Guide to

Water Supply
Regulations 2009

Issued by:
The Regulation and Supervision Bureau
for the water, wastewater and electricity sector
in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi
www.rsb.gov.ae

January 2009
 List of revisions

Revision Date Prepared Checked Issued to:

Number by: by:

ER/P04/003
Dec 2003 JS LH Publication
Issue 1

ER/P04/003
Jan 2008 JS CH Publication
Issue 2

2 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

Table of contents

List of Revisions 2

Guide Overview 7
Glossary 13

1. Water storage tanks 21

Water demand and sizing criteria 21
Fire fighting reserve 24
Tank storage capacity 25
Ground storage tank and roof cistern
general requirements 26
Operation of and maintenance procedure for
storage tanks 35
Reinforced concrete water storage tanks and reservoirs 36
Reinforced plastic water storage tanks 38
Glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) water storage tanks 41
Galvanized steel tanks 44

2. Water Fittings 45
Materials and substances used in water fittings 45
Testing, disinfection and flushing 59

3. Water pumps and treatment apparatus 63

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 3

 4. Water meter provision and installation
arrangements 67
General arrangements 67
Meter standards and regulations 68
Illegal tampering 68
Water meter housing 69
Test meters 69
Externally-installed meters 69
Internally-installed meters 70
Water meter identification tags 71
Water meter installation 71
Grouping of water meters 72
Pressure-reducing valves 72
Location of water meters 73
Meter installation 73
Setting out 74

5. Service connections 75
Standard service connection 75
Type of service connections 80

6. Approvals, inspection, safety and

quality control 81
Approval of water fittings 81
Inspection and testing 81
Quality control 81
Safety requirements 81

Annexes 83

4 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 5
6 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009
Guide Overview

Background

1. The objective of this Guide is to explain:

(a) the water connection arrangement; and
(b) the water fittings requirements

a Distribution Company and its customers must follow in order to

prevent wastage, contamination and overconsumption.

2. This Guide has been developed in consultation with the Distribution

Companies along with private and government organisations.

In developing this Guide, the Bureau has referred to the following
standards, regulations and guidelines:
(a) Standard Specification for Water Works (Abu Dhabi Water
and Electricity Authority);
(b) Unification of Water Supply and Plumbing Regulations –
Gulf Co-operation Council;
(c) General Guidelines – Water Distribution – Abu Dhabi
Distribution Company;
(d) Water Supply (Water Fitting) Regulations – UK; and
(e) British Standard BS 6700.

3. Other documents and regulations which define the requirements

for the general arrangements of a distribution system, metering,
electrical wiring and water quality are:
(a) Water Distribution Code (WDC) – The WDC is designed
to govern the operation of the water distribution system
and define connection arrangements at the entry and exit
points. These arrangements are concerned with the planning,
connection and operation of the distribution system;
(b) The Water Quality Regulations (WQR) – These Regulations
aim to ensure a high and consistent quality of product is
delivered to customers. The WQR define the permissible
concentrations for a range of water quality parameters and

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 7

 the monitoring requirements for assessing compliance. They
follow the World Health Organisation (WHO) Water Quality
Guidelines and ensure water is fit for human consumption;
(c) The Customer Metering Regulations – These regulations
define specifications for customers’ water and electricity
meters; and
(d) The Electricity Wiring Regulations – These regulations
establish standards and principles that promote the design,
construction and operation of safe and efficient wiring
systems.

Purpose

4. This Document (Guide to Water Supply Regulations) provides

guidance in support of the Water Supply Regulations (2009).

5. The purpose of this Guide is to provide details of the general

principles and basic design considerations which will ensure the safe,
reliable and secure construction and operation of customer service
connections.

6. This Guide is intended to assist the designers, installers, customer

and the Responsible Person(s) in understanding the requirements for
a sound and reliable water supply connection.

7. The Guide ensures compliance with applicable international and

national standards and industry best practice.

Scope and application

8. This Guide shall apply to:

(a) any person applying for a new water connection, whether
permanent or temporary;
(b) the person responsible for rearranging an existing connection,
including a meter installation, or for disconnection from a
Distribution Company’s system; and
(c) the person responsible for the maintenance and operation of

8 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 a plumbing system in a customer’s Premises.

9. This Guide covers that part of the water supply installation between
a Distribution Company’s system and a customer’s installation, which
generally consists of a service connection, water fittings, meter and
storage tanks.

10. The scope of this Guide does not include the water distribution
system belonging to Distribution Companies, except for the fittings
that are required at the interface with customers.

11. The Bureau will ensure that regular reviews and updates are carried
out after consultation with Distribution Companies and persons
affected, and will publish reprints accordingly.

Existing arrangements

12. Any connection arrangement installed prior to 30 September 2003

shall not be subject to this Guide unless that arrangement contravenes
material of construction, wastage or contamination requirements
as given in the Regulations. A prior consent shall be granted by a
Distribution Company before any additions or modifications to an
existing connection arrangement are carried out.

Quality of installations

13.Distribution Companies have an obligation to ensure that hygiene

procedures related to the installation of water fittings are followed
during installation work. A Distribution Company may therefore
request that individuals involved in such installation work undergo
a competency test prepared in accordance with its practices and
standards in order to ensure the quality of this work.

Quality of supply

14.As prescribed in the Water Supply Regulations, a Distribution

Company shall:
(a) maintain a minimum pressure of 1.25 bar (12.5 metres) at
the main supply pipe to a customer during normal supply

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 9

 conditions;
(b) ensure that under normal operating conditions sufficient water
is supplied to meet reasonable demand; and
(c) evaluate the size of any connection with consideration to
friction losses for all types of service connections.

15.A Distribution Company shall also ensure the water it supplies meets
the Water Quality Regulations.

Application for a connection

16.An application shall be accompanied by:

(a) a location site plan;
(b) an application form prepared by the appropriate Distribution
Company;
(c) a scale drawing of the customer internal water system plan;
and
(d) any other relevant documents a Distribution Company may
request, as specified in Annex A.

17.A cost estimate, material inventory and connection arrangements

shall be prepared by a Distribution Company to facilitate the
connection to customers.

10 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

Operation and maintenance

18.The Responsible Person must ensure water fittings and storage tanks
are inspected and maintained according to the procedures set out in
this Guide.

19.If, during inspection by a Distribution Company, it is found that

a storage tank, including its water fittings, does not comply with
the Regulations, it shall be considered non-compliant, and an
Improvement Notice shall be issued by the Distribution Company
on the Responsible Person.

20.Failure to comply with such an Improvement Notice, or with any

follow-up inspection report or instructions from a Distribution
Company, shall result in the Responsible Person being issued with a
final notice, upon which the water supplied to the Premises shall be
disconnected.

21.Upon compliance by the Responsible Person, and following further

inspection and approval by the Distribution Company, the drinking-
water supply shall be reconnected to the Premises.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 11

12 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009
Glossary

ADWEA Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority

established under the Law

Adequate that the water pressure is not less than 1.25

Network Pressure bar (12.5 metres head) at the Distribution
Company supply pipe to the Premises, and
that there is sufficient pressure to deliver water
directly to the roof tanks of low-rise buildings
not higher than 10 metres from the supply
connection pipe invert level

Bureau the Regulation and Supervision Bureau for the

Water and Electricity Sector in the Emirate of
Abu Dhabi

Backflow flow upstream that is in a direction contrary to

the intended normal direction of flow, within
or from a water fitting

Ball Float Valve any float-operated valve for controlling the

inflow of water to a cistern or a tank

British Standard a standard or specification published under

the authority of the General Council of the
British Standards Institution, and shall be the
current revision of the standard

Contamination includes any alteration in chemical or

biological quality of water due to a change in
temperature or the introduction of polluting
substances

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 13

 Customer the person to whom the Distribution Company
supplies water

Distribution the Distribution Company established

Company pursuant to the Law

Distributing Pipe any pipe not owned by the Water Distribution

Company (other than a warning, overflow or
flushing pipe) conveying water from a ground
storage tank, storage cistern, or from hot
water apparatus supplied from a cistern and
under pressure from that cistern

Distribution the system consisting (wholly or mainly) of

System water pipes owned or operated by the licensee
and used for the distribution of wholesome
water to the point of delivery to customers

Fire Service the pipes, tanks, pumps and fittings installed

for the purpose of firefighting

Ground Storage the tank at the point of delivery from the

Tanks Distribution Company for storing water for
subsequent use, not being a cistern

Improvement a notice prepared by the Distribution

Notice Company and approved by the Bureau for
the purpose of instructing the Responsible
Person to comply with the Regulations

Licence a licence issued by the Regulation and

Supervision Bureau pursuant to the Law

14 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

Law Law No (2) of 1998 (as amended by Law
No (19) of 2007) concerning the Regulation
of the Water and Electricity Sector in the
Emirate of Abu Dhabi and Law No (17) of
2005 (as amended by Law No (18) of 2007)
and Law No (12) of 2008 concerning the
Regulation of the Wastewater Sector (and
as otherwise amended from time to time)

Overflow Pipe a pipe from a cistern in which water flows only

when the water level in the cistern exceeds a
predetermined level

Pressure Relief a pressure-activated valve which opens

Valve (PRV) automatically at a specified pressure to
discharge fluid

Premises a tract or plot of land and includes the

buildings and any appurtenances on the
land. A Premises may contain more than
one property or dwelling and more than one
Customer

Responsible the person who owns or carries responsibility

Person for the Water Fittings. (That person can
be a contractor, a consultant or others as
appointed or authorized by the owner to
liaise with the Distribution Company to
fulfil the requirements of the water supply
connection)

Roof Tank a fixed container, cistern, or break tank

located on the roof of a building for holding
or storing water at atmospheric pressure, not
being a ground storage tank

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 15

 Servicing Valve a valve for shutting off, for the purpose of
maintenance or service, the flow of water in a
pipe connected to a water fitting

Stop Valve a valve, other than a Servicing Valve, used for

shutting off the flow of water in a pipe

Terminal Fitting a water outlet device

Tank Capacity in relation to a cistern or tank, the volume

of storage, excluding the unusable top level,
measured up to the level of water that can
be reached according to the inflow control
device setting

Wholesome Water water that is in compliance with the Water

Quality Regulations

Vent Pipe a pipe open to the atmosphere which exposes

the system to atmospheric pressure at its
boundary

Water Fitting pipes, pipe fittings, joints, valves, backflow

prevention devices including the Customer’s
ground storage tank or roof cistern. Without
limiting the foregoing, “Water Fitting”
will include pump, meter or any other
relevant fittings to facilitate the connection
arrangement to the customer

Water Quality the Water Quality Regulations issued by the

Regulations Bureau under Article 62 of the Law

16 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

Water Supply the Water Supply Regulations 2003 issued
Regulations by the Bureau under Article 62 of the Law

Water Meter a device used for measurement of water flow

which is either read manually or recorded
remotely

Warning Device a device that is installed in water storage

tanks (capacity >100,000 litres, or about
22,000 imperial gallons) to indicate water is
overflowing

Point of Delivery the point at which the water leaves the

Distribution System and enters the Customer’s
Water Fittings. Generally the point of delivery
is at the main service connection Stop Valve.

Abbreviations

AC asbestos cement

ADFCA Abu Dhabi Food Control Authority

BS British Standard

BSP British Standard Pipe

DI ductile iron

EU European Union

EPDM ethylene propylene diene monomer

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 17

 GRE glass-reinforced epoxy

GRP glass-reinforced plastic

HDPE high-density polyethylene

ISO International Standards Organisation

MAOP maximum allowable operating pressure

MDPE medium-density polyethylene

NSF National Science Foundation (US)

PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)

PVC polyvinyl chloride

QA/QC quality assurance/quality control

SDR standard dimension ratio

uPVC unplasticised polyvinyl chloride

UV ultraviolet

WDC Water Distribution Code

WQR Water Quality Regulations

WRAS Water Regulations Advisory Scheme (UK)

WRc Water Research Council (UK)

WSR Water Supply Regulations

18 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

Units

ºC degree Celsius

bar metric unit of atmospheric pressure

(10m head)
g grammes

gallon imperial gallon (1 gallon = 4.55 litres)

hr hour

kg kilogramme

kgf kilogramme force

kg/m3 kilogramme per cubic metre (density)

km kilometre

l/s litre per second (velocity)

m metre

mg/l milligram per litre (concentration)

ml millilitre

mm millimetre

MPa megapascal (tensile strength) or pressure

m/s metre per second (velocity)

N/mm2 newton per square millimetre (tensile

strength) or pressure
W/m2 K watt per square metre per unit temperature
difference (thermal conductivity)
” inch

’ foot

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 19

20 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009
Water Storage Tanks 1
Water demand and sizing criteria

1.1 The demand criteria in Table 1.1 should only be used as a

guide when calculating the size of storage tanks. They may
also be used by the Distribution Company for sizing new
water service connections and fittings. However, in line with
Distribution Company demand management practices,
which ensure that ‘reasonable demand’ is constantly
monitored, consumption rates may be modified. Please
refer to the relevant Distribution Company for updated
rates.

1.2 The figures in Table 1.1 are estimates of daily demand

rate in both litres and imperial gallons for various types
of residential and commercial Premises. Sizing of water
connections to agricultural, industrial and other high-
consumption customers shall be determined by the
Distribution Company’s supply and demand management
policies.

1.3 The provision of ground storage tanks at customer

Premises (particularly in low-rise buildings not higher than
10 metres) shall be considered following consultation with
the relevant Distribution Company to verify the availability
of Adequate Network Pressure as prescribed in the Water
Supply Regulations.
Table 1.1

Estimates of Rounded
Type of daily rate of estimates of
Premises & Description consumption daily rate of
consumption (imperial consumption
categories gallons) (litres)
Hotel 1 hotel (per one bed) 100-150 450-650
Car wash station
CWS (per channel) 1000 4500
(CWS)
Hospital hospital (per one bed) 100 450
common market (per
Common market 1.1 5
square metre)
mosques (per square
Mosques 5.5 25
metre)

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 21

 Table 1.1 Continued

Estimates of Rounded
Type of
1 premises & Description
daily rate of
consumption
estimates of
daily rate of
consumptions (imperial consumption
categories gallons) (litres)

Workers Housing housing compounds 44 200

(per capita)
Public toilets public toilets 264 1200
(per sanitary piece)
Schools / per student 5 / 10 25/45
universities
Hostel per student 44 200
Villa & shabiat per capita 77 350
Villa / shabiat 2
general services 250 / 450 1100 / 2000
Villa & shabiat3 per bedroom 110 500
Villa & shabiat swimming pool/m 2
6.6 30
Services in up to 5 floors 165 750
a building
Services in
from 6 to 10 floors 330 1500
a building
Services in
above 10 floors 660 3000
a building 4
Offices & shops 5 per sanitary piece per sanitary per sanitary
piece piece
Offices & shops per square metre 1~2 5~9
Offices & shops per person 10 45
Residential flat Studio 100 450
Residential flat 1 bedroom 120 550
Residential flat 2 bedroom 180 820
Residential flat 3 bedrooms 220 1000
Residential flat 4 bedrooms 280 1250
Residential flat 5 bedrooms 350 1600
Residential flat per capita 55 250
Temporary water up to of 5 floors 1000 4500
connection
Temporary water from 6 to 10 floors 2000 9000
connection
Temporary water
from10 to 20 floors 2600 12000
connection

22 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 Water Storage Tanks
Table 1.1 Notes

1. Hotel category up to 5 stars. Hotels/resorts above 5 stars will be subject to

assessment.
1
2. ‘General services’ means water used for internal gardening and general
cleaning purposes for a standard-size shabiat and villa. It may increase or
decrease according to the type and size of villa. However, the estimated rate
of consumption for calculating additional quantities shall be between 1 and 1.5
gallons per square metre per day.

