Scribd
Upload
113 views

Streptococcus, Entrococcus and Other Catalayse Negative Gram

This document provides information on the general characteristics, classification schemes, and biochemical properties of Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and other catalase-negative gram-positive bacteria. Key details include that they are facultative anaerobes that ferment lactic acid and grow best in enriched media. Classification is based on hemolytic patterns, Lancefield antigen groups, and biochemical characteristics like bacitracin susceptibility and hippurate hydrolysis. The document compares and contrasts species within these genera.

Uploaded by

Keen Manalastas
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
113 views

Streptococcus, Entrococcus and Other Catalayse Negative Gram

This document provides information on the general characteristics, classification schemes, and biochemical properties of Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and other catalase-negative gram-positive bacteria. Key details include that they are facultative anaerobes that ferment lactic acid and grow best in enriched media. Classification is based on hemolytic patterns, Lancefield antigen groups, and biochemical characteristics like bacitracin susceptibility and hippurate hydrolysis. The document compares and contrasts species within these genera.

Uploaded by

Keen Manalastas
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Streptococcus, Entrococcus and Other

Catalayse Negative Gram Positive Bacteria


Agustin, Aquitania, Bagsican
3E – Medical Technology
Microbiology
General Characteristics
 Streptococcus and Enterococcus
 family Streptococcaceae
 CATALAYSE GRAM NEGATIVE
 GRAM POSITIVE COCCI – peptidoglycan & techoic acid
VIRIDANS GROUP layer: common C carbohydrate (polysaccharide) [+ antigen]
 Usually pairs/chains (Broth)
 Faculatative anaerobes
AEROTOLERANT ANAEROBES Grow in the presence of O2; unable in respiration
 Production of Lactic Acid (Major End Product), fermentation
 CAPNOPHILIC: ↑conc. of CO2
 Media:
✔ ENRICHED with BLOOD & SERUM [small & transparent]
✖ POOR in NUTIENT MEDIA, TSA (Trypticase Soy Agar)
Classification Schemes

CATALAYSE GRAM NEGATIVE, GRAM POSITIVE COCCI

HEMOLYTIC PHYSIOLOGIC LANCEFIELD CHEMICAL


PATTERN ON SBA CHARACTERISTICS CLASSIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS
Hemolytic Patterns

Mahon, Diagnostic Microbiology 3rd. Ed., pg384


Hemolytic Patterns
Partial lysis of RBC around colony
α
●

●
Greenish discoloration

Complete lysis of area around colony


β
●

●
Clear area around colony

●
No lysis of RBC
Nonhemolytic ●
No change in agar

Alpha-prime / Wide Small area of intact RBC around colony surrounded


●

zone by a wider zone to complete hemolysis


Hemolytic Patterns
Partial lysis of RBC around colony
α
●

●
Greenish discoloration

Complete lysis of area around colony


β
●

●
Clear area around colony

●
No lysis of RBC
Nonhemolytic ●
No change in agar

Alpha-prime / Wide Small area of intact RBC around colony surrounded


●

zone by a wider zone to complete hemolysis


Physiologic Characteristics
 PYOGENIC STREPTOCOCCI  ENTEROCOCCI
 Pus-producing  Normal flora of human intestine
 Mostly beta-hemolytic  VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCI
 Majority of Lancefield groups  Widely found as normal flora in upper
 LACTOCOCCI respiratory tract in human
 Lack C carbohydrate
 Nonhemolytic with Lancefield group N
antigen  Some have A, C, F, G, or N antigen
 Dairy products  Alpha-hemolytic or Nonhemolytic
 Opportunistic pathogens
Lancefield Classification Scheme
 Rebecca Lancefield (1930s)
 Based on extraction of C carbohydrate from the streptococcal cell wall by
placing the organism in dilute acid and heating for 10mins
 Soluble antigen: immunize rabbits to obtain antisera to various C
carbohydrate groups
 Serologic groups designated by letters

