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1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 127

Appendix: A List of Essential
appendix

Words by Grade Level

Robert J. Marzano, John S. Kendall,
Diane E. Paynter

The identification of basic words has been of interest to educators for years, pri-
marily because of the presumed utility of such a list. Given that basic words are
considered to be those from which other words in the language are derived, a rea-
sonable assumption has been that a knowledge of basic words within the English
language will naturally lead to increased facility at learning the other words within
the language. Specifically, it has been assumed that teaching students a small set of
basic words could provide a key to understanding those words that are derived
from the basic words (Becker, Dixon, and Anderson-Inman, 1980).
One of the earliest attempts to identify the basic words in English was Ogden’s
“basic English” (1932), an SSO [simple sign-on]-word lexicon from which all other
English words could be derived. Unfortunately, Ogden’s basic words were more
like primitive concepts that cognitive scientists (Shank and Rieger, 1974) use to
map the morphological structure of nouns and verbs than they were like basic
words from which the meaning of other words could be induced by the average
language user. A similar effort to identify the primitive semantic concepts in

We thank Dan Jesse for his guidance and advice on the design of the study and the analysis of the
data.
This publication is based on work sponsored wholly, or in part, by the Office of Educational Research
and Improvement (OERI), Department of Education, under Contract Number 400–86–0002. The
content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views of OERI or any other agency of the
U.S. government. 127
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English was undertaken by Burger (1984), who focused on verb forms as the pri-
mary semantic structure within the English language.
Dupuy (1974) was the first to operationally define a basic word. Among other
criteria, Dupuy listed the following: inclusion in each of four major dictionaries;
not compound or hyphenated; not a proper name or an abbreviation; not foreign,
archaic, informal, technical, derived, or variant. Based on a 1 percent sample of the
four criterion dictionaries, he then estimated that there are 12,000 basic words in
the English language. Following the Dupuy criteria, Becker, Dixon, and Anderson-
Inman (1980) identified 8,109 basic words from a list of 25,782 words drawn from
an updated version of the Thorndike and Lorge (1943) list. The intent of their
study was to create a list of basic words that could be used as an instructional tool.
Presumably a knowledge of the 8,109 words in the list would allow one to infer the
meaning of the 25,782 (and perhaps more) words from which the list was derived.
On the surface, such a list has great appeal Reason would suggest that if coverage of
these words was spread out over an extended interval of time (for examples, grades
K through 12), instruction in the basic words would not be an overwhelming task.
Nagy and Anderson (1984), however, identified a number of fallacies in Dupuy’s
logic and, consequently, in Becker, Dixon, and Anderson-Inman’s methods for se-
lecting basic words. They noted that Becker, Dixon, and Anderson-Inman’s use of
rather strict morphological criteria for identification of basic words rendered their
list invalid for all practical purposes, or at least invalid as an instructional tool.
Specifically, Nagy and Anderson asserted that morphological relationships between
words do not always ensure strong semantic relationships, at least from the per-
spective of the average language user. For example, following the Dupuy criteria,
Becker, Dixon, and Anderson-Inman assigned the words animism and animosity
to the same root word (basic word) anima. Nagy and Anderson noted that the av-
erage language user would probably be unaware of the word anima. Even if she
were, they argued, she would probably not make a meaningful connection between
animism and animosity.
In other words, Nagy and Anderson concluded that Becker, Dixon, and Ander-
son-Inman’s 8,109 basic words are, for the most part, too unrelated semantically
from the other words in the 25,782 corpus from which they were drawn to con-
stitute an instructionally meaningful set. In fact, using a corpus of 86,741 words
drawn from reading material encountered in grades 3 through 9 and referred to
as “written school English” (Carroll, Davies, and Richman, 1971), they estimated
that there are 88,500 basic words. Based on this estimate, they asserted that any

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attempt to systematically teach and reinforce basic words would be futile since so
many words remained to be taught.
Beck, McKeown, and Omanson (1987) offered an alternative to the Nagy and An-
derson position. They conceded that there are many more basic words in the Eng-
lish language than could be reasonably taught in any instructional situation; however,
they asserted that only a small proportion of the basic words would have to be taught
to significantly affect student vocabulary development. Specifically, they noted that
about half of the 88,500 Nagy and Anderson basic words would be encountered only
once in an avid reader’s lifetime, given the diversity of texts from which the corpus
of study was drawn. In addition, of the remaining 44,250, only about 15,000 would
be encountered once or more in 10 million running words. In short, Beck, McKe-
own, and Omanson concluded that although Nagy and Anderson are probably cor-
rect in their estimate of the number of basic words in printed school English, this
estimate is not an accurate reflection of the number of basic words that students
would be highly likely to encounter in reading. Their arguments suggest that a list
of high-frequency basic words would be relatively short yet powerful in instructional
yield. Since such a list could be very useful, this study attempted to identify a corpus
of basic words that students would be highly likely to encounter in academic situa-
tions. In addition, this study sought to identify grade levels at which the basic words
should be taught to students who do not already know them.
Although vocabulary words are commonly thought of in terms of grade levels,
there is little agreement as to what a grade-level designation signifies and how to
assign grade levels to words. Thorndike and Lorge (1943), for example, did not
identify grade levels. Rather, they ranked words by frequency and then recom-
mended that words between specific frequency ranges be introduced at specific
grade levels. Harris and Jacobson (1972) identified the earliest grade level at which
words appeared in at least three of six basal reading series used in their study. They
assumed that the grade at which a word first appears in content reading material
was the best indicator of when the word should be introduced to students.
Although there are variations on the theme, most attempts to assign grade lev-
els have used the frequency of occurrence or first occurrence of words from a given
corpus, usually drawn from a variety of types of text that students encounter. For
example, Thorndike and Lorge’s list of words (1943) was drawn primarily from stu-
dent textbooks and magazines. Although almost all studies that we reviewed used
frequency data from more than one type of reading material, no studies used fre-
quency data for words on standardized tests. Consequently, this study sought to

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determine grade levels for the basic words identified using multiple frequency data
that included standardized tests.

METHOD
For the purposes of the study, “words students frequently encounter in academic
situations” were defined as words students will commonly encounter when reading
content-area textbook material and in standardized tests.

Corpus
The initial word list used to generate the corpus of study was the Basic Elementary
Reading Vocabulary (Harris and Jacobson, 1972). This list was derived from four-
teen elementary textbook series (six basal series and two series each from the fields
of English, social studies, math, and science) and contains 7,613 words. Because
the list is somewhat dated, it was reviewed by sixty kindergarten through sixth-
grade teachers, who added words they considered important for content-area in-
struction. For addition of a word to the corpus, the majority of the participating
teachers had to agree. Words considered not relevant to current content were
deleted. The addition and deletion process generated a list of 7,230 words. This list
was then merged with words in Becker, Dixon, and Anderson-Inman’s list (1980)
of 8,109 basic words. Finally, the words found in the directions to the student and
content of the following standardized tests were added to the combined list:

• The California Achievement Tests (CAT; 1986), Form E; Levels 10 through 20,
inclusive
• The Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills (CTBS; 1984), Form U; Levels A, B, C, D,
E, F, G, H, J, K
• Science Research Associates (SRA) Survey of Basic Skills Objectives (1984),
Form P; Levels 20, 21, 22, 23, 34, 35, 36, 37)
• The Stanford Achievement Tests (Gardner, Rudman, Karlsen and Merwin,
1981), Form E; Levels KI, K2, PI, P2, P3 I1, I2, A, T1, T2

In all, over 17,000 distinct nonduplicated words were found in the four stan-
dardized tests. The composite corpus generated from the aggregation of the sources
described above contained 30,371 words.

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Procedure for Identifying Basic Words

The corpus of 30,371 words was analyzed by two raters to determine which words
were basic. A third rater was used to make decisions when the two raters did not
agree whether a word was basic. Inter-rater reliability for the first two raters was
above .99; that is, the two raters disagreed on fewer than one word per 100.
The criteria or rules used to identify basic words were:

1. Abbreviations were considered nonbasic (etc., e.g.).

2. Regular and irregular plurals were considered nonbasic (houses, mice).
3. Regular comparatives and superlatives were considered nonbasic, but irregular
comparatives and superlatives were considered basic (prettier versus best).
4. Regular and irregular inflected forms (except for pronouns and some irregular
verbs) were considered nonbasic (walked, gone).
5. Alternate spellings and pronunciations were considered nonbasic (good-bye
versus goodby; nothing versus nothin’).
6. Proper names were considered nonbasic, except for months, days of the week,
planets, the continents, the fifty states, and cities and countries that appeared
with high frequency in K–6 reading material.
7. Formulas were considered nonbasic (H2O).
8. Nonwords were considered nonbasic (NATO).
9. Foreign words were considered nonbasic (señor).
10.Ordinal numbers were considered nonbasic when they could be derived (from
fourth onward); cardinal numbers were considered nonbasic when they formed
a compound (twenty-three).
11.Feminine forms of nouns were considered nonbasic when masculine forms
were available (waiter versus waitress).
12.Masculine and feminine forms of nouns were considered nonbasic, when non-
sex-linked forms of nouns were available (spokesperson versus spokesman/spokes-
woman).
13.Occupational titles were considered nonbasic when there existed nouns de-
scribing corresponding fields of study (biology versus biologist).

