U Am/is/are ‘Tm not married. -My favorite color is blue. Positive Negative Tam (I'm) 1 amnot (I'm: he (he's) he he's she is (she’s) she is aie it (ies) ot (its not or we (we're) we (we're not or you are (you're) you arenot (you're not or they (they're) they {they're not or = I'mcold. Can you close the window, please? = I'm 32 years old. My sister is 29. m= My brother is very tall. He’s a policeman. John is afraid of dogs. m Irsten o'clock. You're late again. = Mei Lan and [are good friends. Your keys are on the table. = U'mtired, but I’m not hungry. = Tom isn't interested in politics. He’s interested in music. = Jessica isn’t at home right now. She's at work. = Those people aren't Canadian. They're Australian. = It’s sunny today, but it isn’t warm. that’s = that is there's = there is here's = here is = itty CERN FORD = Thank you. That’ very kind of you. a Look! There's Chris. m= “Here's your key.” “Thank you.” Amlisiare (Questions) Unit 2 There isiare Unit 38,Exercises WW 12 13 14 15 16 Write the short form (she’s / we aren't, etc.). 1. she is she: 3. it is not 5. Tamnot 2. they are 4. that is 6. you are not Write am, is, or are. 1, The weather /s_nice today. 5. Look! There Carol. 2. Lam_not tired. 6. My brother and I good tennis players. 3. This bag heavy. 7. Amy at home. Her children at school. 4. These bags heavy. 8.1 ‘a taxi driver. My sister a nurse. Write complete sentences. Use is/isn’t/are/aren’t. 1. (your shoes very dirty) Your shoes are very dirty. 2, (my brother a teacher) My —_ 3. (this house not very big) 4, (the stores not open today) _ _ 5. (my keys in my bag) 6. (Jenny 18 years old) _ z Look at Lisa’s sentences (Section A). Write sentences about yourself. 1. (name?) My _ — 6. (favorite color or colors?) 2. (from?) I - _ My 3. (age?) I 7. (interested in?) 4, (job?) I . ot : 5. (married?) 1 ; Write sentences for the pictures. Use these words: afraid angry cold hot hungry thirsty a 1. Hes thirsty 2. They Write true sentences, positive or negative. Use am / am not / is / isn’t / are / aren't. (1/ interested in politics) /m interested in politics or /m not interested in politics. (I/ hungry) 1 - (ie / warm today) It : (I/ afraid of dogs) (my hands / cold) (Canada / a very big country) — (L/ interested in soccer) (Tokyo / in China) zU I) Am/is/are (Questions) iN) 2 os Positive Question ‘What's your name? ie PE David. fe me cher ‘Are you married? she is is she? ‘No, I'm single. = it ie How old are you? - we we? 25. aR you are are you? pavp Be das ‘Are you a student? ‘Yes, Lam. = “Am{Ilate?” “No, you're on time.” = “Is your mother at home?” “No, she’s out.” = “Are your parents at home?” “No, they’re out.” “Isit cold in your room?” “Yes, a litle.” = Your shoes are nice. Are they new? We say: Is she at home? / Is your mother at home? (not Is at home your mother?) m= Are they new? / Are your shoes new? (riot Are new your shoes?) ‘Where... ?/What...?/Who...?/How...?/Why...? m= Where is your mother? Is she at home? “Why are you angry?” = “Where are you from?” “Canada.” “Because you're late.” m= “What color is your car?” “It’s red.” = “How much are these postcards?” = “How oldis Joe?” “He's 24.” “Fifty cents.” = “How are your parents?” “They're fine.” where's = where is what's = what is_ who's = who is how's = how is = Where's Sarah? = Who's that man? m= What's the temperature? = How's your father? Short answers ‘That's my seat. 1 am, rm No, itisn’. he he’s she is. she’s Vex at No, its not. or No, we we're : you are. you're. = “Are you tired?” “Yes, Iam.” m= “Is your friend Japanese?” “Yes, he is.” = “Are you hungry?” m= “Are these your keys?” “Yes, they are.” “No, 'm not, but I'm thirsty.” m= “That's my seat.” “No, it isn’t.” Amlisiare Unit 1 Questions Unit 45Exercises 2.1. Find the right answers for the questions. 1. Where's the camera? a) Toronto. 1 2. Isyour car blue? b) No, P'm not. 2. 3. Is Nicole from Boston? _c)_ Yes, you are. 3. 4. Am I late? d) My sister. 4 5. Where’s Anne from? ©) Black. iS: 6. What color is your bag?) No, it’s black. 6 7. Are you hungry? g) In your bag. 7. 8. Who's that woman? h) No, she’s Canadian, 8. 2.2. Write questions. Use is or are. (at home / your mother?) _/s your mother at home? (interesting / your job?) (the stores / open today?) (interested in sports / you?) (near here / the post office?) (at school / your children?) ce (why f you /late?) Nav eeR 2.3. Write questions. Use What/Who/Where/How . .. ?. Read the answers first. —_____your parents?) They're fine. the bus stop? | At the end of the block. _ your children? | Five, six, and ten. these oranges? | Seventy-nine cents a pound. Ss your favorite sport? | Skiing. the man in this photograph? | That's my father. your new shoes? | Black. 2.4 Write questions. Read the answers first. (name?) What's your name? Paul. (married or single?) T'm married. (Australian?) No, I'm Canadian, {how old?) 1m 30. (a lawyer?) No, I'ma teacher. (wife a teacher?) No, she’s a lawyer. (from?) She’s Mexican. (her name?) Ana. (how old?) She's 27. yen awe eee 2.5 Write true short answers (Yes, / am. / No, he isn't., etc.) 1. Are you married? Me. /mnof_______4. Are your hands cold? 2. Are you thirsty? a3 5. Isit dark now? 3. Isit cold today? 6. Are you a teacher? ‘Additional Exercises 1-2 (pages 243-244)UR | am doing (Present Continuous) 1 She's eating. It’s raining. They're running. She isn’t reading. ‘The sun isn’t shining. They aren’t walking. ‘The present continuous is am/is/are + doing/eating/running/writing, etc. I'm working. I'm not watching TV. Chris is taking a bath. She isn’t eating. (or She's not eating.) ‘The phone is ringing. ‘We're having dinner. ‘You're not listening to me. (or You aren't listening to me.) The children are doing their homework. am (not) Ha wer am/is/are + -ing = something is happening now ie : hat ‘wearing a hat ing foot : ase { past mow future m Please be quiet. I’m working. (= I'm working now) = Look at Michiko! She’s wearing her new hat. (= she is wearing it now) m= The weather is nice. It’s not raining. “Where are the children?” “They're playing in the park.” (on the phone) We're having dinner now. Can you call back later? = You can turn off the television. I’m not watching it. Spelling (see Appendix 5) ‘Amlisiare Unit 1 Are you doing ... ? (Questions) Unit 4 1am doing and I do Uni What are you doing tomorrow? Unit 26Exercises 3.1 What are these people doing? Use these verbs to complete the sentences: eat have lie play sit wait 4 1. She's eating 2 an apple. 4. 2 ___ on the floor. 2. He _______forabus. 5. __ breakfast. 3. They soccer, 6. ___on the table. 3.2. Complete the sentences. Use one of these verbs: build cook leave stand stay swim take work 1. Please be quiet. In work ‘g aon 2. “Where’s John?” “He’s in the kitchen. He ‘ 3. “You ____on my foot.” “Oh, I’m sorry.” 4. Look! Somebody in the river. 5. We're here on vacation. We __ at the Far West Motel. 6. “Where's Erin?” “She _ al a shower.” 7. They ______a new hotel downtown. 81 now. Goodbye. 3.3. Look at the picture. Write sentences about Emily. Use She's -ing or She isn’t -ing. 4, (have dinner) She isn’ having dinner. 2. (watch television) She’ watching television. (sit on the floor) She (read a book) (play the piano) (laugh) (wear a hat) (write a letter) — PND RY 3.4 What's happening now? Write true sentences. (L/ wash / my hair) Jim not washing my hair pe (it/ snow) /#’s snowing OR /t isn? snowing Zs ee (I/sit fon a chair) (I/eat) Es (it /rain) a (I/ study / English) (L/ listen / to music) — (the sun / shine) (I/ wear J shoes) - (I/ read / a newspaper) Seen aw eeneUNS Are you doing... ? 4 (Present Continuous Questions) Positive Question ‘What are you doing? you mnoat: “Are you feeling OK2” “Yes, I’m fine, thanks.” “Is it raining?” “Yes, take an umbrella.” Why are you wearing a coat? I's not cold. “What's Luis doing?” “He's reading the newspaper.” “What are the children doing?” “They're watching television.” Look, there’s Hannah! Where’s she going? ‘Who are you waiting for? Are you waiting for Sue? Study the word order. isfare +subject —_+-ing Is he ‘working today? Is Luis ‘working today? (not Is working Luis today?) Where are they ing? going? ‘Where are those people going? (not Where are going those people?) Short answers 1 am. I'm he he’s he she is. she’s she isn't, Net No, ite 2) nob or (No, ge we we're : we you are, you're you aren't. they they're they “Are you going now?” “Yes, I am.” “Is Luis working today?” “Yes, he is.” m= “Isit raining?” “No, it isn't.” m= “Are your friends staying at a hotel?” “No, they aren't. They're staying with me.” 1am doing Unit 3 What are you doing tomorrow? Unit 26 Questions Units 45-48Exercises 4.1 Look at the pictures and write the questions. 2 (you / leave / now?) x B es, £0 my parents. = 42 Look at the pictures and complete the questions. Use these words: cry eat go laugh lookat_— read 2 (Where she 4.3 Write questions with these words. Use is or are and put the words in order, 1. (working / Luis / today?) és Luis working today? — 2. (what / doing / the children?) What are the children doing? 3. (you / listening / to me?) 4. (where / going / your friends?) 5. (your parents / television / watching?) 6. (what / cooking / Jessica?) 7. (why / you / looking / at me?) 8. (coming / the bus?) SS 4.4 Write true short answers (Yes, lam. / No, he isn’t., etc). 1, Are you watching TV? Mo_/m not 4. Is it raining? zt 2. Are you wearing a watch? 5. Are you sitting on the floor? 3. Are you eating something? 6. Are you feeling all right? Additional Exercise 3 (page 244)Ua | do, | work, | like, etc. (Simple Present) o They're looking at their books. He's drinking coffee. They read a lot. He likes coffee. they read / he likes /I work, etc. = the simple present Vwelyouthey read like work live watch do have Remember: hhe works / she lives /it rains, ete. = Twork in an office. My brother works in a bank. (not My brother work) = Anne lives in Canada. Her parents live in the U.S. = trains a lot in the winter. hefshedit has = John has lunch at home every day. (not John haves) Spelling (see Appendix 5) ves after -s/-shi-ch pass —> passes finish — finishes watch > watches -y>-ies study studies try tries : : and also do does go goes 4 We use the simple present for things that are true in general, or for things that happen sometimes or all the time. = [like big cities. The stores open at 9 o’clock and close at 5:30. Mario works very hard, He starts at 7:30 and finishes at 8 o’clock at night. The earth goes around the sun. ‘We do a lot of different things in our free time. Ie costs a lot of money to stay at luxury hotels. always/never/often/sometimes/usually + simple present 1m Sue always gets to work early. (not Sue gets always) = We often sleep late on weekends. (not We sleep often) = Tusually drive to work, but I sometimes walk. = Julia never eats breakfast. Idon't... Unit6 Do you... ? (Questions) Unit 7 1am doing and Ido Unit 8 ‘Alwayslusuallyloften, etc. Unit 95Exercises UNI 5.1 Write these verbs + -s or -es. 3 1, (read) she reads 3. (fly) it __ S. (have) she 2. (think) he 4. (dance) he - 6. (finish) it - 5.2 Complete the sentences about the people in the pictures. Use these verbs: 53 eat go live play play sleep ig 5 Welove |S Eight hours 5 My piano. < 1. Heplays a the piano. 4, _ ___ tennis. 2. They in a very big house. 5. to the movies a lot. 3. alot of fruit. 6. eight hours a night. Complete the sentences. Use these verbs: boil close cost cost like like meet open speak teach wash 1. Megan specks ___ four languages. 2. Banks usually __at 9:00 in the morning. 3. The Art Museum _at 5 o'clock in the afternoon, 4. Isabel is a teacher. She ‘mathematics to young children. 5. My job is very interesting. I ___a lot of people. 6. Peter - his hair every day. 7. Food is expensive. It_ a lot of money. 8. Shoes are expensive. They ____ allot of money. 9. Water at 100 degrees Celsius. 10. Julia and Tare good friends. 1 her and she me, Write sentences from these words. Put the verb in the right form (arrive or arrives, etc.). - (always / early / Sue / arrive) Sue always arrives early. - - (Julia / parties / enjoy / always) Julia . (work / Megan / hard / usually) . Jenny / always / nice clothes / wear) . (dinner / we / have / always /at 6:30) . (television / Mario / watch / never) . (like / chocolate / children / usually) (basketball /1/ play / often / after work) SN Rese Write sentences about yourself. Use always/never/often/sometimes/usually. (watch television) /usually watch television at night. (read in bed) 1 z i (get up before 7 o'clock) (go to worki/school by bus) (drink coffee) WPage | don't. 1) - (Simple Present Negative) The simple present negative is don't/doesn't + verb. She doesn’t drink coffee. Positive Negative 1 work like | = I drink coffee, but I don't drink tea. = Sue drinks tea, but she doesn’t drink coffee. = You don’t work very hard. = We don’t watch television very often, = The weather is usually nice. It doesn’t rain very often. = Jerry and Nicole don't know many people. = I don’t like football, | He doesn't like football. = [don’t like Fred, and Fred doesn’t like me. (not Fred don't like) = My car doesn’t use much gas. (not My car don’t use) = Sometimes he’s late, but it doesn’t happen very often. We use don'tdoesn’t + base form (don’t like / doesn’t speak / doesn’t do, etc.). = Idon' like washing the car. I don't do it very often. Sandra speaks Spanish, but she doesn’t speak Italian. (not doesn’t speaks) Bill doesn’t do his job very well. (nf Bill doesn’ his job) Paula doesn’t usually have breakfast. (not doesn’t... . has) Ido/workilike, ete. Unit 5 Do you... ? (Questions) Unit 7Exercises 6.1 Write negative sentences. 1. [play the piano very well. /.don'+t play the piano very well 2. Yuki plays the piano very well. Yuki 3. They know my phone number. : 4. We work very hard. = — S. He has a car. - 6. You do the same thing ry day. Setar 6.2 Study the information and write sentences with like. 1. Bill and Rose like jazz. Ry ar Do you i like... 2. aise and Rose BILL & ea eee ROSE CAROL _ YOU A. jazz? yes. no 2 3. 2. boxing? ‘no. yes ? 3. horror movies? | _ yes no. ? 6.3 Write about yourself. Use / never... or/...a lot or/ don't... . very often. (watch TV) /never watch _ / watch TV lot_on I don’ (go to the theater) (ride a bicycle) (eat in restaurants) (travel by train) very often. Complete the sentences. All of them are negative. Use don‘t/doesn’t + one of these verbs: cost go know read see use wear 1, [buy a newspaper every day, but sometimes I_donit read it, 2. Fu Chen has a car, but he it very often. 3. They like films, but they to the movies very often. 4, Amanda is married, but she _aring. 5.1 much about science. I'm not interested in it. 6. It’s not an expensive hotel. It much to stay there. 7. Brian lives near us, but we him very often. Put the verb in the correct form, posi /e or negative. Megan speak four languages ~ English, Japanese, Arabic, and Spanish. (speak) I don't like _____ my job. Ie’s very boring, (like) “Where’s Mark?” “I'm sorry. I .” (know) Sue is a very quiet person. She —____very much. (talk) Jim ___a lot of coffee. I's his favorite drink. (drink) Ie’s not true! I i __ it! (believe) That's a very beautiful picture. I Mark is a vegetarian. He it very much. (like) meat. (eat) SNA RY 13UU Do you... ? (Simple Present Questions) We use do/does in simple present questions. Positive Question Coun ae : Led yu de you work? they : they like? ! he works he do? L she likes does she it does ic Study the word order. doldoes + subject + base form Do you work on Saturdays? Do yourfriends_ live near here? Does Chris play tennis? Where do your parents live? How often do you wash your hair? What does this word mean? How much does it cost to fly to Puerto Rico? Questions with always/usually/ever Do you always have breakfast? Does Chris ever call you? What do you usually do on weekends? ‘What do you do? = What's your job? = “What do you do?” “I work in a bank.” Remember: 46 Wwelyoulthey = Do they like music? does he/shelit. m= Does he like music? Short answers Yes, Vwelyoulthey do. 4, Thvelyou/they don’t. SS helshelit does. 2 he/shelit doesn't. “Do you play cards?” “No, I don’t.” “Do your parents speak English?” “Yes, they do.” “Does Chol Soo work hard?” “Yes, he does.” “Does your sister live in Vancouver.” “No, she doesn't.” Idolworkilike, ete. Unit 5 Idon’t... Unit6 Ihave/I've got Unit 9 Questions Units 45-48Exercises 2 7 72 73 74 Write questions with Do... ? and Does... ? Ilike chocolate. How about you? Do you like chocolate? _ I play tennis. How about you? you Paulo plays tennis. How about Lucia? ___ Lucia You live near here. How about your friends? You speak English. How about your brother? I do yoga every morning. How about you? Sue often travels on business. How about Paul? _ I want to be famous. How about you? You work hard. How about Nicole? yen aweeee Write questions. Use the words in parentheses ( ) + do/does. Put the words in the right order. (where / live / your parents?) _Where de your parents live? (you /early / always / get up?) Do you always get up early? (how often / TV / you / watch?) (you / want / what / for dinner?) (like / you / football?) (your brother / like / football?) (what / you / do / in your free time?) (your sister / work / where?) _ (to the movies / ever / you / go? 10. (what / mean / this word?) 11. (ever / snow / it / here?) 12. (go / usually / to bed / what time / you?) 13. (how much / to call Mexico / it / cost?) 14, (you / for breakfast / have / usually / what?) SEN AR we Complete the questions. Use these verbs: do do enjoy get like start teach work nf ?| Twork ina bookstore. 2/ it? | It’s OK. 3. | What time _ in the morning? | At 9 o’clock. 4 on Saturdays? | Sometimes. 5.| How to work? | Usually by bus. 6. | And your husband? What ? He’s a teacher. 7 Where ? At Lincoln High School. 8. ———hiis job? | Yes, he loves it. Write true short answers (Yes, he does. / No, | don’t., etc.). Do you live in a big city? Does it rain a lot where you live? Do your friends watch TV a lot? Do you ever ride a bicycle? Do you play the piano? z Additional Exercises 4-7 (pages 244-245) _ 15,1am doing and | do (Present Continuous and Simple Present) Jim is watching television, He is nor playing the guitar. But Jim has a guitar. He plays it often, and he plays very well Jim plays the guitar, but he’s not playing the guitar now. Ishe playing the guitar? No, he isn't. __ (present continuous) Does he play the guitar? Yes, he does. (simple present) Present continuous (Lam doing) = now, at the time of speaking ‘Bmideieg: it past now future Please be quiet. I'm working. (not I work) Tom is taking a shower right now. (not Tom takes) Take an umbrella with you. Irs raining, You can turn off the television. I’m not watching it. Why are you under the table? What are you doing? Simple present (I do) in general, all the time or sometimes —— ———_>- past now future = I work every day, from 9 o’clock to 5:30. ‘Tom takes a shower every morning. © Itrains a lot in the winter. = [don’t watch television very often. = What do you usually do on weekends? Bi 1do! ; ‘We do not use these verbs in the present continuous (Iam -ing): like fove want know understand remember depend prefer hate need mean believe forget, Use only the simple present (I want / do you like?, etc.) with these verbs. = I'm tired. I want to go home. (not I’'m wanting) = “Do you know that girl?” “Yes, but I don’t remember her name.” = Idon’t understand, What do you mean? Present Continuous Units 3-4. Simple Present Units 5-7 Present for the Future Unit 25,Exercises 8.1 Answer the questions about the pictures. 1, Does he take photographs? Yés. he does, Is he taking a photograph? /Vo.he isn. ‘What's he doing? He's cooking. 2. Is she driving a bus? ‘What's she doing? _ 3. Does he wash windows? ‘What's he doing? 4. Are they teaching? ‘What do they do? —— Does she drive a bus? Do they teach? 8.2 Write am/is/are or do/don't/does/doesn’t. « Excuse me, do you speak English? . “Where’s Marta?” “I know.” . What's so funny? Why you laughing? “What __ your sister do?” “She's a dentist.” Tt raining. I ‘want to go out in the rain. . “Where _____you come from?” “Canada.” ”. How much _ it cost to send a letter to Canada? . Steve is a good tennis player, but he play very often. NDA eEPE 8.3 Put the verb in the present continuous (/ am doing) or the simple present (/ do). 