ECE 209

HOMEWORK PROBLEMS #1

Solutions

Dr. James S. Kang, Professor, ECE Department, Cal Poly Pomona

9.1.
(a) 7V (b) 14V (c) 0V (d) 7/ 2 = 4.9497V (e) f = 1000 Hz, T = 1/f = 1ms (f) =
21000 = 6283.1853 rad/s (g) -2/3 = -120o (h) (2/3)T/2 = T/3 = 0.3333ms
(i) i(t) = 21000t 2/3
Instantaneous Phase
5

i(t)

0
-5
-10
-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0
t

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1
-3

x 10

(j) i(t) = 21000 = 6283.1853 rad/s

Instantaneous Frequency
6285

i(t)

6284
6283
6282
-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0
t

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1
-3

x 10

(k)
Cosine Wave
10

v(t)

5
0
-5
-10
-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0
t

0.2

0.4

0.6

% Plot of cosine
% Dr. James S. Kang, Professor, ECE Department, Cal Poly Pomona.
clear all;format compact;format long;
Am=7
f=1000
T=1/f
phi=-2*pi/3
Adc=0

0.8

1
-3

x 10

w=2*pi*f
M=1
t=-M*T:T/100:M*T;
v=Adc+Am*cos(2*pi/T*t+phi);
theta=2*pi/T*t+phi;
omega=2*pi/T*ones(1,length(t));
figure(1)
plot(t,theta,'LineWidth',2);grid;
xlabel('t');ylabel('\theta_i(t)');title('Instantaneous Phase');
figure(2)
plot(t,omega,'LineWidth',2);grid;
xlabel('t');ylabel('\omega_i(t)');title('Instantaneous Frequency');
figure(3)
plot(t,v,'LineWidth',2);grid;
xlabel('t');ylabel('v(t)');title('Cosine Wave');

9.2.
(a)
Cosine Wave

v(t)

2
0
-2
-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0
t

5
-4

x 10

(b)
Cosine Wave

v(t)

-5
-0.02

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0
t

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.5

1.5

0.02

(c)
Sine Wave
4

v(t)

2
0
-2
-4
-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0
t

(d)

2
-3

x 10

Sine Wave
10

v(t)

5
0
-5
-10
-6

0
t

-2

-4

-5

x 10

9.3.
Cosine Wave
7
6
5

v(t)

4
3
2
1
0
-1

0.125 0.25 0.375 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875

1
t

1.125 1.25 1.375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875

2
-3

x 10

Figure P9.3
(a) (7-(-1))/2 = 8/2 = 4V. (b) 24 = 8V. (c) Vdc = (7-1)/2 = 3V. (d) 4/ 2 = 2 2 =
2.8284V (e) f = 1/1ms = 1 kHz. (f) = 2f = 21000 = 6283.1853 rad/s. (g) Phase = 20.125T/T =-2/8 = -/4 = -45o. (h) v(t) = 3 + 4 cos(21000t - /4) V.
9.4.
(a) Sum of two sinusoids
Waveform
10

v(t)

5
0
-5
-10
-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0
t

0.2

0.4

(b) Double sideband suppressed carrier (DSB-SC) modulation

0.6

0.8

1
-3

x 10

Waveform
10

v(t)

5
0
-5
-10
-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0
t

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1
-3

x 10

(c) Amplitude modulation (AM)

Waveform
20

v(t)

10
0
-10
-20
-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0
t

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1
-3

x 10

(d) Frequency modulation (FM)

Waveform

v(t)

-5
-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0
t

0.2

0.4

0.6

9.5.
(a) V = 20120o
(b) V = 30-135o-90o = 30-225o = 30135o
(c) I = 2-30o+180o = 2150o
(d) I = 10144o+90o = 10234o = 10-126o
9.6.
= 2f = 260 = 377 rad/s.
(a) v(t) = 120 2 cos(260t + 120o) V = 169.7056 cos(377t + 120o) V
(b) v(t) = 5 2 cos(260t - 135o) V = 7.0711 cos(377t - 135o) V
(c) v(t) = 7 2 cos(260t + 240o) V = 9.8995 cos(377t + 240o) V
(d) v(t) = 30 2 cos(260t - 300o) V = 42.4264 cos(377t - 300o) V
(e) v(t) = 100 2 cos(260t - 120o) V = 141.4214 cos(377t - 120o) V
9.7.