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There are some notable differences between the criteria listed above and those
described by Nagy and Anderson (1984). First, it is important to note that Nagy
and Anderson were interested in arriving at criteria that could be used to deter-
mine the number of distinct or basic words in printed school English. This study
was aimed at producing a list of academically relevant basic words that would have
immediate instructional utility using Beck, McKeown, and Omanson’s (1987) rea-
soning. One necessary bias in developing such a list is that any word that cannot
be easily derived from any other word by the average language user should be con-
sidered basic even though it is related to another word morphologically. Another is
that categories or types of words that are frequently the focus of instruction should
be considered basic. The rules used in this study reflect these biases. In the Nagy
and Anderson study, all comparative and superlative forms were considered non-
basic. Since irregular comparative and superlative forms are very distinct from their
positive forms (good, better, best), it was deemed necessary to include them in our
basic word list (see rule 3). Similarly, in this study, inflected forms were considered
basic except for pronouns and highly irregular verbs (see rule 4), whereas in the
Nagy and Anderson study, no exceptions were made. Specifically, pronoun forms
(such as I, you, and me) were considered basic in this study owing to their highly
irregular nature. It was assumed that recognizing the word I would not necessarily
lead to a recognition of the word me or other inflective forms. A similar situation
exists for some verbs. Although there are many verbs that are irregular in the way
that their principal parts are formed (find, found, found), only a few have such mor-
phographically different forms that little relationship is apparent. In this study,
such irregular verb forms were retained as basic words (for example, bring, brought;
go, went). Similarly, conjugated forms of the verb to be were considered basic since
that verb has such variant forms (for example, am, is, are). Proper names were con-
sidered nonbasic without exception in the Nagy and Anderson study, whereas in
this study, exceptions were made for months, days of the week, planets, the conti-
nents, the fifty states, and cities and countries that appeared with high frequency
in K–6 reading material (see rule 6). Cities and countries that appeared in The
American Heritage Word Frequency Book (WFB; Carroll, Davies, and Richman,
1971) as frequently as any other word determined to be at the sixth-grade level
within this study were selected for inclusion in the basic word list. In the Nagy and
Anderson study, formulas were considered nonbasic, while in this study, an ex-
ception was made for numbers (see rule 10). Specifically, cardinal numbers were

132 Appendix
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considered basic, whereas ordinals above third were considered derived forms or
nonbasic. For example, fourth can be easily derived from four, third less so from
three, and second and first cannot be derived at all from two and one. Again, cardi-
nal numbers were considered such an integral aspect of classroom instruction that
it was determined they should be part of a list of instructionally meaningful basic
words.
Any words not covered by the thirteen rules were then analyzed as to the extent
that they were basic or nonbasic, where basic words were defined as those that
could not be derived semantically or morphologically from another word.

Procedure for Determining Grade Levels

Once a corpus of basic words was identified, grade-level estimates were determined
for each word. Specifically, all words in the corpus of basic words were found in
the WFB, which contains 87,741 words taken from over 5 million words of run-
ning text in material encountered by students in grades 3 through 9. The grade
level at which each word first appears in the material used to create the WFB cor-
pus was identified. Also, the modal grade for each word was calculated using the
grade-level frequencies in the WFB.
These two data points provided a rough guide for estimating the grade level at
which one might consider a word familiar to most students. The raters assumed
that the modal grade levels calculated from the WFB represent those grade levels
by which students should have a firm grasp of the word. Conversely, the grade level
at which the word first appears in student reading material was considered the level
at which the word might be understood by students with the aid of some direc-
tion or instruction. Using those two pieces of data as upper and lower limits, two
raters initially assigned grade levels to the words. In their grade-level assignments,
the raters sought to identify those levels by which students should be able to rec-
ognize and understand the words to be able to read and comprehend without the
benefit of teacher aid the material in textbooks and standardized tests. Thus, the
grade at which a word is introduced in reading material is probably too early, and
the level at which a word most frequently appears is probably too late. The initial
grade-level designations were then adjusted using the grade levels of first appear-
ance on the four standardized tests used to create the corpus (the CAT, the CTBS,
the SRA, and the Stanford) and the modal grade levels on these tests. That is, the
two data points derived from standardized tests were used to validate the initial

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grade levels. Specifically, the raters determined the extent to which the initial grade-
level assignments fit within the range identified from the four standardized tests.
Any extreme discrepancies between initial grade-level assignments and the ranges
on standardized tests were noted and grade-level assessments adjusted by the raters.
Five classroom teachers representing grades 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 then reviewed all
grade-level assignments. Teachers were asked to replace any grade-level assignment
with which they did not agree with a grade level they considered more appropri-
ate. Any word for which a new grade level was assigned by the participating teach-
ers was then reviewed by the raters. If the two raters agreed, a change in grade level
was made.
As a measure of grade-level validity, the final grade-level estimates were corre-
lated with the first appearance and modal grade-level appearance on the WFB and
the four standardized tests.

RESULTS
This appendix lists the 6,768 basic words derived from the corpus of 30,371 using
the criteria described. The words are ordered by their final grade-level designations.
Listed along with each word is the grade level at which the word first appears on
one or more of the standardized tests used in the study. The correlations among the
final grade-level estimates with the first and modal appearance of the words on the
four standardized tests and the WFB for each word are reported in Table A.1.
Table A.1 indicates that the final grade-level designation (BASIC) was the most
robust correlate in the matrix. Specifically, the range of correlations between BASIC
and the other measures was .29 to .68. The low value of this range was higher than
the low value of the range for any other correlate; similarly, the high value of this
range was greater than the high value of the range for any other correlate. In keep-
ing, the average correlation with BASIC (.47) was higher than the average corre-
lation for any other variable in the matrix. The robust nature of BASIC is perhaps
best illustrated when it is regressed on the other variables. The multiple R from
that analysis was .83 (N = 1448, p < (.001), and the coefficient of determination
was .69. When multiple regression analyses were conducted using the ten other
correlates in the matrix as dependent variables, the next highest multiple R using
SRA (F) as the dependent variable was .77 (N = 1448, p <.001) with a coefficient
of determination of .59.

134 Appendix
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Table A.1. Intercorrelation Between Grade-Level Designations

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
4/6/05

1. BASIC .38 .67 .68 .67 .62 .45 .33 .29 .33 .29
(4,915) (3,401) (3,108) (2,806) (3,007) (4,861) (3,400) (3,109) (2,806) (3,007)
2. WFB (f) .25 .26 .23 .25 .25 .12 .12 .13 .16
3:54 PM

(2,889) (2,627) (2,384) (2,550) (4,861) (2,888) (2,628) (2,384) (2,550)

3. CAT (f) .53 .52 .49 .34 .63 .17 .23 .18
(2,398) (2,185) (2,331) (2,874) (3,400) (2,399) (2,185) (2,331)
Page 135

4. CTBS(f) .56 .50 .39 .19 .58 .22 .17

(2,094) (2,192) (2,614) (2,398) (3,108) (2,094) (2,192)
5. SRA (f) .49 .41 .21 .19 .65 .17
(2,037) (2,371) (2,185) (2,095) (2,806) (2,037)
6. STAN (f) .34 .17 .14 .20 .67
(2,537) (2,331) (2,192) (2,037) (3,007)
7. WFB (m) .26 .29 .29 .22
(2,873) (2,615) (2,371) (2,537)
8. CAT (m) .24 .25 .18
(2,399) (,2185) (2,231)
9. CTBS (m) .21 .19
(2,095) (2,192)
10. SRA (m) .18
(2,037)
11. STAN (m)
Note: All correlations in the matrix were significant: p < .001. BASIC = final grade level. WFB = The American Heritage Word Frequency Book (Carroll,
Davies, and Richman, 1971). CAT = California Achievement Tests (1986). CTBS = Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills (1984). SRA = Science Research
Associates Survey of Basic Skills Objectives (1984). STAN = Stanford Achievement Tests (=Gardner, Rudman, Karlsen and Merwin 1981). I = first grade
level of occurrence. m = modal grade level of occurrence. Parenthetical numbers refer to number of cases (words).
977845 appendix.1 4/6/05 3:54 PM Page 136

DISCUSSION
The findings in this study generally support Nagy and Anderson’s assertion (1984)
that there are far too many basic words in the English language to constitute a cor-
pus that might be taught within the context of regular classroom instruction.
Specifically, out of a 30,371-word corpus, 6,768, or 22 percent, were found to be
basic. Although the probability of a word’s being basic has an inverse relationship
with the frequency of use of the word (Nagy and Anderson, 1984), one could in-
duce from this study that there are many basic words in the English language, far
too many to teach in any direct manner.
However, the purpose of the study was to identify a set of K–6 basic words that
are commonly found in academic situations. Using the Beck, McKeown, and
Omanson (1987) logic, providing students with direct instruction in a small set of
words that can be used to determine the meaning of other words and are fre-
quently encountered in materials they read, might have immediate benefits for lit-
eracy development. The 6,768 words in this appendix represent such a list. Where
88,500 basic words would be impossible to teach, 6,768 in grades K–6 would not,
especially if instruction were limited to students at risk in terms of their language
development and to words they did not know. That is, instruction in the basic
words could be limited to those students not performing up to expected levels in
terms of their literacy development under the assumption that within the course
of normal literacy development, the basic words would be learned incidentally or
through direct instruction. Within this subset of students, instruction would focus
on only those words students did not already know. Hence, for any one student,
instruction would probably focus on a small subset of 6,768 basic words.
Of course, this study does not address such important issues as how instruc-
tion in the basic words should be accomplished. However, it does for the first time
provide a corpus of basic words that by some measures appear to be academically
sound and are also few enough to have instructional utility.

136 Appendix
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KINDERGARTEN
a K dog K look K
all 1 down K mad 1
am 1 end K me K
an K fall 1 mud K
and K fan K my 1
are K fish K name K
as 2 fly K no K
at K food K not K
away K for K of K
back K from K on K
ball K fun K or 1
bell K get K out K
big K go K paint K
bird K good K pet K
blue K gray K pin 1
book K green 1 play K
boot K groundhog K put K
box K hat 1 rain K
boy K he K red K
brown K here K run K
but K hill K sad K
by K I K say K
can K in K see K
car K into K she K
cat K is K sing K
come K it K sit 1
cow 1 its K so 1
day K kitten K stay K
do K little K stop K

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story K this 1 will K

sun K to K with K
take 1 too K work K
that K up K yellow K
the K we K yes K
them 1 wet K you K
then K what K zoo K
there K where K
they K who K

138 Appendix
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FIRST GRADE
about 1 bread 1 could K
add 1 breakfast 1 crayon 1
afraid 1 bring 2 cry K
after K bunny 1 cup 1
again K bus K cut K
ago K bush 1 dad 1
airplane K butterfly 2 dark K
also 1 button 1 dish K
always K cage 1 doll K
animal 2 cake 1 dot 3
ant 1 calf K draw K
apple 1 call K dream 1
ask K camp K dress 1
baby K cap 1 drink 2
bad 1 card K dry 1
bag 1 care 1 duck K
balloon 1 cart K early 1
bark 1 catch K eat K
barn 2 cave 1 edge 3
be K chain K egg K
bean 1 chicken K eight 1
bear 1 child K elephant 1
because K city 1 else K
bed 1 class K even K
bee 1 clock 1 eye 1
before K close 1 fair 2
begin 1 cloth K far 1
behind 1 cloud K farm K
best K clown K fast K
better K coat K fat K
bike 1 cold K father K
black 2 color 2 feed K
boat K cook 1 feet 1
both K cookie K find 1
bowl K corner K fire K