1, Excuse me, do you speak ___ English? (you / speak) 2. “Where’s Tom?” “ He's raking —_a shower.” (he / take) 3. /don't watch television very often. (I/ not / watch) 4, Listen! Somebody __. (sing) 5. Sandra is tired. to go home now. (she / want) 6. How often - a newspaper? (you / read) 7. “Excuse me, but in my place.” “Oh, I'm sorry.” (you / sit) 8. Pm sorry, —_ ___. Can you speak more slowly? (L/ not / understand) 9, It’s late. - home now. (I/ go) with me? (you / come) 10. What time - work every day? (your father / finish) 11. You can turn off the radi to it. (I/ not / listen) 12. “Where's Paul?” “In the kitchen. something,” (he / cook) 13, Tony to work. (not / usually / drive) He = (usually / walk) 14. Achara coffee. (not / like) ___ tea. (she / prefer) ‘Additional Exercises 8-9 (page 246) Is he washing a window: 17 zWms Ihave...and I’ve got... m= Thave blue eyes. or I've got blue eyes. = The house has six bedrooms. or The house has got six bedrooms. = Li Jing isn't feeling well. She has a headache. or She's got a headache. = They have a horse, three dogs, and six cats. or They've got a horse Idon't have /T haven't got, etc. (negative) You can say: Uwelyoulthey dont 4... Wivelyoulthey haven't helshefit doesn’t "*¥° hefshe/it hasn't = Thave a bike, but I don’t have a car. or I’ve got a bike, but I haven't got a car. = Mr, and Mrs. Harris don’t have any children. or . .. haven't got any children. = Ir’sanice house, but it doesn’t have a garage. or . it hasn't got a garage. = Mariko doesn’t have a job. or Mariko hasn't got a job. Do you have . .. ?/ Have you got... 2, etc. (questions) You can say: do I/welyoulthey have W/welyou/they does hesheric AYE? OY has hefshelit 8 = Do you have a camera? or Have you got a camera? m= Does Anne have a car? or Has Anne got a car? = What kind of car does she have? or What kind of car has she got? = What do you have in your bag? or What have you got in your bag? Short answers = “Do you have a camera?” “Yes, I do.” / “No, I don’t.” or “Have you got a camera?” “Yes, I have.”/ “No, I haven't.” = “Does Anne have a car?” “Yes, she does.” / “No, she doesn't.” or “Has Anne got a car?” “Yes, she has.” / “No, she hasn't.” Had | didn’t have Units 11-12 Have Unit $9 Somelany Unit 77Exercises UN o4 9.2 93 94 Rewrite these sentences with got (have got / hasn't got / have .. . got, They have a car. Theyve got a ill has a headache. I don’t have any free time. Do you have a watch? We have a lot of work at the officenow. My brother doesn’t have a college degree. gs Now rewrite these sentences without got. Use have / doesn’t. have / ‘do. . have?, etc. 7. Yoshi hasn't got time to go with us. Yoshi doesn't have time to go with us. 8. You've got a phone call from Japan. 9, Have you got any aspirin? 10. Sara hasn’t got much money. 11. Have your parents got any friends in Hawaii? etc). aveepr Write about Tina and you. Use has got / hasn‘t got / have got / haven't got. My brothers and sisters. 1. (a camera) Tina has got 2 camera, Ive got a. camera. OR / haven't got 2. (a bicycle) Tina I 3. (long hair) 4, (brothers / sisters) Complete the sentences. Use have/has or don’t have / doesn’t have + one of these: ‘abigyard a key a toothache much time arheadache alot of friends _four wheels 1, Pm not feeling very well. | Aave a headache 2. It’sa nice house, but it doesn't have a big yard 3. Most cars 4. Everybody likes Tom. He - 5 6 7. I’m going to the dentist this morning. 1 He can’t open the door. He Hurry! We Complete the sentences with do, doesn’t, don’t, got, has, or have. Sarah hasn’t gor a car. She goes everywhere by bicycle. They like animals. They have three dogs and two cats. Ryan isn’t happy. He got a lot of problems. you have change for a dollar? They don’t read much. They have many books. “What's wrong?” “T've something in my eye.” “Where's my pen?” “I don’t know. I don’t i” Julia wants to go to the concert, but she have a ticket. ‘you got a minute to help me? ‘Additional Exercises 4-7 (pages 244-245) _19Now Arturo is at work. At midnight last night he wasn’t at work. He was in bed. He was asleep. anvis (present) -> was (past) = [am tired. (now) = Lwas tired last night. = Where is Beth? (now) = Where was Beth yesterday? m= The weather is nice today. m= The weather was nice last week. are (present) —> were (past) = You are late. (now) m= You were late yesterday. m= They aren't here. (now) = They weren't here last Sunday. Positive Negative Question 1 I R here he wasnot a. he? she: she (wasn't) she? Ss it ie we we we? you were you oo were you? they they they? m= Last year Amy was 22, so she’s 23 now. m= When I was a child, I was afraid of dogs. jm We were hungry after the trip, but we weren't tired. = The hotel was comfortable, but it wasn’t expensive. = Was the weather nice when you were on vacation? 1m Those shoes are nice. Were they expensive? = Why were you late this morning? Short answers Whelshefit wasn’t. = “Were you late?” “No, I wasn't.” = “Was Scott at work yesterday?” “Yes, he was.” m= “Were Amy and Matt at the party?” “No, they weren't.” Amlisiare Units 1-2 Iwas doing Unit 13,Exercises UNI 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Where were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon? Where were you? 7 0 Bill was 2. Elena and Pablo 3. Kate Write am /is/are (present) or was/ were (past). 1. Last year she was 22, so she _/s 23 now. 2. Today the weather____nice, but yesterday it _ _ very cold. an hungry. Can I have something to eat? 4, [feel fine this morning, butI____very tired last night. 5. Where ‘you at 11 o'clock last Friday morning? 6. Don’t buy those shoes. They very expensive. 7. Llike your new jacket. it expensive? 8. “Where the children?” “I don’t know. They ___ here ten minutes ago.” Write was/ wasn’t or were/ weren't. 1, We weren't happy with the hotel. Our room_was_ very small, and it wasn’ very clean. 2. Bill at work last week because he sick. He’s better now. 3. Yesterday a holiday, so the banks closed. They're open today: 4.“ Kate and John at the party?” “Kate ____ there, but John _ 5. “Where are my keys?” “I don’t know. They on the table, but they're not there now.” 6. You at home last night. Where you? Write questions. Use the words in parentheses ( ) in the correct order + was/ were. (late / you / this morning / why?) Why were you late this morning? (hard / your exam?) ‘The traffic was bad. No, it was easy. ‘They were on vacation. (angry / you / yesterday / why?) Because you were late. (nice / the weather / last week?) ‘Yes, it was beautiful. 21u) Worked, got, went, etc. (Simple Past) 11 A They [WatGh television every night. (simple present) They (WACHEA) television last night. (simple past) Watched is the simple past: ‘Wwelyoulthey helshefit Watched The simple past is often -ed (regular verbs). For example: work + worked dance -> danced clean — cleaned stay — stayed start started need — needed = [brush my teeth every morning. This morning I brushed my teeth. Terry worked in a bank from 1987 to 1998. = Yesterday it rained all morning, It stopped at lunchtime. = We enjoyed the party last night. We danced a lot and talked to a lot of people. The party ended at midnight. Spelling (see Appendix 5) try-+tried study -> studied copy — copied stop > stopped plan — planned Some verbs are irregular (= not regular). Their simple past is not -ed. Here are some important irregular verbs (see also Appendixes 2-3). begin began fall fell leave left. sell > sold break broke find found lose lost. sit sat. bring brought fly flew make made sleep slept build built forget forgot meet met speak spoke buy bought get got pay_— paid stand _stood catch caught give gave put put take —_t00k came go went read read* tell told do did —ihave_~—shad_— ring rang think thought drink drank hear heard say said win won eat ate. —sknow knew see saw write wrote We did a lot of work yesterday. ™ pronounced “red” = [usually get up early, but this morning I got up at 9:30. = Caroline went to the movies three times last week. Ampol came into the room, took off his coat, and sat down. Wasiwere Unit 10 Ididn’t. ...and Did you... ? (Negatives and Questions) Unit 12 Ago Unit 18,Exercises UNI 11.1 Complete the sentences. Use one of these verbs in the simple past: 7 7 brush die enjoy ~~ end_—shappen—rain— start. —stay.~— want. 1. I brushed my teeth three times yesterday. 2. The concert at 7:30 and at 10 o'clock. 3. When I was a child, 1 to be a doctor. 4, The accident __ last Sunday afternoon. 5, It’s a nice day today, but yesterday it all day. 6. We ‘our vacation last year. We ____ata very nice hotel. 7. Amy’s grandfather when he was 90 years old. 11.2 Write the simple past of these verbs: 1. get got 4. pay 7. go 10. know 5. visit 8. think 11. put 6. buy 9. copy 12. speak 11.3. Read about Anna’s trip to Mexico City. Put the verbs in the correct form. Last Tuesday Anna (1) flew from Los Angeles to Mexico (fly) City. She (2) up at 6 o’clock in the morning and (get) 3 a cup of coffee. At 7:15 she (4) (have) (leave) home and (5) to the airport. When she (drive) 6 she 7) the car and then (arrive) (park) (a= to the ticket counter, where she (9) (go) (check) in for her flight. Then she (10) breakfast at an airport (have) cafe and (11) for her flight. The plane (wait) (12) _____ on time and (13) ____ in Mexico City (depart) (arrive) four hours later. Finally, she (16) _ ataxitoher hotel. (take) 11.4 Write sentences about the past. 1. Jim always goes to work by car. Yesterday he went to work by car ith; 2. Mei Lan often loses her keys. She _____ last week. 3. Kate meets her friends every night. She a last night. 4. Lusually buy two newspapers every day. Yesterday I 5. 6. 7. . We usually go to the movies on Sundays. Last Sunday we . Leat an apple every day. Yesterday I a . Taro always takes a shower in the morning. This morning he 11.5 Write sentences about what you did yesterday. 1. Lplayed volleyball yesterday. 3. 2 _ 4.Ididn't... Did you...? (Simple Past Negative and Questions) We use did in simple past negatives and questions, Base form Positive Negative Question play 1 played I play 1 play? start we started we start we start? watch you watched you gig watch you watch? have they had they (aida) have did they have? see he saw he see he see? do she did she do she do? go ‘it went it go it go? do/does (present) > did (past) = I don't watch television very often. = I didn’t watch television yesterday. = Does she go out often? © Did she go out last night? ‘We use did/didn’t + base form (watchiplay/go, etc.) Positive > Negative watched — I didn’t watch (not I didn’t watched) he had — he didn’t have they went — did they go? (not did they went?) you did + did you do? = [played tennis yesterday, but I didn’t win. = “Did you do your homework?” “No, I didn't have time.” m= We went to the movies, but we didn't enjoy the film. Study the word order in questions: did +subject + base form Did yoursister call you? What did you do last night? How did the accident happen? Where did your parents go for vacation? Short answers Twelyou/th« " Twelyou/the ‘ Yes, aout did. No, — didn't. “Did you see Joe yesterday?” “No, I didn't.” “Did it rain on Sunday?” “Yes, it did.” “Did Helen come to the party?” “No, she didn't.” “Did your parents have a good trip?” “Yes, they did.” Worked!gotiwent, etc. (Simple Past) Unit 11Exercises UNI 12.1 22 123 Ra Rs Complete these sentences. Use didn’t JS 1. Isaw Barbara, but I_didhnt see Mariana. 2. They worked on Monday, but they — ___ on Tuesday. 3. We went to the post office, but we to the bank. 4, She had a pen, but she any paper. 5. Brian did some work in the yard, but he any work in the house. Write questions with Did... ? I watched TV last night. How about you? Did you watch TV last night? 1 enjoyed the party. How about you? __ Thad a nice vacation. How about you? I finished work early. How about you? I slept well last night. How about you? yeep What did you do yesterday? Write true sentences, positive or negative. 1, (watch TV) /watched [Von [didnt watch TV 2. (get up before 7 o'clock) I 3. (take a shower) __ — 4. (buy a magazine) 5. (eat meat) __ sonamens 6. (go to bed before 10:30) Write B’s questions. Use: cost gettowork go gotobedlate happen haveanice time stay win 1, A: We went to Vancouver last month, 5. B: Where did you stay > A: With some friends. We came home by taxi. 3: How much ? Ten dollars. Pm tired this morning. B: What time A: Half past nine. A: No, but I didn’t sleep very well. 3. A: I played tennis this afternoon. A We went to the beach yesterday. A: No, ost. Az Yes, it was great. 4. A: Thad a nice vacation. 8. A: The window is broken. B: Good. Where > B: How ? A: To the mountains. A: Tdon’t know. Put the verb in the correct form — positive, negative, or question. 1, We went to the movies, but the film wasn’t very good. We didn't en/oy _ it. (enjoy) 2. Tim some new clothes yesterday ~ two shirts, a jacket, and a sweater. (buy) ate yesterday?” “No, it was a nice day.” (rain) 4, We were tired, so we long at the party. (stay) 5. Itwas very warm in the room, soI___a window. (open) 6. “Did you go to the bank this morning?” “No,I________ time.” (have) 7. “Leut my hand this morning.” “How that?” (do) ‘Additional Exercises 10-13 (page 247) _ 25,I was doing (Past Continuous) It's 6 o'clock now. Kelly is at home. She is watching television. At 4 o'clock she wasn't at home. She was at the tennis club. She was playing tennis. She wasn’t watching television. she began she stopped playing playing she was playing. ee one 3:00 4330 ‘Was/were + -ing is the past continuous. Positive Negative Question What were you doing at 11:30 yesterday? Were you working? “What did he say?” “I don’t know. I wasn’t listening.” Ie was raining, so we didn’t go out. = In 1994 we were living in Japan. = Today she’s wearing a skirt, but yesterday she was wearing pants. = Twoke up early yesterday. It was a beautiful morning. The sun was shining, and the birds were singing. Spelling (see Appendix 5) live — livi n—running lie lying ‘amvis/are + -ing (present) —> wasiwere + -ing (past) = I'm working (now). = Twas working at 10:30 last night. Ieisn’t raining (now). It wasn’t raining when we went out. = What are you doing (now)? = What were you doing at three o'clock? Wasiwere Unit 10 Iwas doing and / did (Past Continuous and Simple Past) Unit 14Exercises UNI B41 B2 133 Ba Look at the pictures. Where were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon? 13 ‘What were they doing? Write two sentences for each picture. DHE IMR. and MRS. CODY: inthe park wal) 1. Ling was at ho Zi 2. Carol and Brian a 3. Tom e 4. 5 6 . And you? I Sarah did a lot of things yesterday morning. Look at the pictures, and complete the sentences. (0-725 z 00 | 1200-13-45 1. At8:45 she was washing hercar__. 4. At 12:10 2. At 10:45 she 5, 3. At8 o'clock 2 6 Ar9:30 : Complete the questions. Use was/were -ing. Use what/where/why if necessary. Where were you living 1, {you / live) in 19902) In Brazil. 2. (you / do) ~ at 2 o’clock?| Iwas asleep. 3. {it / rain) when you got up?| No, it was sunny. 4. (Ann / drive) __so fast?| Because she was late. S. (Lee / wear) a suit yesterday?) No, jeans. Look at the picture. You saw Joe yesterday afternoon. What was he doing? Write positive or negative sentences. 1, (wear /a jacket) He wasn't wearing a jacket 2. (carry /a bag) 3. (go /'to the dentist) 4. (eat/ an ice cream cone) 5. (carry / an umbrella) 6. (go home) _ 7. (wear /a hat) 8. (ride /a bicycle)1 was doing and | did (Past Continuous and Simple Past) Eric was reading The phone rang. —_-He stopped reading. He answered the a book. phone. What happened? The phone rang. (simple past) What was Eric doing when the phone rang? ‘He was reading a book. J ast continuous) War did edo when hephone ang? || He stopped reading and answered the phone, J “iPle Past) Eric began reading before the phone rang, So when the phone rang, he was reading. he began the phone he stopped he answered reading, rang reading _the phone Simple past Past continuous A What did you do yesterday morning? | mA: What were you doing at 10:30? B: We played tennis. (from 10 to 11:30) | __B: We were playing tennis. beginning end | beginning 10:00 11:30 10:00 = Eric read a book yesterday. (= from | Eric was reading a book when the beginning to end) phone rang. = Did you watch the movie on television | ® Were you watching television when I last night? called you? = Ir didn’t rain while we were on vacation. | ® It wasn't raining when I got up. = Istarted work at 9 o'clock and finished at 4:30. At 2:30 1 was working. w= It was raining when we went out. (= it started raining before we went out) = [saw Lucy and Steve this morning. They were waiting at the bus stop. = Mi Ja fell asleep while she was reading. | did (Simple Past) Units 11-12 Iwas doing (Past Continuous) Unit 13 While Unit 100 When Unit 11Exercises UNI 141 14.2 Look at the pictures. Put the verbs in the past continuous or simple past. 14 1 “a, Linda broke __ (break) her arm last week. It t (happen) when she _ | (paint) her room. She (fall) off the ladder. 2. The train ___ (arrive) at the station, and Paula (get) off. Two friends of hers, John and Jenny, ___(wait) to meet her. 3. Yesterday Sue He (walk) down the street when she (meet) Jim. He —__ (go) home, and he (carry) a bag. They —_ (stop) to talk for a few minutes. Put the verb in the past continuous or simple past. 1. ng (you! do} when the phone rang (ring)? was watching _____ (watch) television. 2. A: Was Tracy busy when you went to see her? es, she a _ (study). 3. A: What time (the mail / come) this morning? a (come) while I ____ (have) breakfast. ‘Was Megan at work today? lo, she : How fast (not / go) to work. She was sick. _ (you / drive) when the police (stop) you? ___ (not / drive) very fast. : a (your team / win) the baseball game yesterday? : No, the weather was very bad, so we (not / pla |: How, (you / break) the window? : We —__ (play) baseball. 1 a the ball, and it (break) the window. — (you / see) Judy last night? (wear) a long dress. (you / do) at 2 o’clock this morning? don’t know exactly, but |_ (hie) (lose) my key last night. (you / get) into your apartment? ——— (climb) in through a window. ‘Additional Exercises 14-15 (pages 248-249) _29mus | used to... DAVE a few years ago DAVE today Dave used to work in a factory. Now he works in a supermarket. Dave used to work in a factory = he worked in a factory in the past, but he doesn’t work there now ED te tsed to work Ge works past now ‘You can say I used to work . . ./ she used to have . . ./ they used to be . . ., etc. Tused to have = When I was a child, I used to like chocolate. = Tused to read a lor of books, but I don’t read much these days. = Liz has short hair now, but it used to be very long. m= They used to live on the same block as us, so we used to see them often, But we don’t see them very often these days. = Amy used to have a piano, but she sold it when she moved. The negative is I didn’t use to .... = When [ was a child, I didn’t use to like tomatoes. The question is did you use to... ? 1 Where did you use to live before you came here? We use used to... only for the past. You cannot say “I use to...” (present). ‘= Lused to play tennis. These days I play golf. (not I use to play golf.) = We usually get up early. (not We use to get up early.)Exercises UANet 15.1. Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences with used to... . 15 Now — A few years ago Now, When Iwas, Now A few years ago Sh As 1. She used to have long 2. He s hair baseball. We ive in Denver now. Now This is me 20 years ago. 5 (nse ar aie no: EY 15.2 Karen works very hard and has very little free time. A few years ago, her life was different. in Dallas. KAREN a few years ago | KAREN now Do you play any sports? Yes, I swim every day and I play volleyball. Do you go out much? Yes, three or four nights a week. Do you play a musical Yes, the guitar. instrument? Do you like to read? Yes, I read a lot. Leer. Do you travel much? Yes, I take two or three trips qaHeldeas year have any free time. Write sentences about Karen with used to. . 1. _She used to swim every day. _ 4. 2. She aes! 3. ee eee 15.3 Complete these sentences. Use used to or the simple present (J play /he lives, etc.). 1. used toplay ____ tennis. I stopped playing a few years ago. 2. “Do you play any sports?” “Yes, I play basketball.” 3. “Do you have a car?” “No, I ~ one, but I sold it.” 4. Fu Chen a waiter. Now he’s the manager of a restaurant. 5. “Do you go to work by car?” “Sometimes, but usually ___ by train.” 6. When I was a child, I never _ vegetables, but I eat them now. 7. Suree loves to watch TV. She war TV every night. 