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2007-CE-CHEM 2-3

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2007-CE-CHEM 2-5

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2007-CE-CHEM 2-6

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2007-CE-CHEM 2-7

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EPJ1:.gI(-~gt~ , !t1lf!~ilI:F,ib -~-~- 0

I I

H CH3

(2)

(3)

A. X 1§ (1) ;fO (2)

B. X 1§ (1) ;fO (3)

C. R ~ (2) ;fO (3)

D. (1), (2) ;fO (3)

m ffi : j;_j T ~ ~ (~ 28 _¥ ~ 30 ) ~ EB f1jJ ~ ~ 1=i] ~Jl gI( 0 ~ 1:. ~JHt 1U Iff ~f1jJ~~1=i]~~JE{it;~f1jJ~~1=i]~.JE{it'~~~M=~~ 1=i] ~ ~ M - f,;Z illt 1=i] I¥J -g- :E! ~1t ~ , ~ i& ;flH~ T ~ , iJ£ A _¥ D I2E J~ r:p ~ i:fj - @ ~ ffl I¥J 1§;: * :

2007-CE-CHEM 2-8

31

A.

c.

'I

D.

A. liX -aJ ~ :a~ m:t7t 0

B. W ~ f§ tt ' ~)( ~ ®t 5tlHt9 ¥dt ~U 0

c. liX~~m~$m5~m~ft.D

D. lilt W ~ pfT ~ $, ~ 1t iJ ~ ~ 1t ~ :tt ~ KzAt 0

33. 50 em" ~ - ~ 1t rmR:tE 50 ern' ~ ~ $ 7'G 3:: ~ m 0 ;s pfT l:f ~ fj ~ :tE 1ft rE! 1ft m ~.~,.~m7'G.~'.~~Mft~~~~?

A. 50 em"

B. 75 crrr'

C. 100 crrr'

D. 150 crrr'

(tEl it Jffi: T ~.: Fe = 55.8, 0 = 16.0)

A. B. C. D.

2.51 g 3.86 g 5.02 g 5.58 g

2007-CE-CHEM 2-9

32

35. te:l l' ~ Et:J 3Ti • meA 7}:. ~ ffff j\ ~ M $ 0 111 ~ ~ • .I~~H~ 14 :f§ ~ , T)iU ~ IUJ ~ fflG j\ Et:J 1)] ~ Et:J tt ~ , 1EJ ~ IE ~ ?

~fflGj\Et:JfJJ~ ~fflGi\Et:JfJJ~

A. Ca ftJ H2O > Ba fO HCI
B. Fe fa HCI > K fO H2O
C. K fO H2O > Cs fa H2O
D. Cs fO H2O > Ca fa H2O
36. T~~~-@*mm~Rm~Et:J~~m~o te:lj\fa.aA~flm~o~m~Xfa.~Yffi~~Et:J~~.~Et:J*& J!!; J:t ~O T :

1:E X: H2 + 20H- --->- 2H20 + 2e~ Y: 02+2H20+4e- --->- 40W

A. 1:E X ~ ~ ~ ~ 1'1= m 0

B. m rfrE 1)'£ X *~)li- m ~ ~1E rQ] Y 0

c. H2(g) fO OzCg) Et:J J)] m tSj ~ 1''f m ~ m ~ Et:J ~ fl 0

D. ~ ~ 1'4 m ~ ~ - ffl il~Ht ~ m ~ 0

A. ~ ~ S ~UO ;J$lnt

B. ~ it i~ fO M

c. ~~Z~fa=artE~~

D. ii, ~ M fa 15 1J( 15

A. B. C. D.

te:l %'J DO A ffff W1i: ~

te:l tJ DO A ron M ~ (II) 1~ n te:l • it rJ (II) DO A ffff ron M

te:l E~ M %'J (II) m n DO A ffff ron M

2007-CE-CHEM 2-10

33

A. B. C. D.

3 3 2 1

4 4

4 2

3 4

2

39. COig) , S03(g) to 02(g) ~ EB /f [OJ 5t * i¥J ®: T *J3. f& i¥J 0 :tE * ~E! * ~ T , :tE 100 crrr' i¥J CO2(g) , 100 crrr' i¥J S03(g) to 200 crrr' i¥J 02(g) cp pJT ~ :& ®: T

t9: § i¥J tt f§V ~ ~ 0' ?

40. ~ 10 g i¥J M~ @! mHJg (~~ 1f;' = 100.1 g) oW ~;, ~ i\ ~ N HIif,§' , :tE 1ft 1E! * ~ T OJ i% fV 2.40 dm ' i¥J = ~ 1t @! 0 1E;fi it ffl 10 g i¥J /f ~ @! ~ &~ * it :;w ~ •. ~ If,§' , ~iJ OJ i% fV 2.S0 drrr' i¥J = ~ it @! 0 @ gj): pJT -g m 1f ~ - 1'1 ~ II @! ~ D ' ~ m 1f OJ ~~ ~ 1+ P.®.' ?

(* ~ 1f;' : MgC03 = 84.3 g , ZnC03 = 12S.4 g , FeC03 = IIS.8 g, CuC03 = 123.S g ; 1± * iE! * J~ ~ , ~m i¥J ;. ~ ~ fi = 24 drrr')

A. MgC03

B. ZnC03

C. FeC03

D. CuC03

A. ~ @m::18

B. ~@~ Z. ~

c. ~@~~8~U

D. ~ @ W, i\ ~

(1) 0 °
II II
H-C-H H2N-C-NH2
(2) 0 0
H2C-CH2 HO-g-o-g-OH
I I
HO OH
(3) H 0 H 0
I II I II
H-C-C-OH H C-C-C-OH
I 3 I
NH2 NH2
A. R~ (1) to (2)
B. R~ (1) to (3)
C. R~ (2) to (3)
D. (1) , (2) to (3) 2007-CE-CHEM 2-11

34

(1) ~ r ~

(2) 3:t ~ ~

(3) ill 1,~ * 1J

A. R If (1) TO (2)

B. R If (1) TO (3)

C. R If (2) fO (3)

D. (1), (2) TO (3)

(1) ¥i.it ~ (IV) fF ~ I@;@ 0

(2) fi.it ~ f'F ~ - ~ ~~!t 0

(3) fffF~~~ 0

A. R If (1) TO (2)

B. R If (1) TO (3)

C. R If (2) TO (3)

D. (1), (2) TO (3)

(1) 1 M :Pft M ~N l~ ~
(2) 2 M ~ ¥i. it §pg l~ ~
(3) 3 M fi. it J,/j l~ ~
A. Rlf (1)
B. Rlf (2)
C. R1'r (l) TO (3)
D. Rlf (2) TO (3) (1) 1'r - ~ ~ ~jHHl i±l 0

(2) -I~n~ B'J N03-(aq) ~ r g ~ - * m B\J ~ r :31H1.U=r ~ ffii: fF}ij 0

(3) E~&-~mU~J1! 0

2007-CE-CHEM 2-12

35

A. B. C. D.

R If (1) R 1'r (2)

R 1'r (1) TO (3) R If (2) TO (3)

(1) ~i¥J~fl
(2) ~ i¥J if! Br
(3) ~i¥J~£Br
A. R1f (1) 1'0 (2)
B. R1f (1) to (3)
c. R1f (2) to (3 )
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2007-CE-CHEM 2-13

36

2007-CE-CHEM 2-14

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2007-CE-CHEM 2-15

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PAPER 1

HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY HONG KONG CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION EXAMINATION 2007

CHEMISTRY PAPER 1

Question·Answer Book

8.30 am -10.15 am (1% hours) This paper must be answered in English

1. Write your Candidate Number in the space provided on page 1.

2. Stick barcode labels in the spaces provided on pages 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9.

3. This paper consists of TWO sections, Section A and Section B. Section A carries 54 marks and Section B carries 36 marks.

4. Answer ALL questions in each section. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this Question-Answer Book. Do not write in the margins.

5. Supplementary answer sheets will be supplied on request. Write your Candidate Number and stick a barcode label on each sheet, and fasten them with string INSIDE this book.

6. A Periodic Table is printed on page 20 of this Question-Answer Book. Atomic numbers and relative atomic masses of elements can be obtained from the Periodic Table.

