Revision of Form 4 Add Maths

Chapter 1:
1. Relation

Example 1
Given that f:x |3x 6 |, find
(a) image of 3,
(b) object of 9
(c) x when x is mapped to its self
(c) Sketch the graph f(x) for 0 x 3. Hence, dertermine the range
of codomain.

c
a

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Domain ={
Codomain = {
Object =
Image =
Range = {image} = {

2. Type of relation
(a) one to one

(b) one to many

(c) many to one

(d) many to many

3. Function
a) one to one * Inverse function one to one
b) many to one
Remarks:
1. x = object; f(x) = image
2. is mapped to its self f(x) =x
2. f(x) =

x
x +2

;x+20

3. | x+ 3| = 1
x+ 3 = 1
4.

5. fg(x) gf(x)
6. f2 (x) = ff(x)
7. f-1 (x) = y
f (y) = x
8. ff-1 (x) = x

4. Composition function
f
g

gf(x)
7. Inverse Function
Example 1
Given function f (x) = x 3 and function g (x) = ax 2 b. If the
composite function gf is given by gf (x) = 2x 2 12x + 13, find
a) the values of a and b
b) gf (4)

f(x) = y
f--1(y) = x

f
x

y
f-1

Example:

x +5
1x

Given g 1 : x
(a) p

, x p. Find

(b) g (x)

Chapter 2
1. Find the roots / Solve the equation
a) factorization ( )( )=0
b) Formula

(b)

Example 2
Given the functions g : x x + 4 and fg : x 2x 3, find
(a)
f(x)
the value of x when gf(x) = 5.

b b 2 4ac
2a
x=

2. Form equation / form new equation

Example 1
a) Form the quadratic equation which has roots - 4 and

2
3

2
Given that the roots of quadratic equation 2 x h 1 x k 0

b)
are -3 and 6.

Find (i) the value of h

(ii) the value of k .

c)

and are the roots of the equations 2x 2 x 1 = 0.

Find a quadratic equation for root 2 and 2

Chapter 3 Function Quadratic

1. min / max points

Example
It is given that the quadratic function f(x) = - 2x 2 +12 x -28
(a) Write the equation of the axis of symmetry,
(b) State the maximum / minimum value
(c) sketch the graph for domain 0 < x < 5.

4.

3 Types of roots
a) 2 real and distinct/different roots. b2 - 4ac > 0
b) 2 real and equal roots/two same roots. b2- 4ac = 0
c) no real root.
b2 - 4ac < 0
Example
The quadratic equation ( 2 x 5 )2 = (p 10) x has two distinct
roots. Find the range of values of p.

Show that the straight line y = 2 x does not meet the curve 2x 2 y2
+ k = 0 if k > 8.

Chapter 4
Simultaneous Equations (substitution + factorise to solve)
- 2 equation, 2 variables
- 2x + y = x2 + y = 5
- find coordinate 2 intersection point of 2 graph

b) Solve 5 000 (

2
3

) n < 1 500 for the largest positive integer of n.

Chapter 5
INDICES AND LOGARITHM
am x an = am+n
am an = am-n
m n
mn
(a ) = a
(b) Logrithm Law
(1) loga a = 1
(3) logaxy = logax + logay
(5) loga xn = n logax
1
log
b a
(7) log b =

c) Given that log U P = 5 and log W P = 3. Find the value of log P UW.
(2) loga 1 = 0

x
(4) loga y = logax logay
log c b
log
ca
(6) log b =
a

Exp:
(a) 4x+3 -4x+2 = 3

(b) 2x-2 3x+2 = 81

Chapter 6
(a) Distance between A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2)
AB =

( x2 x1 ) 2 ( y 2 y1 ) 2

x1 x 2 y1 y 2
,

2
2
(b) Mid point AB, M
P which divides AB in the ratio m : n
m :
n

A (x 1 , y1 )

nx1 mx2 ny1 my 2

,

m
nm

P(x, y) =
a) Find the value of x if log 3 (2x 1) = 1 log 3 (x 2)

(d) Locus (using distance formula

2
2
PB = ( x x1 ) ( y y1 )
(e) Area of polygon

(f) Equation of straight line

B (x 2 , y2 )

Example
Diagram 4 shows the triangle OAB where O is the origin. Point C
lies on the straight line AB.

Example
Given the straight lines y ax 3and 4y bx 4 are perpendicular to
each other. Express a in terms of b.

A(-4,2)

B(6,-8)
(a) Calculate the area, in unit2, of triangle OAB.
(b) Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of line segment
AB.
(c) Given that the length BC is

4
5

Chapter 7 STATISTICS
Measurement of Central Tendency
Mean
x

of the distance of point B

from the perpendicular bisector of the line segment AB, find the
coordinates of point C.
(d) A point P moves such that its distance from point B is always
twice its distance from point C. Find the equation of the locus of
P.

n For ungrouped data

fx

fx
x
f

For ungrouped data with frequency.