0.8

1
-3

x 10

2
(a) V = 12 + 22 tan 1 = 5 tan 1 ( 2 ) =2.236163.43495o
1
4
4
(b) V = (3) 2 + 42 tan 1 = 25 tan 1 =5126.8699o
3
3
Notice that in MATLAB, atan(-4/3)*180/pi provides -53.130102354155980. To
get the correct answer, add 180. -53.130102354155980 + 180 = 126.8698976458440
>> atan(-4/3)*180/pi
ans =
-53.130102354155980
>> ans+180
ans =
1.268698976458440e+002

MATLAB functions abs and angle can be used to find the magnitude and phase.
>> abs(-3+4j)
ans =
5
>> angle(-3+4j)*180/pi
ans =
1.268698976458440e+002

Instead of angle, atan2 can be used to find the phase.

>> atan2(4,-3)*180/pi
ans =
1.268698976458440e+002

Alternatively, use function R2P as shown below.

>> a=-3+4j;R2P(a)
ans =
1.0e+002 *
0.050000000000000

1.268698976458440

0.022142974355882

The first number 5 is the magnitude, the second number 126.8699 is the phase in degrees,
and the third number 2.2143 is the phase in radians.
1
1
(c) V = (2) 2 + (1) 2 tan 1 = 5 tan 1 =2.2361-153.43495o
2
2
Notice that in MATLAB, atan(-1/-2)*180/pi provides 26.565051177077990. To
get the correct answer, subtract 180. 26.565051177077990 - 180 = -153.43495
>> atan(-1/-2)*180/pi
ans =
26.565051177077990
>> ans-180
ans =
-1.534349488229220e+002

MATLAB functions abs and angle can be used to find the magnitude and phase.
>> abs(-2-1j)
ans =
2.236067977499790
>> angle(-2-1j)*180/pi
ans =
-1.534349488229220e+002

Instead of angle, atan2 can be used to find the phase.

>> atan2(-1,-2)*180/pi
ans =
-1.534349488229220e+002

Alternatively, use function R2P as shown below.

>> a=-2-1j;R2P(a)
ans =
1.0e+002 *
0.022360679774998

-1.534349488229220

-0.026779450445890

The first number 2.2361 is the magnitude, the second number -153.43495 is the phase in
degrees, and the third number -2.6779 is the phase in radians.

 4
4
32 + (4) 2 tan 1 = 25 tan 1 =5-53.1301o
3
3
2
(e) 2+j2 = 2 2 tan 1 = 2.828445o
2

(d) V =

>> R2P(2+2j)
ans =
2.828427124746190

45.000000000000000

0.785398163397448

3
(f) -3+j3 = 3 2 tan 1 = 4.24264135o
3
>> R2P(-3+3j)
ans =
1.0e+002 *
0.042426406871193

1.350000000000000

0.023561944901923

10
o
(g) -10-j10 = 10 2 tan 1
= 14.1421-135
10
>> R2P(-10-10j)
ans =
1.0e+002 *
0.141421356237310

-1.350000000000000

-0.023561944901923

20
o
(h) 20-j20 = 20 2 tan 1
= 28.2843-45
20
>> R2P(20-20j)
ans =
28.284271247461902 -45.000000000000000

-0.785398163397448

9.8.
(a) I = 5 30o = 5cos(30o) + j5sin(30o) = 5 3 /2 + j5/2 = 50.866 + j2.5 = 4.3301+j2.5
>> P2Rd(5,30)
ans =
4.330127018922194 + 2.500000000000000i
o
o