2007-CE-CHEM 1-1

40

Please stick the barcode label here.

I Candidate Number I I I I I I I I

Marker's Examiner's
Use Only Use Only
Marker No. Examiner No.
Question No. Marks Marks
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13 Total

Checker's Use Only

Checker No.

SECTION A

Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

Page total

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1 . A is a compound formed from oxygen and magnesium, while B is a compound formed from oxygen and fluorine.

(a) Draw the electronic diagram of A. showing electrons in the outermost shells only.

(b) Draw the electronic diagram of B, showing electrons in the outermost shells only.

(c) Compare the melting points of A and B. Explain your answer.

(1 mark)

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(l mark)

(2 marks)

2007-CE-CHEM 1-2

41

Page total

Please stick the barcode label here.

2. A student performed an experiment to crack paraffin oil and collect the gaseous products by using a boiling tube.

(a) Draw a labelled diagram to show how this experiment can be performed in the laboratory.

(3 marks)

(b)

( i)

The student added a few drops of bromine water into the boiling tube containing the gaseous products. The brown colour of bromine water disappeared immediately. Why?

(ii) The student then dropped more bromine water into the boiling tube until the brown colour of the bromine water persisted. After about 10 minutes, the brown colour disappeared. Why?

(4 marks)

2007-CE-CHEM 1-3

42

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3. The diagram below shows the set-up used in performing a microscale experiment. A drop of hydrochloric acid was added to the drop of chlorine bleach in a petri dish and the dish was immediately covered with its lid. Chlorine gas formed by the reaction between chlorine bleach and hydrochloric acid eventually filled up the whole set-up.

lid

a drop of potassium iodide solution

a drop of acidified potassium permanganate solution

petri dish

a drop of chlorine bleach and hydrochloric acid

(a) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between chlorine bleach and hydrochloric acid.

(1 mark)

(b)

State the expected observation at posinon C and position D. In each case, write a relevant chemical equation if a reaction occurred.

( i)

Position C

( ii)

Position D

(3 marks)

(c) Suggest one advantage of replacing test tube experiments with microscale experiments.

(1 mark)

2007-CE-CHEM 1-4

43

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4. A student learnt from a book that an ancient chemical cell could be made by immersing an iron rod in a liquid placed inside a copper can. The liquid used was vinegar but not wine. The diagram below shows the set-up designed by him in simulating the cell.

iron rod

vinegar copper can

multimeter

(a) Explain, in terms of structure and property of particles, why the liquid inside the ancient chemical cell was vinegar but not wine.

(2 marks)

(b)

The student found that the iron rod dissolved gradually, and colourless gas bubbles were given out on the inner wall of the copper can.

(i) Write a half equation, involving iron, for the reaction that occurred at the iron rod.

(ii) Write a half equation for the reaction that occurred on the inner wall of the copper can.

(2 marks)

(c) The student found that colourless gas bubbles were also given out at the surface of the iron rod that immersed in vinegar. Explain the observation.

(1 mark)

2007-CE-CHEM 1-5

44

Page total

5. A solid sample contains zinc and copper only. The composition of the solid sample was analysed experimentally as outlined below:

2.00 g of the solid sample was added to excess dilute hydrochloric acid in a beaker. Upon completion of reaction, the mixture inside the beaker was filtered. The residue obtained was first washed with distilled water, and then dried. The mass of the dried residue was 1.75 g.

(a) Write a chemical equation for the reaction involved.

(1 mark)

(b) How can one know that the reaction has been completed?

(c) Explain why it is necessary to wash the residue obtained.

(I mark)
c
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(1 mark)

(e) Assuming negligible experimental errors, calculate the percentage of zinc by mass in the solid sample.

(2 marks)

2007-CE-CHEM 1-6

45

Page total

Please stick the barcode label here.

6. Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow.

Magnesium is a useful metal. Scientists adopt different methods to extract magnesium from magnesium oxide. In 1828, a scientist obtained magnesium in two steps. In the first step, magnesium oxide reacts with chlorine and carbon to form magnesium chloride. In the second step, the magnesium chloride formed reacts with potassium to give magnesium. In 1951, some scientists adopted another chemical process to obtain magnesium from magnesium chloride. Potassium is not used in this process, and there is even no need to use any other chemicals.

(a) Write a chemical equation for the reaction that occurred in the first step of the method used by the scientist in 1828.

(1 mark)

(b)

N arne the type of reaction between potassium and magnesium chloride. Why can potassium react with magnesium chloride to give magnesium?

(2 marks)

(c)

What would be the chemical process that can obtain magnesium from magnesium chloride, without using potassium or other chemicals, in 1951?

( i)

(ii) What property does magnesium chloride possess so as to make the chemical process possible?

(2 marks)

(d) Suggest one use of magnesium in daily life.

(1 mark)

2007-CE-CHEM 1-7

46

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7. This question involves how to distinguish four unlabelled test tubes, each containing one of the following colourless liquids:

methanol, concentrated sodium hydroxide solution, distilled water, hexane

(a) By heating a small amount of each of the colourless liquids to dryness, ONE of the liquids can be distinguished. Suggest which liquid can be distinguished, and state the observation involved.

(2 marks)

(b) By applying a flame directly to a small amount of each of the colourless liquids, TWO of the liquids would catch fire.

(i) Suggest which two liquids would catch fire.

(ii)

For the two liquids that would catch fire, the observations involved during combustion are different. Suggest the difference in these observations, and explain your answer.

(ii i)

Without using other chemicals apart from the above colourless liquids, suggest another method to distinguish the two liquids that would catch fire. State the expected observation. (Smelling is not accepted.)

2007-CE-CHEM 1-8

47

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2007-CE-CHEM 1-9

Please stick the barcode label here.

(a)

Teflon is a plastic that can be used to make artificial hip joints. Teflon is an addition polymer of linear structure consisting of carbon and fluorine only. The ratio of the number of carbon atoms to the number of fluorine atoms in the polymer is 1 : 2.

(i) Draw a portion of the teflon structure with 10 carbon atoms.

(ii) Write the repeating unit of teflon, and suggest a possible monomer of teflon.

Repeating Unit:

Monomer:

(b)

Nylon is a polymer that can be used to make carpets. A portion of the nylon structure is shown below:

H H H H

I I I I

-C-(CH )-C-N-(CH )-N-C-(CH )--C-N-(CH )-N-C-(CH,)-C-

II 24 II 2 G II 24 II 2 G II " 4 II

o 0 0 0 0 0

(i) With reference to the given structure, explain whether nylon is a thermoplastic or a thermosetting plastic.

(ii) Suggest one reason why recycling of used carpets to recover nylon is difficult.

(iii) State one disadvantage of disposing of nylon carpets by incineration.

(3 marksl

Page total

For question 9, candidates are required to give answers in paragraph form. For this question, 6 marks will be awarded for chemical knowledge and 3 marks for effective communication.

9. A certain brand of rust remover contains an acid of high concentration. The rust remover can be used for removing tough rust stains; while the rust remover, after dilution, can be used for removing comparatively light rust stains.

Write some instructions, with reasons, on how the rust remover can be used safely at home. Two sentences have been given below as an introduction.

(9 marks)

The rust remover should be k_epl_O_/.Jf of rfJ_acfJ_ fr'Q!!2_cf]ijcJ_U}'! __ E1§_jJ__C0f7taj_(J§ __ 9_n acid ()f

high concentration. The_rust remover should notb_?_§V{Eillowed because it is h§fJ11fYl_. _

------ -- --_-----

2007-CE-CHEM 1-10

49

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----- ~~-~~~~~~~~~--~~-~--~~

~--~~~~--~~ --~~------~-~- -~-~----- ----------~~-~~~~~-

--~--~ ~---~--~------~~~~~---------------

IMarker" IA Use Only

END OF SECTION A

2007-CE-CHEM i-n

50

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SECTIONB

Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

10. In an experiment to determine the concentration of phosphoric acid (H3P04), 10.0 ern" of the acid was first diluted to 250.0 cnr' with distilled water. 25.0 crrr' of the diluted solution was then transferred to a conical flask and titrated with a 0.025 M sodium hydroxide solution using phenolphthalein as indicator. 17.60 em' of sodium hydroxide solution was needed to reach the end point.

