Test Ref: TEP0508

Time: 1 hour 15 minutes

DIRECTIONS for questions 1 to 3: These questions are based on the data given below.

A robot travels in a plane in sets of steps called moves. Each step is exactly I unit in length. Its movements are always either towards north or sideways (either east or west). Every 3mth move, (where m is a natural number), must be towards east or west, while all the other moves are towards north. In the northern direction, the robot can take only one step in each move while the maximum number of steps it can take in the 3mth move is m. Each move must consist of atleast of one step.

1. What is the approximate difference between the longest possible and the shortest possible distance from the starting point that the robot can cover at the end of the 9th move?

(1) 2.48 units (2) 4.32 units (3) 0.625 units (4) 1.08 units

2. What is the number of different positions that the robot can be in at the end of the 8th move?

(1) 4 (2) 5 (3) 6 (4) 7

3. If the robot could also move one step towards south (and not just towards north), in one move, then how many possible positions would there be at the end of the 3rd step?

(1) 4 (2) 6 (3) 8 (4) None of these

DIRECTIONS for questions 4 and 5: These questions are based on the data given below.

I started a training institute in one room. During the first year I offered 4 courses, one after the other. The room had a fixed capacity of less than 25 seats. The number of students enrolling for the first course was only half of the room's capacity. Half of those who enrolled for the first course continued with the second course and some new students also joined. The class was then full to 213rd of its capacity. For the third course, half of the existing students continued and some more students joined the course. The class was then 3f4th full. For the fourth course, half of the existing students continued and some more new students joined the course. The class had just one student less than the full capacity.

4. Find the total number of students that I trained in the entire year.

(1) 25 (2) 33 (3) 46

(4) Cannot be determined

5. How many more new students were admitted for the fourth course than in the third course?

(1) 1 (2) 4 (3) 8 (4) Cannot be determined

DIRECTIONS for questions 6 and 7: These questions are based on the data given below:

Ten contestants numbered 1 to 10 are running a race around a circular track. Each contestant runs with his own unique speed which is constant throughout the race. The contestant numbered n is henceforth referred to as the nth contestant.

6. If the speed of the nth contestant (n > 1) is (n - 1) times that of the first contestant, then which of the following statements is not true?

(1) The fourth and the fifth contestants meet each other half as frequently as the eighth and the tenth contestants do. (2) The third and the fourth contestants meet each other at the starting point as frequently as the sixth and the eighth

contestants do.

(3) The fourth and the seventh contestants meet each other at the starting point twice as frequently as the third and the eighth contestants do.

(4) None of the above

7. If the speed of the nth contestant (n > 1) is n times that of the (n - 1 )th contestant, then which of the following statements isfare true?

(1) The fourth and the fifth contestants meet at the starting point as frequently as the fourth and the sixth contestants do. (2) The fourth and the fifth contestants meet half as frequently as the eighth and the tenth contestants do.

(3) The nth contestant meets the (n + 1 )th contestant at the starting point n times as frequently as he meets the (n - 1 )th contestant at the starting point.

(4) More than one of the above.

DIRECTIONS for questions 8 to 21: Select the correct alternative from the given choices.

8. Find the sum of areas of all the squares that are described by I x I + I y I = R, where R is an integer satisfying 1~ R ~ 10.

(1) 192.5 sq.units (2) 385 sq.units (3) 770 sq.units (4) 3080 sq.units

9. Akhil was working with a number system to the base n. While multiplying two 2-digit numbers (AB)n and (CD)n' he accidentally interchanged the digits of one of the numbers and the product that he obtained differed from the correct product by a value d. Which of the following is not a possible combination of the values of n and d?

(1) n=4andd=(1110)4 (2) n=5andd=(2002)s

(3) n = 6 and d = (500)6 (4) n = 7 and d = (1405)7

10. Consider the equation z = 4x + 5y, where x and yare non-negative integers and x $; 500, y $; 400. Find the number of distinct values that z can assume between 20 and 3980, both values inclusive.

(1) 7(fJ (2) 840 (3) 3961 (4) 3980

11. The 47th term and 211 th term of a series in arithmetic progression (A.P.) are 233/43 and 17713/43 respectively. To this series, P terms are added at the beginning and (P + 17) terms are added at the end and still the series is in A.P, with 473 terms. Initially if the number of terms in the series was 240, what is the sum of all the terms of the series now?

(1) 47476 (2) 47432 (3) 47388 (4) 47344

12. Akhil has a certain game board which is similar to a chessboard except that it has only 6 x 6 squares. He noticed that a number of rectangles can be observed by considering one or more of the playing squares at a time. How many distinct areas can these rectangles have?

(1) 18 (2) 22 (3) 36 (4) None of these

13. In the above problem, if the squares are numbered from 1 to 36, then how many distinct rectangles have an area equal to one third of the largest possible rectangle?

(1) 30 (2) 34 (3) 15 (4) 17

14. Two functions f(x) and g(x) are defmed as follows:

f(x) =2x-3 forx~3/2

=0 for x < 3/2

g(x) =3x+2 forO$;x<2 =x2+ 1 for2$;x$;5

What is the value off[g(2)] - g[f(3)]?