 DNA relatedness
Lancefield Classification Scheme
Classification
 Group A - Streptococcus pyogenes
 Group B - Streptococcus agalactiae
 Group C - Streptococcus equisimilis, Streptococcus equi, Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Streptococcus
dysgalactiae
 Group D - Enterococci, Streptococcus bovis
 Group E - Streptococcus milleri and mutans
 Group F - Streptococcus anginosus
 Group G - Streptococcus canis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae
 Group H - Streptococcus sanguis
 Group L - Streptococcus dysgalactiae
 Group N - Lactococcus lactis
 Group R&S - Streptococcus suis
 other Streptococcus species are classified as non-Lancefield Streptococci
Lancefield Classification Scheme
Lancefield Hemolysis
Species Group Common Terms Disease Association(s)
Antigen Type(s)

S. pyogenes A β* Group A strep Rheumatic fever, scarlet fever,


phayngitis, glomeruloneohritis,
pyogenic infections

S. agalactiae B β* Group B strep Neonatal sepsis, meningitis,


puerperal fever, pyogenic infections

S. equisimillis, S. equi subsp. C β* Group C strep Pharyngitis, urinal tract infections,


Zooepidemicus, S. equi pyogenic infections

S. bovis, S. equinus D α, none Nonenterococcus Endocartitis, urinary tract


infections, pyogenic infections

E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. D α, β, Enterococcus urinary tract infections, pyogenic


durans none infections

Other species F, G β (α, Pheunococcus Pyogenic infections


none)

S. pneumoniae - Pneumonia, meningitis, pyogenic


infections

Anginosus group, Mutans - α, none Viridans strep Emdocarditis, dental caries,


group, Mitis group, Salivarius abscesses in various tissues
group

Mahon, Diagnostic Microbiology 3rd. Ed., pg386


Biochemical Classification
 Can be performed in small lab
 Definitive identification requires large number of biochemical characteristics
or serological mtds., presumptive identification can be accomplished relatively
easily with a few key tests & characteristics

 Multitest commercial kits [Remel’s IDS Rapid STR]

 Selecting identification scheme / kits


 Population served
 Cost of an expanded identification scheme
 Resources & abilities of the lab
Biochemical Classification
 Bacitracin Susceptibility
 CAMP Test
 Hippurate Hydrolysis
 PYR Hydrolysis
 Leucine Aminopeptidase
 Vogues-Proskauer Test
 Beta-D-Glucuronidase
 Bile Esculin and Salt Tolerance
 Optochin Susceptibility and Bile Solubility
Biochemical Classification
 Bacitracin Susceptibility
 Identification of group A streptococcus
 Sensitivity to bacitracin (pure culture only) >>
S. pyogenes
 Media: 5% SBA
 Reagent: Bacitricin disk (0.04 units)
 Incubation: 35°C overnight
 Trimethprim & Sulfamethoxazole (SXT)

✔ [Suseptible] Any zone of inhibition


✖ [Resistant] Uniform lawn of groth to the edge of
the disk
Sucspetiblity of group A β-hemolytic strep
to SXT
Mahon, Diagnostic Microbiology 3rd. Ed., pg390
Biochemical Classification
 CAMP Test (Christie, Atkins and Munch Petersen)
 3 Ways: Identification of group B streptococcus [enhanced hemolysis]
>> S. agalactiae
Β-lysin-producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus (arrowhead-shaped hemolysis)
Use of disk impregnated with β-lysin (arrowhead-shape hemolysis)
CAMP test
 Media: 5% SBA
 Incubation : 35°C @ least 2mins.
 Controls: (+) S. agalactiae (-) S. pyogenes
✔ [Suseptible] Arrowhead-shaped area
✖ [Resistant] No enhanced hemolysis
→ CAMP inhibition rxn: Inhibition of hemolysis by S. aureus where 2 streaks approach each
other [Arcanobacterium haemolyticum]
Biochemical Classification
 Hippurate Hydrolysis

You might also like