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Modems and Their Standards: Physical Layer

A modem modulates digital data into an analog signal for transmission and demodulates a received analog signal back into digital data. It connects to a communications link and allows for bidirectional communication. Common modem standards include V.32, which uses trellis coding to transmit at 14.4 kbps, V.32bis which uses 128-QAM to transmit at 14.4 kbps, V.34bis which can transmit from 28.8 kbps to 33.6 kbps using larger constellations, and V.90, also known as 56k modems, which can transmit at 56.6 kbps.

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Neeraj Kumar
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38 views

Modems and Their Standards: Physical Layer

A modem modulates digital data into an analog signal for transmission and demodulates a received analog signal back into digital data. It connects to a communications link and allows for bidirectional communication. Common modem standards include V.32, which uses trellis coding to transmit at 14.4 kbps, V.32bis which uses 128-QAM to transmit at 14.4 kbps, V.34bis which can transmit from 28.8 kbps to 33.6 kbps using larger constellations, and V.90, also known as 56k modems, which can transmit at 56.6 kbps.

Uploaded by

Neeraj Kumar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Modems and

their Standards

Physical Layer
What is a Modem ?
A modem is a composite word that refers
to the two functional entities that make
up the device: a signal modulator and a
signal demodulator.

A modulator creates a band-pass analog


signal from binary data.
A de-modulator recovers the binary data
from the modulated signal.
Here a modem is connected to a communications
link. The communication can be bi-directional.
Modem Standards :
V.32
The V.32 modems uses a combined modulation and
encoding technique called trellis coding. Trellis is
essentially QAM plus a redundant bit. The data
stream is divided into4 sections
Modem Standards :
V.32bis
The V.32bis modems was the first to support 14,400
bps transmission. The V.32 uses 128-QAM
transmission at a rate of 2400 baud (2400 X 6 =
14,400 bps)
Modem Standards :
V.34bis
The V.34bis modems provides a bit rate of 28,800
with 960-point constellation to a bit rate of 33,600
with a 1664-point constellation.

V.90
The V.90 modems provides a bit rate of 56,600 and
are called 56K Modem. This is supposed to be
treated as Traditional Modems.
Traditional Modem :

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