(1) -2 (2) -3

(3) -4

(4) None of these

15. The following is the information regarding the number of students who have taken and qualified in the various sections of an exam consisting of a total of five sections. The sections were A, B, C, D and E.

Sections in which students qualified Number of Students

A,B,C,D 22

A,B,C,E A,B,D,E A,C,D,E B,C,D,E

20 32 36 18

16.

A,B,C,D,E 14

If the teacher intends to gift a pen to every student who qualified in at least four sections then the number of pens

he needs is ~E

(1) 58 (2) 68 (3) 132 (4) 72

E is a point on the circumference of a circle drawn with AC as diameter and 0 as centre. A second circle is drawn A C

with AO as diameter. B is the point of intersection of the second circle and the chord AE of the first circle. If AB = 2 em, find BE. (1) 2cm

(2) 3cm

(3)

4cm

(4) Insuffi-cient data

17 Mr. A, an employee working in a government organization, wants to tour nine cities viz. L, M, N, 0, P, Q, R, S, and T by availing his leave travel concession (LTC) provided by his organisation. He starts from City X, and the organization head has given him the following map and has asked him to cover the cities according to the arrows shown.

In how many ways can Mr. A can reach T without covering any city more than once?

(1) 6 (2) 7 (3) 8 (4) 10

18. What is the least value of (x -1) (x- 3) (x -4) (x - 6) + 10, forreal values of x?

(1) 1 (2) 10 (3) 9 (4) 0

19. A group of men, all of equal capacities, were hired to work for Rs.10,000. From this group one man started the work and every succeeding day one more manjoined him. Every man worked with half his capacity and the work was completed in exactly 15 days. Find the maximum amount earned by any man in the group.

(1) Rs.750 (2) Rs.1250 (3) Rs.1500 (4) None of these

20. A three digit number is such that the sum of the digit in the hundreds place and the tens place is 1 more than the digit in the units place.

It is also given that the digit in the tens place exceeds the square of the digit in the hundreds place by 1, and that the square of the digit in the units place diminished by 7 is the same as the sum of the squares of the other two digits. What is the number?

(1) 346 (2) 256 (3) 458 (4) 526

21. Abhijeet wants to buy a total of 100 plants using exactly a sum ofRs.100 that was with him. He can buy rose plants at Rs.2 per plant or marigold or sunflower plants at Rs.0.50 and Rs.O.IO per plant respectively. If he has to buy atleast one of each plant and cannot buy any other type of plant, then in how many distinct ways can Abhijeet make his purchase?

(1) 5 (2) 4 (3) 3 (4) 2

DIRECTIONS for Questions 22 to 24: These questions are based on the following data.

In a hockey tournament, India played one match each against Australia, Holland, Argentina, South Korea, South Africa and Pakistan and scored 0, 1,2,4,6 and 8 goals against these teams respectively. India conceded 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9 goals in the six matches, but not necessarily in that order. Future, the following information is known

(1) Of the six matches, India won three, lost two and drew one.

(2) In one of the matches, the number of goals scored by India is double that of what it conceded. (3) Australia scored neither seven nor nine goals against India.

(4) South Africa did not score 3 goals against India.

22. How many goals did India concede to Holland?

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 5

(4)

7

23. Which team scored the maximum number of goals against India in the tournament?

(1) Australia (2) Argentina (3) South Korea (4) Pakistan

24. How many goals did Pakistan score against India?

(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 5

(4)

7

DIRECTIONS for Questions 25 to 27: These questions are based on the following data.

Five men, all from different countries - Germany, China, Libya, Syria, and Cuba - decide to meet in a hotel in Delhi. Each man wears a shirt of a different colour from - Blue, Black, Pink, Brown and Ash. They come in five different vehicles - Porsche, Ford, Sonata, Santro and Safari.

A. The person who came in the Safari does not wear the Brown or Ash coloured shirt; neither the man from China nor the Libyan drives

a Safari and neither of them wears the Ash or Brown coloured shirt.

B. The man from China does not wear the Blue coloured shirt.

C The man who drives the Ford does not wear an Ash coloured shirt.

D. Neither the German nor the Cuban drives anything among Porsche, Sonata or Safari.

E. The man wearing the Black shirt had dinner along with four persons who were - the Cuban, the man from China, the man who drives the Porsche, and the man who drives the Ford.

25. Who drives the Porsche?
(1) German (2) Cuban (3) Libyan (4) Syrian
26. Who wears the Blue coloured shirt?
(1) German (2) Cuban (3) Libyan (4) Syrian
27. In which car did the man from China come?
(1) Porsche (2) Ford (3) Sonata (4) Santro DIRECTIONS for questions 28 to 30: These questions are based on the following data.