(a) Describe briefly how 10.0 em' of phosphoric acid can be diluted to 250.0 em' with distilled water in the laboratory.

(2 marks)

(b) Phosphoric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide in the titration according to the following equation:

Calculate the molarity of the original phosphoric acid before dilution.

(3 marks)

(c) 'At the beginning of titration, the solution in the conical flask turned pink upon the addition of sodium hydroxide solution but became colourless immediately upon swirling. However, near the end point, the solution took longer time to become colourless upon swirling.'

Explain why the time needed for the solution to become colourless is different at the two stages mentioned above.

(2 marks)

(d)

In the titration, the 0.025 M sodium hydroxide solution was used as a standard solution.

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(i)

What does the term 'standard solution' mean?

(ii)

Comment whether it is appropriate to prepare a standard solution of sodium hydroxide by the following procedure:

'Weigh a sample of solid sodium hydroxide, dissolve it in some distilled water and make up to a known volume of solution.'

(2 marks)

-----.-----~- .--.--~

~--------------_ .------~-- __ - ._- -------_----. ---_._---------

---_---- .. -------

2007-CE-CHEM 1-12

51

Page total

2007-CE-CHEM 1-13

52

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11. In a chemical plant, extraction of copper from its ores involves roasting copper(I) sulphide with air inside a high temperature furnace. Copper(I) sulphide reacts with oxygen in air according to the following equation:

CU2S + O2 ------'>. 2Cu + S02

The copper so extracted contains impurities including metals such as silver, iron, zinc and gold. The impure copper is then purified by electrolysis as illustrated in the diagram below:

impure copper anode

copper(II) sulphate solution

pure copper cathode

anode sludge

-------------

----------

(a)

With reference to the reaction between copper(!) sulphide and oxygen, identify the species undergoing oxidation and the species undergoing reduction. Explain your answers in terms of changes in oxidation numbers.

(2 marks)

(b)

Explain briefly how impure copper can be purified by electrolysis as illustrated in the diagram above.

(2 marks)

(c)

Insoluble impurities deposit under the impure copper anode as 'anode sludge'. According to the information given, suggest what substances the anode sludge would contain. Explain your

answer.

(2 marks)

(d)

'The concentration of copper(II) ions in copper(II) sulphate solution remains UNCHANGED in the above electrolysis.' Is this statement correct? Explain your answer.

(2 marks)

(e) State TWO advantages of building a factory in which contact process is carried out near the chemical plant mentioned above.

(2 marks)

--_._----_ ... _-------------------

2007-CE-CHEM 1-14

53

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2007-CE-CHEM 1-15

54

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12. Organic compound Z contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only. Analysis of Z gives the following results:

(I) 1.0 g of Z contains 00401 g of carbon, 0.068 g of hydrogen and 0.531 g of oxygen.

(II) 1.0 g of Z, upon complete vapourisation, occupies 400 crrr' at room temperature and pressure.

(III) There are no observable changes when potassium carbonate solution is added to Z.

(IV) Brown colour of bromine remains unchanged when several drops of bromine in organic solvent are added to Z.

(Molar volume of gas at room temperature and pressure = 24 drrr')

(a) Calculate the empirical formula of Z.

(2 marks)

(b) Deduce the molecular formula of Z.

(2 marks)

(c)

(i)

Suggest a possible structure of Z. Explain your answer.

(ii) Give the systematic name for the compound represented by the structure you suggested in (i).

(4 marks)

------------------

---- ----------_------------------- --_--_--

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------- -----------

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2007-CE-CHEM 1-16

55

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2007-CE-CHEM 1-17

56

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For question 13, candidates are required to give answers in paragraph form. For this question, 6 marks will be awarded for chemical knowledge and 3 marks for effective communication.

13. Discuss the similarities and differences between soapy detergents and soap less detergents with reference to their raw materials, structures and properties.

(9 marks)

--- -----------.------~----

2007-CE-CHEM 1-18

57

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IM.rker" IA Use Only

END OF PAPER

2007-CE-CHEM 1-19

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2007-CE CHEM

KONG EXAMINATIONS AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY HONG KONG CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION EXAMINATION 2007

CHEMISTRY

PAPER 2

(MUL TIPLE-CHOICE)

11.00 am - 12.00 noon (1 hour)

I Subject Code 160 I

1. Read carefully the instructions on the Answer Sheet. Stick a barcode label and insert the information required in the spaces provided.

2. When told to open this book, you should check that all the questions are there. Look for the words 'END OF PAPER' after the last question.

3. All questions carry equal marks.

4. ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. You should mark all your answers on the Answer Sheet.

5. You should mark only ONE answer for each question. If you mark more than one answer, you will receive NO MARKS for that question.

6. No marks will be deducted for wrong answers.

Not to be taken away before the end of the examination session

2007-CE-CHEM 2-1

60

This paper consists of two sections. There are 30 questions in Section A and 20 questions in Section B.

Choose the best answer for each question.

Candidates may refer to the Periodic Table printed on page 16 when answering the questions.

Section A

1. Which of the following pairs of aqueous solutions can be distinguished by using dilute hydrochloric acid?

A. zinc iodide and zinc bromide

B. silver nitrate and magnesium sulphate

C. potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide

D. sodium carbonate and calcium hydrogencarbonate

2. Which of the following substances has a sharp boiling point?

A. petrol

B. red wine

C. molten wax

D. liquid ammonia

3. X is an element in the Periodic Table and X+ ion has an electronic arrangement of 2, 8, 8.

Which of the following statements concerning X is correct?

A. X is a halogen.

B. X is a transition element.

C. X is a group 0 element.

D. X is a period 4 element.

4. Which of the following statements concerning members of a homologous series is correct?

A. The members have the same molecular formula.

B. The relative molecular mass of each successive member differs by 14.

C. The volatility of the members increases with relative molecular mass.

D. The members with more carbon atoms in their molecules burn more readily.

5. Metal Y and calcium are both in the same group of the Periodic Table. When equal mass of Y and calcium respectively reacts with excess hydrochloric acid under the same condition, Y gives more hydrogen than calcium does. Which of the following deductions is correct?

A. B. C. D.

The reactivity of Y is higher than that of calcium.

The metallic bond in Y is weaker than that in calcium. The atomic number ofY is greater than that of calcium.

The relative atomic mass of Y is smaller than that of calcium.

2007-CE-CHEM 2-2

61

6. Which of the following processes would be involved in order to separate Cu2+(aq) ions from a mixture containing Cu2+(aq) and K+(aq) ions?

A. performing a flame test

B. evaporating the mixture

C. using a separating funnel

D. adding NaOH(aq) to the mixture

7. X, Y and Z are metals. The table below shows the observations when each of them is put into copper(II) sulphate solution:

Metal Observation
X no observable change
Y brown solid formed and colourless gas evolved
Z brown solid formed Which of the following arrangements correctly represents the ascending order of reactivity of the metals?

A. X<Z<Y

B. Y <Z<X

C. Z < X < y

D. X<Y <Z

8. What is the systematic name of the following compound?

CI

I

H C-C-CH

3 I 3

C2HS

A. 2-chloro-2-ethylpropane

B. 2-chloro-2-methylbutane

C. l-chloro-I, l-dimethylpropane

D. 2-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane

9. Which of the following items can be made from polystyrene?

A. clothing

B. food wrap

C. electric socket

D. packaging material

10. Which of the following suggestions for storing chemicals is acceptable?

A. B. C. D.

storing sodium in a brown glass bottle storing silver nitrate solution in an iron can

storing ethyl ethanoate in an expanded polystyrene container storing concentrated sulphuric acid in a polyvinyl chloride bottle

2007-CE-CHEM 2-3

62

11. D , J , Rand Y represent four different compounds. D and J react according to the following equation:

D+2J~ R+2Y

d grams of D react with j grams of J to give r grams of Rand y grams of Y. What is the value ofy?

A. d+j-r

B. d+2j-r

C. 2 (d + j - r)

D. (d + 2j - r) /2

12. Which of the following pairs of elements would form a covalent compound?

A. mercury and neon

B. neon and nitrogen

C. mercury and fluorine

D. fluorine and nitrogen

13. M is an element in the Periodic Table. M2- ion possesses 45 neutrons and 36 electrons.

What is M?