8. We near the airport, but we moved to the city a few years ago, 9. Normally I start work at 7 o'clock, so I up very early. 10. What games you! ond when you were a child? 31Have you ever... ? (Present Perfect) Have you been to Mexico City? ‘Yes, Ihave. Many times. ‘Have you ever driven a car there? No, I've never driven in Mexico City. Have been / have driven / have played, etc., is the present perfect (have + past participle) x ie played 1 played? we have (‘ve). lived aye We lived? | Regular verbs you havenot (haven't) visited "you visited? they: a8 read they read? he lost he — lost? she has (5) be as she been | Jr7eeular verbs Tee eee toe ‘it flown? Regular verbs: ‘The past participle is -ed the same as the simple past). play + we have played live + Ihave lived visit ~ she has visited Irregular verbs: ‘The past participle is sometimes the same as the simple past. buy +I bought /Ihhave bought have — he had / he has had Sometimes it is different (see Appendixes 2-3). break + I broke /Ihave broken see -+ you saw / you have seen ‘We use the present perfect when we talk about a time from the past until now, for example, a person’s life. past now “Have you been to France?” (in your life) “No, I haven't.” We've been to Canada, but we haven't been to Alaska. Mary has had many different jobs and has lived in many places. Pve seen that woman before, but I can’t remember where. How many times has Brazil won the World Cup? “Have you read this book?” “Yes, I’ve read it twice.” (twice = two times) Present perfect + ever (in questions) and never = “Has Amy ever been to Australia?” “Yes, once.” (once = one time) = “Have you ever played golf?” “Yes, I play golf a lot.” ‘My mother has never traveled by plane. = I've never ridden a horse. = “Who is that man?” “I don’t know, I’ve never seen him before.” Present Perfect and Simple Past Units 19-21 Present Perfect Units 17-18 irregular Verbs Appendixes 2-3Exercises 16.1 16.2 16.3 164 UN You are asking Angela questions. Write the 7 ‘questions. Begin with Have you ever... ANGELA ? you! 1, (Montreal?) “Have you aver bean to Montreal? —) No, never. 2. (play / golf?) Have you ever played golf? Yes, many times. 3. (Australia?) Have No, never, 4, (lose / your passport?) ‘Yes, once. 5. (fly /in a helicopter?) | - | No, never. 6. (eat / Chinese food?) | Yes, a few times. 7. (London?) Yes, twice. 8. (drive / a bus?) No, never. Look at Angela's answers in Exercise 16.1. Write sentences about Angela. 1. (London) Angela has been to London twice. 2. (Australia) She 3. (Chinese food) 4, (drive / a bus) a Now write about yourself. How many times have you done these things? 5. (London) 1 6. (play / tennis) 7. (fly /in a helicopter) Mary is 85 years old. She has had an interesting life. What has she done? be meet | [all over the world do travel | a lot of interesting people married three times waned ‘have write | | a lot of interesting things _ ten books 1. She has had many different jobs 2.She Put the verbs in the present perfect. 1. lve seen (I/ see) that woman before, but I can’t remember where. 2. “Have you ever played (you! ever / play) golf?” “Yes, I play golf a lot.” 2 * (you / ever / write) a poem?” “Yes, in high school.” 4. “Does Emma know Sam?” “No, (she / never / meet) him.” 5. 6. . Ann and Eli have lots of books, and. __ (they / read) all of them. i (I/ never /be) to Australia, but (my brother /be) there twice. 7. Joy’s favorite film is Howard and Belinda, _ five times, but __(I/ never / see) it. 8. (I/ travel) by plane, bus, and train. Someday, I want to take a trip by boat. _ (she / see) it ‘Additional Exercises 16, 18 (pages 249-250) 33 6How long have you... ? Susan is on vacation in New York. She is there now. She arrived in New York on Monday. Today is Thursday. How long has she been in New York? tes since Monday. She has been in New York for three days, Compare is and has been: She isin has been = present perfect Monday now Thursday Compare: Simple present Present perfect = Dan and Kate are married. = They have been married for five years. (not They are married for five years.) = Are you married? || How long have you been married? (not How long are you married?) = Do you know Lynn? = How long have you known her? (not How long do you know her?) = know Lynn. = T've known her for a long time. (not 1 know her for a long time.) Vera lives in Brasilia. = How long has she lived in Brasilia? She has lived there all her life. m= Thave a cat. = How long have you had your car? Pve had it since April. Present continuous Present perfect continuous = I'm studying German. = How long have you been studying German? (not How long are you studying German?) T've been studying German for two years. = Bruce is watching TV. = How long has he been watching TV? He's been watching TV since 5 o'clock. (he’s been = he has been) = Irs raining. = Ics been raining all day. (it’s been For and since Units 18, 99Exercises UNI m4 7.2 73 74 complete hese emees 17 1, Susan is in New York. She Acs been ___ there since Monday. 2. Iknow Isabel. |_Agve known ~ her for a long time. 3. Nancy and Seth are married. They "i married since 1997, 4. Bill is sick. He _ sick for the last few days. 5. We live on Main Street. We _ there for ten years. 6. Chris works in a bank. She — ina bank for five years. 7. Andy has a headache. He —a headache since he got up this morning. 8. I'm studying English. 1 English for six months. Write questions with How long... ? —_ — ees 1. Susan is on vacation. How lang has she been on vacation? 2. Seth and Nancy are in Canada. |How long on e 3. Tknow Amy. |How long 2 4 Diana is studying Italian. $ My brother lives in Seattle. 6 P'ma teacher. 7. Ieis raining. The sun i shining. WS live in Korea. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with: all day all her life for ten minutes for-ten-years since he was 20 since Sunday They have been married for ten 1 2, 3. 4. S, 6 Which is right? Vinai lives / has lived in Canada since 1999. (has lived is right) Ruth is a good friend of mine. I know / have known her very well. Ruth is a good friend of mine. I know / have known her for a long time. “Sorry I’m late. How long are you / have you been waiting?” “Only five minutes.” Ted works / has worked in a hotel now. He likes his job a lot. Amy is reading the newspaper. She is/has been reading it for two hours. “How long do you live / have you lived in this house?” “About ten years.” “Is that a new coat?” “No, [have / ve had this coat for a long time.” Ed is/ has been in Seattle right now. He is/has been there for the last three days. Additional Exercises 16-21 (pages 249-252) 35 SPN AMA YUE For, since, and ago 18 for and since ‘We use for and since to say how long. 1 Rachel sin Brazil. She as been there {fOr SEs 467s since Monday. ‘We use for + a period of time (three days / | ‘We use since + the start of the period ‘two years, etc.). (Monday / 9 o’clock, etc.). ———— = | Monday _[ Tuesday | Wednesday past ‘now | past now for 2 since st three days ten minutes Monday — Wednesday anhour — two hours Yorclock 12:30 a week four weeks July 4th my birthday amonth six months January — Iwas ten years old five years along time 1995 we arrived = Richard has been in Canada for six | Richard has been in Canada since months. (not since six months) January. (= from January to now) = We've been waiting for two hours. | = We've been waiting since 9 o'clock. (not since two hours) (= from 9 o’clock to now) t= I’ve lived in Chicago for along time. | m I've lived in Chicago since I was ten years old. ago ago = before now '= Ji Yoo started her new job three weeks ago. (= three weeks before now) = “When did Tom go out?” “Ten minutes ago.” (= ten minutes before now) = Thad dinner an hour ago. = Life was very different a hundred years ago. ‘We use ago with the past (started/did/had/was, etc.). ‘Compare ago and for: = When did Rachel arrive in Brazil? She arrived in Brazil three days ago. t= How long has she been in Brazil? She has been in Brazil for three days. Present Perfect + forisince Unit 17 Fromluntil/since/for Unit 99 For and during Unit 100Exercises UNI 18.1 18.2 18.3 185 Write for or since. 7 § 1, Rachel has been in Brazil since ___ Monday. 2. Rachel has been in Brazil_for_ three days. 3. My aunt has lived in Australia 15 years. 4, Jennifer is in her office. She has been there 7 o'clock. 5. Mexico has been an independent country 1821. 6. The bus is late. We've been waiting 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ___many years. 8. Luis has been sick a long time. He has been in the hospital ioe October. Answer these questions. Use ago. 1, When was your last meal? Three hours ago 2. When was the last time you were sick? we 3. When was the last time you went to the movies? 4, When was the last time you were in a car? 5. When was the last time you took a vacation? Complete the sentences. Use the words in parentheses ( ) + for or ago. 1, Rachel arrived in Brazil three doys ago - (three days) . Rachel has been in Brazil far three days - (three days) . Linda and Frank have been married __. (20 years) . Linda and Frank got married «(20 years) We arrived ~ (ten minutes) . It started to rain - (an hour) . Silvia has been studying English (six months) . I bought these shoes (a few days) Complete the sentences with for or since. Pam is in Cuba now. She arrived three days ago. She has. Carlos is here. He arrived here on Tuesday. He has Its raining, It started an hour ago. It’s been there for three T know Sue. I met her two years ago. I've Thave a camera. I bought it in 1999. Pve Lis ao kene studying medicine at the university. She started three years ago. She has 7. Toshi plays the piano. He started when he was seven years old. Toshi has Write sentences about yourself with for and since. Begin with the words in parentheses ( ). (Ive lived) (Pve been) (Pve been studying) (ve known) (Pve had) yeene ‘Additional Exercise 17 (page 250) _ 37.USS | have done and | did He has washed his car. (= his car is clean now) They are at home. They are going out. They have gone out. ( they are not at home now) ‘We use the present perfect (he has washed / they have gone, ete.) for an action in the past with a result now. T’ve lost my passport. (= I can’t find my passport now) “Where’s Tiffany?” “She's gone to bed.” (= she is in bed now) ‘We've bought a new car. (= we have a new car now) Rachel has a headache because she hasm’t taken her medicine. “Bob is on vacation.” “Oh, where has he gone?” Have you met my brother, or should I introduce you? Iwas a very slow typist in college, but I've gotten faster. Usually you can also use the simple past (he washed / I lost, etc.) in these situations. So you can say: “Where's your key?” “I've lost it.” or “I lost it.” “Is Peter here?” “No, he’s gone home.” or “He went home.” ‘We've bought a new car. or We bought a new car. We use only the simple past (nor the present perfect) with a finished time (yesterday, last week, etc.) lost my key yesterday. (not I have lost) ‘We bought a new car last week. (not we have bought) Present Perfect Units 16-18 Present Perfect and Simple Past Units 20-21Exercises 19.4 19.2 UN Look at the pictures. What has happened? Use the present perfect. Choose from: 7 g close the door falldown gotobed stop raining takeashower wash-hercar 1 before = now She has washed her cor. 2. He 3 They 4 5 He —— 6 The Rewrite the sentences that have underlined verbs. Use the present perfect. 1. Lee Ming isn’t here. He went home. He has gone home. 2. Idon’t need to call them. I wrote them a letter. 3. Karen’s not coming to the party. She broke her arm. 4. My brother and his wife don’t live here anymore, They moved to Seattle. 5. Imadea big mistake. 6. lost my wallet. Did you see it anywhere? — 7. Did you hear? Mark got marri Now rewrite these present perfect sentences in the simple past. 8, Eve done the shopping. / did the shopping. 9. Brian has taken my bike again without asking. 10. Have you told your friends the good news? 11, We haven't paid the electric bill. 39Just, already, and yet (Present Perfect and Simple Past 2) just (= a short time ago) ‘We use just with the present perfect or the simple past. A: Are Diane and Paul here? B: Yes, they've just arrived. or Yes, they just arrived. = A? Are you hungry? B: No, P've just had dinner. or I just had dinner. Az Is Jiro here? B: Sorry, he’s just left. or Sorry, he just left. already (= before you expected / before I expected) We use already with the present perfect or the simple past. =A: What time are Diane and Paul coming? B: They've already arrived. or They already arrived. = It’s only nine o'clock, and Anne has already gone to bed. or ... Anne already went to bed. = A: John, this is Mary. B: Yes, I know. We've already met. or We already met. yet (= until now) We use yet with the present perfect or simple past. We use yet in negative sentences (Ihaven’t . . . yet) and questions (Have you . . . yet2). Yet is usually at the end. yet in negative sentences = A: Are Diane and Paul here? B: No, they haven't arrived yet. or . .. they didn’t arrive yet. (but B expects Diane and Paul to arrive soon) = A: Does John know that you’re going away? B: No, Uhaven't told him yet. or .. . I didn’t tell him yet. (but B is going to tell him soon) = Joy bought a new dress, but she hasn't worn it yet. or .... she didn't wear it yet. yet in questions m A: Have Diane and Paul arrived yet? or Did Diane and Paul arrive yet? B: No, not yet. We're still waiting for them. m A: Has Nicole started her new job yet? or Did Nicole start her new job yet? jl This is my new B: No, she’s starting next week. A: This is my new dress. B: Oh, it’s nice. Have you worn it yet? or Did you wear it yet? Present Perfect Units 16-18 Present Perfect and Simple Past Units 19, 21Exercises UsNale: 1. Theyve just arrived. 3. They 2. He ‘What time is Yong Jin arriving? Do Sne and Bill want to see the movie? Don't forget to call Eric. ‘When is Mark going to work? . Do you want to read the newspaper? ‘When does Nicole start her new job? Hes alkeady arrived. No, they it, 20.3. Rewrite these sentences. Use the present perfect. Did Nicole start her new job yet? Has Nicole started h Did you tell your father about the accident yet? [just ate a big dinner, so Pm nor hungry. Jenny can watch TV because she already did her homework. You can’t go to bed - you didn’t brush your teeth yet. You can't talk to Pete because he just went home. ‘Sarah just got out of the hospital, so she can’t go to work. Now rewrite these sentences in the simple past. 8, Have you given the mailman our new address yet? Did you give the mailman our new address yet? 9. The mailman hasn’t come yet. 10. I've just spoken to your sister. 11. Has Mario bought a new computer yet? 12. Tedand Alice haven't told anyone they're getting married yet. Nee eR 13, We've already done our packing for our trip. 14, ['ve just been to the gym. I feel great! 20.4 Write questions with the present perfect and yet. 1. Your friend has gotten a new job. Perhaps she has started it. You ask her, Have you started your new job yet 2 2. Your friend has some new neighbors. Maybe he has met them. You ask him, ee aa) 3. Your friend has to write a letter. Perhaps she has written it now. You ask her, 2 auy I’ve lost my key. I lost my key last week. (Present Perfect and Simple Past 3) Somet past (I . present We Use the simple past to ask When .. . ? or What time .. mes you can use the present perfect (I have lost / he has gone, etc.) or the simple lost/ he went, etc.). “Is Peter here?” “No, he’s gone home.” or “No, he went home.” Buc with a finished time (yesterday / last week, etc.), we use only the simple past (not the t perfect). Simple past + finished time yesterday. last week. arrived at 3 o’clock. " (nL : _ sixtmonths ago. ee Do not use the present perfect with a finished time. I saw Ratana yesterday. (rot I have seen) Where were you on Sunday afternoon? (not Where have you been) ‘We didn’t take a vacation last year. (not We haven't taken) “What did you do last night?” “I stayed at home.” ‘William Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616. He was a writer. He wrote many plays and poems. ‘When did they arrive? (not When have they arrived?) Compare: Present perfect or simple past Thave lost my key. or Iost my key. (= I can’t find it no1) Bill has gone home. or Bill went home. (= he isn’t here now) Have you had lunch? or Did you have lunch? The letter hasn't arrived yet. or The letter didn’t arrive yet. past Present perfect only = Have you ever been to Spain? (ine (= in your life, until now) | m My friend is a writer. He has written many books. past mow We've lived in Boston for six years. (= we live there now) Simple past only Did you go to Spain last year? (finished time) = Shakespeare wrote many plays and poems. | m We lived in Chicago for ten years, but now we now live in Boston. Present Perfect Units 16-18 Present Perfect and Simple Past Units 19-20Exercises UNI 2.4 21.2 23 214 Use the words in parentheses ( ) to answer the questions. 2 7 1, (an hour ago) Have you had lunch? (Yas. Aad it.an hour ago. 2. (last week) Have you started your new job? | Yes,I_____ last week. 3. (on Friday) Have your friends arrived? | Yes, they 4. (at 5 o'clock) Has Sarah gone out? | Yes, 5. (yesterday) Have you worn your new suit? |Yes, Right or wrong? Correct the underlined parts that are wrong. 1. Pye lost my key. I can't find it. _R/GHT. 2. Have you seen Anne yesterday? WRONG Did you soa eT 3. Eve finished my work at two o'clock. 2 4. Tm ready now. Lve finished my work. 5. What time have you finished your work? ___ 6. Gloria isn’t here. She’s gone out. = 7. Jim's grandmother has died last night. 8. Where have you been in 1998? Put the verb in the present perfect or simple past. 1, My friend is a writer. He Aas written many books. (write) 2. We didn’t rake a vacation last year. (not / take) 3.1 ____— tennis yesterday afternoon. (play) 4. What time to bed last night? (you / go) 5. Kathy travels a lot. She ‘many countries. (visit) 6. Llive in New York now, but I in Mexico for many years. (live) 7. The weather very good yesterday. (not / be) 8. Sonia is an actress now. She in several plays. (be) 9.1 my hair before breakfast this morning. (wash) Put the verb in the present perfect or simple past. 1. A: Hove you ever been (youl ever/| 2. A: What does your friend do? be) to Florida? B: She’s a painter. She B: Yes, we went __ (go)] (win) many prizes for her paintings. there on vacation two years ago. A: (you / see) A: (you / have) any of her paintings? a good time? B: Yes, (see) B: Yes, it__ (be) great. some of her work last week. 3. Rose works in a factory now, but she : Do you know Mark's sister? __ (have) a lot of I (see) her different jobs. Five years ago, she a few times but I (be) a waitress (never / speak) to her. in a restaurant. After that, she (you! —_ {work} on a ranch, ever / speak) to her? but she Az Yes, 1 (meet) her (not / enjoy) it very much. | ata party last week. She's very nice. Additional Exercises 19-23 (pages 251-253) 43a 22 Uy Is done and was done (Passive 1) The office is cleaned every day. The office was cleaned yesterday. Compare active and passive: Somebody cleans (PRE'GHGE) every day. (active) ody eens aa THe OHA is cleaned every day. (passive) Somebody cleaned [BHBTSHIGE yesterday. (active) poy on ‘TIe\OHFGE| was cleaned yesterday. (passive) The passive is: Past participle Simple present Simple past _w ‘The past participle of regular verbs is -ed (cleaned /damaged, etc). For a list of irregular past participles (done/built/taken, etc.), see Appendixes 2-3. Butter is made from cream. Oranges are imported into Canada, How often are these rooms cleaned? Tam never invited to parties. This house was built 100 years ago. These houses were built 100 years ago. When was the telephone invented? ‘We weren't invited to the party last week. “Was anybody injured in the accident?” “Yes, two people were taken to the hospital.” was/were born, = [was born in Los Angeles in 1981. (not Lam born) = Where were you born? Passive + by... = We were woken up by a loud noise. (= The noise woke us up.) = The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. m= My brother was bitten by a dog last week, Is being done | has been done Unit 23 irregular Verbs Unit 25, Appendixes 2-3 By Unit 106 Active and Passive Appendix 1Exercises UNI 22.1 22.2 23 2.4 Write sentences with the words in parentheses ( ). Sentences 1-7 are present. ee 1. (the office / clean / every day) The office is cleaned everyday 2. (these rooms / clean / every day?) Are these rooms cleaned every day? 3. (glass / make / from sand) Glass 4, (stamps / sell / in a post office) 5. (this word / not / use / very often) — 6. (we /allow /to park here?) 7. (how / this word / pronounce?) Sentences 8-14 are past. 8. (the office / clean / yesterday) The office was cleaned yesterde, 5: a 9. {the house / paint /last month) The house 10. (three people / injure / in the accident) _ 11. (my bicycle / steal / a few days ago) —_ 12, (when / this bridge / build?) 