3. For the shabiat and villa category, a reduction factor may be applied for every
additional bedroom according to the Distribution Company’s own criteria.

4. Rates of consumption for buildings higher than 20 floors shall be adjusted

proportionally.

5. All consumption rates for sanitary pieces shall be calculated based on water-
efficient plumbing fittings. It is recommended that the flow rate for major sanitary
pieces for residential uses such as W.C., kitchen sink and washbasin should not
exceed 0.2 l/s.

Note (a): Water consumption rates for other uses, e.g. swimming pools and cooling
services, shall be determined following consultation with the Distribution
Company.

Note (b): For some of the categories, the Responsible Person has a choice of
consumption rate. The Distribution Company must approve the selected rate.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 23

 Fire fighting reserve

1.4 The Department of Civil Defence is the only reference

for determining the quantity and the application of water
1 allocated for firefighting purposes. However, Table 1.2 can
be used as a guide for residential and commercial customers
where applicable. In the event of any conflict between the
data in the table and Civil Defence requirements, the latter
should prevail. Requirements for any other type of Premises
(for example industrial Premises, health care centres and
hotels) would need to be established separately.

1.5 Where ground storage tanks are considered (and in order

to avoid contamination in tanks), the allocation of separate
tanks for firefighting purposes is prohibited unless prior
approval has been obtained from the Distribution Company.
The lower part of a ground storage tank should be reserved
for Fire Service by maintaining a constant water level either
by means of a suction pipe invert level or another approved
device. The allocated fire reserve shall be held completely
within the ground tank’s actual capacity.

1.6 The following figures are designed on a hose-reel basis. If

other firefighting systems (such as sprinklers) are installed,
the reserve would need to be larger, and the Department
of Civil Defence should be consulted to determine the
actual quantity required; the eventual approval of the water
supply drawings would depend on their decision in such
a case. The construction of fire services shall comply with
the Fire Service regulations and instructions issued by the
Department of Civil Defence in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi.

Table 1.2
Number of floors 1-3 4-7 8-10 10 and above

Minimum reserve limit

2,000 3,000 5,000 10,000
(gallons)

Maximum reserve limit

3,000 5,000 10,000 10,000
(gallons)

24 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 Water Storage Tanks
Tank storage capacity

1.7 Total storage capacity (ground storage tank and roof tanks or
cistern) shall be as per the following limits:
1
(i) Minimum Capacity = 1 x daily consumption + firefighting
reserve to be held completely in the ground tank; and
(ii) Maximum Capacity = 2 x daily consumption + firefighting
reserve to be held completely in the ground tank

1.8 The Distribution Company shall decide the specific storage

capacity requirement (between maximum and minimum)
that the Responsible Person can install in the Premises.
The Distribution Company should evaluate the capacity
with consideration to the type of supply (intermittent or
continuous) and the security of supply in terms of pressure
and flow conditions in the area where the Premises are
located.

1.9 The roof tank should always be sized to hold sufficient

water to supply between 12 and 24 hours of the Premises’
total daily consumption, irrespective of the provision of
ground storage tanks. In situations where no ground tanks
are allowed for, the actual roof storage capacity shall be
sized for 24 hours.

1.10 Although the storage requirement shown above is vital for the
security of supply, it should be noted that water stagnation
is not recommended. This is to ensure water quality in
the tanks does not deteriorate due to possible depletion
of residual chlorine which may result in microbiological
contamination

1.11 For high-consumption customers, water storage tank

capacity is determined by daily demand, site-specific
conditions and Distribution Company policy regarding
demand management.

1.12 For high-consumption customers (such as hotels and hospitals)

provided with ground storage tanks only, the complete water

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 25

 capacity may be held in the ground storage tank if the Premises
are metered prior to the tank’s installation, and the Distribution
Company has approved the boosting arrangements.

1
Ground storage tank and roof cistern
general requirements

1.13 The general requirements are concerned with location,

installation, construction material, protection, testing and
disinfection of ground and roof tanks.

1.14 Diagrams illustrating common connection arrangements

for storage tanks are included in Annex D from D1 to
D4, D9 and D10. These are for illustration only. Detailed
drawings shall be submitted in accordance with Annex A.

Tank placement and location

1.15 The tank shall be located away from any source of pollution,
particularly if it is buried in the ground. The distance
between the tank wall and any part of the wastewater
drainage system shall not be less than 1500mm.

1.16 Ground or below-ground tanks shall be located as per the

Distribution Company’s recommendations and in a location
that will preserve the quality of the water. The tanks shall
be placed where there is no industrial, hydro-carbon activity
which may result in water contamination.

1.17 No storage cistern or tank shall be buried below the finished

ground level except by permission of the Distribution
Company. All storage tanks must be placed to avoid
potential flooding. However, where an underground or
buried water storage tank has been selected and approved
by the Distribution Company, a suitable backflow
prevention device and water overflow arrangements shall
be considered. This is to ensure water overflowing from the
tanks is directed to the drain and that no water returns to
the tank following an overflow.

26 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 Water Storage Tanks
1.18 All tank access and inspection openings shall be at least
300mm above ground level or the highest known flood
level. A suitably-sized sump-pump shall also be installed
when and where applicable.
1
1.19 Storage tanks used for industrial, livestock, agricultural
and other purposes that may come into contact with any
other fluid or foreign material should be dedicated for that
use only, and provided with suitable backflow prevention
devices, overflow arrangements and an air gap of not less
than 50mm.

Fittings and accessories of tank and cistern

1.20 The maximum height of the entry point to the Premises’

ground storage tanks shall not exceed 3000mm from water
main service connection invert level.

1.21 Float-controlled valves or equivalent flow control inlet

devices should be securely and rigidly attached to the cistern
or the tank and installed so that the valve closes when the
level of the water is not less than 25mm and preferably not
more than 50mm below the overflow level of the tank or
roof cistern.

1.22 All inlets to storage tanks and roof cisterns should be provided
with a Servicing Valve to facilitate maintenance and a float-
operated valve, or some other no less effective device, which
is capable of controlling the flow of water into the cistern.
The Servicing Valve should be fitted as close as is reasonably
practicable to the float-controlled valve or other device.

1.23 All outlets other than vent pipes, overflow pipes and warning
pipes relating to storage tanks or cisterns supplying water shall
be fitted with a Servicing Valve as close to the cistern or tank as
is reasonably practicable. Where practicable, all outlets from
a cistern should be taken from the bottom of the cistern; a
sump pit (600 x 600 x 200mm) shall be provided for tanks and
cisterns larger than 10,000 litres.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 27

 1.24 Tanks 2000mm and more in depth shall be equipped with a
water level indicator arrangement. One common level indictor
for a group of connected tanks is acceptable, subject to the
Distribution Company’s approval.
1
1.25 All tanks should have a rigid, close-fitting and securely-fixed
cover which is not airtight but which excludes light and insects
from the cistern. It shall be made of a material or materials
which does/do not shatter or fragment when broken and
which will not contaminate the water quality. Cisterns storing
more than 1,000 litres of water shall be constructed and placed
so that the cistern may be inspected and cleaned without it
having to be wholly uncovered.

1.26 The storage tank shall be designed to ensure that any

maintenance activities for all water fittings, particularly to
foot valves and float-controlled valves, can be made without
the need for draining or causing any damage to the tank
structure.

1.27 At least one capped or down-facing air vent shall be installed

per water tank. One additional vent shall be provided per
40 square metres of tank area or at a spacing of 7 metres,
evenly distributed over the tank area. The vent shall be
at least 65mm in diameter, equipped with a stainless steel
mosquito screen, and shall be cleaned by the end user at
regular intervals. The tank shall have a clear height (free-
board) of not less than 300mm between the top water level
and roof (inside surface).

1.28 Where the water level in the tank is more than 1500mm, an
internal ladder (external ladder for non-buried tanks) shall
be installed. The internal ladder shall be made of a non-
metallic material (approved plastic or GRP) or of stainless
steel grade 316. An external ladder shall be made of a
material capable of withstanding the prevailing weather
conditions. It shall be properly fixed under or near to the
tank access. It shall have a width of not less than 400mm,
with the distance between steps not more than 250mm, and
the height between the last step and ground not more than
300mm.

28 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 Water Storage Tanks
1.29 A name-plate not less than 300 x 200mm shall be securely
attached to the tank exterior, by stainless steel grade 316
bolts and nuts or a similar approved arrangement, in a
clearly visible and accessible location, preferably on the
tank inlet side. The name-plate shall be made of a material 1
not affected by weather conditions. The following data shall
be engraved on the plate:
(a) material;
(b) design/operating parameters (pressure/temperature);
(c) capacity;
(d) corrosion allowance;
(e) name of manufacturer or brand (trade) name;
(f) serial number/tank size or capacity/volume
(in cubic metres) or imperial gallons;
(g) year of manufacture;
(h) test pressure;
(i) date of test; and
(j) design code.

Water storage tanks: material and construction

1.30 Tanks constructed for the storage of potable water shall

be made of a material that does not cause contamination
or change the aesthetic quality of water supplied by the
Distribution Company. Tanks may be made of fibreglass
(glass-reinforced plastic), reinforced concrete (cement),
reinforced plastic (polyethylene, polypropylene, CPVC)
coated steel and stainless steel or any other material
approved by the Distribution Company.

1.31 Tanks and cisterns holding potable water shall be of a

suitable grade and material to meet the provisions of BS
6920 or equivalent standards approved by the Bureau.
The tank construction material, lining, gaskets, adhesives,
coating or any other part in contact with the stored water

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 29

 shall not impart taste, colour, odour or toxicity, nor promote
microbiological growth. A certificate from the relevant
authorities in Abu Dhabi, such as Abu Dhabi Food Control
Authority and/or recognised international institutions such
1 as NSF or WRc may be requested to ensure the tank’s
fitness for storing potable water in the prevailing climatic
conditions.

1.32 The tank shall be constructed of a watertight material of

adequate strength, and shall be suitable for the storage
of potable water at 52°C, at atmospheric pressure. The
temperature of the stored water needs ideally to be kept at
less than 30°C in order to restrict microbiological growth.

1.33 Where the tank is not made from a corrosion-resistant

material, for example, steel, it shall be protected with a non-
toxic coating or lining which conforms to ADWEA water
standard specification No. W-C-SS-015, or as approved
by the Distribution Company for internal protection
purposes.

1.34 Externally-bolted panelled base tanks shall have 500mm

minimum clear access between the bottom base panels and
finished ground level. Other tanks shall be at least 200mm
above the finished floor level of the surrounding area.

1.35 No tank or fitting intended for conveying or storing water

shall be lined or coated internally with coal tar or any other
substance that includes coal tar. All internal or external
coatings of water storage tanks shall be approved by the
Distribution Company.

1.36 Water storage tank design and engineering shall include

consideration of all types of loads the tank will be subjected
to; it must be ensured that all design calculations have allowed
for safety factors which will enable tanks to withstand the
internal and external forces to which they are subjected.

30 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 Water Storage Tanks
Over flow and warning pipe arrangements

1.37 The location of the cistern or tank overflow (warning or

overflow pipe) must be readily identifiable and the discharge
should be in a conspicuous and visible position. Every storage 1
tank larger than 1000 litres (220 gallons) shall be fitted with
an overflow pipe. Storage tanks larger than 100,000 litres
(22,000 gallons) must be fitted with an overflow pipe and an
instrument or device (audible or visual) or both, depending
on the Distribution Company’s instructions, which will
indicate that water is about to overflow and will enable any
overflow to be controlled. Any additional requirement shall
be approved by the Distribution Company.

1.38 A warning/overflow pipe made of rigid pipe should be

twice the internal diameter of the inlet pipe and not less
than 19mm (bore) internal diameter. The actual internal
diameter of the pipe(s) installed should be capable of taking
any possible flow in the pipe arising from any failure of the
inlet valve. When determining the size of an overflow pipe,
account should be taken of any insect or vermin screens
installed which may reduce the nominal flow capacity of
the overflow pipe.

1.39 Where two or more cisterns have a common warning

pipe, that pipe shall be installed so that the source of any
overflow may be readily identified and shall be so arranged
that any overflow from the tank or cistern cannot discharge
into another.

1.40 Where it is not possible to fit an overflow pipe, an audible

or visual alarm operating independently from the inflow
control device is required. Where necessary, the Distribution
Company may require a water level indicator to be fitted,
particularly for tanks of 100,000 litres and above.

1.41 Connection of the overflow pipe of a roof tank to ground

tanks may be allowed as long as there is no risk of water
contamination; such a connection must be approved by the
Distribution Company.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 31

 Tank protection

1.42 All water storage tanks with a capacity of more than 50,000
litres shall be partitioned, in order to allow maintenance
1 activities to take place without causing supply interruptions
(unless a second tank is available). If the tank is internally
partitioned, each compartment shall be treated as an
independent water tank. As far as these guidelines are
concerned, the partition must extend the full height of the
tank, and each compartment must be capable of supporting
water on either side with one side empty. All other inlet and
outlet connection arrangements must be considered, and
separate inlet and outlet connections, overflow, flow control,
drainage and isolation valves provided.

1.43 All ground tanks or cisterns manufactured from translucent

material (plastic polymers) or galvanized steel, shall be
protected from sunlight by placing them under a permanent
fixed structure or shedding, unless factory-made insulated
tanks are used. The insulation shall be made of rigid foam
of suitable thickness resistant to ultraviolet radiation, or as
approved by the Distribution Company.

1.44 The tanks and associated fittings shall be designed with

consideration to the prevailing climatic conditions of the
Emirate of Abu Dhabi, and shall be suitable for the storage
of desalinated water, well water and/or a mixture of both
unless specifically mentioned otherwise. Prevailing climate
conditions as a minimum:
(a) maximum ambient temperature in the shade: 52ºC;
(b) minimum ambient temperature: 1ºC;
(c) maximum ambient relative humidity: 100%; and
(d) wind speed: 22 km/hr.

1.45 Every storage tank and cistern shall be adequately supported

to prevent thermal movement or distortion or damage to it,
or to any water fitting connected to it. Any water jet shall be
directed away from the tank sides and joints.

32 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 Water Storage Tanks
1.46 Tank foundation and, where required, shed installation
should be of rigid construction, permanent in nature and
of a durable weather-resistant material. The expected life
of the shed and foundation shall be more than, or similar
to, that of the tank itself. The tank foundation shall be rigid, 1
smooth and level. The shed roof shall extend beyond the
boundaries of the water tank by one metre. The roof space
above the cover shall be no less than 400mm and no more
than 800mm.