A. Se

B. Kr

C. Sr

D. Rh

14. How many moles of ethane contain y hydrogen atoms?

(L represents the Avogadro's constant.)

A. y/L

B. L/y

C. Y / 6L

D. 6y / L

15. What is the volume of 0.5 M hydrochloric acid required to react with 1.49 g of lithium oxide for complete neutralisation?

(Relative atomic masses: Li = 6.9, 0 = 16.0)

A. B. C. D.

50 ern' 100 ern" 200 crrr' 260 crrr'

2007-CE-CHEM 2-4

63

16. A mixture containing 25 ern" of CH3CH2CH20H, 25 ern" of CH3COOH and 1 em" of concentrated H2S04 is heated under reflux. After some time, a pleasant smell is detected. Which of the following statements concerning this experiment is correct?

A. A redox reaction is involved.

B. The reaction cannot go to completion.

C. Concentrated H2S04 acts as a reactant.

D. One of the products is ethyl propanoate.

17. 20 em" of calcium chloride solution contains 1.0 x 10-2 moles of Cnaq) ions. What is the molarity of the solution?

A. 1.0 x 10-4 M

B. 2.5 x 10-4 M

C. 2.5 x 10-1 M

D. 5.0 x 10-1 M

18. Consider the information below:

Solid Melting point Electrical conductivity Solubility in water
W high good insoluble
X high non-conducting soluble
y low non -cond ucting soluble
Z very high non-conducting insoluble Which of the following solids is likely to be an ionic compound?

A. W

B. X

C. Y

D. Z

19. Chlorine is bubbled into an aqueous solution P for some time. The colour of P gradually changes to brown. P is NOT likely to be

A. B. C. D.

calcium hydroxide solution. potassium iodide solution. iron(II) chloride solution. zinc bromide solution.

2007-CE-CHEM 2-5

64

Directions: Questions 20 and 21 refer to the following experiment.

When carbon and concentrated sulphuric acid are heated together, sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide are produced. These two gases are then passed through solution X and solution Y as shown below:

concentrated sulphuric acid

I

heat

solution X

solution Y

20. Which of the following combinations of solution X and solution Y can be used to show that sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide are produced?

Solution X

Solution Y

A. B. C. D.

bromine water

iron(II) sulphate solution

acidified potassium dichromate solution acidified potassium permanganate solution

calcium hydroxide solution calcium hydroxide solution sodium hydroxide solution sodium hydroxide solution

21. Which of the following statements concerning the reaction between carbon and concentrated sulphuric acid are correct?

(1) The oxidation number of carbon changes from 0 to +4.

(2) The oxidation number of hydrogen in sulphuric acid remains unchanged.

(3) Concentrated sulphuric acid acts both as a dehydrating agent and an oxidising agent.

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (l) and (3) only

C. (2) and (3) only

D. (l), (2) and (3)

22. Which of the following statements concerning chlorine, bromine and iodine is / are correct?

(1) They are all coloured substances.

(2) Their reactivity increases with relative atomic mass.

(3) They all react with sodium sulphite solution.

A. B. C. D.

(1) only (2) only

(1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only

2007-CE-CHEM 2-6

65

23.

H

Which of the following statements concerning H3C-~-OH is / are correct?

I

CH3

(1) It is neutral to litmus solution.

(2) Its systematic name is propanol.

(3)

When it reacts with ethanoic acid, the ester formed is

H

I

H C-C-O-C-CH

3 I II 3

CH3 0

A. (1) only

B. (2) only

C. (1) and (3) only

D. (2) and (3) only

24. Consider the redox reaction represented by the equation below:

Which of the following statements is / are correct?

(1) The oxidation number of sulphur in S20/-( aq) is +3.

(2) One of the half equations of this reaction is 2 S2032- (aq) ~ S4062-(aq) + 2e-.

(3) h(aq) is oxidised by S20/-(aq) in the reaction.

A. (1) only

B. (2) only

C. (1) and (3) only

D. (2) and (3) only

25. Which of the following processes would produce sulphur dioxide?

(1) roasting iron pyrite in air

(2) heating zinc with concentrated sulphuric acid

(3) mixing dilute hydrochloric acid with sodium sulphite

A. B. C. D.

(1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3) .

2007-CE-CHEM 2-7

66

26. Which of the following statements concerning the measures to reduce air pollutants is / are correct?

(1) Scrubber can be used to reduce carbon monoxide.

(2) Catalytic converter can be used to reduce nitrogen monoxide.

(3) Electrostatic precipitator can be used to reduce unburnt hydrocarbons.

A. (1) only

B. (2) only

C. (l) and (3) only

D. (2) and (3) only

27. Which of the following statements concerning but-2-ene are correct?

(I)

It has the same molecular formula as but-I-ene.

CH3 H

I I .

It can form a polymer with --C-C-- as the repeating unit,

I I

H CH3

It can decolourise acidified potassium permanganate solution.

(2)

(3)

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only

C. (2) and (3) only

D. (1), (2) and (3)

Directions

Each question below (Question Nos. 28 to 30) consists of two separate statements. Decide whether each of the two statements is true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or not the second statement is a correct explanation of the first statement. Then select one option from A to D according to the following table:

A. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1st statement.

B. Both statements are true but the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1 st statement.

C. The 1 st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.

D. Both statements are false.

1st statement

2nd statement

28. Molten sulphur is a good conductor of electricity.

Sulphur molecules are mobile in molten sulphur.

29. Isotopes of an element have the same mass.

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons.

30. Carbon can form a large number of compounds with long carbon chains.

Carbon atoms can share electrons with one another.

END OF SECTION A

2007-CE-CHEM 2-8

67

Section B

Directions : Questions 31 and 32 refer to the element astatine (At), which has an atomic number of 85.

31. Which of the following diagrams best represents the arrangement of particles in a sample of astatine at room temperature and pressure?

A.

B.

c.

D.

32. Which of the following statements concerning astatine is correct?

A. Astatine is soluble in heptane.

B. Astatine is a stronger oxidising agent than chlorine.

c. Astatine is an element in period 5 of the Periodic Table.

D. The formula of the compound formed between astatine and potassium is K2At.

33. 50 crrr' of carbon monoxide burns completely in 50 crrr' of oxygen. Assuming that all volumes are measured at room temperature and pressure, what is the final gaseous volume at the end of the combustion?

(Molar volume of gas at room temperature and pressure = 24 drrr')

A. 50 crrr'

B. 75 crrr'

C. 100 em"

D. 150 cnr'

34. What mass of iron can be obtained by complete reduction of 7.18 g of iron(III) oxide?

(Relative atomic masses: Fe = 55.8, 0 = 16.0)

A. B. C. D.

2007-CE-CHEM 2-9

2.51 g 3.86 g 5.02 g 5.58 g

68

35. Different metals are dropped into water or dilute hydrochloric acid. Assuming that the experimental conditions are the same, which of the following comparisons concerning the initial rates of hydrogen formation is correct?

Initial rate of Initial rate of
hydrogen formation hydrogen formation

A. Ca and H2O > Ba and HCl
B. Fe and HCl > K and H2O
C. K and H2O > Cs and H2O
D. Cs and H2O > Ca and H2O 36. The following diagram represents a chemical cell called fuel cell.

electrode Y

electrode X

Hydrogen and oxygen are passed into the fuel cell. The half equations for the chemical changes occurring at electrode X and electrode Yare listed below:

at X: H2 + 20H- ~ 2H20 + 2e-

at Y : O2 + 2H20 + 4e- -7 40H-

Which of the following statements concerning the fuel cell is correct?

