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Digital Coding of Analog Signal Ut2

This document discusses delta modulation, a technique for digitally encoding analog signals. It begins by stating the goals of the lecture, which are to explain prediction filters, delta modulation, the demerits of delta modulation, solutions to the demerits, and adaptive delta modulation. It then provides details on how prediction helps by exploiting correlation between samples to require fewer bits. It describes how to approach signal prediction using Taylor series and derivatives. It shows the transmitter and receiver for delta pulse code modulation (DPCM) and explains how delta modulation works by transmitting the difference between the predicted and actual signal values at each time step. Finally, it discusses the practical implementation of delta modulation and provides examples of the modulation waveform and potential errors.

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Abhimanyu Singh
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
32 views

Digital Coding of Analog Signal Ut2

This document discusses delta modulation, a technique for digitally encoding analog signals. It begins by stating the goals of the lecture, which are to explain prediction filters, delta modulation, the demerits of delta modulation, solutions to the demerits, and adaptive delta modulation. It then provides details on how prediction helps by exploiting correlation between samples to require fewer bits. It describes how to approach signal prediction using Taylor series and derivatives. It shows the transmitter and receiver for delta pulse code modulation (DPCM) and explains how delta modulation works by transmitting the difference between the predicted and actual signal values at each time step. Finally, it discusses the practical implementation of delta modulation and provides examples of the modulation waveform and potential errors.

Uploaded by

Abhimanyu Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Coding of

Analog Signal

Electronics Engineering Department,


Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology,
Surat-395007.

Prepared By:
Amit Degada
Teaching Assistant
Goal of Today’s lecture.
• Prediction Filter
• Delta Modulation
• Delta Modulation De-merits
• Solution of De-merits
• Adaptive delta Modulation
How Prediction Helps
• Correlation between two samples.
• We can exploit for our case.
• Fewer bits are required to encode.

Pq
How can we predict?
• Ideally predicted value must be close to
real value of message signal.

d ( k )  m( k )  m ( k ) ^

At the receiver we can generate message signal

m( k )  d ( k )  m ^ ( k )

Prediction filter at both side i.e. TX and RX, must be identical


Approach to signal Prediction
• Prediction of the future is mysterious stuff.
• We can summon Taylor, Maclaurin & Weiner to
help us
• A signal m(t) has all derivative of t then,

2 3
T s T s
m(t  Ts )  m(t )  Tsm (t )  m (t )  m (t )  ..........
2! 3!
………..(1)
If Ts is very small then,


m(t  Ts )  m(t )  Tsm (t ) ………..(2)

From the Knowledge of Derivative we can predict sample at t+Ts


instant
Approach to signal Prediction
But
m(t )  m(t  1)
m (t ) 
Ts

So equation 2 is simplifies to

m(t  Ts)  2m(t )  m(t  1) ………..(3)

In general

m ^ (k )  a1m(k  1)  a 2m(k  2)  ...........  aNm( k  N ) ………..(4)


The above equation is for Nth order.
Larger the N better is the Prediction
Approach to signal Prediction
The above equation reduces to

m ^ (k )  m(k  1)
For 1st Order
DPCM Transmitter and Receiver
Delta Modulation
• Its same as DPCM.

Signal Is sampled at 4 times the Nyquist Frequency.


Analysis of delta Modulation

mq (k )  mq (k  1)  dq (k ) ………..(5)

Hence

mq (k  1)  mq (k  2)  dq(k  1) ………..(6)

Above equation (5) becomes


mq (k )  mq (k  2)  dq (k )  dq (k  1)
Analysis of delta Modulation
• Finally we can say for mq(0)=0
(Assuming Zero Initial Condition)

k
mq (k )   dq (m)
m0
Why the Name Delta?
• It Transmits the Difference, hence
the name is Delta.
• If the Difference is Positive, A
Positive pulse is transmitted, Vice
Versa.
Analysis of delta Modulation
Practical Implementation

Transmitter
Practical Implementation
Delta Modulation Waveform
Delta Modulation Error
Thank You

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