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Torque and Angular Momentum

Torque and angular momentum are directly related based on Newton's laws of motion. For a single particle, the rate of change of its angular momentum is equal to the torque acting on it, according to Newton's second law of rotational motion. For a system of particles, the rate of change of the total angular momentum of the system is equal to the net external torque on the system, analogous to Newton's second law of translational motion. This important relation shows that torque and angular momentum are directly proportional for both single particles and systems of particles.

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62 views3 pages

Torque and Angular Momentum

Torque and angular momentum are directly related based on Newton's laws of motion. For a single particle, the rate of change of its angular momentum is equal to the torque acting on it, according to Newton's second law of rotational motion. For a system of particles, the rate of change of the total angular momentum of the system is equal to the net external torque on the system, analogous to Newton's second law of translational motion. This important relation shows that torque and angular momentum are directly proportional for both single particles and systems of particles.

Uploaded by

Anurag Malik
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Relation between Torque and Angular Momentum

For a particle
Consider a particle of mass m having position vector r and linear momentum p. the
angular momentum of particle is

Differentiating with respect to time t, we get

According to Newton’s second law, force acting on particle.

Rate of change of angular momentum of particle is equal to torque acting on it. This
statement is also called Newton’s second law of rotational motion.

For a system of particles


The angular momentum of a system of particles of masses m 1, m2, … mn having linear
momenta and position vectors .
Differentiating with respect to time t, we get

Rate of change of position vector of ith particle


Velocity of ith   particle = vi
Also linear momentum of  ith   particle
Rate of change of linear momentum of i th particle

In a system of particles the force acting on any particle includes external force, as well
as internal force, but according to Newton’s third law the internal forces occur in pairs of
equal and opposite forces; therefore if we consider the system as a whole the vector
product becomes zero.

As a result the vector product will contain only external force

In view of this equation gives

thus, the rate of change of angular momentum of a system of particles is equal to


the net external torque acting on it. This is an important relation between angular
momentum and torque for a system of particles. this relation is analogous to Newton's
second law of translational motion.

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