Trade Deficit of India during the Period 1999-2003

Exports and Dollar-Rupee exchange rate (in RsJ$) for the period 1999 to 2003

13

Year Exports in 1 US $ = Rs.
US $ billion
1999 42 43
2000 50 44
2001 52 46
2002 50 48
2003 62 45 ,....-
9 9
- 8 ,....-
6 -
;-- 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 TRADE DEFICIT - IMPORTS - EXPORTS

Sector wise Exports and Imports in the year 2002(By Value)

Share of each Share of each
Exports sector Imports sector
Diamonds 16% Fuel 27%
Clothing 22% Capital goods 12%
Engineering goods 16% Precious stones 9%
Chemicals 14% Electric goods 7%
Petroleum Products 5% Gold and Silver 9%
Leather 4% Chemicals 6%
Others 23% Others 30% 28. An importer received goods worth 30 $ million during 2002 and made the payment in US dollars in 2003. The effect of the fluctuation of the Dollar-Rupee exchange rate on this transaction is

(1) The Importer lost Rs.40.50 crore (2) The Importer gained Rs.90 crore

(3) The Importer lost Rs.4.05 crore (4) The Importer gained Rs.9 crore

29. Imports as a percentage of exports is the highest in which year?

(1) 1999 (2) 2000 (3) 2001

(4) None of these

30. In 2002, considering 'Others' as a single sector, how many sectors have imported more than 6 $ billion worth of goods?

(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) None of these

DIRECTIONS/or questions 31 to 33: These questions are based on the following data.

Information regarding the sales of widgets by company X during the period 1994-2001

---.---- ---- --;~.;.--- --- - -- -- - --- - -- - - .. ---- --

.____ _ -.-------- 15% 162/,% 15%

81iJ% -;-----,%-- , 10%

20%

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

2001

~The percentage market share of company X in total market sales of widgets (by value)

--- .. -- The profit ofcompany X as a percentage ufits total sales revenue

Total market sales of widgets (Rs. Average selling price of widgets of
Year thousands) company X (in Rs.)
1994 5,860 5
1995 6,600 4
1996 8,500 8
1997 10,500 9
1998 12,000 12
1999 14,500 15
2000 16,600 20
2001 18,800 20 Note: The company X manufactures and sells only widgets

31. If the percentage market share by volume of company X in the year 1995 was 50%, then what was the average selling price per widget of all the other companies put together?

(1) Rs.1.5 (2) Rs.2 (3) Rs.3 (4) Rs.7

32. In which year was the percentage increase in the profit of company X the highest?

(1) 1996 (2) 1997 (3) 1998 (4) 2001

33. Which year saw the highest number of widgets being sold by company X?

(1) 1995 (2) 1996 (3) 1997 (4) 1998

DIRECTIONS for questions 34 to 36: These questions are based on the following data.

TOP COMPANIES IN TERMS OFEMPWYEE SATISFACTION

Rank Name of the company Annual Sales Total Stan A B C D
(incrores) (in %)
1 Texas Insturments 265 832 8 7 170 18
2 Federal Express 913 207 0 14 1 4
3 Johnson & Johnson 3200 500 10 5 370 209
4 Eli Lilly 155 517 2 27 119 6
5 Phillips Software 160 860 1 6 45 13
6 Godrej 470 930 5 5 210 75
7 Wipro Spectra mind 196 6460 16 23 0 8
8 Nokia Indica 4600 166 6 5 29 3
9 Birla Sun Life 170 750 10 12 0 7
10 Cadbury India 690 1900 0 7 1200 540
11 Aviva Life 15 320 1 9 0 2
12 Tala Tele Services 240 600 0 4 3 5
13 NllT 800 3500 130 15 750 80
14 Ernst & Young 1200 200 1 22 10 0
15 Marico 740 660 2 3 180 40
16 Aditya Birla Group 14100 51000 540 1 5700 2200
17 Bharat Petroleum 56800 12500 320 2 1500 4500
18 Hughes Software 230 1800 10 72 120 12
19 Infosys Tech 3622 15000 30 5 1000 120
20 Max New York Life 95 750 5 26 0 8 A ~ Number of women in Senior Management roles

**B ~ Staff Turn over [Employees leaving the organization within a year of joining] C ~ Number of employees with a tenure of over 5 years

D ~ Number of employees over 45 years of age

** Data for B is approximate and in the course of calculations any figure in decimals is to be rounded to the nearest integer value.

RATINGS OF TIlE ORGANIZATION ON A SCALE OF TEN FOR VARIOUS PARAMETERS

lM) (N) (0) (P)
Rank Company Contentment at Team Work Opportunities for Fun at work place
WorkPlace growth
1 Texas Insturments 8 10 10 10
2 Federal Express 10 10 10 10
3 Johnson & Johnson 6 8 10 8
4 Eli Lilly 6 6 6 4
5 Phillips Software 6 6 6 8
6 Godrej 8 8 8 6
7 Wipro Spectra mind 10 10 10 10
8 Nokia India 6 6 6 6
9 Birla Sun Life 6 6 8 10
10 Cadbury India 6 6 4 6
11 Aviva Life 6 6 6 4
12 Tala Tele Services 6 6 8 8
13 NllT 6 6 6 6
14 Ernst & Young 6 6 4 10
15 Marico 6 6 10 4
16 Aditya Birla Group 6 6 4 6
17 Bharat Petroleum 6 6 4 6
18 Hughes Software 4 4 4 6
19 Infosys Tech 4 4 4 6
20 Max New York Life 6 6 6 6 34. How many companies in this survey do not have more than 50 people quitting the organization within a year or have more than 87.5% of their staff below the age of 45 years?