13. (you / invite / to the party last week?) 14 (Thnot | wakeup (by the noise) 3.05 5 Widinta SO wad dnd ae Correct these sentences. 1. This house built 100 years ago. Tvs house was built 100 years ago. 2. Soccer plays in most countries of the world. 3. Why did the letter send to the wrong address? 4. A garage is a place where cars repai S. Where are you born? 6. How many languages are speaking in Canada? 7. Somebody broke into our house, but nothing stolen. 8. When was invented the bicycle? ‘Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs: ¢lean damage find give invite make make show steal take . The room /s cleaned every day. saw an accident yesterday. Two people were taken ____to the hospital. . Paper ____ from wood. There was a fire at the hotel last week. Two of the rooms = “Where did you get this picture?” “It to me by a friend of mine.” - Many British programs on American television, “Did Jim and Sue go to the wedding?” “No. They Serine WF be they didn’t go.” 8. “How old is this movie?” “Ir__ aie in 1965.” 9. Mycar___last week, but the next dayit____by the police. Paene Where were they born? 1, (Makoto / Kyoto) Mekoto was born in Kyoto 2. (Isabel / Sao Paulo) Isabel mini 3. (her parents / Rio de Janeiro) Her 4. (yous 72) ET 5. (your mother /YEN) Is being done and has been done (Passive 2) 23 is/are being . . . (present continuous passive) -. Somebody is painting /tH€@OOF. (active) body is painting HIE ‘THEGBOE is being painted. (passive) '= [took the bus this morning. My car is being repaired. (= somebody is repairing it) = Some new houses are being built across from the park. (= somebody is building them) Compare the present continuous and simple present: = The office is being cleaned right now. (present continuous) The office is cleaned every day. (simple present) = Inthe USS., football games are usually shown on TV on Mondays, but no games are being shown next Monday. has/have been... (present perfect passive) Somebody has painted H8WBOE. (active) sbody bas painted Ta ‘The dO0F has been painted. (passive) before now My key has been stolen. (= somebody has stolen it) My keys have been stolen, (= somebody has stolen them) T'm not going to the party. I haven't been invited. (= nobody has invited me) = Has this window been washed? (= Has somebody washed it?) Compare the present perfect and simple past: = The room is clean now. It has been cleaned. (present perfect) ‘The room was cleaned yesterday. (simple past) = [can’t find my keys. I think they've been stolen. (present perfect) My keys were stolen last week. (simple past) Present Continuous and Simple Present Units 8, 26 Present Perfect and Simple Past Unit 21 Is done | was done Unit 18 Active and Passive Appendix 1Exercises UANE | 23.1 23.2 23.3 hats hopping? 23 1. The car is being repaired 3. The windows 2. Abridge © 4. The grass — Look at the pictures. What is happening or what has happened? Use the present continuous (is/are being . .. ) or the present perfect (has/have been .. == T \ lat = 1, (the office / clean) The office is being cleaned. 2. (the shirts / iron) The shirts have been ironed 3. (the window / break) The window 4. (the roof / repair) The roof Eee S. (the car / damage) 6. (the buildings / knock / down) 7. (the trees / cut / down) - 8. (they / invite / to a party) a Use the words in parentheses ( ) to complete the sentences. (Study Unit 22 first.) 1. Ican’t use my office right now. It_/s being painted - (paint) 2. We didn’t go to the party. We weren't invited = (not / invite) 3. The washing machine was broken, but it’s OK now. It aane - (repair) 4. The washing machine yesterday afternoon. (repair) 5. A factory is a place where things - (make) 6. How old are these houses? When _ ? (they / build) 7. ___right now? (the computer / use) B: Yes, Jim is using . I've never seen these flowers before. What 2 (they /call) 9. My sunglasses - at the beach yesterday. (steal) 10. The bridge is closed. It last week and it et. (damage) (not / repair) ‘Additional Exercises 24-27 (pages 253-254) _ 47.Be, have, and do in Present and Past Tenses (present continuous) See Units 3-4 and 26. was/were + -ing (past continuous) See Unit 13. be (am/is/are/was/were) + -ing (cleaning/working, etc.) @ Please be quiet. I'm working. = Icisn’t raining right now. = What are you doing tonight? I was working when she arrived. It wasn’t raining, so we went out. ‘What were you doing at three o'clock? (simple present passive) ‘See Unit22, (simple past passive) See Unit 22. waslwere + past participle be + past participle (cleaned/made/eaten, etc.) amvis/are + past participle = The room is cleaned every day. I’'m never invited to parties. Oranges are imported into Canada, ‘The room was cleaned yesterday. These houses were built 100 years ago. How was the window broken? ‘Where were you born? (present perfect) have/has + past participle See Units 16-17, 19-21. have/has + past participle (cleaned/lost/eaten/been, etc.) 've lived in this house for ten years. ‘Tom has never ridden a horse. Barbara hasn't been to South America, ‘Where have Paul and Nicole gone? doldoes + base form and questions) See Units 6-7. did + base form (simple past negative and questions) See Unit 12. (simple present negative do/does/did + base form (clean/like/eat/go, etc.) like coffee, but I don't like tea. Chris doesn’t go out very often. What do you usually do on weekends? Does Barbara live alone? I didn’t watch TV yesterday. It didn’t rain last week. What time did Paul and Nicole go out? Irregular Verbs Unit 25, Appendixes 2-3Exercises 24.1 Write is/are/do/does. 1, Do you work on weekends? 2. Where are they going? aawhyu you looking at me? 4 Bill live near you? 5, Bal you like to cook? 242 + Tom coesn¢ __ Pm very tired. I_ P'm very tired. I Eric ‘My parents are usually at home. They Barbara has traveled a lot, but she You can turn off the television. 1 There’s a party next week, but we eNae een 24.3 Write was/were/did/have/has. . Where were you go out last night? —__ you doing at 10:30? your shoes made? . What |. Where your mother born? Barbara gone home? 24.4 Write is/are/was/were/have/has. 1, Joe Aas never ridden a horse. 2. This bridge built ten years ago. Buea you finished your work yet? 4. This town is always clean, The streets cleaned every day. Write am not / isn’t / aren't / don't / doesn't. All these sentences are neg: work on weekends. __ want to go out tonight. going out tonight. ‘working this week. He’s on vacation, 6. the sun shining? 7. What time ___ the stores close? ge Ratana working today? 9. What this word mean? 10. you feeling all right? go out very often. speak any foreign languages. watching it. going. 6. What time _ she go? 7. When these houses built? 8. Sanun arrived yet? 9. Why you go home early? 10. How long they been married? 61 just made some coffee. Would you like some? 7. Glass made from sand. 8. This is a very old photograph. It taken a long time ago. 5. Where you born? 9. Joe bought a new car. 24.5 Complete the sentences. Choose verbs from the list. Use the correct forms. damage enjoy go away open use eat listen pronounce _understand 1, P'm going to take an umbrella with me. It’s rain , 2. Why are you so tired? Did you go to bed late lastnight? 3. Where are the chocolates? Have you _ them all? 4. How is your new job? Are you __ ie 5. My car was badly ident, but I was OK. 6. Chris has a car but she doesn’t it very often. 7. Mary isn’t at home. She has 8. Idon’t 9, Mark is in his room. He’s 10. I don’t know how to say this word. How 11. How do you for a few days. _____ the problem. Can you explain it again? to music, 49Regular and Irregular Verbs Regular verbs The simple past and past participle of regular verbs is -ed. clean cleaned live lived paint —> painted study — studied Simple past (see Unit 11) = Tcleaned my room yesterday. = Charlie studied engineering in college. Past participle Present perfect = have/has + past participle (see Units 16-17, 19-21) = Ihave cleaned my room. = Tracy has lived in Miami for ten years. Passive = be (is / are / were / has been, etc.) + past participle (see Units 22-23) ‘= These rooms are cleaned every day. m= My car has been repaired. Irregular verbs The simple past and past participle of irregular verbs are not -ed. For example: Base form make break cut Simple past made broke cut Past participle made broken cut Sometimes the simple past and past participle are the same. For example: Base form make find buy cut Simple past } a Past participle m= Imade a cake yesterday. (simple past) I’ve just made some coffee. (past participle in the present perfect) m= Butter is made from cream. (past participle in the passive) Sometimes the simple past and past participle are different. For example: Base form break know — begin go. Simple past broke knew begin went Past participle broken known began gone = Somebody broke this window last night. (simple past) = Somebody has broken this window. (past participle in the present perfect) = This window was broken last night. (past participle in the passive) Irregular Verbs Appendixes 2-3 Spelling of Regular Verbs Appendix 5Exercises UNI 25.1. Write the simple past / past participle of these verbs. (The simple past and past 2 3 4. bring i. pay —__ 25.2. Write the simple past and past participle of these verbs. 1. break Aroke broken 6 run oh, 2. begin z 7. speak ee a2, 3. eat be 8. write 13. 4. drink 9. come — anne $. drive 10. know —_ 15. 25.3. Put the verb in the right form. 1. I washed my hands because they were dirty. (wash) 2. Somebody has broken this window. (break) 3. L feel good. I ____very well last night. (sleep) 4. We a really good movie yesterday. (see) 5. It_____a lot while we were on vacation. (rain) 6. P've ___ my bag. (lose) Have you _ it? (see) 7. Rosa’s bicycle was last week. (steal) 8.1 to bed early because I was tired. (go) 9. Have you _ your work yet? (finish) 10. The shopping mall was — —_ about 20 years ago. (build) 1. Annie to drive when she was 16. (learn) 12. Ive never a horse. (ride) 13, Julia is a good friend of mine. 've_____her for a long time. (know) 14. Yesterday I and my leg. (fall / hurt) Complete these sentences. Choose from the list and put the verb in the correct form. cost drive fly make meet sell speak swim tell think wake up «Tye just made some coffee. Would you like some? . Have you John about your new job? . [know Aldo, but Pve never his wife. . We were by loud music in the middle of the night. . Stephanie jumped into the river and to the other side. . “Did you like the movie?” “Yes, I it was very good.” Many different languages are in Guatemala. |. Our vacation a lot of money because we stayed at an expensive hotel. . Have you ever __a very fast car? ). All the tickets for the concert were ____ very quickly. A bird in through the open window while we were eating dinner. BS penanaepe 51‘They are playing tennis (now). y ‘ Today is Thursday. He is playing tennis tomorrow. We use am/is/are + -ing (present continuous) for something happening now. “Where are Sue and Amanda?” “They're playing tennis in the park.” Please be quiet. I'm working. We also use am/is/are + -ing for the future (tomorrow / next week, etc.). ‘Andrew is playing tennis tomorrow. P'm not working next week. T am doing something tomorrow = I have arranged to do it, [have a plan to do it Blanca is going to the dentist on Friday. (= she has an appointment with the dentist) ‘We're having a party next weekend. ‘Are you meeting Bill at the movies tonight? ‘What are you doing tomorrow night? I’m not going out tonight. 'm staying at home. You can also say, “I’m going to do something.” (see Unit 27) Tmgoing 8 ‘concert tomorrow. Do not use the simple present (I stay / Do you go... ?, etc.) for plans and arrangements. Y'm staying at home tonight. (not I stay) Are you going out tonight? (not Do you go) ‘Anne isn’t coming to the party next week. (rot Anne doesn’t come) But use the simple present for schedules (buses, movies, classes, etc.). = The plane arrives in New York at 7:30 tomorrow morning. m= Whar time does the movie end tonight? Compare: Present continuous (usually for people) | Simple present (for schedules) = I’m going to a concert tomorrow. m= The concert starts at 7:30. = What time are you leaving? = What time does your plane leave? Present Continuous Units 3-4 Simple Present Units 5-7 I'm going to... Unit 27Exercises 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 Look at the pictures. What are these people doing next Friday? RICHARD, BARBARA, DENISE SUE AND TOM ‘tennis on Friday. 4, lunch with Ken, 2. Richard to the movies. 5. 3. Barbara Write questions. All the sentences are future. 1, (you/ go / out / tonight?) Are you going out tonight? 2. (you / work / next week?) as 3. (what / you / do / tomorrow night? 4. (what time / your friends / come?) 5. (when / Liz./ go / on vacation?) __ Write sentences about yourself. What are you doing in the next few days? lm staying at home tonight Im going to the theater on Manday. SeRepe Put the verb in the present continuous (he is leaving, etc.) or simple present (the train leaves, etc. 1. “Are you going cout tonight?” (you / go) “No, I'm too tired.” 2. Were going to a concert tonight. (we / go) /t stars at 7:30. (it / start) 3. Listen to this! ‘married next month! (Karen / get) 4, A: My parents _______ on vacation soon. (go) Oh, that’s nice. Where ? (they / go) S. Silvia is taking an English course this semester. The course va 3 on Friday. (end) 6. There’s a football game tomorrow, but - (I/ not / go) 7 ‘out with some friends tonight. (I/ go) Why don’t you come too? at John’s house at 8 o'clock. (we / meet) 8. A: How ____ home after the party tomorrow? (you / get) By taxi? No, I can take the bus. The last bus at midnight. (leave) Do you want to go to the movies tonight? Yes, what time = ____? (the movie / begin) What ___ next Monday afternoon? (you / do) (I work)UN I’m going to... I’m going to do something. Morning Tiigoing to watehiTV tonight Tonight She is going to watch TV tonight. We use am/is/are + going to. .. for the future. 1am do am I buy he/sheit is (not) going to drink helshelit —goingto cat... welyou/they are watch are welyoufthey wear. Tam going to do something = Ihave decided to do it, my intention is to do it i Tnpigodit > sistigaae ‘past now future I'm going to buy some books tomorrow. Sarah is going to sell her car. T’m not going to have breakfast this morning. I'm not hungry. ‘What are you going to wear to the party tonight? “Your hands are dirty.” “Yes, I know. I'm going to wash them.” ‘Are you going to invite Min Fang to your party? ‘We also use the present continuous (Iam doing) for the future, usually for arrangements (see Unit 26). = [am playing tennis with Julia tomorrow. ® Look at the sky! It’s going to rain. (black clouds now > rain) = It’s 9 o'clock and P'm not ready. I'm going to be late. (9 o'clock now and not ready —* late) Something is going to happen = it is clear now = se that it is sure to happen Its going to rain, “Hey Present for the Future Unit 26 Will Units 28-29Exercises 27.1 What are these people saying? 27.2, Complete the sentences. Use am/is/are + going to + one of these verbs: do eat give liedown visit. walk wash watch wear . My hands are dirty. them. . What are you going to wear to the party tonight? . It's a nice day. Tdon’t want to take the bus. I ; . John is going to Seattle next week. He ‘some friends. T’'m hungry. I __a sandwich, . It's Sharon's birthday next week. We __ her a present. Maria says she’s feeling very tired. She for an hour. . There’s a good program on Channel 13 at 9:00 tonight. you eee iv? . What Rachel ‘when she finishes school? cz Ef Ss @ 1, 18 going to rain - ae right. 2. The shelf 4, He ____ the ball. SN ALaENE 27.3. Look at the pictures. What is going to happen? q > 27.4 What are you going to do today or tomorrow? Write three sentences. 1. tm 2. 3.UN! TOT) 28 Soo Mi goes to work every day. She is always there from 8:30 until 4:30. Tt is 11 o'clock now. Soo Mi is at work. At 11 o'clock yesterday, she was at work. At 11 o'clock tomorrow, she will be at work. soo mt! will + base form (will be / will win / will come, etc.) be Twelyou/they will (I) win he/shelit will not (won't) eat come, etc, ‘I = will: 111 (I will) / you'll / she'll, etc. won't = will not: | won't (I will not) / you won't / she won't, etc. We use will for the future (tomorrow / next week, etc.). = Sue travels a lot. Today she is in Los Angeles. Tomorrow she'll be in Mexico City. Next week she'll be in New York. You can call me tonight. I'l be home. Put this bread in the back yard. The birds will eat it. We'll probably go out tonight. Will you be home tonight? I won't be here tomorrow. (= I will not be here) Don’t drink coffee before you go to bed. You won't sleep. We often say [think ... will... = [think Diana will pass her driver's test. = Do you think the test will be difficult? = I don't think it will rain this afternoon. ‘We say Idon’t think . .. will... (not I think... won't. ..). = [don’t think the test will be difficult. (not I think the test won't be . . ‘We do not use will for things we have already arranged or decided to do (see Units 26-27). m= We're going to the movies on Saturday. (not We will go) = I’mnot working tomorrow. (not I won't work) = Are you going to cook dinner tonight? (not Will you cook) What are you doing tomorrow? U 15 I'mgoing to... Unit 27 Will (2) Unit 29Exercises 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 Ue tag waving in South Ameria, Compete ae 28 the sentences with she was, she’s, or she'll be. Boa0TAGererrowW) 1. Yesterday she wes in Rio de Janeiro. 2. Tomorrow in Bogota. 3. Last week in Santiago. 4, Next week in Caracas. 5. Right now in Lima. 6. Three days ago in Buenos Aires, 7. Ar the end of her trip very tired. Where will you be? Write answers about yourself. Use one of these: Tilbe... ll probably be... I don’t know where I'll be. 1. At 10 o'clock tomorrow? ///be at work on lil probably be at the beach 2. One hour fromnow? x = 3. At midnight tonight? - : 7 4, At3 o'clock tomorrow afternoon? a 5. Two years from now? — ee a Write will (11) or won't. 1, Don't drink coffee before you go to bed. You won't __ sleep. 2. “Are you ready yet?” “Not yet.1__ ready in five minutes.” 3. I'm going away for a few days. I'm leaving tonight, so 1 be at home tomorrow. 4 It rain, so you don’t need to take an umbrella, 5. A: Tdon’t feel very well tonight. B: Well, go to bed early and you feel better in the morning. 6. Its Bills birthday next Monday. He __ be 25, 7. I'm sorry I was late this morning, It happen again. Rewrite these sentences. Use I think... or don’t think... 1. (Diana will pass the driver’s test.) _/ think Diana will pass the driver's test 2. (Diana won't pass the driver’s test.) _/ don't think Diana will pass the driver's fest 3. (We'll win the game.) I : 4, (L won't be here tomorrow.) 5. 6 7. 5. (Rika will like her present.) . (They won't get married. (You won't like the movie.) Which is right? (Study Unit 26 before you do this exercise.) We'll go-/ We're going to the theater tonight. We've got tickets. (We're going is right.) . “What will you do /are you doing tomorrow night?” “Nothing. I’m free.” . They'll leave tomorrow morning. Their train is at 8:40. . Pm sure she'l *s lending us some money. She’s very rich, “Why are you putting on your coat?” “Pll go / I'm going out.” . Do you think Claire will call /is calling us tonight? . Steve can’t meet us on Saturday. He'll work / He's working. NaweeneWill (2) You can use I'll... (will) when you offer or decide to do something. = “My suitcase is very heavy.” “I'll carry it for you.” = “T'llcall you tomorrow, OK?” “OK. Goodbye.” We often say [think I'll. .. I don’t think I'll. .. when we decide to do something. = I'm tired. I think I'll go to bed early tonight. = It’s a nice day. I think I'll sit outside. m It’s raining. I don’t think I'll go out. Do not use the simple present (I go / I call, etc.) in sentences like these: = T'llcall you tomorrow, OK? (not I call you) = [think I'l go to bed early. (not I go to bed) Do not use I'll. . . for something you decided before (see Units 26-27). = I'm working tomorrow. (not I'll work) = There's a good program on TV tonight. I'm going to watch it. (not I'll watch) = What are you doing this weekend? (not What will you do) Shall I/we... ? Do you think this is a good thing to do? Do you think this is a good idea? = “Shall I call you tonight?” “OK.” = It’s nice day. Shall we go for a walk? ‘We use should in the same way. = “Should I call you tonight?” “OK.” fm Ie’s.a nice day. Should we go for a walk? What are you doing tomorrow? Unit 26 I'mgoing to... Unit 27 Will Unit 28 Should Unit 33Exercises UNI 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 Complete the sentences. Use /’l! (/ will) + one of these verbs: Ee, 9 -earry do cat send show sit stay 1 My suitcase is very heavy. {carry it for you. 2 Enjoy your vacation, | Thank you. — you a postcard. 