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Objectives of Drug Delivery

The document discusses drug delivery and sustained release formulations. The goals of therapy are to achieve therapeutic drug levels for an extended time without toxicity. Conventional drug therapy has short duration due to inability to control release over time. Sustained release formulations aim to slowly release drug over time to maintain therapeutic levels and avoid peaks and valleys as well as issues with multiple dosing. Sustained release systems control drug release from the dosage form rather than drug absorption. This allows for less frequent dosing and improved patient compliance.

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57 views

Objectives of Drug Delivery

The document discusses drug delivery and sustained release formulations. The goals of therapy are to achieve therapeutic drug levels for an extended time without toxicity. Conventional drug therapy has short duration due to inability to control release over time. Sustained release formulations aim to slowly release drug over time to maintain therapeutic levels and avoid peaks and valleys as well as issues with multiple dosing. Sustained release systems control drug release from the dosage form rather than drug absorption. This allows for less frequent dosing and improved patient compliance.

Uploaded by

sunshine151
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

• The basic goals of therapy is to achieve a steady-state


blood or
tissue level that is therapeutically effective and
nontoxic for an
extended period of time.
• This objective can be accomplished by maximizing
drug availability.
• This can be done by increasing the drug absorption.
Objectives of drug delivery
• The two aspects most important to drug delivery.
• Spatial Placement:- relates to targeting a drug to a
specific organ
or tissue.
• Temporal Placement:- refers to the controlling the rate
of the drug
delivery to the target tissues.

Convention Drug therapy


• Convention drug therapy is of short duration of action.
• This is due to the inability of conventional dosage
forms to
control temporal delivery..
• If an attempt is made to maintain drug blood levels in
the therapeutic range for longer period of time
• For e.g. By increasing the dose, then toxic level may
be produced at early times.
Problems with conventional drug therapy
• If the dosing intervals is not appropriate for the
biological half life
of the drug, large “peaks” and “valleys” in drug blood
level may
results.
• The drug blood level may not be within the
therapeutics range at
sufficiently early time.
• Patient noncompliance with multiple dosing regimen.

Sustained Release
• The conventional dosage forms
• Dosage form �Absorption pool� Target pool�
• The rate of absorption is rate limiting step

• Sustained Release
• Dosage form � Target pool�
• The release of the drug from the dosage from is rate
limiting step.

Application
Classification
• No immediate –release delivery
systems may classified as follows:-
• Delayed release
• Sustained release
• Controlled
• Prolonged
• Site specific release
• Receptor release
• Delayed release:- system uses repetitive
intermitted dosing of a drug from one or more
immediate release units incorporated in a single
dosage form.
• Sustained Release:- includes any drug delivery
system that
achieves slow release of drug over and extended
period of
time.
• Site specific:- targeting the drug effectively to
a certain
biological location.
Potential advantages of
sustained release
• Avoid patient compliance problem
• Employ less total drug
• Minimizing or eliminate local side effects.
• Minimizing or eliminate systemic side effects.
• Minimize drug accumulation.
• Improve the efficiency of the treatment
• Cure or control condition more promptly
• Reduce the fluctuation in drug level.
• Improves bioavailability
• Economy

Controlled Release:
Art or Science?
Adjusting the Drug Flux Through Polymers
• Change of the Polymer Structure (Crosslinking, Crystallinity)
• Change Of Thickness (Multilaminate Systems)
• Change Of Barriers (Porosity)
• Change Of Solubility (Plasticizers)
Adjusting the Drug Flux
Through Polymers
• Change of the Polymer Structure (Crosslinking, Crystallinity)
• Change Of Thickness (Multilaminate Systems)
• Change Of Barriers (Porosity)
• Change Of Solubility (Plasticizers)
Osmotic Pump Systems
� Advantages
� Release Rates are Independent of Agent
Properties
� Can Deliver Macromolecules and Ionic Species
� Relatively High Fluxes
� Release Rates are not Dependent on
Environmental Conditions

Osmotic Pump Systems


Disadvantages
� Subject to dose dumping if membrane
breaks
�[e.g. someone chews it]
� Slightly more expensive to formulate
than coating tablets
� Possible hole plugging

Cancer
• In 2000, 1.4 million cases of
cancer
• 560,000 deaths, > 1,500 people
a day
• 1/4 of deaths in US are from
cancer
• Cancer cost:
• $37 billion direct medical costs
• $11 billion low productivity

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