A. Reduction occurs at X.

B. A current flows from X to Y through the external circuit.

C. Both H2(g) and 02(g) function as fuels in the cell.

D. The fuel cell is an environmentally-friendly chemical cell.

37. Which of the following mixtures can produce chlorine?

A. chlorine bleach and lemon juice

B. sodium chloride and vinegar

C. polyvinyl chloride and caustic soda

D. hydrochloric acid and limestone

38. Which of the following methods is most suitable for preparing a sample oflead(II) sulphate?

A. B. C. D.

adding lead to dilute sulphuric acid

adding lead to copper(II) sulphate solution adding lead(II) oxide to dilute sulphuric acid

adding lead(II) nitrate solution to dilute sulphuric acid

2007-CE-CHEM 2-10

69

39. CO2(g), S03(g) and 02(g) are composed of atoms of different elements. At room temperature and pressure, what is the ratio of the number of atoms involved in 100 ern' of CO2(g), 100 crrr' of S03(g) and 200 crrr' of 02(g) ?

(Molar volume of gas at room temperature and pressure = 24 dm")

A. B. C. D.

3 3 2 1

4 4

3

4 2 4 2

40. When 10 g of PURE calcium carbonate (molar mass = 100.1 g) reacted with excess hydrochloric acid, 2.40 drrr' of carbon dioxide was obtained at room temperature and pressure. However, in a similar experiment using 10 g of IMPURE calcium carbonate, 2.50 dnr' of carbon dioxide was obtained. Assuming that the impurity is a metallic carbonate, what would this impurity be ?

(Molar masses: MgC03 = 84.3 g, ZnC03 = 125.4 g, FeC03 = 115.8 g, CuC03 = 123.5 g; molar volume of gas at room temperature and pressure = 24 drrr')

A. MgC03

B. ZnC03

C. FeC03

D. CuC03

41. Which of the following items does NOT require the use of the products obtained from electrolysis of brine?

A. manufacture of soaps

B. manufacture ofpolyethene

C. manufacture of bleaches

D. manufacture of hydrochloric acid

42. Which of the following pairs of compounds can form condensation polymers?

(1)

o

II

H-C-H

(2)

(3)

H 0

I II

H-C-C-OH

I

NH2

H 0

I II

HC-C-C-OH

3 I

NH2

A. B. C. D.

(1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

2007 -CE-CHEM 2-11

70

43. Which of the following bonds or attractive forces exist in ammonium nitrate?

(1) ionic bond

(2) covalent bond

(3) van der Waals' forces

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only

C. (2) and (3) only

D. (l),(2) and (3)

44. Which of the following statements concerning a zinc-carbon cell are correct?

(1) Manganese(IV) oxide acts as the anode.

(2) Ammonium chloride acts as an electrolyte.

(3) Zinc acts as the negative electrode.

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only

C. (2) and (3) only

D. (1), (2) and (3)

45. Using carbon as electrodes, which of the following solutions would give hydrogen upon electrolysis?

(1) 1 M silver nitrate solution

(2) 2 M sodium hydroxide solution

(3) 3 M calcium chloride solution

A. (1) only

B. (2) only

C. (l) and (3) only

D. (2) and (3) only

46. Which of the following statements concerning the reaction of concentrated nitric acid with copper is / are correct?

(1) A colourless gas is evolved.

(2) One mole ofN03 ~ (aq) ions requires one mole of electrons for reduction.

(3) It involves a displacement reaction.

A. B. C. D.

(1) only (2) only

(1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only

2007-CE-CHEM 2-12

71

47. A student pours two different acids respectively into two test tubes, each containing a piece of magnesium ribbon of the same mass, until the ribbons are completely covered by the acids. If she wishes to compare the relative strength of the acids by observing the initial rate of evolution of gas, which ofthe following items should be the same?

(1) volume of the acids

(2) concentration of the acids

(3) basicity of the acids

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (l)and(3) only

C. (2) and (3) only

D. (I), (2) and (3)

Directions

Each question below (Question Nos. 48 to 50) consists of two separate statements. Decide whether each of the two statements is true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or not the second statement is a correct explanation of the first statement. Then select one option from A to D according to the following table:

A. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation of the 1 st statement.

lB. Both statements are true but the 2nd statement is NOT a correct explanation of the 1 st statement.

. C. The 1 st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

1st statement

2nd statement

48. Galvanised iron is used for making food cans.

Zinc can prevent iron from rusting by sacrificial protection.

49. Cracking is an endothermic reaction.

Cracking results In an increase of number of molecules.

50. Soapy detergent can be used to treat oil spillage on sea surface.

Soapy detergent can act as an emulsifying agent for oil.

END OF PAPER

2007-CE-CHEM 2-13

72

2007-CE-CHEM 2-14

73

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2007-CE-CHEM 2-15

74

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2007-CE-CHEM 2-16

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76

3. (a) ocr + cr + 2H+ --;. C12 + H20 ~ NaOCl + 2HCl --;. Cl, + H20 + NaCl

(b) (i) (El3~§)~~1*-5 / W-5

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77

2

6. (a) MgO + Clz + C ~ MgCl2 + CO w: 2MgO + 2Cb + C ~ 2MgCl2 + CO2

(b) ~1t~J]l: (BZJJ!) / rn:~( &JJ!) w.m~,~~~~~~J]l:~/~~mmo

(c) (i)~M

7. (a) til fm~1t~P3l~~1 Wl'~·~ /fyj*

0D~M~m~~*~~E~®a~~m~~*~~~~/w~Mm~,a~ r~m~~*~1'§~~~~

a~5C~liIiRpx)j-~ ~ @~~ r%J

(iii) ~m~7J( / t!i\~1t~P3mml)j-5jU1JDA~@~:fDa~cp 0 ~MWm§Wi* / tilfm ~1t~P3~~ml~B:~~~ , {§.a~~Ij/F~ 0

78

8. (a) (i)

F F F F F F F F F F

I I I I I I I I I I

-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-

I I I I I I I I I I

F F F F F F F F F F

~ -CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2- ~ -C~C~C~C~C~C~C~C~C~C~-

F F

I I

-C-C-

I I

F F

~ -CF2 -CF2- ~ -CF2 CF2-

(iii) 11Tltl::\$ti~~ IN02/NOICO/HCN/~* c

9. 1t~9;O~ ~~:!lti~

• Y~§IH~ / §IU~. / ~~=F~ I {*~1X§fZ / ~%fD&:rI~§N§~~t~~ I PDt~~&:

rI ~J[ tJ :*: .;. i¥J 71< ;~ ~7t

• IZ9raJl;~B1M~~~:!lt1

f~Tli@fE

• rr:/J\£P*~JH\'~I:;'I:;'lJOA:*:£7J«CP' ]ftlJotJlJH'#

• IZ9 rr: 1j$Z Il* ~JHr~ (raJ 1JL§E i¥J M) m ~ B~ 11 mz tl::\ :*: ;_ Jm / ~ 5E p* ~~ ~~ (M)J~ l~l tl::\ *

;!'t ftQ m 1:£ ~ p~

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• lZ91!m.~.~~/m.:*:~EIW.~~~m~~~tl::\$~/W~tt~m ~~~tl::\:*:£i¥JJm/mz1:£~i¥J~:1J~tl::\Mtt~~

6

3

79

10.

(a)

m~~"g:tf:1. 10.0cm3B"J~~"~¥U 250.0cm3 B"J;g;;_~li c 110 A ~ ~ 7]< 00: .¥ ~ ¥U ~U sr

5tt£ 1

(b)

• fID. ¥\ it ~pg a"J ~m t£ = 0.0176 x 0.025 = 4.40 x 10-4

• fr 25.0 crrr' B"J m Tll~ ~tlUP ~ ~ B"J ~ m t£ = 4.40 X 10-4/2 = 2.20 X 10-4

• JJ¥: * ~ ~ ~m l~ t!t = 2.20 X 10-4 x 10/(10/1 000)

= 0.221'.1 3

(c) = to {'F EtH~: ~ @IJc ~ i@ fli c ~~ff~~~'~B"J~m~~'~~NillHW~m~B"J.*~~~~/ !F£H!~$~p~ ,

(d)

(i) (ii)

~ @ E ~O l.~ ~ B"J;~

/f1iS" ~ , fr @ *, cP Im~ ~ ¥\ ft: ~pr'@: ~ Il& ~?:jk {51 / CO2 c

11.