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firefighter - help K laugh 1

first K hen 1 lay K
fit 1 her K learn 1
five K high K leave 1
follow 2 him K left 1
forget 2 home K leg 1
four 1 honey 1 let K
fresh 1 hop 1 letter K
Friday 1 horn 1 light K
friend K horse K like K
frog 1 hot K lion 1
front K hotdog 3 live K
fur 1 hour 2 long K
game K house K love 2
gay K how K lunch K
gentle 1 huge K mail 1
girl K hurry 1 make 1
give K ice 1 mama 4
glad K if K man K
glass K inside 1 many 1
goat K jam 1 map 2
god 7 jet 1 may 1
gold 1 job 1 maybe K
grass 1 joy 3 mean 1
guess 1 jump K meet K
gun 3 just K might K
ham 1 kind 1 milk K
hand K king K miss K
hang 1 kite K mom 1
happen K know K Monday 1
happy K lady 7 money 1
hard K lake 1 monkey 2
have K lamb 1 moon K
head K land K more K
hear 1 last 1 morning K
hello 3 late 1 mother K

140 Appendix
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mouse K penny 1 second 1

much 1 people K seed 1
must 1 person 1 send 1
nap 2 pick 1 seven 1
near K picture 1 sheep 1
need K pig 1 ship 2
nest 1 place K shoe 1
new K plane K shop 1
next K plate K should 3
nice K pocket K shout 1
night K pony 1 show 1
nine 1 pool K side K
none K pop 2 sign 1
nothing 2 print K silly 2
now K promise 1 six 1
off 2 proud 1 sky K
old K pull K sled 1
once 1 push 1 sleep K
one K rabbit K small 1
only 1 race 3 snake K
onto 2 read 1 snow 1
open K ready K sock K
other K ribbon 1 some K
our 1 ride 1 song 1
over K right 1 soon K
page 1 ring 1 sorry 1
pan 1 road 1 spell 2
papa 4 rocket K spin K
paper K room K spot 2
part 1 rope 1 spring K
party 1 row 3 squirrel 1
pass 3 Saturday 1 star 1
pay K saw K start 1
peanut 1 school K step 1
pen 1 sea 1 still 1
pencil 1 seal K store K

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street K today K water K

string K tomorrow 2 way 2
summer 1 toss 3 Wednesday 1
Sunday 1 town 1 week 2
sure 1 toy K well K
surprise K train 1 were K
swim 1 trap 1 whale K
table K tree K when K
tail 1 trick K which 2
talk K trip 2 white K
tell 1 truck 1 why 1
ten 1 Tuesday 1 wild K
than K turn 1 window 1
thank K turtle 1 wing K
their K two K winter 1
these K under 1 wish K
thing K until 1 wolf 1
think K use 1 woman 1
those 1 very K word K
three K wagon K would K
Thursday 1 wait 1 write 1
tie 1 walk 1 year 1
tiger 2 want K yell K
time K was K
tiny K watch K

142 Appendix
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SECOND GRADE
able 2 believe K buy K
above 2 belong 2 candle K
across 2 below 3 candy 2
act 2 belt 3 canoe 2
address 3 beside 2 carrot 3
age 2 between 3 carry 2
ahead 2 bicycle 2 caterpillar 3
air K bit 2 cellar 2
alarm 3 bite 2 cent 2
alligator 4 blame 2 center 2
almost 2 blanket K cereal 2
along 1 bless 2 chair K
angel - block 4 chance 1
another 2 blossom 2 chase 2
answer 2 blow 2 cheek K
any 1 body K cheer 2
April 2 boil 3 cheese K
August 3 bottle 2 cherry 2
aunt K bottom 2 chin 2
autumn 3 branch 2 chips 2
bake 1 brave 2 choice K
ballet 7 break 3 choose 2
banana 3 bridge 2 chop 2
band 2 bright K chuckle 2
bandit K brook K circle K
bank 2 brother K circus 1
bar 6 brush 2 climb 2
basement 2 bucket 2 coach 3
basket K bug 1 copy 3
beach 2 bump 2 corn 2
beef 7 bun 2 correct 2
beehive 3 burn 2 count 2
beep 5 butcher 3 country 1
behave 4 butter 3 cover 2

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cowboy 5 during 2 flag 1

cracker - each K flake -
crazy 3 eagle 2 flap 2
cross 1 ear K flat 2
crow 1 east 2 float 2
crust 4 easy 1 floor K
cub 2 eighteen 7 flour 2
cupcake 11 eighty 5 flower 1
cupid - eleven 4 fold 2
dance 1 empty 2 foot K
dear 2 enjoy 3 forest K
December 2 enough 1 fork 3
decide 2 enter 2 forty 3
deep 2 evening 2 forward 3
deer 3 every 2 found 1
deliver 3 face K fourteen 3
design 2 fairy 3 fowl K
desk 3 family 2 fox 1
dig 2 fancy 3 free 2
dinner 3 fear 2 fruit K
direction 3 feather 2 full K
dive 2 February 3 gallon 3
doctor K feel 1 garden 1
dollar 2 felt 1 gate 2
donkey 2 fence 2 gather 1
door K few 3 giant 3
dough 4 field 2 glasses 2
doughnut - fifteen 3 glue 3
dragon 2 fifty 3 gobble 3
drain 2 fight K good-bye -
drip - fill 1 goose 3
drive 2 fine 2 granny -
driveway 6 finger 2 gravy -
drop 2 finish 2 great K
dumb 5 fix 1 greet 3

144 Appendix
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grin 2 jacket 3 lock K

grocery 3 January 2 lot 1
ground 1 jar K loud 2
group 2 jay 2 low 2
grow K jeans 2 luck 3
grumpy 3 jelly 3 magic 1
gum 4 join 1 magnet 3
hair 2 joke 2 March 2
half 2 jolly 3 mark 2
hall 3 judge 2 mask 2
hamburger K juice 3 meal 3
hammer 2 July 2 measure 2
handle 2 June 1 meat 3
hardly 1 keep 1 medicine 4
hate 3 key 2 melt 3
heat 1 kill 4 merry 3
heavy 2 kitchen 1 middle 2
helicopter 4 knife 3 mile 3
helium 4 ladder 2 mine 2
hide K ladybug 2 minus 11
hit 1 lamp K minute 3
hold K large 2 mirror 5
hole K lawyer 2 mix 2
hood K lazy 2 month 2
hope 2 leaf 2 most 2
hug 1 less 3 mountain 2
humor 5 lesson 2 mouth 2
hundred 2 library 2 move K
hunt 3 lid 2 music 2
hurt 1 life 2 nail 2
hut 2 lift 2 needle 3
idea 2 likely 2 neighbor 3
important 2 limit 2 net K
ink 4 line 1 never 1
island 2 listen 2 nineteen 5

Appendix 145
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ninety 3 peep 4 quart 2

noise 1 pepper 5 question 2
noon 1 perfect 2 quick 3
north 2 phone K quiet K
nose K picnic 1 quit 2
note 2 pie K radio 3
November 4 piece 2 rag 2
number 3 pile 2 rainbow 3
nut K pink 2 raise 2
ocean 2 pipe 2 ranch 1
October 3 pizza 3 rare 5
odd 3 plain 3 real 2
often 2 plan 2 record K
oil 2 plant K reindeer 3
orange 3 please K rest 2
outside K plus 6 return 1
oven 3 point K rich 2
owl 2 police 2 river 2
own 1 poor 1 roar 3
oxygen 3 popcorn 2 robin 4
pair 3 possible 4 rock K
pancake 4 postcard - roll 2
pants 2 pot 1 roof 1
parade K pour 2 rooster 3
parent 3 power 2 rose 1
park K practice 2 round 2
parrot 2 present 1 rub 1
past 3 press 1 rug 3
paste 4 pretty K rush 1
pat 1 prize 2 safe 1
path 2 pudding - sail 2
paw 1 puddle 3 salad 2
peach 2 pup 4 salt 2
pear 3 purple 2 same 3
peel - quack 2 sand 1

146 Appendix
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sandwich 2 skate 2 strong 1

sauce 2 skirt 3 stupid -
sausage 7 sleigh 7 subtract 1
save 1 slide 2 such 2
scare 2 slow 1 sudden 4
science 3 smart 2 sugar 3
scissors 4 smell 1 supper 3
score 2 smile K sweet 2
scratch 2 smoke K syrup 3
season 5 snack 6 tadpole 5
seat K soak 2 tall K
seem 3 soft 1 tape 2
self 3 sound 2 taste 2
selfish 5 soup 2 tattle -
sell 2 south 2 teach 3
September 1 speak 2 tear 4
set 1 speed 2 television 2
seventeen 6 spend 2 test K
seventy 3 spider 3 thin 1
shake 1 spill 3 thirteen 3
shall 2 splash K thirty 3
shape 3 split 2 thought K
sheet 2 spoon 3 throat 2
shell 2 sprinkle 2 through 1
shirt 2 stamp K throw K
short 1 stand 1 thumb 2
shovel 2 stare 2 tick 2
shut 2 state K tip 5
signal 3 station 4 tire 1
since 3 stick 2 title 2
sink 2 stir 4 toad 2
sister 2 stove K toast 3
sixteen 2 strange 1 toe 2
sixty 3 strawberry 6 together 1
size 2 stream K tonight 2

Appendix 147
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tool 2 uncle 1 while K

tooth 2 understand 3 whisker 4
top K upon 3 whisper 2
toward 3 upset 2 wide 2
tower 5 valentine - wind 1
track 2 van - wise 2
tractor 3 vegetables 2 without 2
travel 3 visit 2 wonder 2
treat 3 voice 2 wool 2
trot 5 wake 2 world 2
trouble 2 wall 1 worm 5
true 2 wander 2 worry 2
trunk 2 warm 1 wrong 1
try 2 wash K yard K
turkey 2 wave 1 yesterday 2
turkey 2 wear 2 yet 4
twelve 2 weed 2 yolk -
twenty 2 weekend 2 young 2
twig 2 welcome 5
ugly 2 west 2