3. Idon’t want this banana. | Well, I'm hungry. tie. it, 4. Do you want a chair? | No, that’s OK. ie on the floor. BS Did you cal Jenny? | Oh’no, I forgot. itnow. 6. Are you coming with me? No, I don’t think so. ~ here. 7. How do you use this camera? | Give it to me and yo Complete the sentences. Use / think I'll... or | don’t think I'll. . . + one of these verbs: buy go have play 1, It’s cold today. /don’t think Lil go out, 2. Pm hungry. F_ ~ something to eat. 3. [feel tired. — tenni 4, This camera is too expensive. it, Which is right? 1. Eeall/ [lL call you tomorrow, OK? (I'll call is right.) 2. Thaven’t done the shopping yet. Ldo /1'll do it later. 3. Llike sports. Lwatch / ll watch a lot of sports on TV. 4. [need some exercise. I think | go / I'll go for a walk. 5. Jim is going to buy / will buy a new car. He told me last week. 6. “This letter is for Alicia.” “OK. Lgive/ I'll give / I'm going to give it to her.” 7. A: Are you doing / Will you do anything this evening? ‘Yes, Lm going /T’ll go out with some friends. 8. “Can you tell Ted P'll be late tonight?” “Sure, Ltell /'m going to tell /I'll tell him.” 9. “Why are you going out?” “Ldo/T'll do / Pm going to do the shopping.” 10. Ican’t go out with you tomorrow night. L work / I'm working / Ill work. 11. I like this hat. I think Lbuy /T'll buy it. What does B say to A? Find the right answers. A 1, I's very warm in this room. a) If you want. Where should we go? 2. This TV program is boring. b) Yes, who shall we invite? 3. Should we have a party? ©) No, shall I go and get some? 4. It's dark in this room. | d) Shall I open the window? 5. Should I go to the store? ¢) Should I turn on the light? 6. Shall we go out? f) OK, how many shall we buy? 7. Shall I wait here? —_ |g) Should I turn it off? 8. Have we got any bread? h) No, come with me. 9. Should we get some lottery tickets? i) No, it’s OK. I'll go. Additional Exercises 28-29 (pages 254-256) _59.Where are you going for vacation? ene ein He might go to New York. (= it is possible that he will go to New Yor might + base form (1 Te might rai rk) (= it is possible thar it will rain) it go / might be / might rain, etc.) I might = it is possible that I will m= A: When is Kanya going to call you? = Take an umbrella with you. It might Seudy the difference: = I’m playing tennis tomorrow. (sure) m= Kanya is going to call later (sure) Kanya might call later. (possible) m= Buy a lottery ticket. You might be lucky. m= “Are you going out tonight?” “I might.” ‘= I might go to the movies tonight. (= it is possible that I will go) B: | don’t know, She might call this afternoon, rain, rethaps you will be lucky) I might go out) L might play tennis tomorrow. (possible) ‘The negative is might not. = I might not go to work tomorrow. ( = Sonia might not come to the party. (= tis possible that I will not go) it is possible that she will not come) aay You can use may in the same way. Imay |= Sonia may not come to the party. = May I ask a question? (= Can I ask?) = “May Issit here?” “Sure.” Wil Units 28-29 Can Unit 31 I might. ‘= I may go to the movies tonight. (= I might go) ‘onia might not come) Mayl...?=Isit OK to...?/Canl...?Exercises 30.1 30.2 30.3 Write sentences with might. (it’s possible that I'll go to the movies) _/ might go ta the movies 2. (it’s possible that I’ll see you tomorrow) | _—__ 3, (it’s possible that Sarah will forget to call) 4 ‘S. . (it’s possible that it will snow today) __ (i’s possible that I'll be late tonight) Write sentences with might not. 6. {it’s possible that Mark won't be here) __ 7, {it's possible that I won't have time to go tonight) Somebody is asking you about your plans. You have some ideas, but you are not sure. Choose from the list and write sentences with / might. ‘Europe fish Monday new car takeatrip take a taxi Where are you going for vacation? (Pm not sure. Zmugh? go fo , Lagi ge Eira What are you doing this weekend? |I don’t know. 1 When will you see Amy again? I’m not sure. What are you going to have for dinner? I don’t know. How are you going to get home tonight? | I’m not sure. 2 |. [hear you won some money. What are | I haven't decided yet. __ you going to buy? You ask Adam about his plans. Sometimes he is sure, but usually he is not sure. Are you playing tennis tomorrow? _ Yes, in the afternoon. ‘Are you going out tonight? Possibly. ‘Are you going to get up early? Maybe. you Are you working tomorrow? No, I’m not. Will you be home tomorrow night? Maybe. ‘Are you going to watch television? I might. ‘Are you going out this afternoon? Yes, | am. ‘Are you going shopping? Maybe, I'm not sure. ima exsar sep Now write about Adam. Use might where necessary. 1g tennis. tomorrow atternooh. 2 might gocct.caigt? 3. He NAYESHe can play the piano. can + base form (can do / can play / can come, etc.) Ican do something = I know how to do it or it is possible for me to do it Tecan play the piano. My brother can play the piano too. Sarah can speak Italian, but she can’t speak Spanish. “Can you swim?” “Yes, but I'm not a very good swimmer.” “Can you change a ten-dollar bill?” “I’m sorry, I can't.” P'm having a party next week, but Scott and Angela can’t come. For the past (yesterday / last week, etc.), we use could/couldn't. ‘When Iwas young, I could run very fast. Before Shu Ling came to Canada, she couldn't understand much English. Now she can understand everything. Iwas tired last night, but I couldn't sleep. Thad a party last week, but Scott and Angela couldn't come. May! Can you...? Couldyou...? CanI...? CouldI...? ‘We use Can you . .. ? or Could you. ‘= Can you open the door, piease? or Could you open the door, please? |= Can you tell me the time, please? or Could you tell... ? ‘We use Can Ihave . . . ? or Could Ihave .. . ? to ask for something. = P when we ask people to do things. (in a store) Can Ihave change for a dollar, please? or Could Ihave... ? CanI...? or Could I. . . ? = is it OK to do something? = Tom, can I borrow your pen? or Tom, could I borrow your pen? (on the phone) Hello, can I speak to Jerry, please? or ... could Ispeak .. +? Unit 30Exercises UN | 31.1 Ask Steve if he can do these things: 1 7 2 Ano 'e. Thess] z é Fa 10. 1. Can you swim? STEVE. Can you do these things? Write sentences about yourself. Use / can or I can’t. 7 neisetnes Bet: 10, ae _ 8. i ty 9. Bi 125 31.2 Complete these sentences. Use can or can’t + one of these verbs: come find hear see speak 1, Pm sorry but we can't come to your party next Saturday. 2. Tlike this hotel room. You the mountains from the window. 3. You are speaking very quietly. 1 you. 4, Have you seen my suitcase? I it. 5. Catherine got the job because she five languages. 31.3 Complete these sentences. Use can’t or couldn't + one of these verbs: decide eat find go go sleep 1. Twas tired, but I couldn't sleqo . 2. Lwasn't hungry yesterday. 1 3. Angela doesn’t know what to do. She a 4. Lwanted to speak to Mark yesterday, but I him. to the concert next Saturday. He has to work. to the meeting last week. She was sick. my dinner. 31.4 What do you say in these situations? Use can or could. Use the words in parentheses ( ).UN | TRV ya She must be sick = Iam sure she is sick, it is clear that she is sick Must + base form (must be / must know, etc.) ‘We use must when we believe that something is true. = You worked ten hours today. You must be tired. = My brother has worked at your company for years. You must know him. m= My friends have the same zip code as you. They must live close to you. ‘= (on the telephone) This isn't the Smiths’? I'm sorry. I must have the wrong number. ‘We use must not when we believe that something is not true. ‘= The phone rang eight times and Karen didn’t answer. She must not be at home. '= Carlos takes the bus everywhere. He must not have a car. = The Silvas are always home on Friday. They must not work then. ‘Must also has another meaning, You must do something = it is necessary to do it = You must be careful with this knife. It's very sharp. m= Workers must wear safety glasses at this machine. = Inthe U.S., you must be 18 to vote. For the past (yesterday, last week, etc.), we use had to... . (not must). = They were in a dangerous situation. They had to be careful. (not They must be careful.) m= We had to wear safety glasses when we visited the factory last week. (not we must wear) ‘You must not do something = it is necessary not to do it, it is the wrong thing to do = Bicyclists must not ride on the sidewalk. (= they must ride in the street) = You must not be late for school again! [2 should unit 33 Ihave to... Unit 34Exercises UNI 32.1 32.2 323 324 325 Complete the sentences. Use must be + one of these: 32 for you good hungry inthe kitchen tired very happy 1, Silvia worked ten hours today. She mus? be tired It's evening and you haven't eaten anything all day. You It’s the most popular restaurant in town, so the food “Lgot the job!” “You did? That's great. You i ‘The phone's ringing. I know it’s not for me. It My keys aren’t in the living room, so they __ Complete the sentences. Use must + one of these: drink have know like work My brother has worked at your company for years. You _must know. him. Marilyn wears something blue every day. She the color blue. The Hills have six children and three dogs. They a big house. Mrs. Lee bought three gallons of milk at the store. Her childre a lot of milk. 5. Tknow Mrs, Romo has a job, but she’s always home during the day. She Beppe paca _ nights. Write must or must not. 1. (on the telephone) This isn't the Smiths’? I'm sorry. |_eust have the wrong number, 2. Carlos takes the bus everywhere. He must not have a car. 3. Brandon is very thin. He _ eat very much, 4, [never see my neighbor in the morning. He leave for work very early. $. Lalways have to repeat things when I talk to Kelly. She __ hear very well. 6. Jim wears the same clothes every day. He __ ave many clothes. 7. You have a cold and a fever? Poor thing! You —___ feel awful. Complete the sentences. Use must + one of these: be be get know take wear 1, In most of the U.S., you must be at least 16 to get a driver’ license. 2. For this job, you __ _ both English and Spanish. 3. People in the front seat of acar _ a seat belt. 4. High school students who want to go to college — 5. This highway is closed. Drivers ee 6. A tennis player — very good to play professionally. Write must, mustn't, or had to. 1. We mustn't forget to send Sam a birthday card. 2. We Aad to wear safety glasses when we visited the factory. ii — hurry or P'll be late. 4. “Why were you so late?” “I __ wait half an hour for the bus.” 5. Keep these papers in a safe place. You _ lose them. 6. Bicyclists _ ___ follow the same traffic rules as drivers. 7. We forget to turn off the lights when we leave. 8. I don’t usually work on Saturdays, but last Saturday I work. 65Laveen Should Should + base form (should do / should watch, etc.) do Lwelyou/they should stop he/she/it shouldn't go Ao watch, etc. You should do something = it is a good thing to do, itis the right thing to do = Tom should go to bed earlier. He goes to bed very late, and he’s always tired. t= It’s. good movie. You should go and see it. = When you play tennis, you should always watch the ball. Should I do something? = is it a good thing to do? = Should I invite Karen to dinner? = Should we buy something special for dinner? ‘You shouldn't do something = it is not a good thing to do (shouldn't = should not) = Tom shouldn't go to bed so late. = You watch TV all the time. You shouldn't watch TV so much. ‘We often use think with should. Tthink.... should... = [think Gary should buy some new clothes. (= I think it is a good idea.) @ It’s late. I think I should go home now. Idon't think... should . .. = Tdon’t think you should work so hard. {= [don’t think it is a good idea.) = Idon’t think we should go yet. It’s too early. Do you think ... should... ? © Do you think I should buy this coat? = What time do you think we should go home? Should is different from have to. = [should study tonight, but I think Pll go to the movies. = Thave to study tonight. I can’t go to the movies. Another way to say should is ought to. Tought to study tonight, but I think I'll go to the movies. (= I should study) = [think Gary ought to buy some new clothes. (= Gary should buy) Shallishould Unit 29 Can Unit 31 Must Unit 32 Have to Unit 34Exercises UNI 33.4 33.2 333 334 35 Complete the sentences. Use you should + one of these verbs: 33 brush go. read visit watch wear 1. When you play tennis, you should watch _______ the ball. 2. It’s late and you're very tired. to bed. a your teeth twice a day. 4. Ifyou have the Science Museum. It’s very interesting. 5. When you're driving, a seat belt. 6. Ita very good book. —_ it. Write about the people in the pictures. Use He/She shouldn’t...50.... You work 4 Idrive too fast. 1. She shoulda watch TV so much 3, ard, 2, He od You ask a friend for advice. Write questions with Do you think I should . 1, You are in a store. You are trying on a jacket. You ask your friend: (buy) De you think | should buy this jacket? — 2. You can’t drive. You ask your friend: (learn) Do you think 2 3. You don't like your job. You ask your friend: (get another job) 4, You are going to have a party. You ask your frien (invite Scott) Write sentences with / think . .. should or I don’t think . . . should. ‘We have to get up early tomorrow. / think we should go hame naw. (go home now) That coat is too big for you. / dant think yaw should buy it (buy it) You don’t need your car. (sell it) Diane needs a change. (take a trip) Karen and Don are too young. (get married) You're still sick. __ (go to work) James isn’t feeling well today. i {go to the doctor) This hotel is too expensive for us. __ (stay here) What do you think? Write sentences with should. | Think wher language _—_ Think canis ” 1 7 aie 3. Ithink 4, 5, Idon’t think — I think I should 67Thave to do something = it is necessary for me to do it, 1 am obliged to do it Uwelyou/they have eae = I'm going to be late for work tomorrow. I have to go to the dentist. = Kim starts work at 7 o'clock, so she has to get up at 6:00. = You have to pass a test before you can get a driver’ license, The past (yesterday / last week, etc.) is had to... = Iwas late for work yesterday. I had to go to the dentist. © We had to walk home last night. There were no buses. In questions and negatives we use do/does (present) and did (past). Present do I/welyou/they T/welyou/they don’t does he/shelic —-MAYE#O- helahelit doetan | MVE TO=-- Past Uwelyou/they Liwelyou/they did fe haveto...? ekhefit didn’t have to... What time do you have to go to the dentist tomorrow? = Does Kim have to work on Saturdays? = Why did they have to leave the party early? I don’t have to do something = it is not necessary to do it = I'm not working tomorrow, so I don’t have to get up early. = Da Ming doesn’t have to work very hard. He’s got an easy job. = We didn’t have to wait very long for the bus. must You can also use must to say it is necessary to do something. = You must pass a test before you can get a driver's license. = Inmany countries, men must do military service. We use have to more often than must, especially in spoken English. ‘mast Unit 32Exercises a, UNI 341 34.3 34.4 34 Complete the sentences. Use have to or has to + one of these verbs: hit read speak take travel wear 1. My eyes are not very good. Ihave to wear lasses. 2. At the end of the course, all the students a test. 3. Marta is studying literature. She a lot of books. 4. Alberto doesn’t understand much English. You _ i to him very slowly. 5. Kate is not at home much, She alot for her job. 6. Intennis you —_— the ball over the net. Complete the sentences. Use have to or had to + one of these verbs: answer buy change go take wake walle 1. We had to walk home last night. There were no buses. 2. Islate.I___________now. I'll see you tomorrow. 3. Lwent to the store after work yesterday. I some food. 4. This bus doesn’t go all the way downtown. You at First Avenue. 5. We took an exam yesterday. We six questions out of ten. 6. Pm going to bed early. 1 up early tomorrow. 7. Amy and her cousin can’t go out with us tonight. They care of Amy's little brother. Complete the questions. Some are present and some are past. 1. Thave to get up early tomorrow. [What time 0 you have fo getup? 2. Eric had to wait a long time. | How long 3. Liz has to go somewhere, | Where 4 Wehad-to pay alot of money, | How much 5 6 Thave to do some work. | What exactly They had to leave early. | Why Write sentences with don’t/doesn’t/didn't have to... 1. Why do you want to pay the bill now? You Se eee eee it now. 2. Why is Hannah waiting? She _ 5 3. Why did you get up early? You A 4. Why is Joel working so hard? He ‘ 5. Why do you want to leave now? We Write some things that you (or your friends or eau have to do or had to do. (every day) (tomorrow) __ (yesterday) (last week) (when T was younger) _ aeeeneWould you like...? I'd like Would you like... ? = Do you want... ? ‘We use Would you like. .. ? to offer things. mA: Would you like some coffee? B: No, thank you. = A: Would you like a piece of candy? B: Yes, thanks, = A: What would you like, tea or coffee? B: Tea, please. ‘We use Would you like to ... ? to invite somebody. ‘= Would you like to go for a walk? = A: Would you like to have dinner with us on Sunday? B: Yes, I'd love to. (= I would love to have dinner with you.) = What would you like to do tonight? I'd like . . . is a polite way to say “I want.” (I'd like = I would like) = I'm thirsty. P'd like a drink. = (ina tourist office) Vd like a road map, please. I'd like to watch the news on television tonight. Would you like... ? and Do you like... ? Would you like...?/I'dlike... Do you like...?/Ilike.. ‘Would you like Do you like coffee? some coffee? ‘Yes, thanks, on : Yes, Ido. & ; & ¢ Would you like some coffee? = Do you | Do you like coffee? = Do you think coffee want some coffee? is good? = A: Would you like to go to the movies | m A: Do you like to go to the movies? tonight? (= Do you want to go tonight?) (in general) B: Yes, I'd love to. B: Yes, I go to the movies a lot. i = Pd like an orange, please. (: an orange?) = What would you like to do next = What do you like to do on weekends? weekend? ‘an Ihave | m like oranges. (in general) Like t0 do andi like -ing Unit 33. A and some Units 68-69! would... something if... Unit 114Exercises UNI 35.1. What are the people in the aoa saying? Use Would you like... ? SD) 3 35.2 What do you say to Sue in these situations? Use Would you like to... ? and the words in parentheses ( ). 1, You want to go to the movies tonight. You hope Sue will go too. You say: (g0) Would you like to go to the movies tonight? os 2. You want to play tennis tomorrow. You hope Sue will play with you. Nou'eay: (play) toatl sa 3. You've got some vacation pictures. Sue hasn't seen them yet. ‘You say: (see) 4. You have an extra You say: (go) 5. It’s raining and Sue is going out. She doesn’t have an umbrella, but you have one. You say: (borrow) cet for a concert next week. You hope Sue will go with you. 35.3 aS right? 1 Would a piece of candy?” “Yes, thanks.” (Would you like is oe ) 2. “Do you like / Would you like bananas?” “Yes, [love them.” 3, "Bovou like Would vou like some icecream?” “No, thank you.” 4. “What do you like / would you like to drink?” “A glass of water, please.” “Do you like / Would you like to go out for a walk?” “Not now. Maybe later.” 6 rhike/ Pd like tomatoes, but I don’t eat them very often. 7. What time do you like / would you like to have dinner tonight? 