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BLOOD SPECIMEN Collection

1. The document discusses the proper procedures for collecting and processing blood specimens, including preparing the patient, performing venipuncture, handling tubes with different additives, and processing samples. 2. Key steps in blood collection are preparing the patient, applying a tourniquet, cleaning the puncture site, drawing blood into tubes in a specific order, and releasing the tourniquet. 3. After collection, samples must be centrifuged and processed within 4 hours, then can be refrigerated or frozen depending on the analysis and storage time needed. Patient and sample variables can influence test results.

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John Henry G. Gabriel IV
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10K views

BLOOD SPECIMEN Collection

1. The document discusses the proper procedures for collecting and processing blood specimens, including preparing the patient, performing venipuncture, handling tubes with different additives, and processing samples. 2. Key steps in blood collection are preparing the patient, applying a tourniquet, cleaning the puncture site, drawing blood into tubes in a specific order, and releasing the tourniquet. 3. After collection, samples must be centrifuged and processed within 4 hours, then can be refrigerated or frozen depending on the analysis and storage time needed. Patient and sample variables can influence test results.

Uploaded by

John Henry G. Gabriel IV
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Preparation of the Patient

BLOOD SPECIMEN
COLLECTION
PROCESSING

BY:
Annabel Lapuz-Carungin, MD, RMT, PT, RN, RM, MAN
Preparation of the Patient
 Factors might influence laboratory determinations:

1. Diurnal variation
2. Exercise
3. Fasting
4. Diet
5. Ethanol consumption
6. Tobacco smoking
7. Drug ingestion
8. Posture

 Some test requires at least 8 hours of fasting.


Blood
is the most frequent body fluid used for analytical purposes.

 Three general procedures for blood collection:

1. Venipuncture (blood chemistry)

2. Arterial puncture (ABG)

3. Skin puncture (pediatric client)


Technique for Venous Puncture
9. Apply tourniquet
1. Verify requisitions
10. Perform the venipuncture
2. Client identification
3. Specimen required (15 degree angle)
(fasting/non-fasting) 11. Release tourniquet
4. Inform client of the procedure, 12. Place a sterile cotton &
client reassurance. apply pressure
5. Proper positioning of client 13. Withdraw needle
6. Preparation of equipment 14. Transfer specimen
& proper labelling 15. Check condition of client
7. Selection of suitable vein for 16. Dispose contaminated materials
puncture.
Ideal: antecubital fossa NOTE: Open & close of fist during
(median cubital & cephalic vein) phlebotomy is of no value and may
8. Cleanse site with 70% alcohol or increase in potassium hence,
should be avoided.
1% iodine-saturated swabstick
COMPLICATIONS:
 Prolonged application of a tourniquet results in increase blood concentration
(hemoconcentration)

1. Missed vein Hematoma

2. Excessive pull on syringe plunger collapse of small vein

3. Client’s syncope

4. Excessive bleeding

5. Vein thrombosis

6. Infection of the site of venipuncture

 Failure of to obtain blood after two attempts is an indication that another


phlebotomist should make an attempt.
NOTE:
Draw specimens into non-additive tubes before tubes with additives.

Fill additive-containing tubes in the following order:

1. Blood culture tubes (yellow/black stopper)

2. Red stopper tube

3. Blue stopper tube

4. Green stopper tube

5. Lavender stopper tube

6. Gray stopper tube


Commonly used evacuated tubes
(with the corresponding color coding and additive)
STOPPER COLOR ADDITIVE ACTION
RED None Allows blood to clot

Red/gray, red/black Contains separator material Material serves as a barrier


between serum & cells

Lavender EDTA Binds calcium

Orange Thrombin Accelerates clot formation

Blue Na Citrate Binds calcium

Gray a. Na flouride/K oxalate Inhibits glycolytic


b. Iodoacetate enzyme

Green Heparin Inhibits thrombin


activation
Skin Puncture

 used for pediatric patients

 uses a sharp lancet pierce the skin and a capillary tube for
sample collection

 Site:

 Outer area of the bottom of the foot (Heel stick)

 Fleshy part of the middle of the last phalanx of the 3rd or


4th (ring) finger (Finger stick)

 Fleshy part of the earlobe


Sample Processing
(Pre-analytical Level)

1. Correct matching of blood collection tube(s) with the appropriate


analyte request and patient/client identification labels.

2. Check if sample is acceptable for further processing


 Amount/volume of sample sufficient
 Proper anticoagulant or preservative
 Timing is indicated
 Specimen is intact
 Properly transported

3. Centrifuge sample to separate serum/plasma from the cells


Once processed samples should be analyzed within 4 hours;
to minimize the effects of evaporation, samples should be properly
capped and kept away from areas of rapid airflow, light and heat

Refrigerated at 4°C for 8 hours

Frozen at -20°C

Avoid repeated cycles of freezing and thawing.


(occurs in frost-free freezers)
Sample Variables
1. Physiologic consideration
a. Diurnal or circadian variation
b. Exercise
c. Diet
d. Stress
e. Gender
f. Age
g. Underlying medical conditions
h. Drugs
i. Posture

2. Proper patient preparation

3. Problems in collection, transportation, processing and


storage
Thank You

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