148 Appendix
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THIRD GRADE
aboard 3 apology 7 backward 6
accident 3 apostrophe - bacon 3
ache 2 appear 3 badge 3
adopt - approve - balcony 5
adult 3 apron - bald 7
adventure 3 area 3 Band-Aid
adverb 3 argue 3 bang 7
advice 3 arithmetic 3 barbecue -
Africa 3 Arizona 4 bare 3
against 3 Arkansas 4 baseball K
agree 4 arm 2 basketball 2
aim 3 army 3 bath 3
airport 3 arrange 3 bathroom 9
Alabama 5 arrive 3 batter 4
Alaska 3 arrow 3 battery 4
album 5 art 3 bead 3
alert 4 article 5 beak 5
alley 6 Asia 4 beam 3
allow 5 ass - beard 7
alphabet 4 Atlantic 3 beast 3
already K attack K beat 1
although 3 attention 3 beauty 3
ambulance 6 attic 5 beaver 3
America 3 attitude 5 become 3
among 3 Australia 4 beetle -
amount 3 author 3 beg -
amuse 3 autograph - being 3
anger 5 automobile 3 belly 3
announce 3 avenue 4 bench 3
annoy 5 award 3 bend 2
Antarctica 5 aware 5 beneath 4
anxious 3 awful 3 berry 4
apart 3 awhile 4 bet 3
apartment K babe 5 Bethlehem -
ape 6 baboon - beware 3

Appendix 149
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bib - build 2 caw 2

bible - bulb 5 ceiling 2
bill K bum - celebrate 2
birth 3 bunch 4 celery 6
bitter 5 bundle 3 cell 5
blackboard - bunk - cemetery 7
bleed 3 burglar - certain 3
blend 5 burro 3 chalk 5
blink 4 burst 4 chalkboard 7
bloom 3 bury - change 2
blot 2 business 3 charge 2
board 2 busy 3 chart 3
boast 3 buzz - cheat 7
bone 3 cab 3 check 2
bonnet 3 cabin 3 cheep -
born 2 cactus 4 chest 3
borrow 5 California 4 chew 3
boss 3 calm 3 Chicago 3
bother 4 camera 3 chief 3
bounce 4 canyon 3 chili -
bow 3 cape 6 chimney 3
bowling 6 capital 2 chimpanzee 4
bracelet 2 captain 3 chipmunk -
braid 11 cardboard 3 chocolate 3
brain 5 caribou 3 chunk -
breath 3 carol 1 church 3
breeze 2 carpenter 4 churn 3
brick 3 carpet 3 clam 3
broke 2 cartoon 5 clap 3
broom K carve 3 claw 3
brownie 3 case 2 clay 2
bubble 3 castle 2 clean 1
buckle 4 cattail - clear 2
bud 4 cattle 4 clever 3
buffalo 3 cause 2 cliff 2
buggy - caution 3 clip 3

150 Appendix
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clop - cotton 3 daisy 3

clothing 3 county 3 Dallas 4
clover 5 courage 4 damp 4
club 4 course 4 dandelion -
cluck - court 4 danger 2
clue 2 cowhand - dare 3
coast 4 cozy 3 dash 2
cob 2 crab 1 daughter 4
cocoon - crack 3 dead 4
code 7 craft 4 deal 3
coin 3 cranberry - deck 3
collar 4 crank 9 Delaware 3
Colorado 4 crash 3 delicious 3
colt 3 crawl 3 delight 6
column 4 cream 3 denominator 6
comb 3 creature 3 dent 5
comfort 4 creek 2 Denver 3
comma - creep 3 department 3
command 3 cricket K describe 4
common 4 crisp 7 desert 1
community 3 crocodile 4 desire 3
company 3 crooked 2 dessert 4
complain 3 crop 3 devil 11
complete 2 crowd 1 diamond 4
cone 1 crown 3 diaper 6
Connecticut 5 cruel 4 dictionary 3
consonant - cube 2 die 3
content 3 cucumber - difficult 4
contest 2 curious 3 digit 3
continue 3 curl 2 dim 4
cool 2 curtain 5 dime 4
copper 4 curve 3 dinosaur 4
coral 4 customer 3 direct 5
corral 4 cute 4 dirt 2
cost 3 daffodil 4 discover 4
costume 3 dairy 4 distant 3

Appendix 151
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disturb 3 equator 3 fir 4

dock K erase 6 firecracker -
dodge 4 errand - firehouse 4
double 3 escape 2 fireworks 6
downtown 3 Europe - firm 2
dozen 3 ever 3 fist 3
drag 5 evil 4 flame 4
drawer 1 exact 3 flash 2
dread 6 exam 7 flee 5
drift 4 excite 9 flop -
drown - exclaim 4 Florida 3
drowsy 9 excuse 4 flow 3
drug 3 exit 3 flush 7
drugstore 5 experiment 4 flutter 10
drum 1 explain 5 fog 3
dull 3 explore 3 foil 7
dump 4 extra 3 folder 3
dust K fact 3 fool 3
dwarf 7 factory 3 football 4
eager 4 faint 3 force 3
eardrum - fake 6 forever 2
earn 3 falcon 7 forgive 6
earth 3 false 2 form 2
either 4 familiar 4 forth 3
elastic 6 faucet 5 fossil 3
elbow - fault 3 fountain 3
electric 3 feast 3 foursquare -
elementary 4 fellow 6 frame 9
elf 3 female 4 freeze 4
elm 5 fern 3 frost 4
encyclopedia 4 fib - frown 2
enemy 3 fiction 3 fry -
energy 3 fierce 3 fudge 3
engine 3 fife - fuel 3
entertain 4 figure 3 fulcrum 11
entrance 6 final 5 garage 3

152 Appendix
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garbage 4 handsome 4 hotel 3

gas 3 hangar - hound 3
gasp - harbor 3 Houston 6
gaze 4 harm 3 howl 3
Georgia 2 harp 3 hum -
germ 5 harvest 3 human 4
germinate 11 hatch 3 hunger 4
ghost 2 Hawaii 7 hurrah -
gift 1 hawk 3 husband 3
giggle - hay 3 husky 6
giraffe 4 headline - hydrant -
glide 4 heap 4 icicle 3
globe 4 heart 3 Idaho 6
glove 5 heel 2 identify 4
goodnight 4 height 3 ill 3
gorilla 5 hell - Illinois 5
gown 5 helmet - impossible 5
grab 5 hem - inch 3
grade 3 herd 3 indeed 3
graham 7 hero 4 index 5
grain 5 hibernate 6 Indiana 5
grand 3 highway 3 indoors 4
grandparent - hip 7 inn 3
grape 8 hippopotamus 5 insect 5
grapefruit 11 hire 3 instead 3
graph 3 hive 3 instrument 3
growl - hollow 3 interest 3
grown-up - holster - invite 3
guard 4 honest 4 Iowa 5
guest 4 honk - iron 3
guitar 3 honor 3 item 3
gull 2 hook 4 jail 5
gulp - hoop - jeep 7
habit 3 hopscotch 5 jerk 3
hamster 3 hose 2 jigsaw -
handkerchief 4 hospital 3 jingle 5

Appendix 153
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joint 3 lick - manner 6

journey 3 lie 3 margarine 6
jungle 3 lighthouse 3 margin 9
kangaroo 4 lightning 6 market 3
Kansas 9 lilac - marry 6
kennel - limb 3 marshal 11
Kentucky 4 lip 4 marshmallow 6
kick 2 liquid 4 Maryland 5
kindergarten - list 3 Massachusetts 5
kingdom 3 liter 2 mat 8
kiss - lizard 3 match K
kit 5 load 3 matter 4
knee 2 loaf 2 mayor 3
kneel 9 lobster 5 meadow 2
knock 2 log 2 medal 7
knot 2 lollipop - member 4
label 2 lone 2 mention 5
lace 3 loop 3 meow 3
lad 2 loose-leaf 9 message 2
lane 2 Los Angeles - metal 3
language K lose 1 meter 2
lap 4 Louisiana 4 method 4
larva 3 lullaby - Miami 1
lasso - lump 3 Michigan 5
law 3 machine 3 microscope 3
lawn 3 magazine 3 microwave 3
lead 2 maid 3 midget -
leak 6 main 4 mild 4
lean 3 Maine 5 mill 3
least 3 major 3 million 3
leather 3 makeup 6 mind 4
lemon 3 male 5 Minnesota 5
length 3 mall 6 Mississippi 4
leopard 3 mammal 3 Missouri 5
lettuce 3 manhole - mist 7
level 3 Manila - mistake 2

154 Appendix
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moan 2 New Mexico - otter 4

modern 4 New York - ought 3
modest 2 news 3 outdoors 3
mold 3 nickel 4 oval 9
moment 2 nickname 6 overhead 5
monster 3 niece 8 ox 9
Montana 4 nimble - Pacific 4
moo - nobody 3 pack K
moose 4 nod - paddle -
mosquito 5 noodle 5 pageant 6
moss 4 North America - pail 3
motel - North Carolina - pain 2
moth 4 North Dakota - pajamas 3
motor 4 notice 4 pal 9
mound 2 noun 4 palace 3
mow - numeral 3 pale 3
mulberry - nurse 2 palm 3
mule 4 o’clock 1 pane 6
mumps - oak 3 pant 3
museum 3 oatmeal - parka 4
mush 2 obey 4 partridge -
mushroom 3 object 3 passage 3
mutter 4 offer 4 pasture 6
mystery 3 office 2 patch K
narrow 2 officer 3 pattern 3
nation 4 Ohio 5 peacock 12
neat 2 okay 5 peas 3
Nebraska 5 Oklahoma 8 pedal 6
neck 2 olive 3 peek -
necklace 2 onion 3 penguin 4
neither 5 opinion 3 Pennsylvania 3
nephew 3 opposite 3 perhaps 3
nervous 3 orbit 2 perimeter 3
Nevada 8 orchard 4 period 3
New Hampshire- order 3 pest 3
New Jersey - Oregon 2 petal 5

Appendix 155
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piano 3 problem 3 rear 8

pigeon 3 produce 3 reason 2
pilgrim 9 professor 3 recess 5
pillow 2 pronoun - recite 2
pilot 4 pronounce 4 rectangle 4
pine 3 proper 2 refuse 3
pint 3 protect 2 regular 4
pioneer 4 protest 5 relax 3
pirate 5 prove 4 relief 2
pistil 5 provide 3 religion 4
pitch 3 puff 2 remain 1
pitcher 3 pump 3 remember 3
planet 3 pumpkin 4 remind 3
plastic 3 punish 3 remove 3
plenty 3 pupil 4 rent 7
plow 3 puppet 2 repair 1
plug 4 pure 4 reply 2
poem 5 purr 5 report 3
poke 4 purse 3 reptile 3
pole 2 pus - respect 4
polite 3 puzzle 11 restaurant 5
pollen 4 quarter 3 reward 3
pond 3 queen 6 rhinoceros 6
poplar 3 queer - Rhode Island -
poppy - quicksand - rhyme 7
porch 3 quite 4 rhythm 9
post 4 quiz 8 rib 2
poster 5 radish 4 rice 3
potato 3 railroad 3 rid 6
pound 4 raisin - riddle 3
praise 2 rake 5 rink 2
pray - range 5 rip 3
prepare 2 raspberry - ripe 2
president 3 rat 4 ripple 4
pretend 3 rather 3 roam 2
prince 3 reach 2 roast 3