(a)

~ iT ~,1t: ~:'J f£ ~ J!iT~.~ fj~ EEO~ -2,

~T- ' S B"J~dtt£EB -2 ~ +4

(I) T- fO ~ , Cu a'S ~ {t t£ EB + 1 ~1tZ 0 }1 a ttS ~ 1t t£

1

(b) /f ~1PJ~t~(IE~) ~:E% (II)l¥llT-!Cu-7Cu2~+2e-

~lcp (II)f.iliT-fr i¥i~ (ffilt~)~ Cu2~+2e--7Cu

(c) ~IUO~

~~~ /f~~(Wmffitt'~~~H~mltZ.T-)

(d) /f IE lit' (II) l?ll T- ;!,~8it;l!ilT ~ c

fr~~·.!~~m .T-,~~~~ttm~~~ItZ.T-c m fr §;~ , m. T- 51 iJ 7Jd8:ff:1C 1J2~ c

(e)

• ri~1~B":J Sal ~t¥~;:ta~tt*4

• tE SOz ~ ~ JlEfl p~ :¥ 1& {ft

• ~£ SOz51~j$*,;"5*

[tJ 1:. ~ cP 2 ' 4fff:

2

80

12. (a) C: H: 0 t¥J.~IHt
OAOI 0.068 0.531
-_ -- _
12 1 16
= 0.033 : 0.068 : 0.033
= 1 : 2: 1
Z t¥JJU~3t : CH20 2
(b) ~9: Z t¥J 7:t T 3t ~ (CH2O)n
Z t¥J 3t ~ = 1 x 24 = 60
(400/1000)
(12+2+ 16)n=60
n=2
Z t¥J 7:t T 3t:.lI: C2H402 2
(c) (i) HCOOCH3
WH~ :
EB (III): Z ::f:.lI: M 0
EB (IV): Z 1~ 1"f litR litR !Hl! 0
(ii) Ej3 M Ej3 §§ 6

• ~ttm#~ttm~~~1"f.TM/~m~m./~o

• ~ttm#~ttm~~~1"f.*ttfimm*ttfio

• ~ '1:1 m ~ ~U1;t §~ IDJ / 1m N mG ' ffij 1F ~ tt m ~ ~U1;t E 1m N mG 0

• ~ '1:1 m ~ ~u 1"f -coo- !f ' ffij 1F ~ tt 1lW 17#. ~u 1"f -S03 - / -OS03 - !f 0

• ~'11m~~U::f~g1:E~* / M'111rfi cp ~fF ' ffij1F~'11m~~U~g 0

• ~'11;fD1F~'11m~~u~ ffl fFjj'~1~~U 0

• ~ttm#~ttm~~~ffl~~~~o

• ~'11m~~Uill[ m:.lI: ~ t?1J ~m t¥J ' ffij1F~'11 m~~u ill[ m::f:.lI: 0

• #~ttm~~~~g~ffijm~~.,ffij~ttm~~::f~o

3

81

Marking Scheme

This document was prepared for markers' reference. It should not be regarded as a set of model answers. Candidates and teachers who were not involved in the marking process are advised to interpret its contents with care.

Section A

L (a) [GH0f

(b)~

~

(c) Melting point of A is higher than that ofB.

Ions of A are linked by strong ionic bonds / electrostatic force forming giant crystal lattice. Molecules of B are attracted by weak van der Waals' forces / intermolecular forces.

2. (a)

rocksil soaked with paraffin oil

broken pieces of unglazed porcelain

products

strong heat

water

Cracking set-up

Gas collection set-up

Labelling of paraffin oil and porcelain/porous pot/pumice stones/aluminium oxide/etc.

(ii) The products of cracking also contained saturated (hydrocarbons) / alkanes / methane/ 2

reasonable name or molecular formula of alkane, which decolourised the bromine water slowly by substitution reaction.

(b) (i) The products of cracking contained unsaturated (hydrocarbons) / alkenes / C=C / ethene/ 2

reasonable name of alkene, which decolourised the bromine water immediately by addition reaction.

82

3. (a) ocr + cr + 2F -';> Cl2 + H20 or NaOCI + 2HCl -';> Cl2 + H20 + NaCI

(b) (i) Change (from colourless) to brown/yellow

Cl, + 2r -';> 2Cr + 12 or Cl2 + 2K1 -';> 2KCl + 12

(ii) No observable change/reaction

(c) less chemicals are used 1 less harmful to environment 1 less dangerous / easy to handle 1 save money 1 save time

4. (a) Both vinegar and wine contain molecules.

Only vinegar (ethanoic acid) can ionise in water 1 contains (mobile) Ions for conducting electricity.

(b) (i) Fe ~ Fe2+ + 2e-

(c) Iron reacts directly with vinegar/H''(aq) giving out hydrogen gas.

5. (a) Zn + 2H+ -';> Zn2+ + Hz or Zn + 2HCl ~ ZnCh + H2

(b) No further gas evolved

(c) To wash away Znz+ 1 cr 1 H+ 1 ZnCl2 1 HCl lacid left behind

(d) Copper will be oxidized 1 become copper(II) oxide 1 copper reacts with oxygen (or air)

(e) Percentage of zinc by mass in the sample = (2.00 - 1.75)/2.00 x 100%

= 12.5%

2

83

6. (a) MgO + CI2 + C ~ MgCIz + CO or 2MgO + 2Clz + C -i> 2MgCI2 + CO2

(b) redox (reaction) / displacement (reaction)

Potassium is a more powerful reducing agent / more reactive than magnesium.

(c) (i) electrolysis

(ii) Magnesium chloride is an ionic compound /electrolyte/conduct electricity in molten state/ contains mobile ions.

(d) sacrificial protection making alloy! firework / flash

7. (a) concentrated sodium hydroxide solution solid / powder left

(b) (i) methanol and hexane

(ii) methanol bums with a blue flame while hexane bums with a yellow flame / hexane burns with a more sooty flame than methanol

carbon content in hexane is higher than that in methanol

(iii) Add distilled water / cone. sodium hydroxide solution separately to methanol and hexane.

Methanol is miscible with distilled water cone. sodium hydroxide solution while hexane is not.

OR

Just mix them together, two layers are observed. Upper layer is hexane while lower layer is methanol.

OR

Carry out boiling point test. The one with higher boiling point is hexane.

84

8. (a) (i)

F F F F F F F F F F

I I I I I I I I I I

---C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C--C---

I I I I I I I I I I

F F F F F F F F F F

or -CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2-CF2- or -CF2 CF2 CF2 CF2 CF2 CF2 CF2 CF2 CF2 CFr

(ii) Repeating unit:

F F

I I

---c-c--

I I

F F

or -CF2 -CF2- or -CF2 CF2-

Monomer: CF 2=CF 2 / tetrafluoroethene

(b) (i) Nylon is a thermoplastic as there are no cross links.

(ii) Carpets may be made of a variety of materials. Separating nylon from carpets may be difficult.

(iii) Poisonous gas NO} NO! CO HCN soot may evolve.

9. Chemical Knowledge

Corrosive propertY

• safety glasses / goggles rubber gloves protective clothings / avoid contact with skin or eyes! wash with plenty of water if contacted with skin

• because acid of high concentration is corrosive

Dilution process

• add slowly small amount of rust remover into a large amount of water with stirring

• because large amount of heat given out in dilution of the rust remover (acid of high concentration) / avoid rust remover (acid) splashing out

Other potential dangers

• use plastic container instead of metal do not use to clean marble! do not mix with chlorine bleach or caustic soda do not put in warm place

• because will damage metal container damage marble / toxic gas evolves if mix with chlorine bleach! large amount of heat releases if mix with caustic soda / acidic gas evolves if put in warm place

Effective communication

85

6

3

Section B

10.

(a)

10.0 cnr' of the acid is transferred into a 250.0 em" volumetric flask using a pipette. Distilled water is added up to the graduation mark.

(b)

• No. of moles ofNaOH = 0.0176 x 0.025 = 4.40 x 10-4

• No. of moles ofH3P04 in 25.0 em' of the dil. soln. = 4.40 x 10-4/2 = 2.20 X 10-4

• Molarity of the original phosphoric acid = 2.20 x 10-4 x 10/(10/1 000)

= 0.22M 3

(c) Neutralisation is a quick process.

As titration proceeds, concentration of acid decreases, less chance ofNaOH to contact with the acid I rate of reaction decreases.

(d)

(i) (ii)

A solution of known concentration.

Not appropriate. Solid sodium hydroxide absorbs water/Ct.r, readily in air.

11.

(a)

Species undergo oxidation is sulphide ion, O.N. ofS changes from -2 to +4. Species undergo reduction are copper(I) ion and oxygen, O.N. of Cu changes from + I to 0 and O.N. of 0 changes from 0 to -2.

(b) The impure copper anode (+ve electrode) becomes copper(lI) ions / Cu -7 Cu2- + 2e-

Copper(II) ions in the solution discharge on the pure copper cathode (-ve electrode) Cu2- + 2e- -7 Cu

C c) Silver and gold

They are less reactive than copper (less readily to dissolve as ions when compared with copper)

(d) Not correct. Concentration of copper(II) ions drops gradually.

At anode, iron/zinc dissolve as ions because they become ions more readily than copper. However at cathode, copper(II) ions are always preferentially discharged.

(e)

• SO] available as resource for contact process

• The cost of transportation of S02 is minimised

• Prevent air pollution induced by S02 [Any 2 points above. 1 mark for each point.]

2

86

Effective communication

3

12.

(a)

Mole ratio ofC : H : 0 OA01 0.068 0.531

12

16

= 0.033 : 0.068 : 0.033 = 1 : 2: 1

Empirical formula of Z : CH20