(1) More than 10 but less than 13 (2) Less than 10

(3) More than 13 but less than 17 (4) More than or equal to 17

35. How many companies in this survey have a higher combined rating on parameters M and a than on parameters N and P?

(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 5 (4) More than 5

36. The number of employees quitting the organization having the highest staff turn-over (in numerical terms) within an year of joining is how much more than the number of employees quitting the organization having the highest staff turnover (in percentage terms)?

(1) 170 (2) 180 (3) 190 (4) Data inconsistent

DIRECTIONS for Question 37 to 39: Each question is followed by two statements. You have to decide whether the information provided in the statements is sufficient for answering the question.

Choose 1 if the question can be answered by using one of the statements alone, but cannot be answered by using the other statement alone. Choose 2 if the question can be answered by using either statement alone.

Choose 3 if the question can be answered by using both the statements together, but cannot be answered by using either statement alone. Choose 4 if the question cannot be answered even by using both the statements together.

37. Ranks from 1 to 5 are given to five students - P, Q, R, S and T in the descending order of their marks. It is also known that no two students got the same marks. Who got the 1 st rank?

A: P got more marks than R but less marks than T.

B: Q got more marks than R and S got less marks than T.

38. Only if the student gets atleast 20 marks in DI section and 18 in QA Section in the CAT exam, then he will get a call from the lIM's.

Did Niranjan who wrote CAT, get a call from the TIM's?

A: He did not get 30 marks in any section in the CAT exam. B : Niranjan got 19 marks in DI.

39. In how many ways can a natural number M be written as a difference of two perfect squares?

A. M is an even number having 4 factors.

B. M is an even number not divisible by 4.

DIRECTIONS for questions 40 to 47: Read the passages given below and answer the questions that follow.

The debate on the relative importance of nature (genetics) and nurture (environment) in determining human traits has been prolonged and often acrimonious. Great minds have engaged in it over the last 300 years, including philosophers John Locke and Thomas Hobbes, and scientists Stephen Gould, Richard Lewontin, and Edward Wilson. The problem is that most of the debate has proceeded on the basis of either a simplistically dichotomous view of the question, or with a dearth of relevant empirical evidence. The controversy has in fact largely been solved when it comes to plants and non-human animals. Unfortunately, most rank?philosophers are not aware of such progress, which has taken place within the arcane discipline of evolutionary ecology. On the other hand, most scientists keep focusing on the special case of humans which - while obviously the most interesting - has demonstrated to be the most recalcitrant to empirical analysis and the most open to philosophical inquiry.

While it is safe to say that humans have always investigated their own nature and have certainly done so since the onset of Greek philosophy, modem positions on the issue of nature/nurture may more or less clearly be traced to the works of two English philosophers, John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. Locke (1632-1704) was the founder of the school known as empiricism, holding that knowledge can be gained only through the use of the senses, as opposed to rationalism, according to which the mind can derive knowledge solely on logical grounds. On the question of human nature, Locke thought of the human mind as a tabula rasa (literally, a blank slate). On it, experience writes and moulds the individual throughout her life. Innate thoughts do not enter the picture, according to this view. Interestingly, Locke's theory of human nature -like the ones espoused by biologists such as Gould and Lewontin in modem times - was tightly coupled with his social theories. Locke thought that people are born essentially good and with equal rights, and that an ideal society should reflect these fundamental assumptions.

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) espoused a different notion. In his books, and particularly in the famous 'Leviathan', he proposed that mechanical processes control human actions, which are innately fearful and violent. Consequently, the only hope for humans is to submit entirely to an organised state (and religious authority), so to be forced to live in a reasonable way. This is not a far cry from the right-wing politics implicitly or explicitly adopted by some social scientists involved in the modem debate, such as Arthur Jensen, R J Hermstein, and C Murray.

Of course, modem philosophers and scientists readily acknowledge that human traits are in fact the result of both nature and nurture, but they are usually also quick to add that one of these two components takes precedence. For example, Gould, Lewontin and others think that the environment is the major determinant of human nature. Their position could hardly be summarised more concisely than by the title of one of Lewontin' s books, 'Not in Our Genes' . If the causes of intelligence, aggression, or whatever other aspect of our behaviour are not in our genes, they must surely be found in the environment. On the other side of the divide, Jensen, Hermstein, Murray, Wilson (albeit in a category of his own) and many others are convinced that genetics and natural selection have shaped the physical as well as mental characteristics of all living beings, including humans. When Murray suggests (in the title of one of his articles) that 'IQ will put you in your place' he is assuming that IQ is written in stone in the DNA of each one of us.