156 Appendix
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rob 2 seize 4 silk 4

robe 5 select 2 sill -
robot 7 sense 2 silver 3
Rockies - sentence 2 simple 2
rod 6 separate 5 sin -
rodeo 3 serious 3 single 4
root 3 serve 3 sip 12
rubber 3 settle 2 sir 4
rude 3 several 3 skeleton 3
ruin 4 sew 3 ski 11
rule 3 shade 2 skill 5
sack 5 shadow 5 skin 4
saddle 5 share 5 skip 9
sale K sharp 2 skunk 3
sample K shave - skyscraper 5
San Francisco - shed 5 slap 3
sap 3 shelf 2 slave 3
satin - shelter 4 sleeve 5
satisfy 5 shepherd 3 slice 5
saucer - sheriff 3 slime 3
scale K shine 2 slowpoke -
scar 2 shiver 11 slumber 7
scarf 3 shock 7 smash -
scatter 4 shoot 2 smooth 2
schedule 6 shore 3 snap 3
scold 3 shorts 7 sneeze 4
scoop 7 shove 4 sniff 3
scrapbook - shrimp 3 snob -
scrape 4 shrink 3 soap 2
scream 4 shy 4 soar 2
screen 6 sick 3 sob -
scribble - sidewalk 2 soda 4
scrub - sigh K soil 2
search 3 sight 4 soldier 4
secret 2 signature 7 son 3
section 3 silent 3 sort 5

Appendix 157
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sour 3 storm 2 tease 9

South Carolina - straight 3 teaspoon 4
South Dakota - strap 4 telephone 3
sow 7 straw 12 temperature 3
space 3 strike 3 tender 3
spank - strip 5 Tennessee 5
spare 3 stripe 4 tent 3
spark - student 3 terrible 2
special 1 study 3 terror 3
speech 3 stuff 5 tether -
spoil 3 substance 3 Texas 1
spray 6 suit 4 thermometer 3
spy 3 sundae - thick 2
square 3 supermarket 7 thief 3
squawk - surface 3 thirst 3
squeak K swallow 4 though 2
squeal - sweater 3 thousand 3
squeeze 3 sweep 2 thread 3
stable 5 swing K thunder 3
stack 2 swirl 3 ticket K
stairs 2 swish - tickle K
stamen 5 switch 3 tight 4
starfish 5 sword 3 tights -
starve 7 symbol 3 till2
statue 3 system 4 tin4
steal 5 tablespoon 6 tinfoil -
steam 3 taco 5 ting -
steer 3 tag 4 toboggan -
stem 4 tale 3 tomato 3
stew 4 tan 3 ton 3
sticker 4 tap 3 tongue 4
stiff 3 task 5 tortoise -
stocking - taxi - touch 2
stomach 4 tea 2 touchdown 9
stone 1 team 3 towel 4
stool 3 teapot 4 trace 2

158 Appendix
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trade 5 velvet 9 whoop -

traffic 3 verb 4 whoosh -
trail 2 Vermont 5 wicked 4
trailer 3 vest 3 wife 9
trash 4 village 4 wig 1
tray 3 violin 3 wiggle -
treasure 3 Virginia 5 willow 3
tremble 3 vowel 4 win 3
triangle 3 voyage 3 windmill 9
tribe 2 waffle - wink 2
trickle - wag 3 wipe 3
troll - wail 5 wire 1
trust 3 waist 3 Wisconsin 5
tub K waiter 8 witch 4
tube 3 war 2 within 5
tug 2 warn 3 wood 3
tulip 4 Washington 2 woodpecker 4
tune 6 waste 2 worse 3
tunnel 3 watermelon 4 worst 3
twin 1 weak 3 worth 2
twist 4 weary 2 wound 9
type 3 weather 3 wow -
ukulele - wed - wrap 3
umbrella 5 weep 2 wreck 3
underneath 4 weigh 3 wriggle -
unit 3 West Virginia - wrist 3
United States - wheat 3 Wyoming 5
unless 3 wheel 4 yarn 3
upward 2 wheelbarrow - yawn 3
usual 3 whether 5 yeast 6
Utah 7 whimper - zebra 9
vacant 3 whip - zip 11
vacation 3 whir - zoom -
valley 4 whistle 4
value 4 whole 3

Appendix 159
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FOURTH GRADE
abbreviate 2 anniversary 5 awe 7
absent 4 annual 4 awkward 5
absorb 4 antelope - axe -
accent 5 anthem - axle 4
accept 3 antonym - babble -
accordion - appetite 4 background 4
accuse 4 applaud 5 balance 3
ace 3 appreciate 5 bale -
acid 3 approach 2 ballad 7
acorn - approximate 3 ballpoint 5
acrobat 6 apricot 7 ballroom -
actual 3 aquarium 3 Baltic 7
adjective 4 arch 4 bamboo 5
adjust 6 arctic 3 bandage 5
admire 3 ark 3 banjo -
admit 6 arrest - banner 4
affair 7 artificial 4 banquet 3
afford 3 ash 7 bargain 4
agriculture 6 aspen - barrel 4
aid 3 aspirin 3 barrow -
airline 4 assign 6 barter -
aisle 5 assortment 8 base 3
alfalfa 7 athlete 4 basic 4
algae 5 Atlanta 3 basin 4
almanac 5 atlas 4 bat 1
aloud 5 atmosphere 5 batch -
altitude 4 atom 4 baton -
aluminum 4 attach 3 battle 4
amaze 4 attend 4 bawl -
ambush - attract 4 bay K
anchor 4 audience 4 beagle 5
Anchorage - auditorium 4 bedspread -
ancient 3 auto 5 beer -
Andes 4 average 3 beet 3
ankle 5 avoid 4 behold -

160 Appendix
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beige - brake - canary 5

belch - brand 4 cancel 7
beyond 6 brass 5 cane 5
bibliography 6 breast 7 capable 4
bid 4 brew 6 capacity 4
billion 6 bride 5 capillary -
biography 7 brief 3 capitol 7
birch - brilliant 4 capsule 4
blacksmith 4 brim 4 capture 3
blade 6 brisk 4 caramel -
blank 2 broad 3 carbohydrate 7
blast 5 bronze 5 carbon 3
blaze 4 brow 4 career 5
bleacher - bruise 4 carnation -
bleat - buddy - carnival 3
blind 4 budge 2 carriage 8
blizzard 5 budget 5 carton 3
blood 5 buffet - cartwheel -
blouse - bull 7 cash 4
blurt - bulldog 5 casserole 6
blush 7 bullet 6 cassette 7
bobsled - bulletin 4 cast K
bold 5 bully 7 catsup -
bomb - buoy - cauliflower 10
bonus 6 burp - cavern -
bookworm 4 burrow 5 cedar 7
booth 4 bushel 9 cello -
border 4 butler - cellophane -
Boston 3 butte - Celsius 5
bough - buttercup - cement 3
boulder 4 cabbage 6 Centigrade -
bound 6 cable 4 centipede -
bounty 4 caboose - century 4
bouquet - calendar 3 challenge 8
brag - calorie 5 champion 3
braille 4 Canada 2 channel 5

Appendix 161
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chant 7 cling 9 constellation 5

chap 5 clink - constitute -
chapel - closet 4 construct 7
chapter 3 clump - contagious -
character 4 clumsy 2 contain 4
charcoal 3 cluster - continent 4
chariot 6 clutch - contrary 8
charm 3 coal 3 control 4
cheap 2 coarse 7 convenient 9
checkers 5 cobra 6 convince 4
chemical 3 cocoa 5 coop -
chestnut - cod 7 cooperate 4
chill - coffee 4 cord 3
China 4 coffin - core 4
chip K coil - cork K
chirp 4 coliseum 9 cot -
choir 7 collect 3 cottage 4
choke - college 4 cottonwood -
chord 4 collie 5 cougar -
chore 5 colony 4 cough 5
chorus 4 comet 4 council 4
chow - comic 3 counter 4
chubby - comment 5 couple 6
chuck 3 commercial 4 coupon 6
chug - committee 5 courteous 7
cigar - communicate 4 courtyard -
cinder - compass 3 cousin 3
cirrus - compose - coward 4
citizen 4 compound 7 coyote 4
clang - concentrate 4 cradle 5
clank - concert 5 crate -
clarinet 8 condition 4 creak 5
clasp - congruent 3 create 5
clatter - conjunction - crew 7
click 10 consider 4 crib 6
climate 3 consist 6 crime 4

162 Appendix
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croak 4 definite 3 dizzy 4

crook 5 degree 4 dodo 11
crossword 4 den 4 dome 3
crouch - denomination - doodle 7
crowbar - dense 4 doubt 4
crumb - deny 7 dove 4
crunch - depend 4 downpour 6
crush 4 deposit 5 doze 11
crystal 8 depot 9 drab 9
cuckoo - deputy 11 drama 7
cuddle - deserve 12 drape -
culture 5 desperate 5 drawbridge -
cumulus - destroy 4 dribble -
cupboard 5 detergent 11 drill 3
cure 3 detour - drizzle 10
current 4 Detroit 4 drought 5
custom 4 develop 4 duel -
cycle 3 dew 6 duke K
cylinder 3 diagram 3 dunce 7
cymbal - dial 5 dune -
dab 4 diary 5 dung -
dam 5 dice 5 dungeon 7
damage 4 diet 4 earthquake 3
dandy - dine K ease 7
dart 5 dioxide 3 echo 4
date 3 dip 4 educate 12
dawn 3 disappoint 9 effect 5
daze 6 disaster 5 effort 4
deadline - discipline 5 electron 4
deaf 3 discourage 9 elegant 4
death 5 discuss 7 element 4
deciduous - disguise 4 elk -
decimal 5 displace - elsewhere 7
decrease 4 dissolve 5 embarrass 11
defend 5 ditch 4 emergency 7
define 4 divide 3 empire 7