Storage tank testing and disinfection

1.47 After completion of tank installation, the tank shall be

hydrostatically tested in accordance with the following:
(a) before testing is carried out, the tank shall be filled
with water to the top level of the side panels, and the
overflow, drain and other pipes shall be blanked off.
The static water test shall be for a period of not less
than one hour;
(b) continuous inspection shall be carried out for
the whole testing period. All leaks found shall be
repaired, and the static test repeated until no leakage
is observed. Repairs shall conform to manufacturers’
recommendations or instructions and be carried out
by persons competent in that work;
(c) while the tank is being emptied, precautions shall
be taken to ensure that the design vacuum is not
exceeded;
(d) the testing medium shall be potable water. In order
to avoid waste, pumping from one tank into another
during testing may be allowed; and
(e) the hold time between completion of the filling and
start of emptying shall not be less than 24 hours in
order to allow the tank to settle. Discharging of the
water shall be carried out in a controlled manner to
avoid scouring or flooding.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 33

 1.48 After completion of the testing, each tank shall be disinfected
in accordance with the procedure below (tank disinfection
shall be carried out only after completion of service
connection flushing and disinfection where applicable).
1
1.49 The general disinfection procedure for tanks with a capacity
of less than 5000 litres is to flush the tank, introduce the
disinfectant (approved type of hypochlorite to 20mg/l)
and leave it for a one-hour contact period at a level just
below the overflow pipe. If the concentration is satisfactory
(5mg/l and above), the tank should be drained and
thoroughly flushed. Tank disinfection shall be carried out
by a specialised contractor. The disinfection of tanks with a
capacity greater than 5000 litres should only be carried out
according to the following procedures:
(a) the tank shall be filled to a depth of 300mm with
potable water;
(b) sufficient sodium hypochlorite (approved type) shall
be added to give a solution containing approximately
20mg/l, or to a concentration approved by the
Distribution Company; this solution shall then be
mixed thoroughly. Where other disinfectants are
used, the concentration and the procedure shall be as
per the manufacturer’s recommendations and must
be approved by the Distribution Company;
(c) a small portable pump shall be temporarily mounted
outside the tank with suction and discharge hoses
extending through the main openings of the tank;
(d) the discharge hose shall be equipped with a suitable
nozzle or pipe reducer to provide a sufficient flow of
chlorinated water, when discharged from the portable
pumps, to reach all parts of the tank interior;
(e) the interior of the tank shall then be sprayed
intermittently to ensure its entire internal surface is
disinfected;
(f) safety precautions shall be taken to avoid injury
to personnel; these include the provision of the
appropriate protective rubber clothing, chlorine gas

34 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 Water Storage Tanks
masks, etc. It is recommended that the pump be
placed outside the tank to avoid the additional hazard
associated with the presence of carbon monoxide
exhaust fumes inside the tank;
1
(g) after disinfection, the chlorine solution shall be
drained to waste to a location approved by the relevant
authorities, or as recommended by the Distribution
Company; the tank shall then be flushed and sealed;
(h) if required by the Distribution Company, the
Responsible Person shall arrange to have the water
tested at an approved water quality testing facility or
in the Distribution Company laboratory to ensure the
water quality is wholesome; and
(i) special attention should be taken when high chlorine
concentrations and other disinfectants are being used,
as they may affect new coatings or linings in tanks and
cisterns.

Operation of and maintenance procedure

for storage tanks

1.50 All tanks shall be operated and maintained by the

Responsible Person, to provide wholesome drinking water
at all times.

1.51 Storage tanks above ground and of less than 5000 litres
capacity shall be visually inspected by the Responsible
Person at intervals of not greater than one year, to ensure
that the tank is not leaking and has not suffered physical
damage (for example scratches, dents, holes, deformation of
any kind) or material degradation (for example, corrosion
to glass reinforcement or resin delamination, oxidation of
metallic parts) to the tank structure, its fittings and supports,
including overflow arrangements. Damage to tanks,
fittings and any supports shall be repaired immediately on
observation by the appropriate means for that tank type.

1.52 Storage tanks in or below ground and not exposed for visual
inspection, and tanks greater than 5000 litres in capacity

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 35

 shall be subject to a static leakage or drop test carried out
by the Responsible Person at not less than yearly intervals..
Leaks shall be identified and the tank repaired or replaced
as appropriate.
1
1.53 All repairs shall conform to best practice in terms
of workmanship and materials, and shall conform to
manufacturers’ recommendations.

1.54 Replacement tanks and fittings shall comply with the Water
Supply Regulations and its Guide applicable at the time of
replacement.

1.55 Improvement notices shall be prepared as appropriate and

should be applicable for the circumstances prevailing such
that human health and hygiene impacts are resolved as
soon as possible, but after no longer than 1 week. “Do Not
Drink” warning notices shall be issued to all consumers of
water supplied from the failed tanks. Structurally damaged
and leaking facilities may warrant a less urgent time scale
but no longer than 1 month.

1.56 Follow-up inspections, to lift the improvement notice, shall

be undertaken at a timely interval and water quality tests
performed, at the owner’s expense, to ensure the water
stored is wholesome.

1.57 Appropriate written notices, giving no less than 48 hours’

notice, shall be provided by the Responsible Person to all
customers within the Premises prior to any maintenance
work, advising them of any possible interruptions to the
water supply or any precautions that need to be taken while
the maintenance work is being carried out.

Reinforced concrete water storage tanks and reservoirs

1.58 The following covers the minimum requirements for design

consideration when constructing reinforced concrete
reservoirs.

36 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 Water Storage Tanks
Basic design considerations

1.59 A site survey and soil investigation are required at the

proposed location of the reinforced concrete tank.
1
1.60 The reservoir foundation shall be free of unsuitable
material to the level required as per survey/soil investigation
recommendations.

1.61 The quality of concrete (minimum to be of grade 40 N/

mm2), other materials and workmanship shall be adequate
for safety, serviceability and durability.

1.62 The concrete reservoir shall be designed in such a manner

that it sustains all loads and deformations of normal
construction and use and has adequate durability and
resistance to the effects of arid desert conditions and winds.

1.63 The specification for concrete reservoirs should be in

accordance with ADWEA Standard Specification for Water
Works NO. W-C-SS-007, or as approved by the Distribution
Company for small storage tanks.

1.64 The dividing wall (where constructed) shall be designed

such that either compartment may remain full of water (to
under roof soffit) whilst the other compartment is empty.
The minimum free-board (top water level) shall be 300mm
to roof soffit.

1.65 The reservoir roof shall be designed for the dead load from
the concrete roof slab and other fixtures, live loads and an
allowance for personnel working on the roof as approved
by the designer or owner’s representative (consultant).

1.66 Thermal effects due to temperature variations shall also be

considered in the design. All reservoir components shall be
constructed of reinforced concrete, and their form shall be
determined by the allocated site dimensions and the need
to allow for future storage and downstream distribution
facilities.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 37

 1.67 Joints in reservoirs may be used in conjunction with a
corresponding proportion of reinforcement, to control the
concrete crack widths arising from shrinkage and thermal
changes to within acceptable limits and in accordance
1 with BS 8007. Provision of expansion joints shall be made
with caution and a minimum number of expansion joints
is recommended. Joints in the floor slab of the reservoir
shall be repeated on the screed below to avoid non-uniform
movement. PVC water bars of approved size and make
shall be provided at all joints.

1.68 Roof slabs shall be designed as flat slabs with all interior joints
acting as construction joints so that the slab is structurally
monolithic. Where roof and walls are monolithic, movement
joints in the roof shall correspond with those in the walls to
avoid the possibility of sympathetic cracking.

1.69 Tanks installed outdoors without a protective shed above

them shall have a 1% minimum slope towards one or two
sides, or any other effective system for draining the tank
roof. No water shall be allowed to accumulate on the tank
roof. For panelled tanks, the roof joints shall be made
flush with the surrounding panel to prevent any type of
accumulation.

1.70 The tank inlet and outlet connections shall be a complete

arrangement of flanged water inlet and outlet fittings to
BS 4504, along with a puddle flange either cast or welded
on connection and shall be properly aligned both in the
horizontal and vertical planes to ensure a watertight joint.

Reinforced plastic water storage tanks

1.71 The following covers the minimum requirements for design

consideration when installing plastic water tanks.

Basic design consideration

1.72 Every tank shall be accompanied with a copy of the

manufacturer’s catalogue showing operational and

38 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 Water Storage Tanks
maintenance instructions, and precautions to be taken by
the end users. Certificates to indicate suitability of material
for storing potable water shall be provided as well as other
test certificates as required by the Distribution Company.
The Distribution Company may also request additional 1
tests to be undertaken by the relevant international and
national testing authorities.

1.73 Manufacturers’ instructions and guidelines concerning the

storage of tank parts and accessories, general site conditions
for final tank location, installation methodology, and usage
and commissioning of the tank shall be strictly observed.

1.74 Tanks shall be erected, tested and commissioned as per

supplier/manufacturer instructions. Following installation,
the tank shall be tested, cleaned and flushed before being
put into service.

1.75 The internal and external surface of the shell or panel shall
be smoothly finished and free of defects so as to prevent the
adhesion of foreign matter such as dust, dirt, moss, algae,
bacteria, scale formation and rust.

1.76 All domestic water tanks used for storing drinking water shall
be protected from excessive heat, direct sun and ultraviolet
rays. The tank exterior shell/panel, fastener, supports, etc
shall be protected against direct weather conditions for the
duration of their expected life. This means the tank shall
be either UV stabilised with suitably insulated material, or
kept indoors or under a protective structural shed.

1.77 The tank material shall be opaque (95 % and above) to help
reduce evaporation of disinfectant and inhibit algal growth;
the colour of the tank panel and protective wrapping shall
aid in reducing heat absorption.

1.78 Sealant materials used shall be non-toxic, flexible and

resistant to ultraviolet rays. Sealants should maintain these
qualities for the expected life of the tank. The internal
tank joints of panels shall be made flush with tank panels
to prevent the accumulation of deposits and facilitate

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 39

 cleaning. Sealant must not protrude outside joints hindering
the cleaning process and aiding dirt accumulation; when
sealant is extruded, it must be trimmed back flush with the
tank panel.
1
Installation and erection

1.79 All reinforced plastic tanks shall be erected above ground level
with a flat supporting base. Tanks shall have a clear access of
not less than 600mm all around and shall be suitably fixed
in accordance with manufacturers’ recommendations.

1.80 Each tank with a capacity of 10,000 litres and above shall
have a complete arrangement of flanged water inlet and
outlet fittings to BS 4504; otherwise tank connection fittings
shall comply with BS 21, along with water fittings suitable
for connection to tank inlet and supply pipes.

1.81 Flexible connectors shall be used wherever necessary to

prevent stress and vibration being transferred to the water
tank.

1.82 Externally-located tanks shall be installed on a stable

foundation and bolted or clamped if necessary to protect
them from settlement and to enable them to withstand
external forces that may cause movement.

Tank fittings and accessories

1.83 All metallic parts in contact with water such as panels,

bracing, tie rods, angle plates, roof supports etc, shall be of
stainless steel grade 316. If other than stainless steel grade
316 is used, a non-metallic plastic shrinkable tube or an
approved similar protective material shall be used.

1.84 At least one access cover shall be provided for each water
tank. Two access covers shall be allowed for in tanks with
a capacity greater than 10,000 litres. The cover shall be
an elevated, lockable hinged cover with gasket and locking
mechanism. Access holes shall have a suitably-sized clear

40 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 Water Storage Tanks
opening of not less than 600mm in diameter if circular, or
600 x 600mm if square. In small cylindrical tanks, access
covers shall be located within reachable distance of float-
operated valves for ease of maintenance.
1
1.85 All connections between panels shall be externally flanged for
ease of maintenance, cleaning and hygiene considerations.
Bolts and nuts shall be of stainless steel grade 316 (other
materials can be used provided that bolt heads are cap-
protected by a non-metallic material such as rubber).

1.86 Panel type tanks shall be supplied with at least one concave
section bottom panel fitted with an arrangement to drain the
tank; alternatively, the panels adjacent to the tank bottom
shall be slopped or so designed that water is effectively
channelled to drain the panel, leaving no water accumulated
within the tank. The minimum size of the drain shall not be
less than the size of the inlet pipe. Cylindrical tanks shall be
fitted with a drain connection to allow complete draining
of the tank. All tanks shall be located in a well- drained
location.

Glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) water storage tanks

Basic design consideration

1.87 Manufacturing and design shall conform to ADWEA

standard specification No. M-SS-013 or equivalent for
glass fibre-reinforced plastic cisterns for cold water storage.
(a) the maximum tank height shall not exceed 4000mm;
(b) the GRP panel safety factor shall be a minimum of 6;
(c) wind velocity shall be based on 22 km/hr;
(d) the roof panels of the tank shall withstand a maximum
load of 100 kgf and dead load of structure; and
(e) earth loads shall be determined by the rational soil
mechanics method.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 41

 1.88 The tanks shall be manufactured from hot-pressed moulded
GRP Panels. The tank material shall meet the requirements
of the WRc (Water Research Council, UK), the WRAS
(Water Regulations Advising Scheme, UK) or equivalent
1 approved standards. Cold-pressed moulded GRP panel
tanks are acceptable subject to the Distribution Company’s
approval.
(a) the internal and external surface of the shell or
panel shall be smoothly finished; no fibre shall
project out and the surfaces must be free of defects
such as crazing, wrinkles, crevices and pinholes so
as to prevent the adhesion of foreign matter such as
dust, dirt, moss, algae, bacteria, scale formation and
rust;
(b) the GRP sheet moulding compound shall have
ultraviolet protection features to ensure long panel
life;
(c) the base panels shall be of a convex shape to assist in
the complete draining of water;
(d) all tank openings shall be flanged, with the flanges
rated and drilled to match the supply/discharge
pipeline ratings; otherwise to BS 4501. All nozzles
shall be of uPVC;
(e) GRP tanks shall be constructed with internal partition
walls to provide separate sections so that one section
can be isolated for maintenance while the other
section(s) is/are still operational. In this case, each
section shall be provided with the specified accessories
to allow for safe isolation;
(f) all tanks shall be fitted with roof supports manufactured
from uPVC pipes. Tanks up to 5000 x 5000 x
3000mm (H) shall be fitted with an internal bracing
system comprised of angle brackets manufactured in
stainless steel grade 316 or above;
(g) tanks with dimensions above 5000 x 5000 x 3000
mm (H) shall be fitted with a hot-dipped galvanized
external bracing structure. Each tank shall be

42 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 Water Storage Tanks
permanently equipped with an internal ladder of
uPVC or GRP and a hot-dipped galvanized external
ladder;
(h) each tank shall be fitted with a hot-dipped galvanized 1
mild steel beam/channel skid. The steel skid shall
be fixed on the concrete beams by anchor bolts and
levelled. The allowable deflection of the steel footing
shall not exceed 3mm; and
(i) all bolts, nuts and washers shall be in stainless steel
grade 316L (or above) when in contact with water.
Bolts, nuts and washers not in contact with water
shall be of stainless steel grade 316 and above.

