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Wireless

The document discusses the basics of understanding wireless networks. It covers wireless standards, frequency bands, transmission methods, protocols, topologies, and security considerations. Wireless networks use radio frequency bands allocated by regulatory bodies to transmit information between devices using standardized wireless protocols. Common wireless technologies include Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Security is important for wireless networks due to threats from hackers and the open wireless medium. Common security methods are WEP, WPA, and WPA2 which use encryption to protect wireless transmissions.

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82 views

Wireless

The document discusses the basics of understanding wireless networks. It covers wireless standards, frequency bands, transmission methods, protocols, topologies, and security considerations. Wireless networks use radio frequency bands allocated by regulatory bodies to transmit information between devices using standardized wireless protocols. Common wireless technologies include Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Security is important for wireless networks due to threats from hackers and the open wireless medium. Common security methods are WEP, WPA, and WPA2 which use encryption to protect wireless transmissions.

Uploaded by

ceasoni4869
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Understanding Wireless Basics

● Why?
● Standards Associated
● Wireless LAN Technology & RF Bands
● Wireless Transmission
● Wireless Protocols
● Wireless Topology
Why ?
Standards Associated

●
I T U -R reg ula tes a llo c a tio n o f R F ba nds .
●
I E E E s pec ifies ho w R F is m o dula ted to
c a rry info rm a tio n.
●
W i-Fi ens ures tha t vendo rs m a k e devic es
tha t a re intero pera ble.
RF Bands
● IS M B ands / UNII
900 Mhz - 902MHz to 928MHz
2.4 Ghz - 2.400GHz to 2.483GHz
5 Ghz - 5.150GHz to 5.3GHz and 5.725GHz to
5.825GHz

● Higher frequency higher data rate


● Lower frequency higher distance coverage
Wireless Transmission
● C S MA /C A (C arrier S ense Multiple
Access /C ollision Avoidance)
● Hidden Node P roblem
R equest To S end / C lear To S end
(R TS /C TS )
● Transmission Factors
● A bsorption
● Reflection
● S cattering
● A ttenuation
● Interference
Wireless Protocols
Problem

Solution
Wireless Access Point
● All devices (AP+Client) in a
same Wireless (LAN) share
same SSID (Service Set
IDentifier)
802.11 Topology
● Ad Hoc/IBSS (Independent Basic Service Set)
Infrastructure
●

Basic Service Set (BSS)



Extended Service Set (ESS)
Client and AP Association
● Beacon
– Router sends beacon at fixed interval of time
● Proble
– Clients request for info from the AP
● Authenticate
– AP requests authentication from Station
● Associate
– The AP allows the Client to connect to network in the
authentication is successful
Wireless Security
● Threats
– War Driver
– Crackers, Hackers
– Employee ( + Ignorance )

● Attack Types
– MIM
– DoS
War Driving
Authentication Type
● Open
– Does not require any passwords

●
● Pre-Shared Key (PSK)
– Uses a key (password) that is pre-configured on both
the AP and STA
Security Solutions
● Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
– Preshared Keys
– Useds RC4 encryption formula
– 64 bit or 128 bits
– Eask to break

● Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)


– Developed to replace WEP weakness
– Can work on device using WEP
– Uses Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)
encryption
● Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2/802.11i)
– Backward compatible with WEP and WPA
– Used on newer devices only
– Uses AES encryption

● Wireless Authentication (802.1x)


– Uses a authentication server to authenticate a
user on wireless n/w
–
● Intrusion Prevention Systen (IPS)
– Used to deny unauthorized access
– Eg: Installment of Rouge Access Point
Extensible Authentication
Protocol (EAP) 802.1x
Wireless Troubleshooting
● Client
– V erify tha t the w ireles s c a rd is ena bled
– M o ve to a “k no w n g o od” reg ion o f the
building
– V erify tha t the c lient c a n identify the
w ireles s netw o rk us ing the ins ta lled w ireles s
U tility
– E ns ure tha t the w ireles s c lient ha s the
c orrec t w ireles s s ec urity info rm a tio n a nd
s upports yo ur s ec urity s ta nda rds
Condt ...
● AP
– V erify tha t the w ireles s a c c es s po int is
running the la tes t firm w a re vers ion

– T es t the w ireles s rec eption ra dius a t


different tim es o f the da y

– V erify yo ur w ireles s c ha nnel c o nfig ura tio n

– C o ns ider the m a teria ls a round a nd c los e to


the a c c es s point

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