Appendix 163
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England 4 fail 2 foreword 7

enlarge 4 faith 11 fort 6
enormous 2 fame 4 fortune 7
enthusiasm 4 fashion 4 foul 7
entire 4 fasten 4 fraction 3
envelope 4 favor 4 freckle -
equal 3 fawn - freeway 9
equilateral - fee 5 freshman 7
error 4 ferry 6 fret 6
erupt 11 festival 5 friction 5
essay 6 fetch - frustrate -
establish 5 file 4 fumble -
estimate 3 film 5 fungus 5
evaporate 6 fin 5 furnace 4
event 4 finch 4 furnish 6
evidence 3 flannel - furniture 3
example 3 flare 11 further 8
excellent 5 flask 3 future 4
except 4 flavor 4 gallop -
exchange 4 flea 8 gander -
exercise 4 flesh 5 gang 5
exhale - fling 6 gangplank -
exhaust - flip - gap 7
exhibit 4 flipper - garter -
exist 4 flock 5 gauze -
expect 5 flood 4 gear 5
expensive 4 fluff - general 4
experience 4 fluid 4 generous 4
expert 4 flute 3 genie -
express 4 foam 11 geography 4
extend 7 folk 5 geranium 9
eyebrow - forbid 6 Germany 3
eyelash - ford 7 gigantic 6
factor 5 forearm 11 glacier 5
fade - forehead - glance 6
Fahrenheit 4 foreign 3 glare 5

164 Appendix
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glaze - grouch - hiccup -

glimpse 4 grunt 5 hike 3
glisten 5 guide 3 hind 4
glitter 3 gulf 4 hinge 4
gloom 5 gully 6 hint 11
glossary 4 guppy - hiss -
glow 5 gurgle - history 4
gnaw 4 gut - hitch 3
goal 6 guy - hobby 6
goblin - gym 5 hobo 4
goggles 7 gypsy - hockey 10
goldenrod - hail 5 hoe 5
golf 5 halo - holiday 3
gong - hammock 7 holler -
gossip - handball 5 holly -
grace 3 handcuff - holy 11
gradual 4 hardware 6 homespun 11
graduate 9 harmonica 9 homonym -
gram 2 harpoon - hoof -
grammar 7 Harrisburg - hoot K
grasshopper 5 harrow - horizontal 7
grate 7 harsh 5 horror 5
grateful 4 Hartford - household 7
gravity 3 hatchet 2 however 4
graze 4 haul 5 hubbub -
grease 5 hazard 5 huckleberry -
Great Britain - hazel - huddle 4
greenhouse 1 headdress - humble 2
Greenland 4 headquarters 7 humid 5
greyhound - heal 5 hunch 9
griddle - health 3 hush 5
grill 5 heave - hutch -
grind 4 heaven - hydrogen 4
grip - hedge 5 hymn 6
groan 3 hemisphere 5 hyphen 9
groom 3 hesitate 6 iceberg 7

Appendix 165
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icebox - janitor 5 latch 6

ideal 7 Japan 4 launch 4
idle 4 jaw 5 lava 4
igloo - jellyfish 5 lavender -
ignite 10 jersey 4 layer 4
image 3 Jerusalem 7 leap 2
imagine 3 jewel 3 lease 10
imitate 9 jewelry 4 ledge 3
immediate 9 jig 5 legend 4
improve 5 journal 5 lens 5
increase 4 jug 7 lever 6
indent - juggle - liar -
individual 5 junction 4 liberty 4
industry 5 junior 5 licorice -
influence 4 junk 4 lily 6
inner 4 Jupiter 4 lime 3
inning - kernel - limestone 4
innocent 4 kettle 5 limp 4
insist 4 keyboard - lipstick -
inspect - kid 4 litter 2
instant 5 kidney - liver 7
instruct 6 kimono - llama 4
intelligent 5 knit - loan 3
interrupt 4 knothole - lobby 9
intestine 7 knuckle 7 locate 1
introduce 7 lab 9 locket 4
invent 5 labor 7 lodge 8
invisible 4 laboratory 7 London 3
inward 6 lack 4 loom 9
iodine 9 ladle - lope 7
irrigate 6 lame - lord 5
itch 4 lantern 7 loss 5
jabber - lariat - lotion 8
jack 1 lark - luggage 7
jackknife - lash - lumber 3
Jacksonville 5 lass - lunar 7

166 Appendix
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lurch - Mercury 4 muscle 7

macaroni - mermaid 4 mustache 7
magma 11 mesa 7 mustard 3
magnificent 5 meteor 4 mutt -
magnify 7 metric 4 myth 5
maintain 5 Mexico 4 nab -
manage 4 midnight 3 naked 6
mane 4 Milwaukee 9 napkin -
mantle 4 minnow - nasty 7
manufacture 6 minor 3 native 4
manure - mission 4 nature 3
maple 3 mister - naughty -
marble 4 mitt 3 navy 4
marigold 7 mittens - necessary 5
marmalade 10 moccasin 12 Neptune 6
Mars 4 mock - Netherlands 10
mascot 5 model 4 neutron 4
mash 4 moderate 9 New Orleans -
mast 5 moist 4 nibble 5
master - mollusk 4 nightmare -
material 4 monitor 4 nitrogen 3
math 4 mood 5 nook 9
mattress - mop 3 nor 5
maypole - Moscow 7 Norway 7
McKinley - motion 4 notch 5
meanwhile 6 mount - novel 5
mechanic 4 movie 1 nozzle -
medium 7 muff - nucleus 4
melody - muffin - nudge -
melon 3 muffler - numb 4
memorial 8 mug - nun -
memory 4 muggy - nuzzle -
Memphis 5 multiply 3 nylon 8
mend 6 mumble 4 oar 9
mental 7 mummy 5 oasis 4
menu 5 munch - oats 7

Appendix 167
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oblong 4 participate 5 pill 4

oboe - particular 5 pillar -
observe 4 partner 4 pinch 9
occupation 5 passenger 4 pineapple -
occur 6 patent 9 pinwheel -
Omaha 5 patient 4 pistol 6
omit 4 patio 9 pit 3
ooze - patrol 4 pity 4
operate 4 pause 4 pixy -
opportunity 5 pave - planetarium 4
orchestra 5 peace 4 plaster 11
ordinary 6 peak 3 plateau 4
organ 12 pearl 5 platform 3
organize 5 pebble 4 platter 5
orient - peck 7 plaza 4
oriole - peer 5 plop -
ornament 5 pelican 12 plot 6
ornery - penetrate 4 plum 3
ostrich 7 pennant - plumber 5
ounce 4 percussion - plump 5
outfit 5 perennial 7 plural 6
outskirts - perfume 9 Pluto 5
overalls 4 permit 4 pod 5
owe 7 Persia 4 poet 5
pad 4 petticoat - poison 4
padlock 4 petunia - policy 5
pantry - pheasant 8 polish 4
papoose - Philadelphia 5 polka 12
parable - Phoenix 4 poll 4
parachute 9 phonograph 5 pollute 4
paraffin 7 photosynthesis 5 polygon -
paragraph 3 phrase 3 poncho -
parallelogram 6 piccolo - poodle 6
parcel 6 pickle 5 popover -
pardon - pickup 4 popular 3
parenthesis - pigtail - porcupine 7

168 Appendix
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porpoise 5 Providence - razor 9

porridge - prowl 5 realize 5
port 3 public 3 receipt 2
portfolio 9 publish 5 receive 4
position 5 pulley - recipe 4
positive 4 pullover - recognize 5
postage 7 pulse 3 recover 6
postmaster - punch 4 redcoat -
postpone - punctuate - reduce 4
posture 7 puncture 4 redwood 11
poultry 4 pupa 3 reed 6
practical 6 purpose 3 regard 7
prairie 4 putter - region 4
preach 6 pyramid 4 regret 7
precious 4 quadrilateral - rein -
precipitation 5 quail 10 rely 6
predicate 4 qualify 6 remark 4
prefer 4 quarantine 5 repeat 7
prefix 4 quarrel 4 represent 4
preposition - quartet - rescue 3
prevent 3 quilt 5 research 6
pride 7 quiver 4 reservoir 7
primary 5 quotient - respond 5
principal 4 raccoon 2 responsible 4
prism 5 raccoon - result 4
prison 5 racket 5 reveal 5
private 5 raft 5 revoke -
process 4 rage 5 revolution 4
procrastinate - rail - Richmond -
product 4 railway 7 ridge 11
program 3 ramp 7 rifle 6
proof 4 rapid 5 rigid 7
proofread - rattle 5 rinse -
property 5 rattlesnake 4 rise 3
proton 4 raw 5 rot 4
protrude 11 ray K rough 3

Appendix 169
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route 4 scripture - sideways 7

routine 6 scum - sierra 8
royal 4 seafood 6 sift 5
ruby 2 seam K silverware -
ruff - Seattle 8 similar 4
ruffle - seaweed 5 simile 11
runaway - secretary 4 siren 10
rung 4 secrete - sissy -
runt - secure 5 situation 6
rural 4 seek 4 skein -
Russia 4 seldom 5 skid 7
rust 4 senor 4 skillet -
rustle 5 sensitive 6 skim 11
rustler - series 4 skinny 7
sag - sermon - skittish -
Sahara 4 sewer 11 slab -
sake 11 sex 5 slacks 7
salary 4 shack - slam 3
salmon 4 shale 4 slang -
San Diego - shallow 4 slant 10
sandal - shame 8 slash 4
sash - shampoo 4 sleet 6
satellite 4 shawl 5 slender 4
Saturn 4 sherbet 6 slick 7
sawmill - shift - slight 4
saxophone - shipment 2 slim 4
scalp - shortening 4 sling -
scene 4 shorthand - slip 4
scent - shortstop 4 slop -
scoot - shoulders 5 slug -
scout 4 shred 5 sly 4
scowl 2 shrill 9 smack -
scramble - shrub 4 smear -
screw 9 shrug - smith 3
screwdriver 6 shuffle - smog 7
scrimp 12 sideburns - smokestack -