1.89 For outdoor bolted tanks, insulated GRP panels shall

be utilized to withstand the temperature extremes. The
insulated tank panels shall be factory insulated with at
least 25mm of polyurethane foam or 40mm of expanded
polystyrene. The insulation shall not be exposed to external
weather conditions. It shall be covered with a permanently-
fixed external cover made of the same material as used
in the GRP panels, and should be resistant to ultraviolet
radiation, weather-resistant and watertight.

Storage tanks installation

1.90 The tank foundation shall be designed to withstand the

total weight of the tank with water, including an adequate
factor of safety as per the applicable design standards.
(a) the construction of the tank foundation shall be
carried out in accordance with the tank manufacturer’s
requirements. Tank foundation shall be rigid and
smooth and have an elevated surface; and
(b) the foundation construction shall allow for adequate
drainage of water away from the tank, so that moisture
may not accumulate under the tank. Externally-bolted
panelled base tanks shall have a 500mm minimum
clear access below their base panels.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 43

 1.91 Gaskets and bolting shall be furnished for all access holes,
hand-holes and other openings which call for blind flanges
or covers. At least two sets of gaskets of the same materials
shall be furnished; one set for testing and one set unused and
packed separately with proper protection and markings.

Galvanized steel tanks

1.92 Galvanized steel tanks, subject to being approved by the

Distribution Company, can be installed provided that they
strictly comply with Gulf Standards No. 588/1995 latest
edition for household water storage tanks.

The Bureau does not recommend the installation of household water storage tanks
made from galvanized mild steel sheets. This is due to manufacturing quality as well
as the observation that poor conditions and rust have adversely affected the quality of
water stored in many existing tanks.

44 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

Water Fittings 2
Materials and substances used in water fittings

General

2.1 Materials or substances, either alone or in combination,

which cause, or are likely to cause, deterioration to the
quality of water should not be used in the construction,
installation, renewal, repair or replacement of any water
fitting which conveys or receives water supplied for domestic
or food production purposes.

2.2 For non-metallic materials, this requirement is deemed to

be met by compliance with British Standard BS 6920, or
the equivalent approved standard.

2.3 Water fittings and materials for water fittings complying

with paragraph 2.1 should be tested by an approved test
house, and the results certificates shall be provided to the
Distribution Company upon request.

2.4 The following factors should be considered when

determining the suitability of materials and fittings which
are, or will be, in contact with the water supplied:
(a) internal and external temperatures to which they will
be subjected;
(b) presence of contamination in the ground based on
soil investigation;
(c) the effect of internal and external corrosion;
(d) compatibility of different materials;
(e) the effect of ageing, fatigue, durability and other; and
(f) permeability.

Joining of different types of materials

2.5 Except for plastic pipes, new pipework should not be

connected to existing lines or other pipework without

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 45

 appropriate protection being provided against galvanic
corrosion.

Plastics and permeable materials

2.6 Water fittings should be installed to minimize any risk of

contamination by permeation of fluids through the material
or materials used.
2
2.7 Water fittings made of a material susceptible to permeation
by any fluid that causes, or is likely to cause, contamination
of water passing through the fitting should not be laid or
installed in such a location.

2.8 Water fittings made of plastics or other materials which are

likely to be damaged by exposure to oil, petrol or any other
contaminant should not be laid in contaminated ground, or
should be protected.

2.9 Pipes or connections buried near contaminated locations

should be made of pipe material that is impermeable or
protected by appropriate material.

2.10 The minimum distance between the service connection

and all other services shall not be less than 350mm from all
directions except sewerage lines, where the distance should
not be less than 1500mm.

Dezincification-resistant materials

2.11 Water fittings are to be resistant to corrosion and, where

specified, to dezincification.

2.12 All concealed water fittings, except terminal fittings,

(including those buried underground), together with backflow
prevention devices, are required to be manufactured of
gunmetal or other dezincification-resistant materials.

46 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

General protection and control measures

Water Fittings
2.13 Every water fitting shall be:
(a) immune to or protected from corrosion by galvanic
action or by any other process which is likely to result
in contamination or waste of water;
(b) constructed of material of such strength and thickness
as to resist damage from any external load,vibration, 2
stress or settlement, pressure surges, or temperature
fluctuation to which it is likely to be subjected;
(c) watertight and be so constructed and installed as to:

(i) prevent ingress by contaminants;

(ii) be so installed as to minimize the risk
of permeation by, or deterioration from,
contact with any substance which may cause
contamination; and
(iii) be adequately supported;

(d) no water fitting shall be installed, connected or used

which is likely to have a detrimental effect on the
quality or pressure of water in a water main or other
pipe of the Distribution Company;
(e) no water fitting shall be embedded in any wall or solid
floor;
(f) no fitting which is designed to be operated or
maintained, whether manually or electronically, or
which consists of a joint, shall be a concealed water
fitting;
(g) no pipe, cistern, tank or other apparatus used for
conveying or receiving potable water shall convey or
receive non-potable water; and
(h) water fittings should be adequately protected against
damage from any cause, including the environment
through which they pass.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 47

 Water tightness of fittings

2.14 Water fittings are to be watertight and suitable for the

prevailing temperatures likely to be encountered within the
installation.

Fixing of water fittings

2 2.15 Water fittings should be adequately supported, the spacing
for support being dependent on the material of the pipes.

2.16 Allowance should be made to accommodate any reasonable

foreseeable movement, including thermal movement, in
accordance with BS 6700.

2.17 No bend or curve in any pipe shall be made so as to

significantly diminish or alter the internal diameter or
strength of the pipe in any part.

2.18 Every pipe shall be properly and adequately supported and

shall be laid and fixed so as to avoid sagging, the development
of air locks or reverberation.

Stop Valves, Servicing Valves and drain taps

2.19 Draw-off taps, Stop Valves, Servicing Valves and draining

taps should be designed so that, where applicable, their seals:
(a) can be readily renewed or replaced;
(b) do not incorporate a loose washer plate;
(c) can be designed and manufactured so that they may
be easily closed to shut off the supply of water; and
(d) can be operated at the appropriate water temperature
and pressure.

Pressure requirements

2.20 All water fittings should be capable of withstanding an

48 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 internal water pressure of not less than 1.5 times the
maximum operating pressure.

Water Fittings
2.21 In determining the maximum operating pressure to which
the system is subjected, the increase in static pressure in the
following instances should be taken into consideration:
(a) pressure in the supply pipe during night periods when
there may be little demand on the system; 2
(b) pressure caused by pumps in any water supply
installation where pumps are installed; and
(c) pressure resulting from static head or building
height.

2.22 No water filter, water softener or any other device shall

be installed directly in water supply piping or service
connections which may cause pressure loss to the customer
Premises. All other water fittings, meters, backflow
prevention devices and valves shall be sized correctly in
order to minimise pressure losses.

2.23 Where Water Fittings are subjected to excessive pressure due

to high water supply pressure or pump pressure or pressure
drop, the Responsible Person must ensure a pressure
regulator adjusted to the requirements of the Distribution
Company is installed.

Surge pressures

2.24 Where a customer is connected directly to a supply pipe,

the internal test pressure applied to the installation must
take into consideration any transient or surge pressures
which may be generated within the system.

2.25 Transient pressure increases or surge (water hammer) may

be generated by the rapid closure of a valve, for example,
float-operated valves, spherical valves or disc valves. When
installed, attenuation devices or water hammer arresters
may reduce the effects of surge.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 49

 Back-syphonage

2.26 The method of installation of all pipes, fittings or apparatus

shall be such that:
(a) the creation of a negative pressure of air in the pipes
shall be avoided;
(b) pipes, fittings and apparatus shall be free from
2 backflow and back-syphonage at all times and that
waste or contamination of the water supply shall be
prevented; and
(c) backflow is prevented by using the appropriate type
of prevention arrangement.

Location of water fittings

2.27 Unless they are located in an internal wall which is not a

solid wall, a duct which may be readily exposed, or under a
suspended floor which may, if necessary be readily removed
and replaced, or to which there is access, water fittings
should not be:
(a) located in the cavity of a cavity wall;
(b) embedded in any wall or solid floor; or
(c) installed below a suspended or solid floor at ground
level.

Accessibility of fittings

2.28 Except where specifically approved by the Distribution

Company all pipes and fittings shall be arranged so as to be
readily accessible and, where enclosed, the casing or duct
shall be so constructed as to afford ready means of access to
the pipes and fittings for examination, repair, replacement
and operation.

2.29 The point of discharge of any pipe shall be in a position

readily accessible for inspection. Duct ends must be sealed
to prevent ingress of foreign material.

50 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

Concealed fittings

Water Fittings
2.30 In this paragraph ‘concealed water fitting’ means a water
fitting which:
(a) is installed below ground;
(b) passes through or under any wall, footing or
foundation;
2
(c) is enclosed in any chase or duct; or
(d) is in any other position which is inaccessible or renders
access difficult.

2.31 A concealed pipe may be installed in a pipe sleeve or duct

located under or within a solid floor provided that the pipe
can be readily removed and replaced.

Depth of pipes laid in the ground

2.32 Every service pipe laid in the ground shall be 750mm deep,
and at no time less than 500mm or more than 1000mm
below the surface of the ground, measured from the top
of the pipe to the ground surface, except where the depth
is reduced at the entry to and exit from a meter chamber.
When passing through the foundations of a building, the
service pipe shall be fitted in a sleeve or duct installed during
the construction of the building.

2.33 No service or distributing pipe shall be laid or fixed so as

to pass into or through any sewer or drain, or any manhole
connected thereto, or into or through any manure hole,
cesspool, septic tank, soakaway or refuse pit.

2.34 No pipe shall be laid or installed in any foul soil or other

substance which could cause either contamination of the
water in the pipe or deterioration of the pipe material.

2.35 No pipe made of any material susceptible to permeation by

any gas or other substance which could cause contamination
of the water in the pipe shall be laid, installed or allowed

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 51

 to remain in a position where such permeation could
reasonably be expected to occur, for example at or near
petrol filling stations.

2.36 Every water fitting and every component of a water fitting

or any pipe below ground which may be in contact with
water shall be resistant or immune to dezincification.

2 2.37 Where compliance with the minimum cover of 500mm

is impracticable, and with the written approval of the
Distribution Company, the water fittings should be installed
as deep as is practicable below the finished ground level and
be adequately protected against damage.

Jointings of fittings

2.38 Jointing should be by threaded connections to BSP, taper

thread to BS 21 or to flanged connections drilled to BS
4504.

2.39 Water fittings installed underground, embedded in any wall

or solid floor should not be jointed or connected to any
other water fitting by adhesives.

Irrigation supply

2.40 Every pipe supplying a tap used for garden watering or

other outdoor use shall be provided with a non-return valve,
unless fed independently from a storage cistern.

Operational fittings

2.41 Operational fittings such as Stop Valves, Servicing Valves

and drain taps should be readily accessible for operation
and maintenance.

2.42 Operational fittings may be located in a duct or access

chamber provided with a hinged door or removable cover
which is visible at all times. The door or cover should not be
covered with any decorative material such as carpet, wall or

52 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 floor tiling or wallpaper, which requires removal to access
the door or cover.

Water Fittings
Stop Valves to Premises

2.43 Every supply and distributing pipe providing water to

Premises should be fitted with a Stop Valve to control the
supply to those Premises only. Shutting off the supply
to a Premises means that it will be the only Premises 2
disconnected.

2.44 Every supply and distributing pipe providing water in

common to two or more Premises is to be fitted with a Stop
Valve (whether inside or outside the Premises) to which
each occupier of the Premises has access.

2.45 Stop Valves shall be located inside Premises, above floor

level, and shall prevent the supply of water to any part of
the Premises.

Cross connection to unwholesome water

and backflow prevention

2.46 Any water fitting conveying:

(a) rainwater, recycled water, treated grey water or well
water and any fluid other than water supplied by a
Distribution Company; or
(b) any fluid that is not potable water,

shall be clearly identified so as to be easily distinguished

from any supply pipe or distributing pipe.

2.47 No internal distribution pipe or pump delivery pipe drawing

water from a storage tank shall convey, or be connected so
that it can convey, other than potable water supplied by the
Distribution Company unless a backflow device approved
by the Distribution Company is installed.

2.48 To prevent contamination to any part of the water

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 53

 installation, and to prevent the backflow of water from the
installation to the supply mains, backflow prevention shall
be provided on any tank, supply pipe or internal distribution
pipe.

2.49 The method of backflow prevention and the type shall be

in accordance with BS 6700:

2 (a) where it is necessary to prevent backflow between

separately occupied Premises; or
(b) where the Distribution Company or Bureau or person
authorised in accordance with these Regulations has
given notice that such prevention is needed for the
whole or part of any Premises.

Provision of Servicing Valves

2.50 Inlets to all float-operated valves and all cisterns should be

provided with a Servicing Valve to facilitate maintenance.

2.51 Servicing Valves should be fitted as close as is reasonably

practicable to float-operated valves or the other inlet devices
of an appliance.

2.52 Servicing Valves may be of the screw-down or spherical type.

Float-operated valves

2.53 Float-operated valves and other fittings for controlling flow

to cisterns or tanks should:
(a) be capable of controlling the flow of water into any
cistern or apparatus and, when closed, be watertight
and remain watertight;
(b) incorporate, as applicable, a renewable seat and
a washer which are resistant to both corrosion and
erosion by water, or have some other no less effective
valve closure assembly;
(c) as applicable, have a float which is constructed of a

54 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 material capable of withstanding without leaking any
water temperature in which it operates or is likely

Water Fittings
to operate, and have a lifting effort such that when
not more than half immersed, the valve is capable
of drop-tight closure against the maximum operating
pressure at that elevation in the building; and
(d) when acting via an operating lever, and when the valve
is closed, withstand without bending or distorting a
force twice that to which it is ordinarily subject and, in 2
the case of a 15mm size valve, be constructed so that
the water shut-off level may be altered or adjusted
without bending the float lever.

2.54 Float-operated valves which are subject to hot water at

the inlet should be constructed of materials capable of
withstanding without leaking any ordinary operating water
temperature to which they are likely to be subjected. So far
as is reasonably practicable, their operation should not be
prevented or impaired by scale. With regard to any scale
likely to be deposited on the valve or float, the valve should
be capable of being adjusted to prevent any flow through
the valve above the required water level.

2.55 Every device or valve installed for controlling the inflow of

water (other than float-operated valves) shall be capable of
controlling the flow of water into the cistern.

Disconnection, redundant fittings and dead ends

2.56 Any draw-off fitting that is permanently removed from

the installation should have the branch pipe serving the
fitting disconnected at its source. The owner/Responsible
Person should apply to the Distribution Company for the
supply to be disconnected. This Guide applies in particular
to consumers who wish to demolish a building to which
a supply pipe has been laid. Such consumers must, prior
to the commencement of demolition work, apply to the
Distribution Company to have the supply disconnected
to prevent damage, waste or contamination of the water
supply.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 55

 Setting out

2.57 All service pipework shall be accurately located in plan and

elevation to suit the requirement of the water supply layouts
and general arrangement drawings and as required by the
approved design.

2.58 Sight rails shall be set in position, using a surveyor’s level

2 and properly established benchmarks alongside the work.
The practice of “transferring” levels by means of a straight
edge and spirit level shall not be permitted.