For grouped data, xi = mid-point

Median
The data in the centre when arranged in order (ascending or
descending).
Formula
1
2

nF
C
fm

M=L+
L = Lower boundary of median class.
n = Total frequency
F = cumulative frequency before the median class
fm = frequency of median class
C = class interval size
By Ogive
C u m u la tiv e F re q u e n c y
n

_n _
2

M e d ia n

(c)

U p p er b ou n d a ry

Mode
Date with the highest frequency
By Histogram :
F re q u e n cy

M ode

C la s s b o u n d a r y

Measurement of Dispersion
(a) Interquartile Range
Formula :
1
n F1
L1 4
C
f Q1
Q1 =

L3
Q3 =
Ogive :

3
4

n F3
C
f Q3

C u m u la tiv e fr e q u e n c y

_3_
n
4

_ 1_ n
4

(b)

U p p er bo und a ry

Interquartile range = Q3 Q1
Variance, Standard Deviation
Variance = (standard deviation)2

n
=
For ungrouped data

fx
f

=
For grouped data
c) range and interquartile range
Example
Table 2 shows the number of story books read by a group of
students in a certain school.
Number of story
0
1
2
3
books read
Number of students
7
9
3
x
(a) State the largest possible value of x given that the mode is 1.
(b) State the largest possible value of x given that the median is 1.
(c) Calculate the value of x given that the mean is 1.

Chapter 8 Circular Measurement

CIRCULAR MEASURE
a) Radian Degree

180 0
r=

Degree Radian

b)
c)
d)

Length of arc
The length of the chord

e)

Area of sector

f)

Area of segment

o = 180 rad
s =r

1
1
2
2
L = r = 2 rs
1
L = 2 r2( r sin o)

Table 2 shows the marks scored by 100 students in the Additional

Mathematics March Monthly
test.
Mark
102030405060708019
29
39
49
9
69
79
89
numbe
6
8
11
17
25
14
12
7
r
Example
Diagram 10 shows a square ABCD with sides 5 cm in length. APC is a
sector with its centre at B and ABC is a semicircle.
D

P
A

Effects of uniform changes in data on

+k
-k
k
k
Mean , Median, Mode
Range, Interquartile
Standard deviation
Variance
The mean of a set of numbers, 7, 14, 15, a, 2a, 47 and 52, is 27.
(a) Find the value of a and the standard deviation of the set of
numbers.
(b) If each of the numbers in the set is divided by 2, find the
variance of the new set of numbers.

C
Q

B
Diagram 1

(a) Calculate
(i) the area of the segment APC,
[2 marks]
(ii) the perimeter of the shaded regions, [2 marks]
(iii) the area of the shaded regions,
[2 marks]

(b) Given that BQR is a sector with an angle at its centre, B and
the length of the arc AP is 6 cm, find
(i) the angle in radians,
[1 mark]
(ii) the length of the arc QR if the area of APQR is 12.6 cm2
[3 marks]

Rate of Change y

dy dy dx

dt dx dt
Small changes:

dy
. x
dx

ynew = yinitial + y
Exp:
3
2
(a) Find the equation of the normal to the curve y x 2 x at the
point (1, -1).

2
(b) It is given that the equation of a curve is y x 6 x .
Find
(i) the turning point of the curve.
[3 marks]
d2y
dy
y 2 x 8 0
dx
(ii) the value of x if dx

Chapter 9
DIFFERENTIATION
1. Differentiation by First Principle

had y
dy

dx x 0 x

(a)
(c)
(d)

d
dx (a) = 0

(b)

d
dx (xn) = nxn-1

d
dx (axn) = anxn-1
Differentiation of product

d
dv
du
dx (uv) = u dx + v dx
(e)

Differentiation of Quotient

u dv
d u v du
dx 2 dx
dx v
v

(f) Differentiation of Composite Function

d
dx (ax+b)n = an(ax+b)n-1
2. Equation tangent at P
Equation normal at P

(c)

The radius of a spherical balloon is increasing at the rate of

x cms-1. Given that the rate of change of the volume of the
balloon is 25 cm3 s -1 when its radius is 5 cm. Find the value
of x. [

dy
3. Stationary point / turning point dx = 0

Maximum point:
Minimum point:
2
d y
dy
dy
d2y
2
dx = 0 and dx < 0 dx = 0 and dx 2 > 0

4
V r3
3
]

a) Draw and label another triangle JLK such that JK = 7cm, JL =

o
9.5 cm and LJK remains fixed at 35 .
b) Calculate the obtuse angle of JKL
c) Find KLK

(d)

If y = 3x2 + 5x + 2, find the small change in y when x change

from 3 to 3.02

Chapter 10
Solution Triangle
a) To find unknown sides
a)

Use Cosine Rule to find the unknown sides or angles of a

triangle

c)
d) Ambiguous case (Ambiguous means having more than one
value)

Example
The diagram shows a triangle JKL,

Chapter 11 Index Number

Diagram 15 shows the bar chart for the monthly sales of five essential
items sold at a sundry shop. Table 15 shows their price in the year
2000 and 2006, and the corresponding price index for the year 2006
taking 2000 as the base year.

(a) Find the values of (i) x, (ii) y, (iii) z. [ 3 marks]

(b) Find the composite price index for cooking oil, rice, salt, sugar and
flour in the year 2006 based on the year 2000. [2 marks]

(c) The total monthly sale for cooking oil, rice, salt, sugar and flour
in the year 2000 is RM 2 500. Calculate the corresponding
monthly sale for the same items in the year 2006. [ 2 marks]
(d) From the year 2006 to the year 2007, the price of the cooking
oil, rice and sugar increased by 2%, while the price of both salt

and flour increased by 5 sen. Find the composite price index for all
the five items in the year 2007 taking 2006 as the base year. [3
marks]