A solution to the nature/nurture problem has been at hand since the beginning of the 20th century, with the introduction in evolutionary biology of the concept of 'reaction norm' . Simply put, a reaction norm is the set of all possible morphologies and behaviours that a living

organism with certain genes can exhibit whenever exposed to a variety of environmental conditions. Biologists have quickly come to realise that if one changes either the genes or the environment, the resulting behaviour can be dramatically different.

The concept of reaction norms has dealt a fatal blow to a staple of nature/nurture discussions throughout the last century: the much vaunted (or criticised, depending on the author) measure of 'heritability' of a trait. When we hear (or read in newspapers, textbooks, and even technical papers) that the heritability of, say, intelligence (or homosexuality, or what have you) is 70% we tend to conclude that that is a major reason to believe that genes have a lot to do with determining the trait in question. Yet, biologists working on plants and animals have shown over and again that heritability changes dramatically (sometimes between 0 and 100%!) if one studies a different population of the same species, or even the same population raised in a different environment. Furthermore, we now understand that genetic influences do not imply rigid determinism: studies of reaction norms in a variety of organisms have shown that the genes only set the limits of what an organism can do, but that within such limits the degree of 'plasticity' of the organism - its ability to respond to different environmental challenges - can be very high.

Perhaps one of the best examples of the true relationship between nature and nurture is found in classic experiments performed by Cooper and Zubek in the late 1950s. They compared 'intelligence', as measured by the ability to avoid mistakes in running through a maze, in two genetically distinct lines of rats. One line had been selected for high performance in the maze ('bright' rats), the other for particularly low performance ('dull' rats). When reared under a standard environment, comparable to the one in which the selection process occurred, the two lines showed a highly significant difference in their abilities (i.e., a high 'heritability' of the trait). Cooper and Zubek, however, also reared individuals of the two lines in two other environments: a situation in which the cage was entirely devoid of visual and tactile stimuli ('poor' environment), and one in which the developing animals were exposed to brightly coloured walls and toys ('enriched' environment). The results were simply stunning: under the poor conditions, the bright rats performed as badly as the dull ones, while under the enriched environment the dull rats did as well as the bright ones (and the heritability of intelligence plummeted to zero in both cases)! The inescapable conclusion is that maze-running ability in rats is very plastic, and that different genes may lead to similar behaviours depending on environmental conditions.

So, why is there still such an acrimonious debate among philosophers and scientists about nature and nurture in humans? Because for both technical and ethical reasons we simply cannot perform on ourselves the sort of clear-cut experiments that Cooper and Zubek carried out on rats. Not only do humans have a very long life span and encounter very complex environments during their typical lifetime, but it is obviously unacceptable to experimentally breed human beings and control their environment for the sole purpose of scientific or philosophical investigation (or for any purpose, most would argue).

Unfortunately, this means that we are left with no sensible answer to a crucial question. Regrettably, it should be clear by now that this is where the line must be drawn and that the only honest answer a philosopher or a scientist can give is 'I do not know'. There is of course a strong temptation to keep guessing anyway. The fact remains, however, that there are - and always will be - some questions that science cannot answer (either at the moment, or in general).

Learning to live with this conclusion actually empowers the scientist, because by not pretending to be omniscient, she can enjoy the fruits of the most effective tool humans have devised so far to understand the world around us.

40. The phrase, 'the most effective tool' as used in the passage implies the field of

(1) evolutionary biology. (2) philosophy.

(3) science. (4) empirical analysis.

41. The essence of the passage is best expressed by one of the following: (1) No single factor can be pinpointed as determining human nature.

(2) A person reacts in a particular way as a result of his experiences changing his thought prousses. (3) A person is not born with a particular type of nature.

(4) Man behaves the way he does as a result of the of genetics and environment interaction.

42. Who, among the following, is credited with the concept of reaction norm?

(1) Lewontin (2) Murray

(3) Cooper and Zubek (4) N:m:hlne

43. The debate mentioned in the passage

A. tended to be argued either in black or white previously.

B. can never reach a logical conclusion.

C suffers due to the absence of empirical evidence that involves humans. D. is being argued by people harbouring anachronistic views.

(1) Only A and C are true but definitely not D.

(2) Only B and C are true but definitely not A.

(3) Only A and D are true but definitely not B.

(4) Only C and D are true but definitely not B.

When your friends start looking for proofs of your existence, you're heading for trouble. That was God's situation as the millennium got into its stride. Few ordinary folk, though they had different names for him, doubted the reality of God. He was up there somewhere (up, not down; in his long career, no one ever located him on the seabed), always had been, always would be. Yet not quite so far up, in the churches and monasteries of Europe, many of its cleverest men would soon be racking their brains for ways of proving it. Anselm, for instance, and others centuries later, such as Descartes, reckoned if you could think of God, then there must be a god to think of. Thomas

Acquinas saw everything in motion, so there must be someone to give the first push. Others felt that a universe so elegantly designed as ours plainly must have a designer. And so on, and ingeniously on.