(b) I = 6 120 = 6cos(120 ) + j6sin(120o) = -6/2 + j6 3 /2 = -3 + j5.1962

>> P2Rd(6,120)
ans =
-2.999999999999999 + 5.196152422706632i
o
o

(c) I = 10 -120 = 10cos(-120 ) + j10sin(-120o) = -10/2 + j10 3 /2 = -5 + j8.6603

>> P2Rd(10,-120)
ans =
-4.999999999999998 - 8.660254037844387i
o
o

(d) I = 20 -60 = 20cos(-60 ) + j20sin(-60o) = 20/2 - j20 3 /2 = 10 j17.3205

>> P2Rd(20,-60)
ans =
10.000000000000002 -17.320508075688771i
o
o

(e) V = 110 60 = 110cos(30 ) + j110sin(30o) = 110/2 + j110 3 /2 = 55 + j95.2628

>> P2Rd(110,60)
ans =
55.000000000000014 +95.262794416288244i
o
o

(f) V = 220 150 = 220 cos(150 ) + j220 sin(150o) = -220 3 /2 + j220/2 = -2200.866
+ j110 = -190.5256+j110
>> P2Rd(220,150)
ans =
-1.905255888325765e+002 +1.100000000000000e+002i

(g) V = 480 210o = 480 cos(210o) + j480 sin(210o) = -480 3 /2 - j480/2 = -4800.866
j240 = -415.6922-j240
>> P2Rd(480,210)
ans =
-4.156921938165305e+002 -2.400000000000001e+002i
o
o
o

(h) V = 880 -30 = 880 cos(-30 ) + j880 sin(-30 ) = 880

j440 = 762.1024-j440

3 /2 - j880 /2 = 8800.866

>> P2Rd(880,-30)
ans =
7.621023553303061e+002 -4.399999999999999e+002i

9.9.
(a) i(t) = 7.0130 cos(260t + 50.9917o) A = 7.0130 cos(377t + 50.9917o) A
>> I = R2P(P2Rd(2,60)+P2Rd(3,45))
I =
4.958942419051549 50.991722001393811
>> I(1)*sqrt(2)
ans =
7.013003624049945
o

0.889973440185954

(b) i(t) = 11.0454 cos(260t + 86.3295 ) A = 11.0454 cos(377t + 86.3295o) A

>> I = R2P(P2Rd(4,120)-P2Rd(5,-120))
I =
7.810249675906654 86.329503491684889
>> I(1)*sqrt(2)
ans =
11.045361017187261
o

1.506734077541843

(c) i(t) = 57.3970 cos(260t - 90 ) A = 59.3970 cos(377t - 90o) A

= 59.3970 sin(377t) A

>> I = R2P(P2Rd(6,60)*P2Rd(7,-150))
I =
42.000000000000007 -90.000000000000014
>> I(1)*sqrt(2)
ans =
59.396969619670003
o

-1.570796326794897

(d) i(t) = 0.9428 cos(260t - 165 ) A = 0.9428 cos(377t - 165o) A

>> I = R2P(P2Rd(8,135)/P2Rd(12,-60))
I =
1.0e+002 *
0.006666666666667 -1.650000000000000
>> I(1)*sqrt(2)
ans =
0.942809041582063

-0.028797932657906

9.10.
(a) V = 200150o + 300210o = 435.8899-173.4132o
v(t) = 435.8899 cos(260t 173.4132o)
>> V=R2P(P2Rd(200,150)+P2Rd(300,210))
V =
1.0e+002 *
4.358898943540674 -1.734132244463706
o
o

-0.030266317330891
o

(b) V = 5030 + 40-210 = 45.825879.1066

v(t) = 435.8899 cos(260t 173.4132o)

>> V=R2P(P2Rd(50,30)+P2Rd(40,-210))
V =
45.825756949558397 79.106605350869089
1.380670723448430
o
o
o

(c) V = 60030 + 500120 + 400-75 = 509.309942.8915o

v(t) = 509.3099 cos(250t +42.8915o)

>> V=R2P(P2Rd(600,30)+P2Rd(500,120)+P2Rd(400,-75))
V =
1.0e+002 *
5.093098544453689
0.428914812232779
0.007485975684035

(d) V = 5-5/6 + 74/7 + 59/10 = 435.8899-173.4132o

v(t) = 15.1110 cos(220000t + 153.2704o)
>> V=R2P(P2Rr(5,-5*pi/6)+P2Rr(7,4*pi/7)+P2Rr(8,9*pi/10))
V =
1.0e+002 *
0.151109994828074
1.532704047022574
0.026750732079186