2

(b) Let the molecular formula of Z be (CH20)n

1

formula mass of Z = x 24 = 60

(400 ! 1000)

(l2~2-16)n=60 n=2

Molecular formula of Z is C2H402

2

(c)

(i)

HCOOCH3 Explanations:

from (III): Z is not an acid.

from (IV): No carbon carbon double bond in Z.

(ii) methyl methanoate

13. Chemical Knowledge 6

• Both soapy and soapless detergents have ionic group / head and long hydrocarbon chain / tail.

• Both soapy and soapless detergents have hydrophilic property and hydrophobic property.

• Soapy detergents made from fats / oils, while soapless detergents made from petroleum.

• Soapy detergents have -COO- group, while soapless detergents have -S03- ! -OS03- group.

• Soapy detergents cannot work with hard water / acidic medium, while soap less detergents can.

• Both soapy and soap less detergents act as wetting agents.

• Both soapy and soap less detergents act as emulsifying agents.

• Soapy detergents are usually biodegradable, while soapless detergents usually are not.

• Soapless detergents can be tailor-made, while soapy detergents cannot.

87

§=
Paper 2
lm~ ~~ lm5m ~~
Question No. Key Question No. Key
l. B (65) 26. B (40)
2. D (34) 27. D (53)
3. D (52) 28. C (31)
4. B (36) 29. C (82)
5. D (20) 30. B (41)
6. 0(73) 3l. A (37)
7. A (83) 32. A (57)
8. B (57) 33. B (45)
9. 0(57) 34. C (67)
10. 0(24) 35. 0(62)
1l. A (34) 36. 0(44)
12. D (80) 37. A (75)
13. A (66) 38. D (22)
14. C (41) 39. A (42)
15. C (54) 40. A (43)
16. B (35) 4l. B (68)
17. C (46) 42. D (21)
18. B (64) 43. A (24)
19. A (69) 44. C (68)
20. A (54) 45. D (49)
2l. A (38) 46. B (52)
22. C (59) 47* C (20)
23. C (48) 48. C (58)
24. B (64) 49. B (61)
25. 0(36) 50. C (63)
* $8rt~*ffil!J'1i
This item was deleted.
ti: jf§ !JJt ftJ Ii * J!$ :;g: 3/j B H}$ c
Note. Figures in brackets indicate the percentages of candidates choosing the correct answers.
U~ rIJP*~a.l rrtJ m BJ] ~~~8rt,~m~8rt&~~~~*~m~~~m~8rt~$¥~8rt~~~m,~m~.~~m8rt~ !B ~ ffijlJ '1i 0 i'IU1~H[~H1 *~,~ , .L iI!HR: IE £ :5~ -f [OJ B'j ~ EB ; :®: m 5t B'j ~ EB :5~ 8rt ~ B'j ~ 53 U 1J ~~ , * fjg ~ 1'[OJ~M~~~~mlli*'~~Z'*~.~~~~~R~mMo~m~m8rt~,~.~~~~ ~~~'ffi~1'm1'~B~'1i·~m8rt~B~~IE~~8rt$m'1i1'ffl,@mn~~8rt~w.~, ~~~~~,~~~~~8rt~~~.~lli~~

General note on item deletion

It is normal for the HKEAA to delete a small number of items from its multiple-choice question papers if they prove unsatisfactory. In practice, there are a number of reasons why this is considered necessary. By far the most common reason for deleting an item is that the item fails to discriminate between weak and able candidates - in other words, the majority of the candidates involved had to rely on guesswork in answering that question. If such an item is retained, the measurement process is rendered less effective. Where items have been deleted in the live papers, they are still included in this series of publications. They are indicated as deleted items. Such items may be discussed in the examination reports.

88

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89

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90

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91

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D.* m 1i~ M ID'r:i (II) m ~ no A fm ME M (22%) 92

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~42 T JU O]~ it 1t iJ ~ EJ 1: ~ n iJ g iJ t~ ?
(1) 0 0
II II
H-C-H H2N-C-NH2
(2) 0 0
H2C-CH2 HO-g-o-g-OH
I I
HO OH
(3) H 0 H 0
I II I II
H-C-C-OH H C-C-C-OH
I 3 I
NH2 NH2
A. R~ (1) TO (2) (32%)
B. R~ (1) TO (3) (15%)
C. R~ (2) TO (3) (32%)
D.* (1) , (2) TO (3) (21%) 5. J_;) ~ 43 ffl -WU ' ~ 1: tii iJ ~D §~ I¥J ~g :1J t~ && 0 Po 5fJ: J_;) ~ 1'* ~ EI :B- 53U * ~ r~ M r m ' ~~.mm •• :1J'~1:I!!~~~i:BlEliil¥J~~om~~*~~~iJ~~m~ ~ fff ' 1~ 11'H~ ilLIj~ fF c±H~ 1ii 1U IftIT 0

~43 T JU U]~ ® m ~ 51 :1J 1¥ 1£ 1J~ 1iP\! M ~ r:p ?
(1) Mrm
(2) ~~.
(3) ill •• :1J
A.* R~ (1) TO (2) (24%)
B. R:ff (1) TO (3) (27%)
C. R:ff (2) TO (3) (35%)
D. (1) , (2) TO (3) (14%) 93

Candidates' Performance

Paper 1

Question Number Performance in General
Section A Satisfactory
2 Fair
3 Fair
4 Fair
5 Satisfactory
6 Fair
7 Fair
8 Poor
9 Satisfactory
Section B 10 Satis factory
11 Fair
12 Poor
13 Satisfactory (All questions were cornpulsory.)

Section A

1.

(a) & (b)

Well answered, Although most candidates were able to draw the electronic diagrams for both compounds A and B, some candidates had a wrong concept that ionic compounds were formed by sharing of electrons.

(c) Some candidates wrongly said that the particles of an ionic compound are atoms instead of ions. Some also misunderstood that Van der Waals' forces exist between atoms instead of molecules.

2.

(3)

Some candidates were not able to draw the labelled diagram of the experimental set-up correctly. For example, some gave a wrong position of heating, and some gave a wrong method of collecting gaseous products

(b)

(i)

Well answered. However. some candidates wrongly answered that the products would reduce bromine to bromide ions as if it were a redox reaction.

(ii) Most candidates were able to tell that it is alkane that causes the decolourisation of bromine. However. some candidates were unable to specify the type of reaction.

3.

(a)

Quite a number of candidates wrongly wrote ocr as HOC!.

(b)

(i)

Most candidates gave the correct equation. However, some candidates wrongly stated that brown solid or brown gas is observed.

(ii) Some candidates wrongly thought that chorine is a reducing agent which would decolourise acidified potassium permanganate solution.

(c) Well answered.

94

(b)

(i)

Many candidates wrongly perceived that sodium hydroxide solution would catch fire.

4.

(a)

Most candidates were not able to point out that both vinegar and wine contain molecules. They did not seem to know that ethanoic acid can form ions in water.

(b) Many candidates were not able to write half equations for the reactions involved correctly.

(c) Some candidates wrongly thought that colourless oxygen gas is liberated through the electrolysis of vinegar using iron rod as electrode.

5.

(a)

Well answered.

(b) Most candidates were able to state the expected observation upon the completion of the reaction.

(c) Well answered.

(d) Many candidates were not able to give a precise answer. Candidates should point out that copper. instead of the residue, will be oxidised by air.

(e) Few candidates were able to arrive at the answer in using simple ratio. Most candidates performed calculation mechanically through the use of mole concept.

6.

(a)

Generally well answered. However, some candidates wrongly wrote Cl to represent chlorine gas.

(b) & (c)

Well answered. Only some candidates gave wrong answers like "replacement reaction".

(d) Many candidates gave indirect answer for the use of magnesium such as "making milk of magnesia to neutralise excess gastric acid".

7.

(a)

Generally well answered. Yet some candidates were not able to deduce that only sodium hydroxide solution would leave solid residue after all the four colourless liquids are heated to dryness.

(ii) Well answered.

(iii) Poorly answered. Many candidates did not read the question carefully. They wrongly suggested using chemicals like bromine water and potassium permanganate solution, other than those given, to distinguish the two liquids as required by the question.

8.

(a)

(i)

Poorly answered. Many candidates were not able to write the structure of teflon correctly.

(ii) Many candidates gave wrong answers such as -(CF2)- as the repeating unit.

(b)

(i)

Many candidates were not able to distinguish branched chains and cross links.

95

(ii) & (iii)

Generally well answered.