Yet why bother with proof, if everyone knew it anyway? One, because great brains are like that; two, because not everyone did. Out there were the gentiles, Saracens and such. But did not they too say, ''There is no God but God"? Yes, but they didn't mean what good Christians meant. They must be taught better. And there God's troubles began. They were largely his own fault. Like many great personalities, he had countless admirers who detested each other - and he let them do so. For one of infinite knowledge, he was strangely careless how he spread what bits of it to whom. To some he dictated the Bible; to Muhammad the Koran. He was much concerned with the diet of Jews. He let Hindus paint him as what, to others, looked like a blue-faced flute-player with an interest in dairy-farming. Each set of believers had its version of what he was like and what he had said. No wonder cynics began to hint that, if believers differed so widely, belief might be a mistake.

The believers then made things worse. For soon it was not sects but sub-sects. Christians nationalised God, as Jews had long since, like some coal mine. He's on our side, the English told the French. No, ours, Joan of Arc hit back. Next, the Reformers privatised him: "unser Gott," fine, yet not the king's or the church's, but each man's own. From this umpteen versions of what "he" might amount to, or think, were apt to spring, and did. Close kin could disagree. As late as 1829, a bishop warned Britain's House of Lords of divine retribution if it granted civic rights to Jews; happily, their lordships, aware that stupidity thrived in God's house as in their own, took the risk. In the 1840s American Methodism split, north against south, arguing whether his word condemned slavery or justified it.

Nor did the rivals seem even to believe their own versions. The Christians turned not cheeks but swords against Muslims, Jews and each other. Muslims, while averring that "in religion there is no compulsion", did the like to them and to Hindus, and put to death apostates from Islam. For centuries, such rivalries led to torrents of blood. Was this a good God at work? "Tantum religio potuit suadere malorum," the Roman poet Lucretius had written: that's where superstition leads. It was no disproof of clerical logic, but it was a reasonable point. And in time reason began to take a hand. God, OK, but less mumbo-jumbo, said a platoon of English "deists" in the early 18th century; we can reach him without revelation, let alone incense. This was a risky step, as French and German thinkers were soon to prove. If human reason was so powerful, did man need God? No, said Enlightened men like Diderot (to be silenced, but not convinced, when the mathematician Euler told him "a + b" over n = x, done Dieu existe"). The French revolution buried God, albeit Napoleon soon dug him out.

Darwin did not help, blowing apart the first book of the Bible. Nor did critical 19th-century German micro-examination of what was left. Sti11less did men like Marx, who saw the close links between the ruling class and the ruling churches, and was eager to blow up both; come the 20th century, the Soviet Union did so, literally. Religion was the opium of the people, give them the adrenalin of communism instead. God was dead, as Nietzche has announced; and even if the superman Neitzche envisaged to replace him somehow never got born, communist man could do it

Trouble was, communist man didn't; the people did not agree; and the corpse just wouldn't lie down. He popped up in the oddest places. "You don't find many atheists in a landing-craft heading for Normandy," recorded a padre abroad one such in June 1944; even though the Almighty was about to let many of their joint flock be turned into fish-food. A Frenchjoumalist, no less, was ready in the 1960s with the best possible evidence, if it was true: a book entitled "God exists, I have met him". (Or could it have been "her", as even the current pope was heard to hint recently?) And this was in the cynical, questioning, anti-authoritarian West. Ever fewer westerners share the church's - or the synagogue's - beliefs, and far fewer still attend their services. Yet outside the rarefied world of thinkers, remarkably few deny the possibility of a supreme being; less than 10% of Americans. In Muslim and Hindu societies, the thought is barely heard. The test will come on Judgement Day, when man, we are told, will meet his maker. Or will it be God meeting his?

44. The declaration of the padre, abroad a plane heading for Normandy

(1) shows that when confronted with death, people become believers of God instantly. (2) raises doubts about God's gender.

(3) gives proof of God's existence.

(4) shows that the plane was about to crash.

45. That people not only differed in their beliefs but failed in their own is shown by (1) the superstitions attached to religion.

(2) people's failure to follow the tenets of their religion. (3) the emergence of communism.

(4) the French Revolution.

46. The concluding statement of the passage

(1) makes it clear that believers donot need any proof of God's existence. (2) is a reflection of the author's stance on God's existence.

(3) says that the proof of God's existence will depend on each person's unique perception of the issue. (4) winds up the argument about the existence of atheists.

47. Pick out the statements that are true, according to the passage.

A. The Roman poet Lucretius was a believer in superstitions.

B. Less than 10% of the Americans believe in the possibility of a supreme being.

C Anselm and Descartes declared that thinking of God is itself proof of His existence.

D. Thomas Aquinas believed that somebody must have given the first push to the movements in the universe. E Nietzsche dug out God who had been buried in the French Revolution.

(1) A, B and E (2) C, D and E (3) A and B only (4) C and D only

DIRECTIONS for Questions 48 to 52: The poem given below is followed by five questions. Choose the best answer to each question.