170 Appendix
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smother 4 sparrow 9 stalk -

smudge - spat - stall 5
snail 3 spatula - stallion -
snapdragon - spear 5 staple 7
sneak 3 species 7 startle 4
snicker - speck 4 steadfast -
snip - spectacles - steady 4
snoop - sphere 4 steak 4
snooze - spice 11 steel 3
snore - spike - steep 4
snort - spinach 3 steeple -
snub - spiral 5 sting 4
snug - spit - stingy 9
sober 7 splice - stink -
soccer 5 splinter - stitch 3
social 2 sponge 4 stock 2
sofa 7 sponsor 9 stockade -
softball 6 spook - stopwatch -
soggy 7 spore 12 strain 5
solar 4 sport 3 strait 6
solid 3 sprain - streak 8
solo 8 spread K stretch 3
solve 3 sprout 5 strict 11
somersault - spur 7 stride -
somewhat 5 sputter - stroke 5
sonar - squash 8 stroll 8
soothe 5 squat 5 structure 6
sore 4 squaw - struggle 7
source 5 squirm - strum -
souvenir - squirt 5 stubborn 5
soybean - St. Louis - stumble -
spa - staff 4 stump 5
spaghetti 3 stage 3 sturdy 2
Spain 4 stagecoach 4 subject 4
spangle - stain 7 submarine 3
spaniel - stale - subway 2

Appendix 171
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succeed 4 tardy 2 thy 4

suck 7 tassel - tiddlywinks -
suffer - taupe - tide 4
sufficient 5 tee 5 tilt -
suffix 4 teenager 6 timid 7
suggest 5 teepee 9 tingle -
suitcase 5 teeter - tinsel -
sum 4 telegram 9 tint 7
sunflower 5 telegraph 4 tiresome -
super 4 telescope 7 ‘tis -
superior 5 telltale - toadstool 10
supply 5 temper - Tokyo 5
support 4 temple 3 tole -
suppose 4 tend 7 tom-tom -
surround 4 tennis 3 tomahawk -
suspect 5 termite 4 tomboy -
suspender 5 terrier - tone 2
swamp 7 territory 4 tong -
swan - text 7 toot -
sway 5 texture - topic 4
swear - thaw 4 torch -
sweat - thee - total 5
swell 4 theft 7 tough 3
swift 4 therefore 4 tow 6
syllable 4 thimble - trademark -
synonym 4 thistle - tramp -
synthesis 8 thong - trampoline 9
tab - thorax - trapeze 6
tablet - thorn 9 treble -
tack 4 thou - tricycle 5
tackle 4 thrill 4 trim 5
talent 6 thud 5 trinket -
tambourine - thumbtack - trio -
tame 3 thump 5 trombone 3
tank 3 thus 6 troop 3

172 Appendix
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trophy 4 veil - whack -

trousers - vein 9 wham -
trundle - Venus 4 wharf 4
truth 2 veranda - wheelchair -
tuba 8 vessel 5 whiff 10
tuck 6 veterinarian - whine 9
tumble 3 vibrate 5 whinny 4
turnip 6 video 9 whirl 4
twine - view 4 wick -
twinkle 5 vine 4 wicker -
twirl - vinegar 4 widow 4
typewrite - violet 7 wigwam -
umpire 5 vocabulary K wildcat -
unicorn 6 volcano 4 wilderness 6
uniform 5 volume 4 windpipe 10
union 4 vote 3 wizard 9
universe 3 vulture 7 workout -
upland - waddle - worship 5
upright 5 wade 5 wreath -
Uranus 6 walrus 5 wrestle -
urgent 2 waltz - wrinkle 4
Uruguay - wasp 4 xylophone -
vampire 7 wax 3 yak -
vapor 4 wealth 5 yap 8
vary 7 weasel - Yellowstone 5
vase 5 web 5 youth 5
vegetation 7 wedge 6 zero 7
vehicle 9 wee 9 zone 3

Appendix 173
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FIFTH GRADE
abandon 4 alkaline 7 archery 5
Abilene - allegiance - arena 6
aborigine - alloy 7 Argentina 5
abroad 7 almond - armor 5
absolute 6 Alps 5 armpit -
abuse 5 altar 11 aroma -
access 8 alto - array -
accessory 7 ambassador 5 artery 9
accompany 5 amber - asbestos -
accomplish 5 ambition 6 asparagus 6
account 5 amble 9 assemble 7
accurate 5 ammonia - assist 7
acre 7 ammunition 5 assume 7
adapt 5 amphibian 5 assure -
adequate 5 analyze 5 asteroid 5
administer - ancestor 5 astonish 7
admiral 6 angle 5 astronaut 5
adobe 12 anteater 7 astronomy 9
advance 7 antenna 5 attain -
advantage 5 antibiotics 9 attempt 5
advertise 5 anticipate 5 attire 11
advise 6 antidote 4 attorney 6
Aegean - antique 5 Austin 4
affect 5 antler 7 Austria 7
affection 7 Appalachian 9 authority 5
afterward 7 appeal 7 automatic 11
agent 5 appliance 9 auxiliary -
aircraft 5 apply K available 5
airfield - appoint 6 avalanche 5
airman - appropriate 7 aviator 5
airstrip - apt 6 avocado 11
ajar 8 aqueduct - awning -
Albany 5 arbor - axis 6
alcohol 5 arc 6 azure -
algebra 12 arcade 7 bacteria 5

174 Appendix
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badger - bleak - broth -

badminton - blindfold 4 browse 6
bagpipe - blister - brunette -
bail 6 blockade 9 Brussels -
bait 4 blockhead - brute -
balsa 8 blockhouse - buck 8
Baltimore 6 blonde - buckskin -
ban 2 bloodhound - buff 11
bangle - blubber - bugle -
banister - bluebell - bulge 10
barber 7 bluff 10 bulk -
bareback 8 blunder - bulldoze -
barometer 7 blunt 5 burr -
baseboard - blur - bustle -
bashful 5 bob 1 butt 9
bass 7 bog - butterscotch -
basswood - bologna 7 cabinet 2
beacon 6 bonfire 5 cackle -
bedrock - bonny - cad 3
beech - boom 5 cafe 5
beeline - boomerang - cafeteria 5
Beijing 7 bosom - caffeine 9
belle - boxwood - calcium 5
bellhop - brace 2 calculate 7
bellow - bravo 7 calico 5
beret 10 Brazil 5 camel 4
berth - breathtaking 8 campus 5
beta 7 breed 10 canal 5
betray - briar - cancer 7
billfold - bridle 6 candidate 5
bind 6 bristle - cannibal 7
binoculars 12 Britain 5 cannon -
biology 7 brittle - canopy 10
birthmark - broil - canteen -
biscuit - bronco - canvas 4
bishop - brood K caravan 4

Appendix 175
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cardigan - chlorine 9 cockroach -

cargo 4 chlorophyll 5 coconut 3
Caribbean 5 chopsticks 4 coke 9
carousel - chowder 7 coleslaw 9
carp - chrome 5 coliseum -
cartilage - chrysanthemum - collapse 5
cartridge 7 chum - cologne -
cashew - chute 5 colon -
cask - cider - combat 5
casual - cinch - combine 9
catalogue - Cincinnati 5 comedy 7
catastrophe - cinnamon 5 commerce 7
cavalry 11 circuit 6 commonplace -
cease - circumference 7 commotion 5
celestial 5 cistern - companion 6
cellulose 7 citrus - compare 4
census 5 civil 5 compartment 7
ceramic 11 clad - compel -
ceremony 4 claim 5 compete 5
chafe - clamor 7 competent 4
chairman - clamp - complex 7
chalet - clan 5 complexion -
chamber 7 clash - complicate 10
chandelier 6 clause 11 compliment 5
chaps - clench - comprehend 9
charity 6 Cleveland 5 compute 11
charter 7 clinic 9 concave 11
chat 5 cloak 5 conceal 6
checkmate - clockwork - concern 5
chef 6 clog 7 conclude 11
chemistry 5 clot - concrete 6
chess 8 clothespin - condense 9
Cheyenne - clutter 8 confess 8
chime K coax - confetti -
chinaware - cobblestone 8 confident 5
chisel 2 cockpit - confirm 6

176 Appendix
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conflict 5 crane K damn -

confuse 7 crater 5 dandruff 7
congratulate - crave 8 dangle 9
congress 5 crayfish 5 dapple -
connect 7 crease 4 darling -
conquer 6 credit 7 data 5
conscious 5 crescendo - dazzle -
conserve 7 crescent 7 debt 4
considerate 6 crest - decay 5
consistent 7 cringe - decent 9
constant 5 crochet 7 deckhand 4
constitution 5 crock - declare 6
consult 5 crotch - decline 4
contact 5 croup - decoy 6
contract 5 cruise 5 dedicate 6
contrast 7 crumble 4 deed 11
contrite - crumple - defeat 5
convention 6 crutch - deflate -
convex 11 cubbyhole - defrost 5
convict - cubic 5 delay 5
cookout 5 cue 7 delicate 4
cornet - cuff - delta 5
cornucopia - cultivate 9 demand 5
corridor - culvert - democracy 7
corrugate - cuneiform - demolish -
corsage - curb - demon 7
cosmetics 8 curd - demonstrate 9
cottontail - curriculum - denim 9
couch 5 curse 9 Denmark -
counsel - cushion 4 dentistry 7
counterfeit 9 custody - depart 9
cove - cuticle - depress 9
covey - cutlass - descend 5
cowslip - cyclone - destiny -
coy - dagger - detect 7
crag - dame - determine 6

Appendix 177
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device 5 dominant 9 economics 5

devour - donate 7 edible 6
diagnose 5 doom 5 eel 5
diagonal - dope - eerie -
dialect - downfall 9 efficient 4
diameter 6 draft 5 Egypt 5
diaphragm - dragonfly - elect 5
differ 5 drake 7 embankment -
digest 6 drawl - emblem 10
dignity 7 dreary 6 embrace -
dike - drench 5 embroider -
diminish 11 droop - emerald 6
dingo - dry goods - emphasis 9
diploma - duchess - employ 6
discount 6 duct 7 encourage 5
disease 4 dude - enrich 4
disgrace 9 due 6 environment 4
disk - duet - envy 5
dismal 4 dugout - epidemic 4
dismiss 8 dumbbell - episode 6
dispatch 9 dungarees - equation 7
display 6 durable 5 equip -
dispose 4 dusk - essence -
dispute 4 duty 5 essential 7
distinct 4 dwindle - eternity 9
distinguish 12 dye 5 Ethiopia -
distress 10 dynamite 9 eventual -
divorce - earl 7 exaggerate 9
document 7 earnest 9 exceed 9
doe - earphone - excel 10
dogie - earshot - excess 5
dogwood - easel - expedition 5
doily - eaves - explode -
dolphin 5 ebb - exponent -
dolt - eclipse 6 export 5
domestic 7 ecology 11 expose 6

