles Unlicensed Personal Radios The most ange radio: ‘ices, In many: instances, hams FRS/GMRS, toca ens alSO create: Tew Wena “tii i ome Business and Public Safety Radio Every day you see police and fi os as part of their jobs. Many businesses also have their employees tse similar radios. How do these relate to Amateur Radio? The FCC has created four large frequency bands with hundreds of available channels for the use of public agencies and private businesses. These users, public a sensed, just like h As with the amateurs use nearby frequencies that have similar characteristics. The radio electronics are very similar to amateur radios, somet identical. In fact, many a ham has adapted a surplus commercial or put ham radio use. The commercial “model” of radi use based on discrete channels has been adopted by hams in portions of their nearby bands. However, in other portions of those bands, hams also use types of signals and at are completely unknown to their channelized cousins Welcome to Amateur Radio BR] THE FCC & Licensed Radio Services ‘The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) the radio frequencies used by U.S. radio stations these frequencies with other countries as part of ions Union (ITU). you may jithout a BTA license, the vast majority orbe Ifyou can lear employed by a company that Pe eRe and Per del eaters Pm WHY GET A LICENSE? banquet of ham Fee ree licensing works for Amateur Worth the effort to get LICENSING OVERVIE ‘The FCC has a diff services, Each service was do not require #” licensed. This i ‘This eae may be used. ‘The important thing is to just get stz tradeoff lowers the training re- Luring Read some ctiheboositatesrecsrees ee Mee sured for rao wes. Liens guide handy. Ask questions and robs. Keep a study imarily a method a the airwaves, Stas mating sons and your soos ora lense, sont Amateurs, on the other hand, ‘Practice exams will scar. _°€ great latitude in how we Ue their radios. We can build and repair our own radios. ‘The procedures on the air are compl wherever we want in our bands, with few restrictions. This interference to other radio services, requires that the radio users be more knowledgeable than the typical user in other services. Amateurs, therefore, have to pass a licensing exami- nation, Amateur Licenses Once upon a time, the FCC gave Amateur Radio exams. You'll hear tales of how hams had to travel long distances to get to the regional Federal Building, stand in lines for hours, sit on uncomfortable chairs. and sweat their way through the exams which were graded by a wonder any of us survived! snse also specifies your call sign that becomes your radi ree classes of license being granted today: the Technician, jicensee more and more privileges, meaning frequencies contacts, Table 1-2 shows the elements and privileges sur Service, you are expected to compl the FCC's mules for the Amateur Service. In retum, you are granted the right to operate and to be free from harmful interference by unlicensed users and devices. Leen nnn LU EEEEEIIENNEII SEES Table 1-2 Amateur License Class Examinations License Class Technician General Amateur Extra Test Element Number of Privileges Designation Questions 2 35 (passing grade is AIlVHF and UHF privileges, with 26 correct) ‘some HF privileges 3 35 (passing grade is All VHF, UHF and most HF privileges : 26 correct) 4 50 (passing grade is All amateur privileges 37 correct) Welcome to Amateur Radio [EEE Me = Basic Amateur Radio Activities ‘This got the attention of every otner operator felte wd boreal Men Ree in use 150 years lator! Later, as radio became a worldwide tool, operators ‘that didn't speak the same language were aided by ling CQ, you literally say CQ: hear a station calling CQ, ke then saying “this is establish contact, the next st station kee, ao x

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