He was found by the Bureau of statistics to be One against whom there was no official complaint, And all the reports on his conduct agree

That, in the modern sense of an old-fashioned word, he was a saint, For in everything he did he served the Greater Community.

Except for the War till the day he retired

He worked in a factory and never got fired,

But satisfied his employers, Fudge Motors Inc. Yet he wasn't a scab or odd in his views,

For his Union reports that he paid his dues, (Our report on his Union shows it was sound) And our Social Psychology workers found

That he was popular with his mates and liked a drink.

The Press was convinced that he bought a paper everyday

And that his reactions to advertisements were normal in every way. Policies taken out in his name prove that he was fully insured,

And his Health-card shows he was once in hospital but left it cured. Both Producers Research and High-Grade Living declare

He was fully sensible to the advantages of the Instalment Plan And had everything necessary to the Modern Man,

A photograph, a radio, a car and a frigidaire.

Our researchers into Public Opinion are content

That he held the proper opinions for the time of year;

When there was peace, he was for peace; when there was war, he went. He was married and added five children to the population,

Which our Eugenist says was the right number for a parent of his generation, And our teachers report that he never interfered with their education.

Was he free? Was he happy? The question is absurd:

Had anything been wrong, we should certainly have heard.

48. In the modern sense, a saint probably means one who

(1) is holy and religious. (2) has not broken the law.

(3) actively serves society. (4) wears all the trappings of religion.

49. What kind of a society, do you think, is implied in the poem?

(1) amilitaryregime (2) an aristocratic society

(3) a democratic society (4) a communist society

50. As per the poem, the Modern Man is one who (1) does precisely what is expected of him. (3) takes advantage of buying in instalment.

(2) has all the modern day appliances. (4) has a civic sense.

51. The poem is about

(1) an eccentric person. (3) a common man.

(2) an idiosyncratic person. (4) an ideal man.

52. The question 'Was he happy?' is absurd because (1) everything points to his happiness.

(2) his mental state is of no concern to the government.

(3) a government can be concerned with its citizen's physical state only. (4) the government deals in facts.

DIRECTIONS for Questions 53 to 56: The sentences given in each question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of sentences, from among the given choices, to construct a coherent paragraph.

53. A. Today a vast criss-crossing grid of such satellites parked in geostationary orbits has become the basis of the entire satellite communication industry.

B. He suggested constructing a sky-hook or tower like structure thousands of kilometres in height, fixed to the earth's surface at one point and attached to a geostationary satellite at the other.

C In 1945, Arthur C.Clark proposed the idea of a geostationary satellite.

D. Fortunately for people who thought he was joking, Clark said such an elevator would only be built about 50 years after everyone stops laughing.

E In his latest novel, Clarke proposed an even more mind boggling and far-fetched concept; a radically different approach to reaching the outer space by means of a space elevator.

R This idea, which was beyond the technological capability of any nation at that time, became a reality less than 20 years later.

(1) EBDCFA (2) CEFBAD (3) EDFCAB (4) CFAEBD

54. A.
B.
C
D.
E
(1)
55. A.
B.
C
D.
(1) For the media planner, advertising is an all-India mass consumption good, therefore, it is no longer as simple as looking at the aggregate numbers to reach a decision.

The fact that there are as many as 224 channels today shows just how complicated it is for media planners to optimally allocate the advertising pie.

But what complicates the matters further is the resurgence of regionallanguagechannels. For those peddling their wares to highly localised markets, the cable operator's

channels put together have a higher share than almost all private channels.

The good news however, is that viewership across programmes is getting concentrated with the best rated programmes steadily increasing their lead and the lesser ones gradually falling behind.

ABCDE (2) ADECB (3) BCAED (4) BADCE

America has the final say and has not yet made clear its intentions but consensus seems to be evolving towards having him tried by an Iraqi court rather than an international one.

So after Saddam Hussain surrendered to American troops from his hole-in-the ground hideway, the world is avidly discussing the fate of Iraq's former dictator.

Having a genocidal killer in the dock is a relative rarity.

President George Bush has already weighed in on his captive's eventual fate - Saddam should face the 'ultimate penalty' - which came as no surprise as Mr. Bush is well known for his liberal use of the death penalty during his governorship.

CBAD (2) ADBC (3) CDBA (4) ACBD

DIRECTIONS for Questions 56 to 58: In each of the questions, four different ways of presenting an idea are given. Choose the one that conforms most closely to standard English usage.

56. A.
B.
C
D.
(1)
57. A.
B.
C
D.
(1)
58. A.
B.
C
D.
(1) The opportunity before business schools today is to create new cadre of management professionals who can understand the new dynamics of global business environment within a framework of business ethics and corporate governance.

The opportunity in business schools today is to create new cadre for management professionals who could understand the new dynamics of global business environment within a framework of business ethics and corporate governance.

The opportunity before business schools today is in creating new cadre for managing professionals who can understand the new dynamics of global business environment on a framework of business ethics and corporate governance.