Installation of pipes and ducts

2.59 The water supply pipes shall preferably be installed in

straight lines, with proprietary fittings used at any change
in direction or level. All socketed pipes shall be laid
with the sockets facing upstream. All pipes shall be fully
supported at the required intervals using mounting that is
in strict accordance with the recommendations of the pipe
manufacturer.

2.60 Immediately prior to laying, all pipes and fittings shall

be examined carefully to ensure that they are sound. No
damaged or defective items shall be used. Any part length
used shall be cut squarely and cleanly at the end. All pipes
shall be clean before installation and jointing.

2.61 All water supply pipes may include bends, tapers, junctions
and other special pipes of a particular pattern as required.

2.62 When pipes pass through walls, floors or ceilings they shall
be sleeved and sealed. All concealed pipes within walls,
ceilings or floors shall be run within a protective conduit.

2.63 Before commencement, and for the smooth progress of

the pipework installation, the Responsible Person shall
coordinate and finalize the routes, ground/invert levels,
positions of the manholes etc with the Distribution
Company.

56 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

2.64 All changes in the design shall be subject to the approval of
the Distribution Company.

Water Fittings
Detectable tape

2.65 Where Water Supply Systems are run underground, pipe

shall be adequately protected and marked using detectable
tape. Tape shall be installed 250mm above the buried pipe
and shall be in accordance with the following specification: 2
(a) tape width – 250mm
(b) tape material – plastic
(c) tensile strength – 10 n/mm2
(d) detection strip width – 50mm
(e) detection strip material – plastic aluminium coated
(f) colour – blue
(g) printing – CAUTION – WATER PIPE BELOW
(in Arabic and English)

Pipe bedding and surrounding material

2.66 Pipe bedding and surrounding material shall be well

rounded, not angular. When the excavated material is
suitable, the bottom of the trench shall be trimmed and
loosened to form the bed; otherwise the trench shall be
excavated to a depth below the invert level to allow for the
thickness of bedding material. No sharp material shall be in
contact with the supply pipe.

2.67 When dug material is not suitable, imported granular

material shall be used to provide 100mm bedding and
surrounding material, see T
‎ able 2.3.

2.68 Requirements for imported material for bedding and

surrounding nominal pipe size (complying with BS 882:
Part.2)

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 57

 Table 2.3

Range of pipe
Pipe bedding and surrounding material
nominal diameter

Fine or Coarse sands up to 5mm nominal size

Up to 65mm
depending on pipe material

2 10 to 14mm nominal single sized or 5 to 14mm graded

80mm to 150mm
aggregate

10, 14 or 20mm single sized or 5 to 14mm or 5 to

150mm and over
20mm graded aggregate

6. The detection strip shall be sealed along its edge.

2.69 All surround and backfill materials up to 500mm above the

pipe shall be loose laid and hand compacted only.

2.70 If the excavated material contains stones larger than 40mm,

the bedding material must be extended 150mm around
the circumference of the pipe. Alternatively, the backfill
can be graded to eliminate stones exceeding 40mm, and
this selected backfill used for the first 300mm around the
circumference of the pipe. The remainder of the trench
may be backfilled with suitable excavated material.

Valve chambers and pits

2.71 All chambers and pits shall be constructed of reinforced

concrete or of solid concrete blocks to the internal
dimensions laid out in BS 5834, or of a material approved
by the Distribution Company. Chambers and pits shall be
designed for the vehicular or other loading to which they
will be subjected.

2.72 Foundations to chambers and pits shall be of concrete

complying with the relevant clauses of the Concrete
Specification and shall finish flush with the chambers and
pit sides unless specifically otherwise required.

58 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

2.73 The internal surfaces of concrete block walls shall be
rendered with cement and sand 1:2 mortar 10mm thick,

Water Fittings
and the rendering shall be finished with a smooth and even
surface. The ends of all pipes shall be built neatly into the
blockwork and finished flush with mortar. External surfaces
shall be waterproof to prevent external ground or surface
water from entering the valve chamber.

2.74 Where subsequent pipework is to be installed, an adequate 2

length of free end is to be left for later coupling.

2.75 Where the depth of invert of manholes exceeds one

metre below the finished ground level, aluminium steps
as specified in BS 1247 part 3 shall be built in at vertical
intervals of 300mm, with alternate steps in line vertically
and at 225mm centre to centre horizontally.

2.76 Entry to deep manhole chambers (>1500mm) shall be by

means of one or more caged vertical aluminium ladders.

2.77 Manhole covers and frames shall be of coated cast iron

complying with BS EN 124 or ductile iron of equivalent
standard, and shall be designed for the loading category to
which they will be subjected.

Testing, disinfection and flushing

Testing

2.78 The whole installation up to the roof tank should be tested

hydraulically on completion by subjecting all supply and
distribution pipes, fittings and connections to an internal
test pressure of 1.5 times the maximum allowable operating
pressure (MAOP) for the installation or the relevant part for
a maximum of 3 hours.

2.79 For systems that do not include any plastic pipes (that is,
rigid pipe materials such as copper, stainless steel etc), the
requirement shall be in accordance with BS 6700.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 59

 Testing procedure

2.80 The water supply pipelines, joints and fittings shall be tested
prior to surrounding, backfilling, building into walls and
floors, or other concealment.

2.81 All tests shall be performed in convenient sections for each

system in the presence of and to the satisfaction of the
2 Distribution Company where requested.

2.82 Prior to the commencement of testing, the system shall be

thoroughly cleaned by flushing with potable quality water
to ensure no foreign matter remains within the pipe.

2.83 The pipes shall then be filled and allowed to stand for a
period of 24 hours before testing.

2.84 During the filling operation, care must be taken to ensure

that there is no entrapped air in the system. The test
pressure shall be applied gradually by means of a suitable
pump connected to the pipe in a manner satisfactory to the
Distribution Company.

2.85 All gauges used shall be in good operating condition and

shall be accompanied by the relevant valid calibration and
test certificates and be of a condition that is satisfactory to
the Distribution Company.

2.86 During the test, all exposed pipes, joints, fittings, valves, etc
shall be carefully examined, and any joint or item showing
signs of leakage shall be rejected.

2.87 All sections or items rejected shall be removed and replaced,

and the test shall be repeated to the satisfaction of the
Distribution Company.

Disinfection

2.88 For a service connection larger than 50mm in diameter, the

following shall be considered:

60 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 (a) Sodium hypochlorite (food grade):

Water Fittings
(i) The system must be filled with chlorinated
water at an initial concentration of 20mg/1 for
a contact period of 1 hour. If the free residual
chlorine measured at the end of the contact
period is less than 10mg/1, the disinfection
process shall be repeated until 10mg/1 is
reached, or as instructed by the Distribution 2
Company.

(ii) After successful chlorination, the system shall

be immediately drained and thoroughly flushed
with clean water. Flushing shall continue until
the free residual chlorine is at the level present
in the potable water supplied.

(b) Other disinfectants:

(i) The system shall be filled with the approved
disinfectant solution at the initial concentration
and for the contact time specified by the
manufacturer. If the residual amount of
the approved disinfectant at the end of the
contact time is less than the manufacturer’s
recommendation, the disinfection procedure
shall be repeated.

2.89 For a service connection less than 50mm in diameter, the

Distribution Company must be satisfied that the water
supplied is wholesome.

2.90 Should the hydrostatic test fail, and repair work involve
emptying the pipeline, the disinfection and subsequent
testing procedures shall be repeated.

2.91 Once flushed, the water in the new pipelines shall be allowed
to stand for a further 24 hours. Samples shall then be taken
from locations directed by the Distribution Company and
immediately submitted for chemical and bacteriological
testing at an approved laboratory.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 61

 2.92 Chemical and bacteriological tests shall normally be
undertaken by the Distribution Company laboratory or a
laboratory approved by the Bureau.

Acceptance criteria for disinfection

2.93 The pipeline shall not be considered acceptable until faecal

coliforms are undetectable in a 100ml sample. As for the
bacterial count, the recorded total chlorine (minimum of
0.2 and maximum 0.5mg/l) and the pH shall be within
acceptable limits as defined within the Water Quality
Regulations. If the tests show that a satisfactory potable
water standard has not been achieved, the test shall be
repeated.

Flushing

2.94 After all hydrostatic testing and disinfection has been

completed and the pipeline is ready in all other respects, the
new pipeline shall be flushed out with potable water from
the existing mains to which the new pipeline or network is
or will be connected. Flushing entry and exit points shall
be designed to allow a minimum of 1.0m/s water velocity
in the main pipeline to remove any sand or other debris.
The quantity of flushing water shall be calculated as the
equivalent to 3 times the volume of the pipeline to be flushed
unless directed otherwise by the Distribution Company.

2.95 Flushing water shall be discharged via temporary discharge

lines to the surrounding open desert area or into the existing
storm water system or, if feasible, into road tankers. Discharge
of flushing water into the existing storm water system shall be
subject to the approval of the relevant Authorities.

62 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

Water Pumps and
Treatment Apparatus 3
General

3.1 It is strictly prohibited to install any type of suction pump,

whether externally or internally located, for the purpose of
directly or indirectly drawing water from the Distribution
Company’s water supply system (Diagram no. 5). Only
under special circumstances will the Distribution Company
consider approving such installations.

3.2 It must be noted that all electrical wiring arrangements

and electrical connections to the pump-sets and associated
equipment must comply with the Bureau’s Electricity
Wiring Regulations.

3.3 All pump-sets must be covered and installed in a clean and

dry location, and be protected from dirt and fumes. Pump-
sets must be located to allow safe access for maintenance
activities, including the removal or replacement of parts.

3.4 All pump-set accessories and associated electrical

and mechanical equipment shall be installed, tested
and commissioned in accordance with manufacturer
recommendations.

3.5 The installation of pressure-reducing valves or pressure

regulators shall be considered in the internal distribution
system where pressure is likely to exceed 2.5 bar, or as
specified by the Distribution Company.

3.6 Diagrams illustrating common connection arrangements to

pumps are included in Annex D. These are for illustration
only; detailed drawings shall be submitted in accordance
with Annex A.

Transfer/booster pumps

3.7 Where required, transfer pump/s shall be installed for the

purpose of pumping water from the ground storage tank to
the roof tank or cistern. The flow rate of the pump shall be
selected in such a way that the roof tank is filled within one
to two hours after receiving a low-level signal. A high-level

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 63

 signal should be at least 50mm below the overflow pipe of
the roof tank. Level control or float switches in contact with
water shall be made of material that is safe and does not
affect the water quality in any circumstances.

3.8 The required capacity of the pumping system shall also be

determined with consideration to the building’s overall rate
of consumption and with consideration to friction losses.
Water velocity must not exceed 2.0 m/s in the riser pipe
unless approved by the Distribution Company.

3.9 It is recommended that two pumps are installed as a

3 minimum (one duty and one standby) for security of supply
purposes, particularly in multi-tenanted buildings.

3.10 The alternative method of supply is by a direct boosting

system from the ground storage tank directly to the Premises
by the use of a transfer pump and pressure vessel system.
However, this system must be approved by the Distribution
Company and all calculations regarding riser pipe and
branches must ensure that demand is supplied based on the
appropriate consumption rate.

Pressure-maintaining pumps

3.11 For multi-storey buildings and high-rise buildings supplied

by roof tanks, the top two to three storeys may be fed by one
or more pressure-maintaining pumps, along with a pressure
vessel by drawing water from the roof tanks. The purpose
of this is to maintain constant pressure and overcome the
low pressure and loss of supply problems that may occur if
the distance between the roof tank and top floor levels is
approximately 10 metres or less.

3.12 Pump head shall not be more than 2.0 bar, or as specified
by the Distribution Company.

3.13 A by-pass from the roof tanks to the pump-set shall be

provided in case of failures.

64 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

Suction pumps

3.14 As noted above, it is prohibited to use suction pumps to

Treatment Apparatus
draw water from the Distribution Company mains or system

Water Pumps and

unless prior approval is obtained from the Distribution
Company.

3.15 Design drawings including such a pump shall not be

approved. Furthermore, permanent water connection shall
be withheld until such pumps are removed.

Circulation pumps
3
3.16 Circulation pumps shall be provided for tanks of an irregular
shape or with narrow passages or closed parts. The flow rate
of such pumps shall ensure that the whole tank capacity is
circulated within six hours.

Water Treatment apparatus

3.17 No domestic water treatment apparatus, water softener, ion

exchange unit, desalination unit, activated carbon or any
other filtration system shall be connected directly to the
service connection.

3.18 Water treatment apparatus installed at the customer Premises

that utilises chemicals for water disinfection, or treatment
processes that may alter water quality characteristics prior
to metering shall not be installed. Where further treatment
is required for certain applications, the Responsible Person
must consult the Distribution Company or the authority
concerned.

3.19 Central filtration systems or any other water treatment

equipment installed, particularly in multi-tenanted and
commercial buildings, must be maintained and operated
according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. By-
pass arrangements shall be considered in case of system
failures.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 65

 3.20 Almost all water supplied by the Distribution Companies
in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi is desalinated water, therefore
water treatment equipment specified must be considered
following a technical evaluation by the Responsible Person.
The Responsible Person may wish to seek information and
data on the water quality supplied to the area of residence
from the Distribution Company (e.g. Total Dissolved
Solids, pH, Chlorine and Hardness…etc) to verify whether
additional treatment is required.

66 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

Water Meter Provision and
Installation Arrangements 4
General arrangements

4.1 All potable water outlets supplying water to customer

Premises and connected directly or indirectly to the water
main, or sub-main of the Distribution Company’s water
network shall be metered in a manner approved by the
Distribution Company using an approved measuring
device.

4.2 Any building, part of building or Premises divided into

isolated flats (separate occupation) shall be separately
metered.

4.3 Open commercial spaces with one or more self-contained

units located separately shall also be metered separately.

4.4 Service or utility water requirements: air conditioning,

housekeeping, garbage room, toilets, filtration system
(backwash) and general services must all be metered by one
or more meters as approved by the Distribution Company.

4.5 Swimming pools (both above and below ground level) larger
than 30 cubic metres with a fixed water supply connection
shall be metered separately.

4.6 The size and type of meter shall be appropriate for the
individual customer’s overall consumption pattern and
maximum flow rates.

4.7 Access to metering installations shall be made available to

authorised officers of the Distribution Company for the
purpose of meter reading.

4.8 Diagrams illustrating common locations of water meters are

included for illustration purposes only. Detailed drawings
showing the location of the proposed meter(s) shall be
submitted in accordance with Annex A.

4.9 A metering installation must meet the following

requirements:

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 67

 (a) the Customer Metering Regulations;
(b) the relevant section of BS 6700 2006; and
(c) the relevant parts of the Guide.

Meter standards and regulations

4.10 All water meters used for measuring any supply of water for
revenue purposes must be in compliance with the Customer
Metering Regulations issued by the Bureau. They should be
approved by the Distribution Company and conform to the
relevant standards included in the regulations.

4.11 Water meters using electronic principles are acceptable

so long as they are approved and compliant with the
Distribution Company’s requirements.
4
4.12 The meter numbering system must be approved by the
Distribution Company. The meter number, if unprotected,
must be engraved on the meter body on the same side as
the reading display window. If the meter number is written
on the counter face of the meter, it should be protected by
a toughened clear plastic or glass cover.