9. Most candidates were able to point out that the rust remover containing high concentration of acid would be corrosive. However, some candidates just mentioned that water should be added to rust remover during dilution without specifying that plenty of water should be needed. Moreover, some candidates wrongly thought that mixing rust remover with alkaline substances would give toxic gases or even cause explosion.

10.

(a)

Some candidates did not know how to dilute the phosphoric acid. Some even did not know how to choose suitable apparatus. For example, some wrongly suggested using measuring cylinder instead of using pipette. Many candidates overlooked the importance of choosing apparatus of appropriate size.

Section B

(b) Most candidates were able to perform the calculation. However, some candidates forgot that only one-tenth volume of the acid is used in the titration.

(c) Very few candidates were able to point out that neutralisation is a quick process.

(d)

( i)

Only a few candidates were able to explain the meaning of standard solution.

(ii) Very few candidates were able to point out the deliquescent property of solid sodium hydroxide.

11.

(a)

Many candidates were able to identify that sulphide ions undergoes oxidation, but many candidates did not realise that both copper(I) ions and oxygen undergo reduction.

(b) Most candidates were not able to explain microscopically the changes occur at the impure copper anode and the pure copper cathode.

(c) Most candidates gave correct answers for the substances found in the anode sludge but they were not able to explain their deductions by comparing the reactivity of the metals.

(d) Many candidates simply mechanically wrote the materials learnt from the electrolysis of copper(ll) sulphate solution using copper as electrodes, and answered that "the concentration of copper(IJ) ions remains unchanged". They did not realize that Zn and Fe were preferentially oxidized at the anode during electrolysis.

(e) Generally we II answered, However, some candidates did not point out that sulphur dioxide is the raw material for the contact process.

12.

(a)

Only very few candidates \vere able to calculate the empirical formula of Z.

(b) Most candidates were not able to deduce the molecular formula of Z. Candidates were weak in the knowledge concerning molar volume of gas, and were not able to perform relevant calculations.

(c) Poorly answered. Candidates were not able to deduce the structure of Z from experimental results. It reflects that candidates' knowledge in performing test for carbon-carbon double bond by using bromine is inadequate.

13. Generally well answered. Most candidates were able to point out the similarities and differences between soapy detergents and soap less detergents. However, some candidates were not able to present their answers in a systematic way.

1. Candidates were generally weak in answering questions set on unfamiliar situations (e.g. Q.7 and Q.12).

More efforts on consolidation and integration of knowledge are needed, instead of merely drilling past examination papers.

General comments and recommendations

2. Many candidates were not able to write the chemical formulae of compounds correctly. They were also weak in balancing chemical equations especially for unfamiliar reactions. More practice in these aspects is needed.

96

Paper 2

The paper consisted of 50 multiple-choice questions.

Question 47 was deleted due to its relatively

weak discrimination power. The mean percentage score was 49.86 and the standard deviation was 19.84. Post-examination analysis revealed the following:

1. Candidates were generally' weak in stoichiometry as illustrated by the poor performance in Q.5. Many candidates had a wrong concept that the amount of products formed from a reaction solely relates to the reactivity of the reactants involved. In fact, the amount of products upon completion of reaction depends on the number of moles of reactants. this in turns relates to the molar masses / molecular masses/atomic masses of the chemical species.

Q.5 Metal Y and calcium are both in the same group of the Periodic Table. When equal mass of Y and calcium respectively reacts with excess hydrochloric acid under the same condition, Y gives more hydrogen than calcium does. Which of the following deductions is correct ')

A. B. C. D*

The reactivity of Y is higher than that of calcium.

The metallic bond in Y is weaker than that in calcium. The atomic number of Y is greater than that of calcium.

The relative atomic mass of Y is smaller than that of calcium.

(62%) (6%) (12%) (20%)

2. Candidates were generally weak in applying knowledge to new situations. They were also weak in relating the chemical properties of substances to the method of storage of the substances, This can be illustrated by their performance in Q.IO. Most candidates understood that polyvinyl chloride is a polymer. However. they were not able to associate the fact that the polymer is actually a plastic which is generally inert to chemicals including concentrated sulphuric acid. Moreover, candidates were also weak in identifying ethyl ethanoate as an organic solvent which can dissolve polystyrene.

Q.IO Which of the following suggestions for storing chemicals is acceptable '?

A. B. C. D.*

storing sodium in a brown glass bottle storing silver nitrate solution in an iron can

storing ethyl ethanoate in an expanded polystyrene container storing concentrated sulphuric acid in a polyvinyl chloride bottle

(27%) (5%) (44%) (24%)

3. Candidates were generally weak in attempting questions involving experimental procedures in a laboratory. This reflects that they either lacked such experiences or just performed experiments without thorough understanding of the procedures or relevant concepts in Chemistry. General speaking, if candidates have adequate experience in laboratory work, they should know that direct mixing of two solutions for obtaining an insoluble salt is the most suitable procedure for preparing a sample ofthat kind of salt.

Q.38 Which of the following methods is most suitable for preparing a sample of lead(lI) sulphate?

A. B. C. D.*

adding lead to dilute sulphuric acid

adding lead to copper(II) sulphate solution adding lead(II) oxide to dilute sulphuric acid

adding lead(II) nitrate solution to dilute sulphuric acid

(15%) (33%) (30%) (22%)

97

4. In Q.42, candidates were again required to apply knowledge to new situations. They were first required to identify all the functional groups of the given compounds, and then to check whether these functional groups can undergo condensation. Most candidates failed to get the key because they might only memorise all the examples of condensation polymers listed in textbooks. On the contrary, only thorough understanding of the principle of condensation polymerization can help one to choose the best answer for this question.

Q.42 Which of the following pairs of compounds can form condensation polymers?

(1)

o

II

H-C-H

(2)

(3)

H 0

I II

H-C-C-OH

I

NH2

H 0

I II

H C-C-C-OH

3 I

NH2

A. B. C. D.*

(1) and (2) only (1) and (3) only (2) and (3) only (1), (2) and (3)

(32%) (15%) (32%) (21%)

5. As exemplified by Q.43, candidates generally showed difficulties in integrating chemical knowledge. They could probably have got the correct answer if ionic bond, covalent bond and van der Waals' forces had been asked in separate questions. This shows they were weak in making relevant judgment where integration of knowledge is needed.

Q.43 Which of the following bonds or attractive forces exist in ammonium nitrate?

(1) ionic bond
(2) covalent bond
(3 ) van der Waals' forces
A.* (l) and (2) only (24%)
B. (1) and (3) only (27%)
C. (2) and (3) only (35%)
D. (l), (2) and (3) (14%) 98