Methods Set 1

1.

Another name for a time study is work measurement.

2.
The principle objective of methods engineering is to find improvements that
make work easier to perform.
3.
The eight steps of applying methods engineering: select the project, get and
present the data, analyze the data, develop the ideal method, present and install
the method, develop a job analysis, establish time standards, and follow up the
method.
4.
Time studies were originally made in Europe and conducted by a French
engineer on the manufacture of No.6 common pins.
5.
Taylors principles of time study included a system based on task.
Employees would have their work planned out and described in detail a day in
advance, each job would have a standard time, and work assignments would be
broken into elements.
6.
Motion study was founded by Frank and Lilian Gilbreth. It is defined as the
study of the body motions used in performing an operation, to improve the
operation by eliminating unnecessary motions, simplifying necessary motions, and
establishing the most favorable motion sequence for maximum efficiency.
7.
The skepticism of management and labor toward rates established by
efficiency experts was understandable because workers didnt know how these
rates were being calculated. They could have been very unfair and they would still
have to abide by them.
8.
Organizations concerned with advancing the ideas of Taylor and Gilbreth:
Taylor Society, Society of Industrial Engineers, The American Management
Association, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the Society for the
Advancement of Management, and the Institute of Industrial Engineers.
9.
When methods changes are suggested, most workers refuse it in fear of
losing work hours and losing pay.
10.
The humanistic approach is important when doing these studies to keep the
well-being of the workers a main focus. Pursuing the idea that there is always a
better way can improve productivity, quality, delivery, worker safety, and worker
well-being.
11.
Time study and methods engineering are directly related. A time study is a
tool used in methods engineering to break down a task for review, in an effort to
make things more efficient.
12.
Work design is an important element of methods study because it affects the
safety of the workers. Through work design, many organizations and
administrations have been developed to regulate the work environments to be safe
and efficient for the workers.

13.
Important events such as working conditions during the war have contributed
to the need for ergonomics.

10:
1.
A fair day's pay is determined by the amount of work that can be produced
by qualified employees when working at a standard pace and effectively utilizing his
or her time where work is not restricted by process limitations.
2.
Standard pace is defined by an effective rate of performance of a
conscientious self-paced qualified employees when working neither fast or slow and
giving due consideration to the physical mental or visual requirements of the
specific job.
3.
The supervisor should sign the time study because they're the ones who
know all specifications for all methods and processes.
4.
Poor time standards can lead to inefficient work whether it is too fast or too
slow. This can also lead to unfair pay.
5.
Equipment needed by the time study analyst includes a stopwatch, video
tape camcorders, time study board, time study forms, time study software, and
training equipment.
6.
Features of the PDA that make it attractive to time study analysts include the
ability of quick computations and accurate answers.
7.
The metronome can be used as a training tool for performance rating by
using it to set a pace.
8.
When choosing operator to be studying you should consider if they are
average in performance, this means they will work consistently and systematically.
Also the operator should be completely trained in the method should like the work
and should demonstrate an interest in doing a good job.
9.
It is essential to record complete information on the tools and facility on the
time study forms because it allows for standardization of data development of
formulas. Also foreign elements can be taken into account.
10.
Working conditions are important in identifying the method being observed
because if the working conditions during study are different from the normal
conditions for that job it will affect the performance of the operation.
11.
A time study analyst who is hard of hearing would have difficulty performing
a time study because they need to hear the sound cues the divide up different
elements in the study.
12.
Constant elements are elements for which the time does not deviate within a
specified range of work while variable elements are those elements for which the

time does vary within a specified range of work. These elements should be kept
separate in order to better organize the data.
13.
The continuous method of watch recording has advantages over the
snapback method such as it better accounts for foreign elements and delays and is
easier for timing short elements.
14.
Electronic stopwatches have increased use of the snapback procedure
because time is no longer lost in the process of the hands snapping back to zero.
15.
Time of day is recorded on the time study form in order to identify foreign
elements or unavoidable delays.
16.
A large variation in the sequence of elemental time recording is handled but
putting a line through the skipped element then continuing on with the time study.
17.
A foreign element is an interruption such as an operator going to get a drink
of water or stopping for a rest. These elements are handled by putting a letter that
signifies a foreign element in the column in continuing on with the time study as the
task picks back up.
18.
An accurate number of cycles to be studied are established by using a
statistical method. The formula is n=(ts/kx)^2.
19.
It is necessary to rate the operator on the skill and effort given in order to
adjust the time up or down based on performance.
20.
Individual elements of each cycle should be rated when the elements are
long and entail diversified manual movements.
21.
A qualified operator is defined as a thoroughly experienced operator working
under customary conditions at a workstation, at a pace neither too fast nor too
slow, but representative of a pace that can be maintained throughout the day.
22.
Allowances are applied to the normal time because no operator can maintain
a standard pace every minute of the working day. Allowances give extra time for
regular interruptions.
23.
A circled elapsed time represents the overall elapsed clock reading. This
means that further calculations need to be made in order to find the actual elapsed
time.
24.
In the computation of a time study conducted in accordance with the
continuous overall performance rating procedure the conductor of the time study
will determine all elemental elapsed times and then sum up the effective time, the
ineffective time, and the time elapsed before and after the study. These are used to
find the normal elemental times which are then converted into elemental Standard
Times by multiplying by the percentage allowance.
25.
A walking pace of 3 miles per hour agrees with my concept of a standard
performance because it is an average pace that can be maintained all day and does
not need a large allowance.

26.
Standard Time is a unit time to call you for a work task is determined by the
proper application of appropriate work measurement techniques by qualified
personnel. In other words, it is a standard time that it takes the average person to
complete a task.
27.
It is more convenient to express standards as time per hundred pieces rather
than time per piece because the majority of industrial operations have relatively
short cycles of 5 minutes or less.
28.
Temporary time standards are developed in the case of a new employee or
new process that is still being learned and standardized. The learning curve as well
as existing standard data is taken into consideration when developing these time
standards.
29.
Elements of work commonly included in setup standards involve all events
that take place between completion of the previous job and the start of the present
job. It also includes tear down or put away elements.