Illegal tampering

4.13 The meter must be protected by the Responsible Person

from illegal tampering, and access to components which
may affect its metrological characteristics must be prevented.
The meter must be installed in a secure location and have a
valid manufacturer’s or other approved agent’s seal in place
as specified by the Distribution Company. Where seals have
become damaged or removed, the customer shall inform
the Distribution Company.

4.14 No customer shall be permitted to remove or replace a meter.

Only the Distribution Company, or a person authorized by
the Distribution Company, may replace or remove a meter.
A customer shall be legally liable if found responsible for
such an act.

68 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

Water meter housing

4.15 Water meters are calibrated measurement devices, and

require some degree of protection against physical shock,
maltreatment and tampering. In order to provide this

Water meter Provision and

Installation Arrangements
protection, water meters shall be housed in an approved
manner in either cabinets or chambers as approved by the
Distribution Company.

Test meters

4.16 The service pipe supplying multi-storey and multi-tenanted

metered buildings or Premises shall also be fitted with a
test meter for water balance purposes. This is to ensure
water losses or leakages inside the Premises’ boundary are
detected and repaired. This requirement will be determined
as appropriate by the Distribution Company. A removable 4
pipe fitting inside the valve chamber shall be considered
in new installations to allow for a test meter to be fixed
temporarily by the Distribution Company.

Externally-installed meters

4.17 Externally-installed water meters of sizes up to and

including 32mm diameter should be housed in cabinets
intended for use on service connections. The cabinet should
be manufactured of press-moulded fibreglass (G.R.P) or a
material approved by the Distribution Company. The water
meter box shall be of robust construction and shall be made
of GRP with a UV stabilizer.

4.18 Externally-located meters larger than 32mm in diameter

shall be installed in the ground and housed in watertight
chambers and shall be sized so that ample space as
specified by the Distribution Company is available for
maintenance activities. The chamber shall be fitted with a
cover marked ‘water meter’, of a sufficient strength to carry
anticipated loads, or as per the Distribution Company’s
recommendation.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 69

 4.19 Water meter cabinets shall have either louvered panels or
shall have visible reinforced glass doors opening sideways,
depending on the location and as per the Distribution
Company’s recommendation.

4.20 Wall-mounted lockable water-meter cabinets shall be

installed on or inset into the building wall. GRP cabinets
shall have a provision for installation through a recess in the
wall, at such a height that the centre of the reading window
is approximately 1400mm above the finished ground level
or sidewalk level.

4.21 A multi-meter cabinet can be used, provided that the

spacing between meters is as specified and that all other
requirements of the Distribution Company are met. All
cabinets shall be provided with locks and drain outlets
connected to an approved drain system by the Distribution
4 Company.

4.22 Where required by the Distribution Company, examples

of water meter cabinets submitted for approval must be
complete with all the necessary internal fittings, such as the
water meter and lockable valve and secured as if ready for
connection.

Internally-installed meters

4.23 Internally-installed water meters, commonly used in multi-

tenanted buildings, can either be installed in wall-mounted
cabinets with doors made of aluminium or reinforced glass,
or in a separate meter room. Internal meters shall be located
in safe and easily accessible locations.

4.24 Rooms housing water meters shall have the following

characteristics:
(a) a standard room size of a width not less than 1000mm
and suitable length;
(b) an electric light shall be provided where and if
required;

70 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 (c) a drain pipe not less than 32mm in diameter shall be
provided for each meter housing chamber or cabinet
connected to the building’s floor draining system;
(d) the meter(s) shall be fixed in a vertical position with
suitable support; and

Water meter Provision and

Installation Arrangements
(e) an engraved sign reading ‘WATER METER ROOM’,
not less than 200 x 100mm in size, shall be fixed to
the outside of the door of the room.

Water meter identification tags

4.25 Tags shall be of rigid plastic material and be at least 50 x

25mm in size.

4.26 Tags shall carry the following information engraved in

different colours: 4
(a) the account number specified by the Distribution
Company; and
(b) title of the Premises served by the meter.

4.27 Tags shall be screwed to the wall or the back of the

cabinet.

Water meter installation

4.28 Each meter shall be provided on both sides with an isolating

valve of the same size as the meter and suitable connectors
to facilitate future meter changes. Where a drain valve is
required, it shall be installed immediately downstream of
the meter.

4.29 Pipework shall be firmly fixed to prevent movement of the

flexible joints within the meter assembly. Adhesive or plastic
clamping is not permitted.

4.30 Meters can be fixed horizontally or vertically so long as they

are designed to operate in such orientation and depending

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 71

 on the meter’s nominal diameter. Meters of 40mm and
larger are generally installed horizontally or according to the
Distribution Company’s requirements and manufacturer’s
recommendations.

Grouping of water meters

4.31 Water meters can be installed in groups of not more than

20 meters.

4.32 Centre-to-centre spacing of meters shall not be less than

170mm for meters less than 40mm in diameter.

4.33 Multi-meter cabinets for two or four meters can be used

with the approval of the Distribution Company, provided
the size is increased to accommodate all the meters. Centre-
4 to-centre spacing of meters should not be less than 170mm,
and the clearance from the edge of the meter to the cabinet
side not less than 100mm.

Pressure-reducing valves

4.34 Pressure-reducing valves shall be used on the upstream side

of the meter if the pressure at that point is likely to exceed
2 bar, or as specified by the Distribution Company.

4.35 Where required, one pressure-reducing valve shall be

installed for each group of meters located in each floor of
the building.

4.36 Each pressure-reducing valve shall have a quick-isolation

valve on either side and shall have provision for both a
pressure gauge connection and a drain cock.

4.37 Pressure-reducing valves may be installed inside the meter

cabinet or room.

4.38 The diameter of the distribution pipe from overhead tanks

to consumers shall be gradually reduced if the height of the
tanks above kerbstone level is more than 50 metres.

72 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

4.39 Where the water meter is susceptible to regular intermittent
supply, the Distribution Company shall specify an
appropriate meter that does not account for air volumes,
or an approved air-venting device must be installed prior to
the meter.

Water meter Provision and

Installation Arrangements
Location of water meters

4.40 Locations shall be individually determined by survey of the

existing or proposed position of the ground water tank in
each plot. Such locations shall be plotted on a scale plan of
the sector and the proposed positions of the meter boxes
indicated. The plans shall be submitted to the Distribution
Company for approval.

4.41 The location of the meter box for each plot shall generally
be positioned outside the plot boundary or mounted on the 4
boundary wall at a standardised height for single supplied
properties (for example villas), and shall be installed inside
the property boundaries for Premises supplied from a
common service connection.

4.42 Meter locations shall be approved by the Distribution

Company and meters should not be installed in any of the
following locations:
(a) inside the customer Premises;
(b) inside rooms reserved for other services such as
electricity or telephones, garbage rooms, filter rooms,
pump rooms; and
(c) over the top roof of the building where access is by
means other than the main concrete staircases, unless
approved by the Distribution Company.

Meter installation

4.43 The flanged connection shall be drilled according to ISO

7005-2 raised face. The flange pressure rating shall be as
given in the particular specification or data sheet.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 73

 4.44 A straight length of pipeline shall be provided upstream and
downstream of the flow-meter to prevent flow turbulence
affecting the accuracy of the flow measurement.

4.45 The straight length at the inlet of the water meter shall be at
least 10 times the meter’s nominal diameter, and the length
at the outlet shall be at least 5 times the meter’s nominal
diameter.

4.46 The installation of the flow meter shall be such that it is

possible to remove the meter at any time and replace it with
the appropriate length of spool piece.

Setting out

4.47 Prior to final installation and operation of any water meter

it shall be confirmed by the installer that the pipeline,
meter body and fittings are free of debris and potential
pollutants.

74 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

Service Connections 5
5.1 A water service connection is a water connection performed
by the Distribution Company or performed under the
supervision of the Distribution Company. No other party
is allowed to perform this connection unless authorized by
the Distribution Company. The connection is laid from
the water distribution network main pipe by installing a
service connection pipe generally made of polyethylene,
including all auxiliary fittings from the tapping point up to
the consumer entry point.

5.2 The most common service connection sizes to households

are 20mm, 25mm and 32mm in diameter, made from
MDPE (Medium Density Polyethylene Pipe). Distribution
Companies shall ensure that under normal operating
conditions water is supplied at reasonable demand with
minimum pressure of 1.25 bar (12.5 metres) measured at
the main supply pipe to the customer. The Distribution
Company shall evaluate the size of the connection
with consideration to friction losses for long service
connections..

5.3 Diagrams illustrating the various connection arrangements

are included in Annex D. Detailed drawings shall be
submitted in accordance with Annex A.

Standard service connection

5.4 Service connections are provided to consumers when the

distribution main is available in the vicinity of the plot.
Temporary supply through other means may however be
offered in accordance with the Distribution Company’s
existing policy and arrangements.

5.5 Fittings for polyethylene service connection pipes such as

tees, connectors, adaptors, elbows, couplings etc. shall be
compression type or push-fit type as per the particular
specifications.

5.6 The size of the service connection will only be determined

by the Distribution Company. For guidance, the standard

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 75

 service connections for villas and houses are normally of
sizes 15, 20, 25, 32, 40 or 50mm nominal bore diameter,
and predominantly 20mm.

5.7 MDPE service connections pipes and fittings are used for
the available pressure found in the network; however, HDPE
may be used in certain high-pressure systems (9 bar and
above), and in connections larger than 65mm in diameter.

Service connection tapping

5.8 Service connections are generally tapped to a distribution

main using ferrules of size 15, 20, 25, 32, 40 and 50mm
by installing the polyethylene service connection pipe
(including all auxiliary fittings) from the tapping point up to
the consumer water entry point.

5.9 Saddle straps with a flat boss shall be installed on the main
water pipeline. The tapping to the pipeline shall be done
though the saddle strap using a tapping machine approved
by the Distribution Company. Screw-down ferrules shall be
5 fitted to the saddle straps. The ferrule valve shall be closed
until the service connection work is completed and tested.

Water service connection pipes

5.10 Water service pipe material is classified to two nominal sizes;

up to 65mm nominal diameter and 65mm and above. The
requirements in respect of pipes and pipe specifications are
included in Annex B. The Distribution Company’s approval
is needed prior to making any pipe material selection from
the list below.
(a) Water service pipes less than 65mm in diameter shall
be of one of the following:

(i) medium Density Polyethylene Pipes (MDPE)

PE 80 (The most common type of service
connection pipe used by the Distribution
Companies);

76 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 (ii) high Density Polyethylene (HDPE) PE 100
may be used in high-pressure systems;
(iii) uPVC pipes and fittings to BS EN 1452;
(iv) copper pipes to BS EN 1057, with fittings to
BS EN 12165/BS 864; and
(v) steel pipes to BS 1387;
(vi) pipes of higher specification i.e. stainless
steel, subject to their being approved by the
Distribution Company or the Bureau; and

Service Connections
(b) Water service connection pipes of 65mm diameter
and larger shall be of one of the following:

(i) high Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipes and

fittings to ISO 4427 type PE 100 and ADWEA
Standard Specification for Water Works No.
W-P-SS-005. Medium Density Polyethylene
Pipes (MDPE) PE 80 may be used in low-
pressure systems;
(ii) ductile iron pipes and fittings to ISO 2531 or 5
equivalent;
(iii) GRE/ GRP pipes and fittings to BS 5480;
(iv) uPVC pipes and fittings to BS EN 1425; and
(v) pipe of higher-specification material subject to
it being approved by the Distribution Company
or the Bureau.

5.11 Polyethylene pipe shall be laid without joints or unnecessary

bends from the ferrule up to the consumer entry point.
Connectors, bends and adaptors shall be provided as
necessary. The polyethylene pipe shall be installed in a
uPVC protection pipe (duct) class 10 for protection and
ease of maintenance. The uPVC pipe shall be 110mm in
diameter for 15 and 20mm polyethylene pipes, and 160mm
in diameter for 25, 32, 40 and 50mm polyethylene pipes, or
as required by the Distribution Company.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 77

 5.12 uPVC protection pipe shall be provided in all green and
unpaved areas. In sidewalk and paved areas, the uPVC
protection pipe shall be encased in reinforced concrete.
Warning tape shall be provided over the polyethylene pipe/
uPVC protection pipe in green and unpaved areas.

Service connection fittings

5.13 Stop Valves shall be provided for service connection to allow

for the isolation of the customer connection. The valve shall
be installed at a point as near as possible to the tapping
point. For 15, 20, 25 and 32mm service connections, the
Stop Valve or gate valve shall be installed in a concrete
chamber or in a GRP cabinet. For connections greater
than 40mm (1 1/2”), the gate valve shall be installed in the
concrete meter chamber, or as specified by the Distribution
Company.

5.14 For 15, 20, 25 and 32mm service connections, GRP water
meter boxes fixed to the boundary wall of the consumer
plot/Premises shall be provided. The box shall contain a
5 non-return valve, lockable valve, water meter and a remote
read-out unit. The portion of the polyethylene service
connection pipe between the finished surface level and
the GRP box shall be protected with 40mm polyethylene
protection tube fixed to the wall using 2 No. brass clamps.

5.15 For connections greater than 40mm (1 1/2”), the water

meter, stop (gate) valve and non-return valve shall be
installed in the concrete water meter chamber.

5.16 Concrete pulling boxes shall be provided at locations

where the polyethylene service connection pipe changes
direction at a 90º angle, or as instructed by the Distribution
Company.

5.17 All concrete chambers for service connection shall have

a ductile iron or aluminium cover as specified by the
Distribution Company.

78 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

5.18 The top level of the chambers shall be raised or lowered
according to the level of the nearest sidewalk or road
kerbstone.

Service connection terminal points

5.19 The polyethylene service connection pipe shall be

terminated within a chamber or meter box, or as instructed
by the Distribution Company.

5.20 Fittings required for service connection are dependent on

the type of connection. The connections in general are

Service Connections
terminated with a gate valve and a water meter.

Service connection to HDPE

5.21 MDPE service connections to HDPE pipelines shall

be made using electro-fusion tee branches and MDPE
pipe. Joints can be made either by electro-fusion or butt-
fusion in accordance with the Distribution Company’s/
manufacturer’s recommendations. 5

Bulk consumers service connection

5.22 Bulk consumers such as palaces, commercial and industrial

Premises shall be provided with a suitably-sized service
connection approved by the Distribution Company.

Tee-connection

5.23 For bulk water consumers, a service connection could be

arranged by using a Tee-connection from the distribution
main. Such connections are generally 100mm and above
in size. Connections larger than 150mm in diameter should
be valved.

5.24 Each bulk consumer measuring point shall be equipped

with the following as a minimum:

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 79

 (a) provision for installing flow measuring instruments; and
(b) a sample valve which can be used as an air vent.

Piping arrangements

5.25 The piping arrangements for installation, shall be followed

as defined within the relevant sections of ADWEA Water
Works Standard Specification for the construction, testing
and commissioning of piping works and systems for ductile
iron, GRP, sSteel and uPVC, shall be followed.