8. “Do you like / Would you like something to eat?” “No, thanks. I'm not hungry.” 9. “Do you like / Would you like your new job?” “Yes, I'm enjoying it.” 10. I'm tired. Llike /P'd like to go to sleep now. nAngela likes to sit on the floor. She doesn’t want to sit on a chait. So she says: Pd rather sit on the floor. (= I would prefer to sit on the floor.) I'd rather . .. = I would rather . I would rather do something = I would prefer to do something Positive Negative Question I don't really want to go out. I'd rather stay home. (= I'd prefer to stay home.) “Should we go now?” “No, I'd rather wait until later.” I want to go now, but Tom would rather wait until later. Idon’e like to be late, I'd rather be early. I'm feeling tired. I'd rather not go out tonight. (= I'd prefer not to go out.) Beth is feeling tired. She'd rather not go out tonight. We're not hungry. We'd rather not eat yet. “Do you want to go out tonight?” “Pd rather not.” (= I'd rather not go out.) “Would you rather have milk or juice?” “Juice, please.” Which would you rather do ~ go to the movies or watch a video at home? ‘We say “Pd rather do something.” (not to do something) = ['d rather sit on the floor. (not I'd rather to sit) ® Beth would rather not go out. (not would rather not to go) But we say “I'd prefer to do something.” = [‘d prefer to sit on the floor. = Beth would prefer not to go out. You can say “Pd rather... than...” I'd rather go out than stay home. m= Pd rather have a dog than a cat. = We'd rather go to the movies than watch a video at home. = ['d rather be at home right now than here. Prefer Unit 53Exercises 36.1 36.2 36.3 36.4 Look at the pictures and complete B's sentences. Use I'd rather... No, thanks. /d rather sit =) 1. Would you like to sit here? “(onthe floor. 2. Do you want to watch TV? No, I my book. =) ‘Well, z ve) if you have some. ee 3. Would you like some tea? 4. Should we go out now? until it stops raining, Complete these questions. Use would you rather... . 1. Do you want to go out, or would you rather stay - home? 2. Should we have dinner now, or eff oe later? 3. Would you like a glass of iced tea, or nc ac water? 4, Do you want to go to the movies, or TV? Complete the sentences with a verb. Sometimes you need to. 1. Pd rather stay _ __ home tonight. I'd prefer not to go out. 2. Should we walk home, or would you rather taxi 3. Do you want me to go with you, or would you prefer alone? 4, Vera doesn’t want to go to college. She'd rather ajob. 5. “Can Thelp you with your suitcase?” “No, thanks. I'd rather _ it myself.” 6. Pdrather not —_him. I'd prefer — him a letter. Write sentences about yourself with I'd rather... than. 1. Which would you prefer to be ~ a bus driver or an aii Id rather be an airplane pilot than a bus driver 2. Which would you prefer to be — a journalist or a teacher? Pd rather a = 3. Where would you prefer to live — pilot? a big city or a small town? 4, Which would you prefer to have ~ a cat or a dog? 5. What would you prefer to study — electronics or philosophy?Do this! Don’t do that! Let's do this! = “Come here and look at this!” “What is it?” = [don’t want to talk to you. Go away! ® Please wait for me. m= Please be quiet. I'm working. = Goodbye. Have a nice time. The negative is don’t. . . (don't come/go/do/wait/be, etc.). (don't = do not) m Stay here. Please don’t go. = Don't be silly! = Be careful! Don't fall. You can say Lets... when you want people to do things with you. (lets = let us) = Itsanice day. Let’s go out. (= you and I can go out) ‘We use let's + base form (let’s go/do/have, etc.). = Come on! Let's dance. l= Are you ready? Let's go. = Let’s have fish for dinner tonight. = “Should we go out tonight?” “No, I'm tired. Let’s stay home.” ‘The negative is let's not... @ It's cold. Let’s not go out. Let’s stay home. ® Let's not have fish for dinner, Let’s have chicken.Exercises 37.1. Look at the pictures. What are the people sayii positive (go/eat, etc.) and sometimes it is neg: these verbs: rsoneinesnesenncas BA (don’t go /don't eat, etc.). Use buy come drink sit sleep smile talk turn P firwoemane, > OR 37.2 Complete the sentences. Use No, let's. .. + one of these: goforaswim go toarestaurant take the bus wait watch TV Would you like to play tennis? Do you want to drive downtown? Shall we go to the movies? Should we have dinner at home? ‘Would you like to begin now? Zz No lets go for a swim. maa) No, a= | 37.3 Answer with No, don’t... or No, let's not... ea Nee eee Shall I wait for you? Should we go home now? Shall we go out? Should I close the door? Should I call you tonight? Should we wait for Dave? Shall I turn on the light? Should we take a taxi? Neo, don't wait for me. Na let's not ga home now. 75UNS There is/are ‘There's a man on the roof. There's a train at 10:30. There are seven days in a week. ‘There's a big tree in the yard. ‘There's a good movie on TV tonight. A: Do you have any money? B: Yes, there's some in my wallet. A: Excuse me, is there a hotel near here? B: Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t. ‘We can’t go skiing. There isn’t any snow. There are some big trees in the yard. There are a lot of accidents on this road. A: Are there any mistakes in my letter? B: Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t. This restaurant is very quiet. There aren't many people here. = How many players are there on a soccer team? m= There are 11 players on a soccer team. there is and it is there is itis There’s a book on the table. (not Ie’ a book on the table.) | [like fi89660R . FS funny. (it = this book) Compare: “What's that noise?” “It’s a train,” (it = that noise) ‘There’s a train at 10:30. It’s a fast train. (it = the 10:30 train) = There's a lot of salt in this soup. I don’t like this soup. Its too salty. (it= this soup) There was | were |has been, etc. Unit 39 Itand there Unit 40 Some and any Unit 77,Exercises 38.1. Springfield is a small town. Write sentences about Springfield with There is/are or There isn’t/aren’t. Use the information in the box. 1. A golf course? No There isn't-a golf course. 2. Any restaurants? Yes (alot) | 2. There are a lot of restaurants 3. A hospital? Yes 4. A swimming pool? No 5. Any movie theaters? Yes (two) 6. A university? No 7. Any big hotels?___No Nav aeR 38.2 Write about your town (or a town that you know). Use There is/are/isn‘t/aren't. 1. There are a few restaurants 4. 2. There's a big park 5. — es es 6 oa 38.3 Write there is / there isn’t /is there / there are/ there aren’t/are there. 1, Springfield isn’t an old town. There aren't any old buildings. 2. Look! m ___a picture of your brother in the newspaper! 3. “Excuse me, a bank near here?” “Yes, at the end of the block.” 4 wos ____— five people in my family: my parents, my two sisters, and me. 5. “How many students in the class?” “Twenty.” 6. “Can we take a picture?” “No, any film in the camera.” 7 __a bus downtown from the airport?” “Yes. Every 20 minutes.” 8 any problems?” “No, everything is OK.” 9 =n nowhere to sit down, “any chairs. 38.4. Write sentences with There are. Choose from the boxes. seven twenty-six | [days planets] [ahockey team the English alphabet nine thirty days players | | aweek the solar system eleven _ fifty letters states} | September __the USA 1. There are seven days in.a week. 2 _ 3. 4, Ee 5. 6. 38.5 Write there's /is there / it's /is it. 1. “ There's a flight at 10:30.” “Js a non-stop flight?” 2. I'm not going to buy this shirt. too expensive. 3. “What's wrong?” “ something in my eye.” 4 a red car outside the house. yours? 52 anything good on TV tonight?” “Yes, a movie at 8:00.” 6. 7 “What's that building?” — a school.” * a restaurant in this hotel?” “No, I’m sorry.” 38there will be WaMu) There was/were_ there has been/have been there was/were (past) There is a train every hour. Tr’s 11:15 now, ‘There was a train at 11 o'clock. Compare: there is/are (present) m= There is a good movie on TV tonight. m= Weare staying at a big hotel. There are 1,250 rooms. m= Are there any phone messages for me today? = I'm hungry, but there isn’t anything to cat there was/were (past) = There was a good movie on TV last night. ‘We stayed at a very big hotel. There were 1,250 rooms. m= Were there any phone messages for me yesterday? = When I got home, I was hungry, but there wasn't anything to eat. there has been / have been (present perfect) Look! There’s been an accident. (there's been = there has been) This road is very dangerous. There have been a lot of accidents here. Compare there was (past): ‘There was an accident last night. (not There has been an accident last night.) For present perfect and simple past, see Unit 19. Do you think there will be a lot of people ‘at the party on Saturday? ‘The manager of the company is leaving, so there will be a new manager soon, ’m going away tomorrow. I’m packing my things today because there won't be time tomorrow. (there won't be = there will not be) Wasiwere Unit 10 Hasthave been Units 16, 19-21 Will Unit 28 There isiare Unit 38 There and it Units 38, 40 Somelany Unit 77Exercises UNI 39.1. Look at the two pictures. The room is empty now. What was in the room last 3 9 week? Write sentences with There was... . or There were... + one of these: clock an armchair a sofa some flowers acoffee table a rug some books three 1, There was a clock on the wall near the window. 2. on the floor. Bs on the wall near the door. 4. in the middle of the room. S. on the table. 6 on the shelves. a in the corner near the door. a opposite the armchair. 39.2. Write there was / there wasn’t / was there / there were / there weren't / were there. 1. Iwas hungry but _rhere wasnt anything to eat. 2, _Were there any phone messages for me yesterday? 3. a soccer game on TV last night. Did you see it? 4, “We stayed at a very nice hotel.” “Really? ___a swimming pool?” 5. “Did you buy any cherries?” “No, —_any at the store.” 6. « ‘many people at the meeting?” “No, very few.” 7. We didn’t visit the museum. _ enough time. 8. P'm sorry I’m late. a lot of traffic. 9. Twenty years ago many tourists here, Now there are a lot. 39.3 Write there + is / are / was / were / has been / have been / will be. 1. There was a good movie on TV last night. a ____ twenty-four hours in a day. 3. a party at work last Friday, but I didn’t go. 4. “Where can I buy a newspaper?” “ ‘a newsstand at the end of the block.” 5. “Why are those police officers outside the bank?” * a robbery.” 6. When we gor to the theater, a long line outside. 7. When you arrive tomorrow, somebody at the airport to meet you. 8. Ten years ago = five hundred children at the school. Now more than a thousand. 9. Last week I went back to the town where I was born. It’s very different now. a lot of changes. 10, [think everything will be OK. I don't think any problems. 79Time = What time is it? Its half past ten. am Ie late. um Irs time to go home. What day is it? It’s Thursday. mw It’s March 16%, It was my birthday yesterday. Distance = Its three kilometers from our house to the mall = How far is it from New York to Los Angeles? = Ir’sa long way from here to the airport. pi a = We can walk home. It isn’t far. VB ‘We use far in questions (is it far?) and negatives (it isn’t far). ‘We use a long way in positive sentences (it’s a long way). Weather mw Its raining. m Itrains a lot here. It isn’t raining. It didn’t rain yesterday. Is it snowing? Does it snow very often? = [es warm/hot/cold/nice/cloudy/clear/dry/humid/windy! sunny/foggy/dark, Irs nice day today. Compare it and ther @ [trains a lot in the winter. m It was very windy yesterday. It’s very rainy in the winter. ‘There was a strong wind yesterday. There is a lot of rain in the winter. Tes nice to... ee. ceasy/difficult/impossible/dangerous/safe) = Ws cspensive/intereting/nice/wonderful/terrible, exe. "°°" m= t’s nice f0/see you again. (it = to see you again) = It’s impossible to understand her. (it = to understand her) = It wasn’t easy to find your house. (it = to find your house) Don't forget to use it. = It’s raining again, (not Is raining again) @ Isit true that you are moving to Australia? (not Is true that. . .?) There is Unit 38Exercises 40.1. Write about the weather in the pictures. Use It's... SS 1. What time js (¢_? twelve kilometers from 2, We must go now. very late. downtown to the airport. 3. _ true that Bill can fly a helicopter? 7. “Do you want to walk to the restaurant?” 4. “What day today? Tuesday?” “I don't know. How far Pe “No, Wednesday.” 8. ___ Linda's birthday today. She’s 27. st ‘OK to call you at the office? 9. T don’t believe it! impossible. 40.3 Write questions with How far... ? 1, (here / the station) Howe far is it fram here to the station? 2. (the hotel / the beach) How a > 3. (New York / Washington) 4, (your house / the airport) 40.4 Write it or there. 1. rains a lot in the winter, 6. Lwas afraid because __was very dark. 2. There. was.a strong wind yesterday. 7. was a storm last night. Did 3. _____ was a nice day yesterday. you hear it? 4, We can’t go skin isn'tany snow. 8. ___’sa long way from here to the 5. ___‘shot in this room. Open a window. nearest gas station. 40.5 Complete the sentences. Choose from the boxes. easy dangerous work in this office gerup-early. its | diffiewle nice to | visit different places go out alone impossible interesting see you again make friends . If you go to bed late, 1s difficult to 961 op ately in the morning. Hello, fill. How are you? ___ There is too much noise. sverybody is very nice at work, . Hike traveling, . Some cities are not safe. __ _ at night. 81SR Jam, I don't, etc. rT ny aT) A Do you like ta? ca eS 0 Ss i Yes, Ido, \ . She isn’t tired, but he is. He likes tea, but she doesn't. (= he is tired) (= she doesn’t like tea) In these examples, it is not necessary to repeat some words (he is tired, she doesn't like tea). You can use these verbs in the same way. am/is/are = Thaven’t seen the movie, but my sister has. (= She has seen the movie.) = A: Please help me. B: I'm sorry. I can't. (= [can’t help you.) doldoesidia = 4 Are you tired? ie B: L was, but I’m not now. (= I was tired, but I’m not tired now.) wil _—® 4: Do you think Marta will call tonight? fat B: She might. (= she might call) ae i m A: Are you going to study tonight? B: Ishould, but I probably won't. (= Ishould study, but I probably won’t study.) You cannot use ’m/’s!"ve, etc. (short forms) in this way. You must use am/is/have, etc. t= She isn’t tired, but he is. (not .. . but he’s) But you cam use isn’t/haven't/won't, etc. (negative short forms). m= My sister has seen the movie, but I haven't. m= “Are you and Jim working tomorrow?” “I am, but Jim isn't.” You can use I am / I’m not, etc., after Yes and No. = “Are you tired?” “Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.” = “Will Alan be here tomorrow?” “Yes, he will. / No, he won't.” = “Is there a bus to the airport?” “Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.” We use do/does for the simple present (see Units 6-7). = I don’t like hot weather, but Megan does. (= Megan likes hot weather.) = Megan works hard, but I don't. (= I don’t work hard.) = “Do you enjoy your work?” “Yes, I do.” We use did for the simple past (see Unit 12). = A: Did you and John like the movie? : I did, but John didn’t. (= I liked it, but John didn't like it.) = “Ihad a good time.” “I did too.” (= I had a good time too.) m= “Did it rain yesterday?” “No, it didn’t.” You have? / have you?, etc. Unit 42 So.am!/ neither do, etc.Exercises UNI a4 41.2 413 414 a5 416 Complete these sentences. Use only one verb (is/have/can, etc.) each time. 4 7 1, Kate wasn’t hungry, but we ivere . 4, Ihaven’t read the book, but Ed. 2. Pmnot married, but my sister + 5. Ken won't be here, but Sue 3. Bill can’t help you, but I _. 6, You weren’t late, but I Complete these sentences with a negative verb (isn‘t/haven't/can't, etc.). 1, Sam can play the piano, but I_cn't_. 4. Bob has been to China, but I 2. Marta is working today, but I . 5. I'm ready to go, but Tom 3. Twas working, but my friends __._ 6, P’ve seen the movie, but Kim Complete these sentences with do/does/did or don’t/doesn’t/didn't. 1, Ion’ like hot weather, but Megan. does 2. Megan likes hot weather, but |_ dont 3. My mother wears glasses, but my father 4. You don’t know Paul very well, but 1 5 6 I didn’t enjoy the party, but my friends Idon’t watch TV much, but Peter _ 7. Kate lives in Canada, but her parents 8. You had breakfast this morning, but I ‘Complete the sentences. Write about yourself and other people. 1. I didn’t go out last night. but my friends did. 2. Vike SESS, but ee 3. Idon’e » but z 4. 0m ae : 5. Thaven’t Write a verb - positive or negative. 1, “Are you tired?” “I_was earlier, but I'm not now.” 2. Fu Chen is happy today, but he yesterday. . The stores aren't open yet, but the post office . Idon’t have a video camera, but I know somebody who . I would like to help you, but I'm sorry, I . don’t usually go to work by car, but I Have you ever been to Alaska? No, but Sandra - She went there on vacation last year. 8. “Do you and Luke watch TV a lot?” “I ___, but Luke doesn’t. 9. “Do you think Diane will pass her driving test?” “Yes, I'm sure she 0. “Are you going out tonight?” “I -Idon’t know for sure.” yesterday. NaEee i Answer these questions about yourself. Use Yes, ! have. /No, I'm not. etc. 1. Are you Canadian? Vo /m not — 6, Do you like classical music? = 2. Do you have a car? 7. Will you be in Rome tomorrow? 3. Is it snowing? 8. Have you ever been to Oslo? 4. Do you feel OK? 9. Did you go out last night? 5. Are you hungry? 10. Were you asleep at 1:00 A.M.SI) You have? / have you? ny you are? /are you?, etc. ‘T've decided to buy a new car. ‘I'm writing a book. don't like Eric, Oh, you have? ‘You are? What about? ‘You don't? Why not? You can say you have? / you are? / you don't?, etc., to show that you are interested or surprised. = “You're late.” “Iam? I'm sorry.” “Twas sick last week.” “You were? I didn’t know that.” “It's raining again.” “It is? It was sunny ten minutes ago.” “There's a letter for you.” “There is? Where is it?” “Bill can’t drive.” “He can’t? I didn’t know that.” “I'm not hungry.” “You aren't? I am.” “Sue isn’t at work today.” “She isn’t? Is she sick?” Use do/does for the simple present and did for the simple past. = “Ispeak four languages.” “You do? Which ones?” = “Tom doesn’t eat meat.” “He doesn’t? Does he eat fish?” = “Nicole got married last week.” “She did? Really?” Tag questions You can use have you? / is it? / can’t (Sa nice! she?, etc, at the end of a sentence. day sft it? These “mini-questions” are called tag questions. A positive sentence—>a negative tag question ‘Iva nice day, isn't it? Yes, it’s perfect. Karen lives in Seattle, doesn't she? Yes, that’s right. ‘You closed the window, didn’t you? —_Yes, I did. Those shoes are nice, aren'tthey? —_Yes, very nice. ‘Tom will be here soon, won'the? __Yes, probably. A negative sentence— a positive tag question _—Thatiisn't your car, is it? No, my car is white. ‘You haven’t met my mother, have you? No, I haven't. Lucia doesn’t have a car, does she? No, she doesn’t. You won't be late, will you? —_No, I’m never late.Exercises WAN 424 2.3 24 Answer with You do? / She doesn’t? / They did?, etc. 42 1 I speak four languages. Which ones? 2 Twork in a bank. — I work in a bank too, 3. I didn’t go to work yesterday. Were you sick? 4. Paula doesn’t like me. Why nor? s You look tired. feel fine. 6. Julia called me last night. What did she say? _) Answer with You have? / You haven't? / She did? / She didn’t?, etc. Z 1. Pvedecided to buy anew ear, [You have? What kind? 2. Tim doesn’t eat meat. | He doesn? — Does he eat fish? 3) Pve already had dinner. | _ When did you have it last? 4 Sue can’t drive. She should learn. s. Iwas born in Italy. | ______ I didn’t know that. 6 I didn’t sleep well last night. Was the bed uncomfortable? | 7. ‘There's a good movie on TV. ‘Are you going to watch it? 8. I'm not happy. Why nov? 9% Isaw Amy last week. __ How is she? 10. Anne works in a factory. ‘What kind of factory? uM. I won't be here next week. Where will you be? 12. The clock isn’t working. __ It was working yesterday. Complete these sentences with a tag question (isn’t it? / haven't you?, etc). Yes, it’s beautiful. Yes, what kind are they? Yes, but I didn’t speak to her. ‘Yes, many times. Yes, but not very well. Yes, he works very hard, Yes, of course I It’s a nice day, isnt it These flowers are nice, - Anne was at the party, You've been to Chile, You speak Thai, Bill looks tired, (You'll help me, Newser Complete these sentences. Use a positive tag question (is it? /do you? ete.) or a negative tag question (isn’t it? / don’t you?, etc.). You haven’t eaten yet, have you ?