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4.1 Understanding Thermal Equilibrium

The document discusses the concept of thermal equilibrium, which occurs when two objects at different initial temperatures exchange heat at equal rates such that their temperatures equalize and there is no longer a net transfer of heat between them. It provides examples of how to calculate the temperature of an object using a liquid-in-glass thermometer, whose temperature scale is defined by the fixed points of ice and steam. Key aspects of thermal equilibrium are that the temperatures of the objects are the same and there is no net flow of heat between them.

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174 views

4.1 Understanding Thermal Equilibrium

The document discusses the concept of thermal equilibrium, which occurs when two objects at different initial temperatures exchange heat at equal rates such that their temperatures equalize and there is no longer a net transfer of heat between them. It provides examples of how to calculate the temperature of an object using a liquid-in-glass thermometer, whose temperature scale is defined by the fixed points of ice and steam. Key aspects of thermal equilibrium are that the temperatures of the objects are the same and there is no net flow of heat between them.

Uploaded by

super_boyz898405
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.

1 Understanding Thermal Equilibrium


CHAPTER 4
Induction Set

WHAT DO YOU FEEL ON YOUR HAND ?

WHAT HAPPEN TO THE ICE?


What Is Thermal Equilibrium
The Concept Of Thermal Equilibrium

 The net flow of energy from hotter object to


the colder object known as Heat Transferred
 When the energy is transferred at the same
rate and there is no net heat transferred
between the two objects.
 This phenomena are known as Thermal
Equilibrium
Before Thermal Contact

90 ⁰C 20 ⁰C

•Before thermal contact

•Have are energy flow between the


two object?
During Thermal Contact

90 ⁰C 20 ⁰C

•Have are energy flow between the


two object?

•Have a different rate of energy flow?


Achieve Thermal Equilibrium

54 ⁰C 54 ⁰C

•Have are energy flow between the


two object?

•Have a different rate of energy flow?


The Concept Of Thermal Equilibrium

 1. There is no net flow of heat between two


objects that are in thermal equilibrium.

 2. Two objects in thermal equilibrium have


the same temperature.
Conversion

Electrical energy Heater


Heat energy
Power = P
Pt = mcθ

Potential energy Object falls from


Heat energy
A high position
mgh= mcθ

Moving object stopped Heat energy


Kinetic energy
due to friction
½ mv2= mcθ
Liquid-in-glass Thermometer

Fixed Point Definition Value


Lower fixed point: The temperature of pure 0 ⁰C
Ice point melting ice
Upper fixed point: The temperature of steam 100 ⁰C
Steam point from water that is boiling
under standard
atmospheric pressure
Liquid-in-glass Thermometer
Example

 The length of the mercury column at the


steam point and ice point and are 65.0 cm
and 5.0cm respectively. When the
thermometer is immersed in the liquid Q, the
length of the mercury column is 27.0 cm.
What is the temperature of the liquid Q?
answer

Temperature, θ = lθ – l0 x 1000C
l100 – l0

θ = 27 – 5 x 1000C
65 - 5

θ = 36.670C
Example

 The distance between 00C and 1000C is 28.0


cm. When the thermometer is put into a
beaker of water, the length of mercury
column is 24.5cm above the lower fixed
point. What is the temperature of the water?
Answer

Temperature, θ = lθ – l0 x 1000C
l100 – l0

θ = 24.5 – 0 x 1000C
28 - 0

θ = 87.50C
Ice on the hand

 Since, heat energy transfer from the hand to


the ice.
 Thus, the ice melts because the ice
experiences an increase to it’s temperature,
resulting the melting of ice.
Closure

 What is the summarized of thermal


equilibrium?

 What is the formula to calculate temperature


in liquid-in-glass thermometer?

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