Type of service connections

5.26 There are two types of service connections:

(a) temporary – made to the Premises for a limited period
and as approved by the Distribution Company; and
(b) permanent – made to the Premises after completing
the connection arrangement.
5
5.27 Connections can be divided according to the intended use:
(a) residential;
(b) commercial;
(c) industrial;
(d) agricultural;
(e) institutional;
(f) recreational; and
(g) others.

80 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

Approvals, Inspections
and Quality Control 6
Approval of water fittings

6.1 For the purpose of ensuring that water fittings comply

with this Guide, customers, Responsible Persons, fittings
suppliers or manufacturers’ agents shall apply in writing
and, if required to do so, shall submit standard samples
of pipes, fittings, and apparatus, etc to the Distribution
Company for approval of their products.

Inspection and testing

6.2 The Distribution Company reserves the right to inspect the

water fitting installation on the Premises at any time during
work progress to ensure the requirements under this Guide
are complied with.

Quality control

6.3 A copy of the quality assurance/quality control programme

or QA/QC Certificate shall be submitted to the Distribution
Company if it is deemed necessary to ensure the Responsible
Person has in place a quality control system compliant with
ISO 9001/2000 or equivalent.

6.4 The Distribution Company has the right to ensure that

hygiene procedures related to the installation of water fittings
are followed during work carried out by the Responsible
Person. The Distribution Company may request that
individuals involved in the work undergo a qualification test
prepared in accordance with the Distribution Company’s
practices and standards to ensure a satisfactory standard of
work is delivered.

Safety requirements

6.5 All necessary precautions shall be taken to ensure the safety

of personnel and property. Work practices shall comply with
applicable national or local codes, regulations and safety
orders and practices of the Distribution Company covering

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 81

 working conditions, trenching, hoisting, scaffolding, clothing,
fire and explosion hazards, safety equipment, solvents,
chemicals, lighting, venting and grounding of tanks.

6.6 Rags and other waste material soiled with paints, thinners
or solvents shall be kept in tightly-closed metal containers
while not in use, and disposed of in an environmentally
appropriate fashion once the work is completed.

6.7 Extreme precautions shall be taken when working with paint

materials, cleaning fluids etc, especially in close proximity to
oxygen piping or oxygen equipment. Heavy concentrations
of volatile or toxic fumes shall be avoided. When working
in confined areas, blowers or exhaust fans shall be used.

82 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

Annexes
 Annexes

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 83

84 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009
Annexes

Annex A : Drawing approval requirements 87

Documents required for drawing approval 87

Annex B : Pipes and fittings specifications 89

Pipes 89
Service connection fittings 92

Annex C : List of standards and specifications

relevant to this guide 101

Codes and regulations 101

International Organization for Standarization (ISO) 101
Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority
(ADWEA) standard specifications 102
British Standards 102

Annex D : Diagrams 105

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 85

86 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009
Annex A : Drawing Approval
Requirements A
Documents and procedure required
for drawing approval

A.1 Fill in a water connection application or a form for

internal water distribution (available from the Distribution A
Company).

A.2 Submit a detailed overall drawing showing building (Riser/

Diagram) as well as horizontal plans for the building’s floors
including architectural details.

A.3 Details shall include the following:

(a) location and size of the main connection chamber;
(b) size and type of the pipes feeding the ground tanks,
the encasing sleeves and float valves;
(c) locations, dimension and actual net capacity for
ground and overhead water tanks with water piping
details;
(d) location of tanks’ access covers, type of access covers
and respective sizes;
(e) location and size of tanks’ sump pit and drain pit if
any;
(f) sizes of tanks’ ventilation pipes, roof cistern overflow
pipes, distribution pipes;
(g) state head and duty of water-lifting pumps to roof
cistern and booster pumps to specific building floor/
water utility locations;
(h) show head and duty of tanks’ drainage pumps and
drain location;
(i) location of firefighting pumps;
(j) location of water meters and housing rooms or meter
boxes; and
(k) details of vertical cross sections showing dimensions
of levels, material types and capacity for:

(i) water tanks;

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 87

 (ii) main connection chamber;
(iii) meter cabinets;
(iv) single line diagram for water pumps; and
A
(v) single line diagrams for water tanks complete
with internal distribution system.

A.4 Use the metric system of units in drawings except for tank
capacities, which shall be stated both in imperial gallons
and litres.

A.5 Unless otherwise specified, the recorded water tank

capacities in drawings shall be the actual water capacities,
not volumes.

A.6 Attach a water meter schedule with details of floor no., unit
name, no. of units/floor; meter size, cumulative horizontal
meters, meter type and total no. of meters (commercial
buildings).

A.7 Unless specified by the Distribution Company, approval of

preliminary drawings is valid for a maximum of one year;
otherwise a re-approval request shall be submitted.

88 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

Annex B : Pipes and Fittings
Specifications B
Pipes

Polyethylene pipes

B.1 Polyethylene service connection pipes shall be medium-

density polyethylene pipes (MDPE), and shall comply with
the requirements of ISO 4427 type PE 80 SDR 11 (standard
dimension ratio) or BS 6730.

B.2 The pipes shall be suitable for use above ground and
underground for conveying potable water at a working
pressure up to 12 bar.

B.3 The polyethylene pipe shall meet the minimum requirements

of the following specification:
(a) minimum density measured according to ISO 1872
= 949 Kg/m3;
(b) melt flow rate measured according to ISO 1133
– at 2.16kg load = 0.18g/10min. at 5kg load =
0.8g/10min;
(c) tensile strength at yield = 18MPa;
(d) elongation at break >600%; and
(e) thermal conductivity = 0.32W/m2K.

B.4 The pipes shall be manufactured from polyethylene

containing only those antioxidants, UV stabilisers and
pigments necessary for the manufacturing of the pipes
and conforming to the requirements of ADWEA and
international specifications.

B.5 The thermal stability of polyethylene material shall meet

the requirements of ISO 4427. If reworked material is
added or used, it shall be clean, derived from the same resin,
reground under the supervision of the same manufacturer,
and shall be compatible with the material to which it is
added.

B.6 The material of the polyethylene pipe which is in contact

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 89

 with or likely to come into contact with wholesome water
shall not constitute a toxic hazard, shall not support
microbial growth and shall not give rise to unpleasant taste,
odour, cloudiness or discoloration of the water.

B.7 The concentration of substances, chemical and biological

agents leached from materials in contact with potable
water, and measurement of the relevant organoleptic/
B physical parameters, shall not exceed the maximum values
recommended by the World Health Organisation in its
“Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality” or the EEC
Council Directive on the “Quality of Water Intended for
Human Consumption”, whichever is more stringent in
each case.

B.8 Polyethylene pipes shall be clearly marked at intervals of

one metre indicating the manufacturer’s name, nominal
diameter, standard number, pipe class, pressure rating and
date of pipe manufacture. The word “WATER” shall also
be marked every one metre. The marking shall be by means
of paint or engraved marks. All markings shall be blue in
colour. The pipes shall be supplied in coils of 150m and
shall be kept shaded at all times. The coils shall be wrapped
and shall not be exposed to direct sunlight.

Copper pipes and fittings

B.9 Every service pipe, pump delivery pipe and distributing pipe
of copper or copper alloy using screw joints or capillary or
compression fittings, shall comply where relevant with BS
2871.

B.10 The joints and fittings for use with BS 2871 shall comply
with:
(a) BS 4505 Flanges and bolting for valves, pipes and
fittings. Part 2 copper alloy and composite flanges;
(b) BS 864 Capillary and compression tube fittings of
copper and copper alloy part 2 specification; and
(c) if laid underground, compression fitting shall be of

90 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 type B to BS 864: part 2.
B.11 If pipes and fittings are laid underground, it is essential that
the method of jointing and the material used in the joint(s)
is suitable for underground use. Copper alloy fittings made
from gunmetal or material to BS 2872 or BS 2874 CZ 132
meet the requirement for dezincification resistance.

Steel pipes B
B.12 Every service pipe or pump delivery pipe of steel and every
distributing pipe of steel shall comply with the requirements
of BS 1387: specification for screwed and socketed steel
tubes or approved equivalent standard in respect of the
conditions in which the pipe is to be used or as per ADWEA
specification No.W-P-SS-013.

B.13 Every pipe fitting of wrought steel connected to any steel pipe
being a service pipe, a pump delivery pipe or a distributing
pipe shall comply with the relevant requirements of BS
1740 or approved equivalent standard.

B.14 Jointing of steel pipes can be made only by screwed joints

with screwed sockets to BS 21. No welding shall be used
where a protective lining or coating can be damaged.

B.15 If laid in the ground, pipes and fittings are to be protected

in accordance with the relevant sections of BS 534.

Unplasticised PVC pipes

B.16 Unplasticised polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) pressure pipes for

cold potable water to conform to BS 3505 /BS EN 1452.

B.17 uPVC pipes shall be of appropriate size and a pressure

rating of not less than 12 bar.

B.18 Joints and fittings for use with uPVC pressure pipes must
conform to BS 4346/ BS EN 1452 part 1, 2 or 3.
(a) Part 1 – injection-moulded uPVC fitting for solvent

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 91

 welding (for use on pressure pipes);
(b) Part 2 – mechanical joints and fittings, principally
PVC; and
(c) Part 3 – solvent cement.

Ductile iron pipes

B B.19 Ductile iron pipes, fittings and jointing of the pipes and
fittings should conform to ADWEA Standard Specification
for Water Works No. W-P-SS-001 or to ISO 2531 or
equivalent BS.

Glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) pipes

B.20 GRP pipes shall conform to ADWEA Standard Specification

for Water Works No. W-P-SS-004 or to BS 5480.

Service connection fittings

B.21 Fittings for polyethylene service connection pipes such as

tees, connectors, adaptors, elbows, couplings, etc shall be
compression type or push-fit type, as per the particular
specifications.

Compression fittings

B.22 Compression fittings shall meet the requirements of

BS 5114.

B.23 Compression fittings shall be made from gunmetal to

BS 1400-LG2. The fittings shall be suitable for direct
connection to polyethylene pipes. The compression ring
shall be of EPDM and suitable for potable water.

B.24 The thread shall be BSP to BS 21. The inserts shall be of

copper and male/female fittings shall be chamfered to aid
assembly and to avoid the crossing of threads.

92 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

B.25 The fittings shall be capable of sustaining a working pressure
of up to 16 bar without leakage.

B.26 The rubber compression rings shall be reusable at least 10

times.

B.27 The fittings shall be resistant to pull-out. No solvent welding

shall be used in assembly.
B
Push-fit fittings

B.28 Push-fit fittings shall be suitable for use in underground and

above-ground installations, and shall be compatible with
polyethylene pipes. The fitting shall consist of a body with
internal taper, grip ring for end load resistance, ‘O’ ring for
water tightness seal and liner. The fittings shall be suitable
for working pressure of up to 16 bar without leakage.

B.29 The fittings shall be of acetyl or polypropylene material

supplied complete with pre-assembled and captive grip ring
and ‘O’ ring. The grip ring shall be made of acetyl and
the ‘O’ ring of EPDM. The seal of the joint shall be made
using water pressure as a thrust medium and no other tools
or nuts shall be used to obtain a watertight joint.

B.30 The ends of the polyethylene pipe shall be marked at two

locations corresponding to the two points of resistance
provided by the grip ring and the ‘O’ ring.

B.31 Extractor tools for the dismantling of push-fit fittings shall

be supplied with the fittings. Five sets of metal extractor
tools shall be supplied with each consignment. The tools
shall be suitable for the diameter and type of push-fit fittings
supplied.

B.32 The push-fit fittings shall carry the name of manufacturer,

size and standard number.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 93

 Saddle straps

B.33 Saddle straps for service connections shall be of the flat-

boss type suitable for tapping up to 2” diameter ferrule or
equivalent. The strap shall be suitable for making service
connections under pressure or dry, using an approved
tapping machine into DI, AC, Steel or PVC pipes. The
saddle shall be of two parts fitted with an EPDM sealing
B gasket in a groove on the underside of the flat boss.

B.34 The flat boss shall be cast with a hole or marking through the
boss to facilitate the drilling and tapping process. The straps
shall be supplied undrilled. If required by the Distribution
Company, the saddle strap may be used as a blanking strap
to seal existing holes in the water pipelines after the removal
of existing service connections.

B.35 The saddle strap shall be of gunmetal to BS 1400-LG2,

with stainless steel nuts, bolts and washer to ISO 3506, and
shall be suitable for a working pressure of up to 16 bar.
The name of manufacturer, patent number, pipe diameter
for which the strap is suitable, and pipe material shall be
engraved on the saddle strap.

Ferrules

B.36 Ferrules shall be the screw-down valve type allowing for the
shut-off of the flow by means of a ½” square head spindle
extending from the top cap for opening and closing. The
valve shall close clockwise.

B.37 The ferrule outlet shall be a push-fit type or compression

type to fit polyethylene service connection pipes.

B.38 The ferrule stem, banjo, spindle, inner plug and top cap
shall be of gunmetal to BS 1400-LG2. The washers shall
be of EPDM and shall provide the sealing between the
outer body and the ferrule stem. The ingress of dirt shall be
prohibited by a polyethylene top plug.

94 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

B.39 The ferrule shall be designed as a main stem with a 360º
swivel outlet at 90º with control of water flow via the
threaded inner plug. The inlet shall be a male taper thread
to BS 21.

B.40 The ferrule shall be suitable for potable water at a

temperature of up to 45ºC and capable of sustaining a
working pressure of up to 16 bar without leakage.
B
B.41 The ferrule shall permit the installation of service
connections using under-pressure tapping through flat-boss
saddle straps.

B.42 The name of the manufacturer, standard number and

patent number shall be engraved on the body.

Stop Valves (medium pattern)

B.43 The Stop Valve shall be of the medium pattern type with
female ends, manufactured and tested in accordance with
the requirements of BS 5433. The spindle shall be fitted
with a brass crutch head. The valve shall be manufactured
according to the following specifications:

B.44 The body, valve head and spindle head shall be manufactured
from gunmetal to BS 1400-LG2.

B.45 The head works, consisting of the spindle, gland nut and
washer plate shall be manufactured from brass to BS EN
12165, and the washer plate nut in gunmetal.
(a) the washer shall be manufactured from EPDM rubber
to BS 3457;
(b) the sealing between the valve body and head shall be
achieved by the provision of an EPDM rubber head
seal;
(c) the packing between the spindle and the valve head
shall consist of one piece of PTFE impregnated
graphite aramid fibre valve packer;

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 95

 (d) the Stop Valve shall withstand a working pressure of
16 bar without leakage;
(e) the valve shall close clockwise; and
(f) the name of the manufacturer, patent number and
flow direction shall be engraved on the body.

B Gate valve

B.46 The gate valve shall be of the non-rising stem type with
female ends, manufactured and tested in accordance with
the requirements of BS 5154. The spindle shall be fitted with
a handwheel. The valve shall be manufactured according
to the following specifications:
(a) the body and valve gate/wedge shall be manufactured
from gunmetal to BS 1400-LG2;
(b) the gate valve handwheel shall be of aluminium;
(c) the gate valve shall withstand a working pressure of
16 bar without leakage; and
(d) the valve shall close clockwise.