\ No, Pm not hungry. You aren't tired, ___?| No, I feel fine. Mary is a very nice person, 2| Yes, everybody likes her. You can play the piano, You don’t know Mike’s sister, __ John went to college, __ The movie wasn't very good, Anne lives near you, You won't tell her what I said, Yes, but i'm not very good. No, P've never met her. Yes, she studied economics. No, it was terrible, Yes, just a few blocks away. No, of course not. | 85Too/either and so am I / neither do |, etc. too and either We use too and either at the end of a sentence. We use too after a positive verb. ‘We use either after a negative verb. = A: T'm happy. = A: P'm not happy. B: I'm happy too. (or Iam too.) B: I'm not happy either. A: Iliked the movie. (or P'm not either.) B: [liked it too. (or I did too.) mA: Tcan’t cook. = Mei Lan isa doctor. Her husband isa | —B: I can’t either. doctor too. (or Her husband is too.) | m Bill doesn’t watch TV. He doesn't read newspapers either. so am I/ neither do I, ete. I'm happy. Pm not happy. ‘Neither am 1. N so am I= Iam too neither am I = I'm not either so do I = I do too (ete.) neither can I = I can’t either (etc.) Thaven't been to China, Neither have I. (= I haven't either.) mA: P'm working. B: So am I. (= ’'m working too.) A: Iwas late for work today. = A: Anne can't cook. B: So was John. (= John was late too.) Neither can Tom. m= A: Thave a key. = Tom can't either) B: So do I. @ A:T won't (= will not) be here = A: We went to the movies last night. tomorrow. B: You did? So did we. B: Neither will 1. = A: Td like to go to Australia. = A: [never go to the movies. B: So would I. B: Neither do I. Remember: so am I (ot so I am), neither have I (not neither I have) Fam, Idon’t, ete. Unit a1Exercises 43.1 43.2 43.3 Write too or either. 43 i Pmhappy. (Pm happy too a Tm not hungry. | I’m not hungry 3. T'm going out. | I'm going out 4. It rained on Saturday. | It rained on Sunday 5. Gloria can’tride a bicycle. | She can’t drive a car 6. Idon’t like to go shopping. | I don’t like to go shopping 7. Tracy's mother isa teacher. | Her father is a teacher : Answer with So... (So am 1/So do I/So can, etc.). ss I went to bed late last night. T'm thirsty. ve already read this book. Tneed a vacation. Pl be late tomorrow, I was very tired this morning. Soke Answer with Neither... I 7 can't go to the party. 8. I didn’t call Alex last night. By Thaven’t eaten lunch yet. 10. I'm not going out tonight. iL. I don’t have much time. You are talking to Maria. Write true sentences about yourself. Where possible, use So... 1 or Neither ... I. Look at these examples carefully: I'm tired today. You can say: Soaml, or Pm not, £ 1 don’t work ce very hard. 1. Vols ccc 2 Ican ride a bicycle. 3) I'm not American, 4 like to cook. aia 5. 6, 7. 8 Idon’t like cold weather, | a are Tslept well last night. T’ve never been to India. I don’t write letters very often. 9. T'm going out tomorrow night. 10. T wasn’t sick last week, ag 11. Ididn’t watch TV last night. - - 12. 1 go to the movies a lot. RU 87UDERE Isn’t...,haven't...,don't..., etc. ¥Y') (Negatives) rN ‘We use not (n't) in negative sentences. Positive > Negative I'm not tired. Ic isn't (or Irs not) raining. They aren’t (or They're not) here. Brian wasn’t hungry. The stores weren't open. Thaven't finished my work. Sue hasn't been to Mexico. ‘We won't be here tomorrow. Eric ean't drive. Teouldn’t sleep last night. ‘You shouldn't work so hard. I wouldn't like to be an actor. ‘They must not have a car. [3 don't/doesn’t/didn't Simple present negative Simple past earnest do i) Positive > Negative Sometimes do is the main verb, Simple Present Negative Unit 6 EET Don’t! Unit 37. Why isn’tidon’t imple Past Negative Unit 12 2? Unit 45Exercises 44.1. Make these sentences negative. 1, He's gone out. He hasn't gone out 4. It’s cold today 2. They're married. 5. We'll be late. 3. I've had dinner. 6. You should go. 44.2. Make these sentences negative. Use don’t/doesn’t/didn’t. 1. She saw me. She didn't see me. 4. He lives here. 2. [like cheese. ran 5. Go away! 3. They understood. 6. Idid the dishes. x 44,3 Make these sentences negative. 1. She can swim. She can? swim. 6. He'll be pleased. eiuee 2. They've arrived. 7 7, Call me tonight. s 3. Twent to the bank. 8. Itrained yesterday. ’ 4. He speaks Japanese. 9. Icould hear them. __ re 5. We were angry. 10. I have a camera. 44.4 Complete these sentences with a negative verb (isn‘t/haven’t/don't, etc). 1. They aren’t rich. They don have much money. . “Would you like something to eat?” “No, thank you. I hungry.” find my glasses. Have you seen them? write letters very often. He prefers to use the phone. 2. 3, 4. 5. We can walk to the station from here. It very far. 6. “Where’s Kim?” “1 know. I ies seen her today.” 7. Be careful! fall! ee have a ticket, so I couldn't go to the concert. 9. I've been to Japan many times, but I __ been to Korea. 10. Julia be here tomorrow. She's going away. 11, “Who broke that window?” “Not me. I do it.” 12. We didn’t see what happened. We looking at the time. 45 You ask Gary some questions. He oes answers “Yes” or “No.” Write sentences ae about Gary, positive or negative. Are you married? No. © 1. He isn't married. Do you live in Los Angeles? Yes. 2._He /ivas in Los Angeles. Were you born in Los Angeles? No. Do you like Los Angeles? No. Would you like to live someplace else? Yes. Can you drive? Yes. Have you traveled abroad? No. Do you read newspapers? No. ‘Are you interested in politics? No. Do you watch TV at night? Yes. Did you watch TV last night? No. Did you go out last night? Yes. Senay ayIs it... ?, Have you... ?, Do they... ?, etc. Positive You, are You are eating. Question at) YO Are you eating? What are you eating? Positive Question subject + verb verb + subject I amlate. = Am Llate? That seat is free. - Is that seat free? She was angry. Why was she angry? David has gone out. > Where has David gone? You have been to Japan. > Haye you been to Japan? They will be here soon. > When will they be here? Paula can swim. - Can Paula swim? Be careful with word order ~ the subject is after the first verb. m= Where has David gone? (not Where has gone David?) Are those people waiting for something? (not Are waiting ...?) = When was the telephone invented? (nor When was invented . ..?) do...?/does...?/did...? Simple present questions 480 Uwelvoulthey ects Simple past questions — did. youlshelthey etc.) Positive Question They workhard. > Do they work hard? ‘You watch television. -> How often do you watch television? Chris has a car = Does Chris have a car? She gets up carly. > What time does she get up? They worked hard. > Did they work hard? You haddinner © > + Whatdid you _ have for dinner? She got up early, + What time did she get up? Sometimes do is the main verb (do you do / did he do, etc.). = What do you usually do on weekends? “What does your brother do?” “He works in a bank.” = “Ibroke my finger last week.” “How did you do that?” Why isn't... ?/ Why don't... 2, etc. (Why + negative) = Where's Pedro? Why isn’t he here? (not Why he isn’t here?) = Why can’t Ratana come to the meeting tomorrow? (not Why Ratana can’t. . . 2) = Why didn’t you call me last night? ‘Simple Present Questions Unit 7 Simple Past Questions Unit 12 Questions Units 46-47 Whatiwhichthow.... ? Units 48-49Exercises 45.1 45.2 45.3 454 Write questions. Ican swim. (and you?) Can you swim? _ Iwork hard. (and Jim?) Does Jim work was late this morning. (and you?) ve had lunch. (and Anne?) T'll be here tomorrow. (and you?) I'm going out tonight. (and Paul?) _ Ilike my job. (and you?) _ . Tlive near here. (and Nicole?) 9. [enjoyed the movie. (and you?) 10. Thad a nice vacation. (and you?) you g PNA eee You are talking to a friend about 1. { (have /a car?) Do you awa? Yes, Ido. 2. | (use / a lot?) — Yes, almost every day. 3. | (use / yesterday?) — Yes, to go to work. 4. | (enjoy driving?) Not very much, 5. | (a good driver?) —_ Ithink Tam. 6. ((ever /have /an accident?) No, never. Put the words in the right order. All the sentences are questions. 1, (has / gone / where / David?) Where has David gone? 2. (working / Rachel / is / today?) _/s Rachel working today? 3. (the children / what / are / doing?) What 4, (made / is / how / cheese?) 5. (to the party / coming / is / your sister?) _ 6. (you / the truth / tell / don’t / why?) 7. (your guests / have / yet / arrived?) 8. (leave / what time / your plane / does?) 9. (your car / in the accident / was / damaged?) 10. (to work / Anne / why / go / didn’t?) Complete the questions. 1 Twant to go out, {Where do you want fo go 2. Aland Joe aren't going to the party. | Why aren? they going 3 Pm reading. | What _ 4 Sue went to bed early, | What time 5. My parents are going on vacation. | When _ 6. Isaw Toma few days ago. | Where 7. Tcan't come to the party. | Why a Ineed some money. | How much 9. Angela doesn’t like me. | Why 10. It sometimes rains. | How often u Idid the shopping. | When 91Who saw you?’ Who did you see? Sylvia saw Paul. ‘Who saw Paul? Sylvia. (Sylvia saw him.) ‘Who did Sylvia see? Paul, (She saw Paul.) — \Q ~ (Sia saw Pal. subject object [WWHB) did Sytvia see? Sylvia. (Sylvia saw him.) Paul. (She saw Paul.) Who is the subject. Who is the object. Paul is the object. Sylvia is the subject. In these questions, who/what is the subject: ‘Who lives in this house? (= somebody lives in it ~ who?) (riot Who does live) ‘1 What happened? (= something happened ~ what?) (not What did happen?) What's happening? (What's = What is) Who's got my car keys? (Who's = Who has) In these questions, who/what is the object: = Who did you meet yesterday? (= you met somebody ~ who?) = What did Paul say? (= Paul said something ~ what?) = Who are you calling? = What was Sylvia wearing? Compare: ‘= Justin likes chocolate. > Who likes chocolate? — Justin. What does Justin like? ~ Chocolate. = Lucas won some money. -* Who won some money? ~ Lucas. ‘What did Lucas win? — Some money. ‘Use who for people (somebody). Use what for things, ideas, ete. (something). = Who is your favorite singer? = What is your favorite song? Questions Units 45,47. What... 2, Which... 2, How... ? Unit 48Exercises 46.1. Write questions with who or what. In these questions, who/what is the subject. aekeRe Somebody broke the window. {Who broke the window? Something fell off the shelf. | What Somebody wants to see you. Somebody took my umbrella, ‘Something made me sick. Somebody is coming. bought something. {What did you buy? Somebody lives in this house. ves in this house? called somebody. Something happened last night. Somebody knows the answer. Somebody did the dishes. Jane did something. Something woke me up. Somebody saw the accident. Tsaw somebody. Somebody has my pen. This word means something. Ilost XXXXX yesterday, but fortunately XXXXX found it and gave it back to me. XXXXX called me last night. She wanted XXXXX. I needed some advice, so I asked XXXXX. He said XXXXX. Thear that XXXXX got married last week. XXXXX told me, I met XXXXX on my way home tonight. She told me XXXXX. Steve and I played tennis yesterday. XXXXX won. After the game, we XXXXX. It. was my birthday last week, and I got some presents. XXXXX_ gave me a book, and Catherine gave me XXXXX.Su Who is she talking to? What is it like? Julia is talking to somebody. [WWHG is she talking (83)? preposition In questions beginning Who... ?/ What... ?/ Where... ?/ Which... 2, prepositions (to/from/with, etc.) usually go at the end. “Where are you from?” “I'm from Thailand.” “John was afraid.” “What was he afraid of?” “Who do these books belong to?” “They're mine.” “Tom’s father is in the hospital.” “Which hospital is he in?” “Kate is going on vacation.” “Who is she going with?” “Can we talk?” “Sure. What do you want to talk about?” What's it like? / What are they like?, ete. ‘What's it like? = What is it like? What's it like? = tell me something about it (is it good or bad?, big or small2, old or new?, ete.) When we say, “What is it like?,” like is a preposition. It is not the verb like. (Do you like your new house?) m= A: There’s a new restaurant near my = A: Imet Nicole’s parents yesterday. house. B: You did? What are they like? B: What's it like? Is it good? A: They're very nice. A: I don’t know. [haven't eaten there yet. m 4: Did you have a good vacation? = A: What's your new teacher like? What was the weather like? B: She’s really good. We learn a lot. Bz Tt was great. It was sunny every day. Questions Units 45-46 What... ?, Which... 2,How...? Unit 48 Prepositions Units 101-108Exercises UNI I gave the money to XXXXX. ‘The book was written by XXXXX. 47.1 You want the missing information (XXXXX). Write questions with Who or What. 4 7 1. The letter is from XXXXX. “Wha is the letter thom? 2. Pmlooking for a XXXXX. &, I went to the movies with XXXXX. 4. The movie was about XXXXX. 5, 6 47.2. Complete the questions about the pictures. Use one of these verbs + a preposition: listen look talk talk wait write 1. Who is she talking to 2, What___ 3. Who 47.3 Write questions with Which. 1 ‘Tom’s father is in the hospital. Which hospital is he in? 2 We stayed at a hotel. ety ont BS Jack belongs to a tennis club. 4. Twent to high school in this town. 47.4 You want some information about another country. You ask somebody who has been there. Ask questions with What is/are... like? 1, {the roads) What are the roads ike? 3. (the people) 2. (the food) 4. (the weather) 41.5. Ask questions with What was/were .... like? 1, Your friend has just come back from a trip. Ask about the weather. What was the weather lke? 2. Your friend has just come back from the movies. Ask about the movie. 3. Your friend has just finished a computer course. Ask about the classes. 4, Your friend has just come back from a business trip. Ask about the hotel,What... ?, Which... ?,andHow...? . ‘what + noun (What color... ?/ What kind . ..?, etc.) = What color is your car? & What color are your eyes? ‘= What size is this shirt? = What nationality is she? = What day is it today? = What time is it? j= What kind of job do you want? (or What type of job. . .?) what without a noun = What's your favorite color? = What do you want to do tonight? which + noun (things or people) = Which train did you catch ~ the 9:50 or the 10:30? m= Which doctor did you see - Doctor Vega, Doctor Gray, or Doctor Hill? ‘We use which without a noun for things, not people. a Which is bigger - Canada or Australia? ‘We use who for people (without a noun). = Who is taller — Bill or Sam? (not Which is taller?) What or which? ‘We use which when we are thinking about a small number of possibilities (perhaps two, three, or four). ‘= We can go this way or that way. Which way should we go? = There are four umbrellas here. Which is yours? ‘What is more general. ‘= What is the capital of Argentina? (of all the cities in Argentina) | What kind of music do you like? (of all kinds of music) Compare: = What color are his eyes? (not Which color . Which color do you prefer, pink or yellow? = What is the longest river in the world? Which is the longest river ~ the Mississippi, the Amazon, or the Nile? ) How...? = “How was the party last night?” “It was great.” = “How do you usually get to work?” “By bus.” You can use how + adjectiveladverb (how tall / how old / how site, ete, - fais it from here to the airport?” “Ten miles. often do you use your car?” “Every day.” long have they been married?” “Ten years. much was the taxi?” “Ten dollars.” Questions Units 45-47 How long does it take... ? Unit 49 Which one(s)? Unit 76Exercises 48.1 48.3 Write questions with What... ? This shirt is nice. { (size) What size is (#2 Iwanta job. | (kind) Waa? kind af jab da-you want? Te got a new sweater. | (color) What___"_"_— 1 got up early this morning. | (time) get up? itemise | (type) I want to buy a car. aveepe Complete the questions. Use Which Write What, Which, or Who. » hat _is that man’s name? 6 is your favorite sport? Which way is it? Left or right? 7 is cheaper, meat or fish? Tea or coffee? do you prefer? 8. is older, Anne or Justin? 9 0. *___ day is it today?” “Friday.” —_ kind of camera do you have? This is a nice office. Mary has three cameras. desk is yours? camera does she use most? Complete the questions with How + adjective or adverb (How high, How long, etc.). 1. is Mount Everest? ) Almost 9,000 meters. 2. is it to the station? | About two miles. 3. is Sarah? | She’s 26. 4 _ do the buses run? | Every ten minutes. ss is the water in the pool? | Two meters. care| have you lived here? | Almost three years. Write questions with How. 1. Are you five feet nine? Five feet ten? Five feet eleven? How tall are you? 2, Is this box one kilogram? Two? Three? 3. Are you 20 years old? 21? 22? 4, Did you spend $102 $15? $20? 2 5. Do you watch TV every day? Once a week? Never? 6. Is it 2,000 miles from New York to Los Angeles? 2,500? 3,000? 97SR) How long does it take... ? ee = “How long does it take to get from ‘Washington to New York by plane?” “It takes one hour.” = “How long does it take to get from your house to the station by car?” “Ie takes ten minutes to get from my house to the station.” How long does it take (to do something)? does takes a week How long did ittaketo...? took along time pall er will take three hours How long does it take to cross the Atlantic by ship? How long did it take to get to the airport? © It takes a long time to learn a language. = It took about an hour to get to the airport. = It doesn’t take long to cook an omelet, = It won't take long to fix the computer. How long does it take you (to do something)? does you Howlong did ittake Anne to...? will them takes me — a week Tt took Anne alongtime to... willtake them three hours I started reading the book on Monday. I finished it on Wednesday night. It took me three days to read it. = How long will it take me to learn to drive? fm It takes me 20 minutes to get to work in the morning. = It took Tom an hour to do the shopping. Did it take you a long time to find a job? © Ie will take us an hour to cook dinner.Exercises UNI 49.1. Look at the pictures and write questions with How long - 3 Hout lang does it-take to gat team Auckland to Sydney by plane? 1. 2 BS 4. 49.2. How long does it take to do these things? Write full sentences. 1, fly from your city/country to New York 2, fly from your city/eountry to Australia 3. become a doctor in your country 4, walk from your house to the nearest school 5. get from your house to the nearest airport 49.3 Write questions with How long did it take 1, She found a place to live. How long did it take her to find a place to live? 2. Twalked to the station. you ? 3. He washed the windows. 4. Llearned to 5. They repaired the car. 49.4 Read the situations and write sentences with It took. ... 1. Tread a book last week. I started reading it on Monday. | finished it three days later. 2, We walked home last night. We left at 10 o'clock, and we got home at 10:20. 3. Tlearned to fly last year. Thad my first flying lesson in January. I got my pilot's license nine months later. 4. Mark drove to Houston yesterday. He left home at eight o’clock and got to Houston at 10:00. 5. Nicole began looking for a job a long time ago. She found a job last week. 6. (Now write a true sentence about yourself.) are eTUSN Do you know where... ?, I don't know what..., etc. Do ; where Paula is? We say: Where {if} Paula? you know where u but: Do you know where Paula (not Do you know where is Paula?) In the same way we say: Tknow where Paula is. I don’t know where Paula is. Can you tell me where Paula is? Compare: Who are those people? but 3 How old is Nicole? “ What time is it? ee Where can I go? : How much is this camera? ae 2 ne ‘When are you leaving town? ee Where have they gone? What was Dawn wearing? [doch cern ‘Questions with do/does/did (simple present and simple past) Where (G68s HE ive ? I Do you know where ‘he lives ? (s20t Do you know where does he live?) ‘Compare: How do airplanes fly? but Do you know how airplanes fly? What does Jessica want? Idon’t know what Jessica E Why did she go home? Idon’t remember _ why she went home ‘Where did I put the key? /— Tknow where I put the key. Questions beginning Is...?/Do...?