The opportunity in business schools today is in creating new cadre of managing professionals who could understand the new dynamics of global business environment on a framework of business ethics and corporate governance.

A (2) B (3) C (4) D

Trafficking is a widespread problem, which is not only on the increase, because of growing demand, but also because of larger and more various sources of supply giving the increasingly precarious livelihood condition in many rural parts of Asia. Trafficking is not only a widely-spread problem which is on the increase because of growing demand, but also because of larger and more varied sources of supply increasingly giving precarious livelihood conditions in many rural parts of Asia. Trafficking is a widespread problem, which is on the increase, not only because of growing demand, but also because of larger and more varied sources of supply given the increasingly precarious livelihood conditions in many rural parts of Asia. Trafficking is a widely spread problem which has been on the increase, not only because of larger and more varied sources of supply increasingly giving precarious livelihood conditions in many rural parts of Asia.

A (2) B (3) C (4) D

One of the most damning statistics regarding India's girl child shows that the preference for a son runs across rich as well as poor households, educated as well as illiterate families.

One of the most damning statistics regarding Indian's girl child show that the preference for a son runs through rich as well as poor households, educated and illiterate families.

One of the most damning statistics that runs across rich as well as poor households educated as well as illiterate families regarding India's girl child show a preference for a son.

One of the most damning statistics regarding Indias girl child shows a preference for a son across rich as well as poor households; educated and illiterate families.

A (2) B (3) C (4) D

DIRECTIONS for questions 59 to 62: For each of the words below a context is provided. From the alternatives given pick the word that is closest in meaning in the given context.

59. Resilience: It is a tribute to the resilience of the Mumbaikar that the city bounced back to normalcy in a short period.

(1) tolerance (2) strength (3) hard work (4) irrepressibility

60. Riven: In a world riven by first ideological and then fundamentalist violence, the U.N. has often provided the only beacon of hope.

(1) alienated (2) antagonised (3) tom apart (4) challenged

61. Scotch: Rumours must be scotched before more damage is done.

(1) changed (2) corrected (3) stopped

(4) averted

62. Impasse: What has contributed to the impasse is the personal unpopularity of the king.

(1) fiasco (2) damage (3) repercussion (4) deadlock

DIRECTIONS for questions 63 to 66: In each of the following sentences, a part of the sentence is underlined. Beneath each sentence, four different ways of phrasing the underlined parts are indicated. Choose the best alternative among the four.

63. Most state governments are reeling under the impact of below-cost water and electricity charges, and if it is made clear that central government bailouts are not any more justified, they may not have any option but to raise these tariffs themselves.

(1) if central government bailouts are shown to be irrelevant,

(2) if it is made clear that no more central government bailouts are possible, (3) if it is clarified that more central government bailouts are impossible,

(4) if it is made clear that central government bailouts are not any more justified,

64. The sudden storm confounded the predictions about the arrival of the monsoon; the occurrence of the rare cyclone in the bay rendered forecasters and civil authorities helpless in several places.

(1) rare occurrence of the cyclone in the bay caught forecasters and civil authorities unawares in several places

(2) happening of the cyclone in the bay was so rare that it caught forecasters and civil authorities in several places by surprise (3) occurrence of the rare cyclone in the bay rendered forecasters and civil authorities helpless in several places

(4) forecasters and civil authorities were left high and dry by the rare occurrence of the cyclone in the bay

65. Two years ago, when negotiations began for the treaty, which seeks to bring about a global ban on nuclear testing, India remained one of the greatest powers behind it.

(1) one of the most vocal nations supporting the treaty was India (2) India acted as one of the most active protagonists

(3) India remained one of the greatest powers behind it

(4) India had been one of its most active proponents

66. The fact that four hours of study is allocated by the children in the midst of a day of incessant labour is a triumph of will over a child's natural desire to be carefree.

(1) How the children fit in four hours of study in the midst of a day

(2) That the children spend a day to leave four hours for study in the midst

(3) The fact that four hours of study is allocated by the children in the midst of a day (4) The act of the children in a day to set aside four hours for study in the midst

DIRECTIONS for questions 67 to 69: In each question, the word at the top of the table is used in four different ways numbered 1 to 4.

Choose the option in which the usage of the word is INCORRECT or INAPPROPRIATE.

67. CLEAR

(1) My mother asked me to clear the papers of the desk.

(2) Steam inhalation clears congestion and helps one to breathe more easily. (3) Rita stood on the terrace to get a clear view of the procession.

(4) Mr. Mehta had great difficulty to clear his name of all suspicion.

68. DMDE

(1) The members of the gang divided the loot among themselves. (2) The dividing line between right and wrong is not always clear. (3) In India, the British followed a policy of divide and rule.

(4) A lot of blood has been shed because of divide between Catholics and Protestants.

69. EXCUSE

(1) Excuse me, is this the entrance to the stadium?

(2) You might be excused thinking that the show begins at 6. (3) Now if you will excuse me, I must leave for office.

(4) Don't come up with another excuse for coming late!