B.47 The name of the manufacturer, patent number and flow

direction shall be engraved on the body.

Lockable ball valve

B.48 The service water meter, where installed in a wall-mounted

GRP meter box, shall be isolated by a lockable ball valve.
The valve body shall be made of brass and suitable for a
working pressure of up to 16 bar without leakage. Valve
materials shall be as follows:
(a) valve body – brass to BS EN 12165 or BS 2874;
(b) ball – nickel-plated brass;
(c) sealing – PTFE;

96 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 (d) ‘O’ ring – viton; and
(e) retaining ring – brass.

B.49 The valve shall be suitable for water temperatures up to

45ºC. The valve ends shall be female threaded ends BSP
to BS 21. All valves shall be supplied with a lock and a
master key. One key shall be provided for every 20 valves
supplied. B
B.50 The name of the manufacturer, patent number and flow
direction arrow shall be engraved on the body.

Non-return valve

B.51 Non-return valves shall be of gunmetal to BS 1400-LG2.

The valves shall be suitable for a working pressure of up to
16 bar without leakage.

B.52 The valve ends shall be female threaded ends BSP to BS

21. The valves shall be suitable for horizontal and vertical
upward flow installation.

B.53 The name of the manufacturer, patent number and flow

direction arrow shall be engraved on the body.

Drill tap

B.54 Drill taps should be suitable for use with ductile iron water
pipes, combined drill and tap with BSP thread to BS 21,
specially hardened, given a hardness range of 63 degree
Rockwell for Talbot pressure tapping machine and for
insertion of swivel balancing ferrule.

B.55 Drill bit size should be ¾” standard pattern. Cup drill and
taps size 1 ½” BSPP-11 TPI-for Machine No 2.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 97

 Draw-off taps

B.56 Every metal-bodied or plastic-bodied tap or draining tap

shall comply with the relevant requirements of BS 5412,
5413, 1010 or 2879 or approved equivalent standard.

GRP wall-mounted water meter boxes

B B.57 The water meter box shall be of robust construction of
GRP with a UV stabiliser gelcoat. The box shall have a
lockable main door and a water meter reading/inspection
lockable door to enable meter reading without opening the
main door. One set of master keys shall be provided for
every 20 meter boxes supplied, with a minimum of one
set.

B.58 The box shall be fixed to the wall using stainless steel
expansion bolts of a minimum 10mm diameter.\
(a) body – high-class GRP, wall thickness 3mm;
(b) size – 600 x 250 x 200mm (Length x Width x Depth)
or as instructed by the Distribution Company;
(c) colour – as approved by the Distribution Company
prior to ordering;
(d) hinges – stainless steel;
(e) locking – main door: two locks with square key, water
meter reading door: one lock with square key;
(f) window – toughened clear glass (replaceable) bedded
in rubber grommet;
(g) text – Water Meter (in both Arabic and English, as
approved by the Distribution Company); and
(h) accessory – each box shall be manufactured complete
with the following:
(i) rubber grommet installed in groove at the
main door (all around) to make the box water-
and dustproof;

98 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

 (ii) brass clamps (2 Nos.), incl. 8mm diameter SS
bolts, nuts and washers;
(iii) each box shall be supplied with 4 No. 10mm
diameter stainless steel expansion bolts and
washers for wall fixing; and
(iv) the box shall be provided with vent and drain
holes.
B
Jointing materials and compounds

B.59 Soft solder for capillary jointing of copper or copper alloy

water fittings should consist of Tin/Copper, Alloy No. 23
or 24, or Tin/Silver, Alloy No.28 or 29, complying with BS
EN 29453.

B.60 Silver solder or silver brazing filler metals and copper-

phosphors brazing filler metals for capillary jointing of
copper or copper alloy pipes should conform to BS 1845,
Table 2; Group AG (AG14or AG20) or Table 3: Group CP
(CP1 to CP6), respectively.

B.61 Silver solder or silver brazing material for capillary jointing

of stainless steel pipes should be cadmium-free.

B.62 Jointing compounds used for sealing screwed water fittings

should comply with BS 6956: Part 5.

B.63 Unsintered polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) tape (PTFE)

tape for thread- sealing applications should comply with BS
6974, and the material should also satisfy the requirements
of BS 6920: Part 1.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 99

C

100 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

Annex C : List of Standards and
Specifications Relevant to this Guide C

Codes and regulations

Code Water Distribution Code

Code Metering and Data Exchange Code
Regulations Water Quality Regulations
Regulations Customer Metering Regulations
Regulations Water Supply Regulations

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

C

ISO 161-1 Thermoplastic pipes for conveyance of fluids – nominal outside

diameter and nominal pressure – part 1: Metric series

ISO 2531 Ductile Iron pipes and fittings

Mechanical properties of corrosion – resistant stainless steel

ISO 3506
fasteners

ISO 4014 Hexagon head bolts – Product grades A and B

ISO 4032 Hexagon nuts, style 1 – Product Grade A and B

Measurement of water flow in closed conduits – Meters for

ISO 4064-1
cold potable water – Part 1: Specifications

ISO 4427 Polyethylene (PE) pipes for water supply – specifications

Rubber Seals – Joint rings for water supply, drainage and

ISO 4633
pipelines – specification for materials

ISO 4427 Polyethylene (PE) pipes for water supply – specifications

ISO 9000 Quality management and quality assurance

Thermoplastic pipes for the conveyance of fluids – Dimensions

ISO 11922-1
and tolerances Part: 1: Metric series
Thermoplastic materials for pipes and fittings for pressure
ISO 12162 applications – Classification and designation – overall service
(design) coefficient

ISO 14001 Environmental Management System

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 101

 Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority (ADWEA) standard specifications

W-C-SS-007 Specification for Concrete reservoirs

W-C-SS-012 Specification for Water Supply System
W-C-SS-015 Specification for Non-Toxicity Requirements for Paints
and Coating
W-P-SS-001 Specification for Ductile Iron Pipes, Fittings and Accessories
W-P-SS-002 Specification for Carbon Steel Piping
W-P-SS-003 Specification for Stainless Steel Piping Materials
C W-P-SS-004 Specification for GRP Pipes and Fittings
W-P-SS-006 Specification for uPVC Pipes, Fittings and Accessories
W-P-SS-015 Specification for Construction Testing and Commissioning Of
GRP Pipes
W-P-SS-016 Specification for Construction Testing and Commissioning Of
uPVC Pipes
W-M-SS-008 Specification for Water Service Connection Material and
Installation
W-M-SS-012 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolted Tanks
W-M-SS-013 Specification for GRP Bolted Tanks

British Standards

BS 21 Pipe threads for tubes and fittings where pressure-tight joints

are made on the threads (metric).
BS 143 and 56 Malleable cast iron and cast copper alloy threaded pipe
fittings
BS 212 Float-operated valves (excluding floats)
Part 1 Piston type 42
Part 2 Diaphragm type (brass body) 12 (GS Gen)
Part 3 Diaphragm type (plastics body) for cold water services
Part 2 Stainless steel sink top

BS 417 Part 2: Galvanised low carbon steel cisterns, cistern lids,

tanks and cylinders (metric)

102 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

British Standards (continued)

BS 534 Steel pipes and specials for water and sewage

BS 699 Copper direct cylinders for domestic purposes
BS 864 Part 2: Capillary and compression fittings for copper tubes
Part 3 Compression fittings for polyethylene pipes
Part 5 Compression fittings of copper and copper alloy for
copper pipes
BS 1010 Part 2: Draw-off taps and above-ground stopvalves
BS 1387 Screwed and socketed steel tubes and tubulars for plain and C
steel tubes suitable for welding or for screwing to BS 21 pipe
threads 52
BS 1475 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy for general
engineering purposes.
BS 1563 Cast iron sectional tanks (rectangular)
BS 1564 Pressed steel sectional rectangular tanks
BS 1710 Identification of pipelines and services
BS 1724 Bronze welding by gas
BS 1740 Wrought steel pipe fittings (screwed BS 21 – R. series thread)

BS 1965 Butt welding pipe fittings for pressure purposes.

Part 1: Carbon steel
BS 1968 Floats for ball valves (copper)
Polythene pipe (Type 32) for above-ground use for cold
BS 1972
water services
BS 2456 Floats (plastics) for ball valves for hot and cold water.
BS 2494 Elastomeric joint rings for pipework and pipelines
BS 2580 Underground plug cocks for cold water services
BS 2871 Copper and copper alloys, Tubes
Part 1 Copper tubes for water, gas and sanitation
BS 2872 Copper and copper alloys. Forging stock and forgings
BS 3505 Unplasticised polyvinyl chloride (u-PVC) pressure pipes for
cold potable water

BS 4213 Cold water storage and feed and expansion cisterns,

(polyolefin or olefin copolymer) and cistern lids 52

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 103

 British Standards (continued)

BS 4346/BS uPVC Joint and Fittings for Cold Potable Water

EN 1452
BS 4504 Flanges and boiling for pipes, valves and fittings, metric series
Part 1 Ferrous
Part 2 Copper alloy and composite flanges
BS 4622 Grey iron pipes and fittings
BS 4772 Ductile iron pipes and fittings
C BS 5388 Spray taps
BS 5433 Underground Stop Valves for water services
BS 5480 G.R.P. Pipes Joints and Fittings for Water Supply and
Sewerage
BS 5505 Bidets Part 3: Vitreous china bidets, over-rim supply only
BS 5728 Measurement of Water Flow in closed Conduits –
part 1. Specification for meters for cold potable water supply
BS 5834 Surface Boxes Guards and Underground Chambers for Gas
and Water Works
BS 6501 Flexible Metal Hose Assemblies

BS 6572 Blue Polyethylene Pipes for Below Ground Cold Potable Water
BS 6700 Design, installation, testing and maintenance of services
supplying water for domestic use within buildings and their
curtilages
BS 6730 Black Polyethylene Pipes for Above Ground Cold Potable
Water
Potable Water – Non-Metallic Products and their effect on
BS 6920
Water Quality
BS 7181 Storage Cisterns for Water Supply
Thermoplastic Pipes and Fittings for Hot and Cold Water
BS 7291
Purposes
BS EN 1057 Copper Tubes for Water, Gas and Sanitation
BS EN 1452 uPVC Joints and Fittings for Cold Potable Water
BS EN 1982 Copper Alloy Ingots and Castings (Supersedes BS 1400)
Part 3 Glassfibre-reinforced plastic cisterns for cold water
BS7491 supply

104 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

Annex D : Diagrams D
D.1. Typical arrangement for small-size connections up to 32mm
in diameter such as villa, shabiat or other similar low-rise
Premises, from the main distribution pipe to customer
Premises with ground tank and by-pass arrangements.
(Inadequate pressure)

The above drawing is for illustration purposes only. All drawings shall be submitted
in accordance with Annex A of the Guide complete with all details. It should be
noted that this part of the system shall comply with Distribution Company specific
arrangements.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 105

 D.2. Typical connection arrangement for water service
connection of 40mm diameter and above from the main
distribution pipe to a customer low-rise Premises with
ground tank and by-pass arrangement. (Inadequate
pressure)

The above drawing is for illustration purposes only. All drawings shall be submitted
in accordance with Annex A of the Guide complete with all details. It should be
noted that this part of the system shall comply with Distribution Company specific
arrangements.

106 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

D.3. Typical connection arrangement for various size
connections from the main distribution pipe to multi-
tenanted commercial high-rise building Premises with
ground tank (metered internally [see-diagram no. D6])

The above drawing is for illustration purposes only. All drawings shall be submitted in
accordance with Annex A of the Guide complete with all details. It should be noted that
this part of the system shall comply with Distribution Company specific arrangements.
A test meter fitting as specified by the Distribution Company shall be allowed for in the
Valve Chamber.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 107

 D.4. Typical connection arrangement for various connection
sizes between ground and roof tank in high-rise buildings.

The above drawing is for illustration purposes only. All drawings shall be submitted in
accordance with Annex A of the Guide complete with all details. It should be noted that
this part of the system shall comply with Distribution Company specific arrangements.
Flow-control devices shall be suitable for the system application.

108 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

D.5. Typical connection arrangement for various connection
sizes from the main distribution pipe to a low-rise single
occupancy building (metered externally) provided there is
sufficient pressure to roof tank. (Adequate pressure)

The above drawing is for illustration purposes only. All drawings shall be submitted
in accordance with Annex A of the Guide complete with all details. It should be
noted that this part of the system shall comply with Distribution Company specific
arrangements.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 109

 D.6. Typical internal connection arrangement for a high-rise
building (metered internally).

The above drawing is for illustration purposes only. All drawings shall be submitted
in accordance with Annex A of the Guide complete with all details. It should be
noted that this part of the system shall comply with Distribution Company specific
arrangements. Metering for building services and shops shall be in accordance with
the approved floor plan.

The valves layout in meter cabinet shall be fitted with pressure-reducing valve where
applicable and the valve cabinet location may change subject to the Distribution
Company’s approval.

110 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

D.7. Typical connection arrangement for certain applications
such as hotels and hospitals (metered externally).

The above drawing is for illustration purposes only. All drawings shall be submitted
in accordance with Annex A of the Guide complete with all details. It should be
noted that this part of the system shall comply with Distribution Company specific
arrangements.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 111

 D.8. Prohibited connection arrangement: the installation of an
on-line pump that draws water directly or indirectly from
the main distribution pipeline.

The above drawing is for illustration purposes only. It demonstrates that pumps
installed for the purpose of drawing water from the main distribution pipe are not
allowed and are considered contrary to the Regulations.

112 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

D.9. Typical roof / ground tank connection arrangement.

The above drawing is for illustration purposes only. General requirements for tank
connection, fittings and accessories are dependent on the tank location, volume,
height and material of construction as prescribed in the Guide. However, the standard
requirements for a tank are that it should be provided with a flow-control device (float-
operated valve), an overflow pipe, access/ an access cover, service valves, a vent
and drain connection (as necessary).

The air gap between the shut-off level and overflow pipe can vary according to the
overflow control device and the end use of the water.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 113

 D.10. Typical connection arrangement for below-ground
storage tanks (buried). Placing tanks below ground shall be
avoided; however, if it cannot be avoided, suitable backflow
prevention and overflow arrangement shall be considered.

The above diagram is for illustration purposes only. Where ground tanks are placed
below ground level, overflow arrangements shall be made to ensure no water returns
to the tank after an overflow. A suitable backflow prevention arrangement shall be
considered including a sump with sump-pump if applicable.

A suction pipe connected to the foot valve should be fitted in such a way that it can
be assembled, dismantled and removed without the need to drain the tank for future
maintenance and replacement works.

114 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009

D.11. Typical connection arrangement for a water tanker filling
station together with water tanker main features.

The above diagram is for illustration purposes only. All potable water tankers must
comply with the relevant clauses of the Water Supply and Water Quality Regulations,
in addition to the Distribution Company’s own requirements.

The main requirements are: (1) the tanker information sticker/label must have all the
required details clearly written on it on both sides. (2) All connection accessories must
be kept in a closed cabinet along with the filling hose. (3) An air gap must be allowed
for during the filling process.

Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009 115

116 Guide to Water Supply Regulations 2009