/Can... 2, etc. (yes/no questions) Compare: Is Jack at home? but Jack is at home Have they left yet? Doyouknow if __they'veleft yet? Can Brian swim? Brian can swim Sat Do they live near here? Idon't know whether they live near | Did anybody see you? saw. You can use if or whether in these sentences: = Do you know if they've got a car? or Do you know whether they've got a car? ‘= Idon’t know if he’s married. or I don’t know whether he’s married.Exercises UNI 50.1 Answer these questions with ! don’t know where/when/why .. . , etc. 3 0 1. Have your friends gone home? { (where) _/aon'. 2 Is Kate in her office? | (where) I don’t know 3. Is the building very old? | (how old) _ 4. Will Paul be here soon? | (when) pam 5. Was he angry because I was late? | (why) 6. Has Mary lived here a long time? | (how long) —_ 50.2 Complete the sentences. 1, (How do airplanes fly?) Do you know he 2. (Where does Susan work?) I don’t know 3. (What did Peter say?) Do you remember 4. (Why did he go home early?) I don’t know 5. (What time does the meeting begin?) Do you know 6. (How did the accident happen?) I don’t remember airplanes fy 50.3 Whict right? 1. Do you know what time is:it/ itis? (itis is right) 2. Why are you/ you are leaving? 3. [don’t know where are they / they are going. 4. Can you tell me where is the museum / the museum is? 5. Where do you want/ you want to go for vacation? 6 . Do you know what do elephants eat / elephants eat? 50.4 Write questions with Do you know if... ? 1, (Have they got a car?) Do you know if theyve got a car? 2. (Are they married?) Do you know 3. (Does Sue know Bill?) 4, (Will Justin be here tomorrow?) 5. (Did he pass his exam?) 50.5 Write questions beginning with Do you know. (What does Tomiko want?) Do you know what Tamiko wants? (Where is Lynn?) Do _ (Is she working today?) - (What time does she start work?) (Are the banks open tomorrow?) (Where do Sarah and Tim live?) (Did they go to Ji Yoo's party?) Noy eeNe 50.6 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. Do you know why _the trai Do you know what time Excuse me, can you tell me where _ Idon’t know what Do you know if yeep ? ? ? ? ? 101Wages She said that... He told me that... Last week you went to a party. A lot of your friends were there. Here are some things they said to you. Se — OS om fs Thave to leave early. z ‘My sister has in. gone to Australia. A ean’t find a job. ANNE, @ Tilcall you. suive don’t like my job. & ‘My son doesn't ae like school, ‘You look tired. sxe RCE lms" Today you meet Paul. You tell | him about the party. You tell Paul what your friends said. | Present Past w Diane said that she was a ee enjoying her new job. is mw She said that her father wasn't very happy. = Sarah and Tim said that are > were they were going to buy a house. = Peter said that he had to have leave early. has @ He said that his sister had gone to Australia. speies m@ Anne said that she ane couldn't find a job. swaupeswearay ™ Steve said that he would call me. = Amy said that she didn’t like her job. = She said that her son jidn’t like school. = Mike said that I looked tired. m Isaid that I felt fine. say and tell. say (— said) = He said that he was tired. (not He said me) = What did she say to you? (not say you) Do not say: “he said me,” “I said Anne,” etc, tell (> told) He told me that he was tired. (not He told that. . .) = What did she tell you? (not tell to you) Do not say: “he told to me,” “I told to Anne,” etc. You can say: He said that he was tired. or He said he was tired. (without that) = Amy told me that she didn't like her job. or Amy told me she didn’t like her job. 1 told him to... Unit 54Exercises 1 51.1. Read what these people say and write sentences with He/She/They said (that)... . O: 7 Pve lost my watch. BY Won't feel very well. 1, © He said he had lost his watch 6. a - QA Vim very busy. AR weilbehome tate. 2 2 - 7. ri yi BA scant go to the parry. 4B Wve just gotten back from vacation. 3 abr) Nees sha we bene oe a GB haverto go our ©) Pmpoing to buy a new computer: irae ene | jen Sepa eo 2 P'm learning Russian. a& ‘We don't have a key. sf 10, 51.2. Use the pictures to complete the sentences. Pm enjoying 2 Tm not hungry. my new job. 7 mee DIANE, EMILY, = a ay ‘want 5 You can have it. i. ae 1 Tillsend you a = postcard. 7 Where's Robert? 8 ieee > Raigiages He's gone home. watch TY. the movies. NICOLE a mis 1, Isaw Diane last week. She said she was enjoying her new job 2. Emily didn’t want anything to eat. She said 3. I wanted to borrow Don’s ladder but he said - Eien 4. Hannah was invited to the party but she said 5. Sharon told me she didn’t want the picture. She said 6. 7. 8. 9. Mark just left on vacation. He said . I was looking for Robert. Nicole said AE Te “Why did Jiro stay home?” “He said a “Has Mary gone out?” “I think so. 51.3 Write say/said or tell/told. 1. He said __ he was tired. 7. The woman she was a reporter. 2. What did she fe//__ you? 8. The woman us she was a 3. Anne _ she didn’t like Peter. reporter. 4. Jack me that you were sick. 9. They asked me a lot of questions, but I S. Please don’t_____Jim what didn’t them anything, happened. 10. They asked me a lot of questions, 6. Did Pat she would be late? but I didn’t anything, 103Work/working, go/going, do/doing work/go/be, etc. (base form) ‘We use the base form with will/can/must, etc. Will = Amy will be here soon. ‘ shall Shall T open the window? } ice Uneee ay tm I might call you later. may = May Isit here? (sce Unit 30); can I can't meet you tomorrow. BEEN Gould you pass the salt, please? | (*e° Unit 31) stm It’s late. You must be tired. (see Unit 32) should = You shouldn't work so hard. (see Unit 33) would = Would you like some coffee? _(see Unit 35) ‘We use the base form with do/does and did. Do you work? (see Units 6-7) They don't work very hard. Elena doesn’t know many people. How much does it cost? ‘What time did the train leave? _(see Unit 12) We didn’t sleep well. To work / to go /to be, ete. (infinitive) (I'm) going to. = I'm going to play tennis tomorrow. (see Unit 27) Re What are you going to do? (Ihave to... = have to go now. (see Unit 34) __& Everybody has to eat. (1) want to... = Do you want to go out? (see Unit 51) = They don’t want to come with us. (1) would liketo... = I'd like to talk to you. (see Unit 35) Pee = Would you like to go out? (1) used to... = Dave used to work ina factory. _ (see Unit 25) ‘Working/going/playing, etc. amiis/are+-ing = Please be quiet. I'm working. (see Units 3-4, 8, 26) (present continuous) = ‘Tom isn’t working today. yas m= What time are you going out? was/were + -ing = [twas raining, so we didn’t go out. (see Units 13-14) (past continuous) What were you doing when the phone rang? ETE verbs + to... and -ing (I want to do / enjoy doing) Unit 53 Go + ing Unit 56Exercises UNI 52.1 Complete the sentences. Write: call Paul or to call Paul. 52 1. Pll _call Paul = 6. Do you have ? 7. You should 2 ive! 2 9. Imight : + 10, Could you ? 52.2 Complete the sentences with a verb from the list. Sometimes you need the base form (work, go, etc.) and sometimes you need -ing (working, going, etc.). do/doing get / getting sleep/sleeping watch / watching eat/eating go/ going stay / staying wear / wearing fly/flying listen listening wait / waiting _werk+-working- 1, Please be quiet. 'm working 2. [feel tired today. I didn’t s/eep very well last night. 3. What time do you usually up in the morning? 4. “Where are you?” “To the bank.” 5. Did you television last night? 6. Look at that plane! It’s very low. 7. You can turn off the radio. I’m not ___ to it. 8. They didn’t anything because they weren't hungry. 9. My friends were for me when I arrived. 10. “Does Sharon always glasses?” “No, only for reading.” 11, *What are you tonight?” “Pm home.” 52.3 Put the verb in the correct form. Choose the base form (work/go, etc.), the infinitive (to work / to go, etc.), or -ing (working/going, etc.). 1, Shall | g2en __the window? (open) 2. I's late. [have fo go. now. (go) 3. Amy isn’t working this week. She's on vacation, (work) 4. I'm tired. I don’t want a out. (go) S. Temight — Take an umbrella with you. (rain) 6 7. 8. 9. . What time do you ____ tomorrow morning? (leave) I'm sorry I can’t you. (help) . My brother is a student. He’s physics. (study) ). Would you like ona trip around the world? (go) 10. When you saw Chol Su, what was he ? (wear) 11. When you go to London, where are you going ? (stay) 12, I's cold, but Carlos isn’t wearing a jacket. He must cold. (be) 13. “Where's Eric?” “He's a bath.” (take) 14. Lused ___a car, but I sold it last year. (have) 15. He spoke very quietly. I couldn’t him. (hear) 16. You don’t look well. I don’t think you should to work today. (go) 17. Idon’t know what he said. I wasn’t ____ to him. (listen) 18. I'm sorry Pm late. Thad a phone call. (make) 19. Medical students must __ courses in biology and chemistry. (take) 20. May I please your phone? (use) 105To... (I want to do) and -ing (I enjoy doing) Verbs + to... (I want to do) ee forget + to. .. (to do/to work / to be, etc.) ‘What do you want to do tonight? It’s not very late. We don’t need to go home yet. Tina has decided to sell her house. You forgot to turn off the light when you went out. My brother is learning to drive. I tried to read my book, but I was too tired. Verbs + -ing (I enjoy doing) enjoy SUBBESE ing (doing / working / being, etc.) enjoy dancing. (not enjoy to dance) Idon’t mind getting up early. Has it stopped raining? Sonia suggested going to the movies. Verbs + -ing or to... like prefer hate begin love start continue ing (doing, etc.) or to... (to do, etc.) Do you like getting up early? or Do you like to get up early? I prefer traveling by car. or I prefer to travel by car ‘Anna loves dancing. or Anna loves to dance. Thate being late. or I hate to be late. Itstarted raining. or It started to rain. ‘Would like to... , etc. would like would love ronld pretest Hatt +10... (to do / to work / to be, etc.) Julia would like to meet you. Td love to go to Australia. (I'd = I would) “Would you like to stay at the Metro Hotel?” “No, I'd prefer to stay at the Grand.” like this city very much. | wouldn't like to move. I'd hate to lose my address book. Would like Unit 25 Iwant you to... Unit 54 Go+-ing Unit 56 reposition + -ing Unit 107Exercises 53.1 Put the verb in the right form ~ to... or -ing. 1, Lenjoy dancing — 2. What do you want fa do tonight? (do) + (dance) 9% UEN I I3 Where's Bill? He promised here on time. (be) 3. Goodbye! I hope you 10. P'mnot ina hurry. I don’t mind again soon. (see) See wail) 4. Tlearned _whenIwas 11, What have you decided __? (do) five years old. (swim) 12. Eric was very angry and refused 5. Have you finished _the to me. (speak) kitchen? (clean) 13. Where’s Anna? I need 6. I'm tired. I want to bed. (go) her something. (ask) 7. Do you enjoy other 14. They were very upset and started countries? (visit) (ery) 8, The weather was nice, so I suggested 15. P'm trying - (work) for a walk by the river. (go) Please stop_ « (talk) 53.2 Complete the sentences with to... or -ing. Use one of these verb: cook go help lose meet rain read see send wait walk watch Julia would like #2 meet ____ you. Nicole has a lot of books. She enjoys Don’t forget waepe mind x 6. This ring was my grandmother's. I'd hate __ 7. Rita had a lot to do, so I offered 8. What should we do this afternoon? Would you like 9, When I'm tired in the evening, I like 10. “Do you want to go now?” “No, I'd prefer 11. I'm not going out until it stops 12, Dinner is going to be late. I just started 53.3 Do you usually get up early ? ‘Do you ever go to museums? Do you write letters often? Have you ever been to Rome? Do you ever travel by train? Do you want to eat at home or go to a restaurant? ao kee 53.4 Tenjoy ahs I don’t like When I’m on vacation, I like I don’t mind aaa Iwouldn’t like but . I'm surprised that you're here. I didn’t expect Read the questions and complete the answers. Yes, lenjoy Idon’t mind but I'd prefer Complete these sentences. Write about yourself. Use to Ifit’s a nice day tomorrow, I'd like you. ____ usa postcard when you're on vacation. “Should we take a taxi to the restaurant?” “If you want, but it isn’t far. I don’t it, her, to the beach? television. a few minutes.” Yes, I like getting yp early OR to get yp early. Yes, [love No, I don’t like No, but I'd love sometime, a restaurant, or -ing. ‘Additional Exercise 30 (pages 256-257) a7UNS I want you to... and / told you to... 3 Twant you to... ‘The woman wants to leave. ‘The man doesn’t want the woman to leave. He wants her to stay. = Lwant you to be happy. (of I want that you are happy) = They didn’t want anybody to know their secret. = Do you want me to lend you some money? ‘We use would like in the same way. ‘= Would you like me to lend you some money? with: ‘We also use this structure (verb + somebody + to verb + — somebody + to. Ttold you to .../I told you not to... ose AX &e mau Sue Anne told me to wait for her. Paul told Sue not to wait for him. make and let After make and let, we do not use to. a He's very funny. He makes me laugh. (110 makes me to laugh) ‘= At school our teachers made us work very hard. Ada let me use her computer because mine wasn’t working. (not let me to use) You can say Let's... (= Let us) when you want people to do things with you. = Come on! Let's dance. m= “Do you want to go out tonight?” “No, I'm tired. Lets stay home.” He told me that... Unit 51Exercises 54.1 Write sentences beginning / want you ... / | don’t want you ... / Do you want me . 1. (you have to come with me) _/ want you fo come with me. (listen carefully) { want (please don’t be angry) I don’t (shall I wait for you?) Do you (don’t call me tonight) (you should meet Sarah) 54.2. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. 1 Tmsick. —Youshould |? where's Turn left [3 Can you help me? smadocor.| |Abeeacon? fee f £ ‘ BRIAN, you ‘you 4 Don't call after 5 Cantuse AM o'clock. — SDs you SUE you You 1, Brian was sick. ladvised Aim to see @ doctor 2. Lwanted to get to the station. A woman told 3. Linda had a lot of luggage. She asked 4, Sue is going to call later. I told 5. [wanted to make a phone call. Yoshi let 6. Lee’s mother taught 54,3 Complete these sentences with the verbs in the list. Sometimes to is necessary (to go/to wait, etc.); sometimes to is not necessary (go/wait, etc.). arrive borrow get go Jeave make repeat tell d 1, Please stay! Idon’t want you fo /eave yet. 2. I didn’t hear what she said, so I asked her it. 3. “Should we begin?” “No, let's a few minutes.” 4, Are they already here? I expected them much later. 5. Kevin’s parents didn’t want him . —_— married. 6. Twant to stay here. You can’t make me with you. 7. “Is that your bicycle?” “No, it’s John’s. He let me i” 8. Mika can’t come to the party. She told me you. 9. Do you want something to drink? Would you like me ________ some coffee? 10. “Achara doesn’t like me.” “What makes you thee| went to the store to... Kelly wanted a newspaper, ‘so she went to the store. Why did she go to the store? To buy a newspaper. She went to the store to buy a newspaper. To... (to buy /to see, etc.) tells us why a person does something. “Why are you going out?” “To get some bread.” Amy went to the airport to meet her friend. Fu Chen turned on the television to watch the news. = T'd like to go to Mexico to learn Spanish. money/time to (do something) = We need some money to buy food. = Idon’t have time to watch television, to...and for... to + verb for + noun (to buy / to see, etc.) (for a newspaper / for food, etc.) = I went to the store to buy a newspaper. | m I went to the store for a newspaper. (not for buy) They're going to Brazil to see their | m‘They'te going to Brazil for a holiday. friends, = Wernced some money to buy food. | m We need some money for food. wait for. ; = Please wait for me. Ss = Are you waiting for the bus? wait to (do something) = I'm waiting to talk to the manager. = Are you waiting to see the doctor? wait for (somebody/something) to. . . = [can’t leave yet. I’m waiting for John to call. ‘= Are you waiting for the mail to come? Go to...,go for... Unit $6 Something to eat / nothing to do, ete. Unit 80 Enough tolfor... Unit 92 Too... tolfor... Unit 93Exercises 55.1 55.2 55.4 Write sentences beginning / went to... . . Choose from the boxes. thestation the post office buy some food get some stamps a coffee shop _ the supermarket eatch-a-train meet a friend 1. Lwent to the station to catch @ train, 2. Twent 3 See Finish the sentences. Choose from the box. to open this door to wake him up 10 see who it was fo-watch-thenews to read the newspaper __to get some fresh air 1, Tturned on the television fo watch the news 2. Alice sat down in an armchair 3. DoIneedakey 4, Lwent for a walk by the river $. Dave was sleeping. I knocked on his door 6. The doorbell rang, so I looked out the window Use your own ideas to 1. Lwent to the store to buy @ news} 2. Pm very busy. Ihaven’t got time _ 3. called Amy 4, I'm going out 5. [borrowed some money Write to or for. 1, Ampol went to the store_fo___ buy some bread. 2. We went to a restaurant ~ have dinner. 3. Robert wants to go to college study economies. 4. I'm going to Toronto____an interview next week. 5. I'm going to Vancouver visit some friends of mine, 6. Do you have time a cup of coffee? 7. Iwas late this morning. I didn’t have time ____ comb my hair, 8. Everybody needs money live. 9. My office is very small. There’s only enough room a desk and a chair, 10. A: Excuse me, are you waiting __use the phone? B: No, I'm waiting __ somebody. Finish these sentences. Choose from the list: John-feall it/to arrive you/tell me the film /begin 1, Tean't leave yet. I'm waiting for John to call 2. Isat down in the movie theater and waited 3. We called an ambulance and waited 4, “Do you know what to do?” “No, I'm waiting UNIGoto... goon... gofor... go-ing (go to work / go to San Francisco / go to a concert, etc.) What time do you usually go to work? Pm going to China next week ‘Tom didn’t want to go to the concert. What time did you go to bed last night? I went to the dentist last week. go home (without to) = I’'mgoing home now. (not going to home) goon... z = Children often go on school trips. Se = When we were in Egypt, we went on a tour of the eo Pyramids, goon = excursion We're going on vacation next week. Sane t= Last year I went to Costa Rica on vacation. ae : im The workers have gone on strike. (= they are refusing to i work) go for... z = “Where's John?” “He went for a walk.” aoe Did you go for a run this morning? g0 (somewhere) for 2700 = The water looks nice. Let’s go for a swim. ‘ = Should we go out for dinner? I know a Hanchy dines et good restaurant. go +-ing ‘We use go + -ing for many sports ( and also for shopping: they have gone she wants to go jogging imming/skiing, etc.) shopping Igo. swimming he is going fishing we went sailing skiing running, etc. ‘Are you going shopping this afternoon? It’s a nice day. Let's go swimming, (or Ler’s go for a swim.) Richard has a small boat, and he often goes sailing. went jogging before breakfast this morning,Exercises UNI 56.1 56.3 Write to/on/for where necessary. 3 6 1, Pm going 7 __ China next week. 2. Richard often goes _— sailing. . Sue went ‘Mexico last year. |. Would you like to go the movies tonight? . Brian goes jogging every morning. . I'm going out ‘a walk, Do you want to come? . Pm tired because I went bed very late. . Mark is going atrip Turkey next week. . The weather was warm and the lake was clean, so we went a swim, 10. The taxi drivers went trike when I was in New York. 11, Ineed some stamps, so I'm going the post office. 12, It's late. Ihave to go home now. 13. Would you like to go _ a tour of the city? 14, Do you want to go out lunch today? 15. My parents are going a cruise this summer. wenauae Use the pictures to complete the sentences. Use go/goes/going/went + -ing. 1. Richard has a boat. He often goes sailing 2. Last Saturday Diane went 3. John _ every day. 4. Nicole is going to Colorado next month. She’s 5. Peter is going out later. He has to . It's a beautiful day! Would you like to go ‘A: Are you going B: Yes, next month. We're going _in the park? 6. Sally___ ___ after work yesterday. Complete these sentences. Use the words in the box. Use to/on/for if necessary. ‘eswim bed home shopping the bank awalk Hawaii riding skiing vacation 1. The water looks great! Let’s go fora swim 2. “Is John at home?” “No, he went to get some money.” 3. P'm'going now. I have to buy some presents. 4, Lwas very tired last night. [went carly. 5. [wasn’t enjoying the party, so I went early. 6. We live near the mountains. In winter we go almost every weekend. 7. Richard has a horse. He goes alot. 8, 9. 113