178 Appendix
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exterior 5 flapjack - frail 4

extinct 5 flatter - frantic 5
extinguish 10 flaw 9 fraternity -
eyepiece - flax - fray 11
fable 11 fleece 7 freak -
fabric 8 flex - freight 6
fabulous 3 flick - frequent 5
fad 8 flimsy - frill -
falter - flint 7 fringe 6
fang - flora 12 frolic -
fantastic 5 floss - frontier 5
fare 5 flounder - fume 6
farewell 7 flue - function 6
fatal 6 fluke - fund 5
fate 6 fluorescent 7 funnel 6
fathom 4 focus 7 furl -
feature 6 foe 6 fury -
federal 5 fond 7 fuss -
fend - foothill 10 gag 5
fender 9 fore - gain 5
ferment 5 forecast 6 galaxy 6
ferret 5 foreman - gale 5
fertile 6 forge 10 gallant -
fertilize - forklift - gape -
fever 7 forlorn - gardenia -
fiber - formal 5 gargle -
fiddle - former 6 garland -
fidget - formula 4 garlic 7
fig - fortress 11 garrison -
figurehead - foster 5 gauge 5
filter 5 foundation 5 gazelle -
filth 5 fourscore - gee 7
firearms - foxglove - gel -
fizz - fracas - gem 5
flair - fragment 4 generate 9
Flanders - fragrant 6 genius 6

Appendix 179
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genuine 9 grumble 4 hitchhike -

geology 12 guilt 7 hoarse 5
geometry 11 gush - hobble -
Gettysburg 5 gust 4 hog -
geyser - gutter 4 hogan -
ghetto - guzzle - hoist 5
glade - habitat - homely -
gland - halt 2 homestead 8
gleam 2 halter - honeydew -
glee - hamper - honeymoon -
glory 9 handicap 8 honeysuckle -
gloss - hare 8 hopper -
gnash 10 hark - horde -
gob - harness - horizon 5
gorge 6 haste 5 hornet 9
govern 6 haunt 7 horsepower 5
grandstand 6 haven 12 hostile 7
granite 5 haze 5 hourglass -
grasp 6 headset 5 howdy -
gratitude 6 headstone - hue 7
grave - hearth 7 hummingbird -
gravel 5 heathen - hump 11
Greece 5 hectic 9 humus -
grenade - hedgehog - hurricane 4
grief 5 heir - husk -
grim 6 heirloom 8 hydroelectric 11
grime 8 helter-skelter - hypothesis 7
grit - hereby - identity 5
groggy - herewith - ignorant 6
groove - heroine - ignore 4
grope - heron 7 illegal 11
gross 9 herring 5 illustrate 9
grout - hexagon - immune -
grove 6 hickory - imp 3
grub - highness - implement 7
gruff 7 hilarious 9 import 5

180 Appendix
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impress 7 invert - lacrosse -

impulse 9 invest 9 lag 2
incense 6 investigate 6 lair -
incident 5 invoice - landlord 4
incline 11 involve 5 landmark 8
include 7 ion 7 lapse -
income 5 Iran 7 larkspur -
independent 5 irritate 9 latex -
India 4 Israel 9 lather -
infant 6 issue 5 latitude 6
infantry - jab - latter -
infect - jackass - lattice 5
inferior 6 jailbird - laurel 4
inform 7 jealous 5 league 6
informal 5 jest 5 leash 5
inhabit - jiffy - lecture 8
inhale - jitter - legal 6
initial 4 jog 5 lend 4
injure 6 johnnycake - lest -
inland 5 jot - Lexington 5
inlet - jumbo - license 7
input 11 juvenile 4 linen 5
inquire - katydid 5 liner -
insert 8 kayak 11 linger 7
inspire 8 keen 7 link 7
install 6 keg - linoleum -
instinct 6 kelp - lisp -
insult 7 kerchief - literature 5
integer - khaki 7 litmus 5
intense 6 kidnap 10 livelihood 5
intent 7 kiln - loam -
interior 5 kinetic 5 lob -
intermediate 11 knack - lobe 9
interpret 6 knead - local 5
intersect 6 knight 6 locomotive 3
interview 5 knob 5 locust 6

Appendix 181
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loft 11 mason 5 mole 6

longitude 6 masquerade 6 molecule 5
loot - mass 4 molt -
lottery 6 mature 9 monarch 12
Louisville 5 mayonnaise - monastery -
lounge - meditate - Montgomery 5
loyal 4 Mediterranean 4 monument 7
lozenge - medley 11 moreover 5
lumberjack 5 meek 5 mortal -
lung - mellow 5 mortgage 4
lunge - merchant 7 motto 7
luxury 9 mercy 4 mourn 5
lye - merit 4 mucus 5
lyric - midst 11 multitude 6
magenta - midway 8 municipal 7
mainland 10 migrate 4 mural 6
mainstay - mildew - murder 11
maize - military 5 murky -
majesty - millipede - murmur -
mallard - mimic 8 muskrat 7
malt 3 mineral 5 mustang -
mammoth 5 miniature 10 muster -
manganese - minister 5 mute -
manicure - mink - muzzle -
manor 7 minority 8 nag -
mansion 7 minuet - naval 5
mantel - miracle 4 navigate 6
manual 7 mischief - nectar 5
mar 9 missile 5 negative 2
mare 7 mistress - neigh -
marine 6 mite - neon 5
marionette 12 mob 9 network 9
maroon 7 mockingbird - neutral 7
marsh 9 modify 8 nevertheless 7
marvelous 6 module - Niagara -
masculine 9 molasses 7 nicknack -

182 Appendix
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Nigeria 5 ornate 9 parliament 5

nigh 11 orphan - parlor -
nightfall 7 otherwise 6 parole -
Nile 5 outcome 7 participle 9
noble 9 outlaw 6 pastel 9
nominate - outlet 6 pasteurize -
normal 5 outline 5 pastime 9
nostril - outpost - pastor -
notify 7 outsmart - pastry 7
nourish - outstanding 5 patty -
nuclear 6 outward 6 payroll 9
nude - ovary 7 peal -
nugget - overboard - peat -
null - overcast 7 pecan -
obsidian - overcome 5 peculiar 7
obstacle 6 overlook 5 peg 1
obstruct - overwhelm 7 pellet 9
obtain 6 oxide 7 pelt 10
obvious 5 oyster 8 penalty 11
occasion 5 pace 6 penicillin 4
occupy 4 paddy - peninsula 11
octagon - Pakistan - penmanship 8
octave - palette - pentagon 6
octopus 5 pamphlet 5 pep -
offend - panel 6 per 4
official 5 panic 8 percent 5
offset - panorama - perform 3
offshore - panther 6 perish 6
ointment 9 paperback 5 permanent 5
Olympic 5 parakeet 9 perpendicular 5
omelet 5 parallel 5 personal 5
opal - paralyze - perspire -
opera 8 parasite 7 Peru 6
opossum - parasol - petroleum 6
opponent 5 parchment - phantom -
origin 5 Paris 5 pharmacy 6

Appendix 183
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photograph 6 Portugal 5 promote 7

physical 5 posh - prop -
physician 5 posse - propel 5
pierce 5 potion - prophet -
pigment - Potomac - prospector 8
pimple - pouch 5 protein 4
pinafore - pounce - proverb 11
pinball 7 pout 5 province -
ping 5 poverty 3 prune -
pinto 5 powder 5 pry -
pitchfork - powwow - pucker -
pith - precise 6 pudgy -
Pittsburgh 5 pregnant 11 pueblo 4
plague - premium - pug -
plaid - preserve 5 pulpit -
plank - previous 6 puma -
plaque 5 prey 5 pumice -
platypus 7 price 3 pun 9
pliers 6 prick - puny -
plod - priest 5 purchase 4
plume - prime 6 puritan 8
plunder 9 primer - pursue 5
plunge 9 primitive 7 putty -
plunk - principle 7 pygmy -
plywood - privilege 9 quaint 9
poach - pro 7 quality 4
poker - probable 5 quantity 8
Poland 5 probe 11 quarterback 5
polio - proceed - quartz 11
politics 5 procession 5 Quebec 3
polo 6 profession 5 quill 5
pompom - profile - quirk -
pope - profit 4 rabies -
porcelain 6 project 4 radiate -
pore 9 projector 6 radium -
portion 8 promenade - radius 5

184 Appendix
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ragweed - reserve 8 runway 5

raid 7 resin - rustic -
ramshackle 7 resist 6 Sacramento 9
rank 5 resort 6 sacred 5
rap 5 resource 3 saint 6
rapids 11 restore 4 Salem 3
rascal - retina - saliva 5
rash 7 reverse 7 salon 9
rate 4 revise - saloon 8
raven - revolt 5 Salt Lake City -
ravine 6 revolver - salute 6
reap 4 rickety 7 sandpaper 7
rebel 5 ridicule - saucy -
recent 5 rim 7 savage 6
reckless 5 rind - scab -
recommend 6 risk 4 scamp -
recorder 6 rival 5 scan 8
recreation 6 roan - scarce 5
recycle 7 role 5 scarlet 6
reek - Rome 5 scheme 5
refer 4 romp 5 scholar -
reflect 4 rookie - scoff -
regal 9 roost 6 scorch 8
register 6 roster - scorn 11
rehearse 2 rotate 6 Scotland 5
reign 7 rouge 7 scourge -
rejoice 9 rubbish 4 scrap 6
relay 4 rubble 11 scrawl -
release 7 ruckus - scrawny -
relish 5 rudder 5 screech -
render - ruddy - script 5
repel 5 rugged 6 scuffle -
republic 5 rumble 11 scurvy -
require 5 rumor - sediment 5
resemble 4 rump - seep -
resent 11 rumpus - segment 5

Appendix 185
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semester 7 skull 5 sorrow 5

senate 5 skyline - spatter -
senior 5 slack - spearmint -
serene 7 slat - sperm 9
session 8 slate 4 sphinx -
severe 5 slaughter 7 spine 6
shaft - slay - spinster -
shamble - slingshot - spire 7
shank - slink - spirit 5
shark 5 slit - splendid 9
shatter 7 sliver - spool 11
sheaf - slogan 6 spout -
shear 11 slope 5 sprawl 5
sheath 7 slosh - sprig -
shield 6 slot 2 Springfield -
shilling - slum 11 sprint 6
shimmer - slump 8 spruce -
shin 2 slush 6 spurt 12
shingle 5 smelt - squadron -
showdown - smirk - squall -
shriek 6 smug - squelch -
shrivel - snapper 5 squint 5
shudder 7 snapshot - stab -
shun - snare 5 stadium 5
sieve 9 snarl - stag -
silicon - sneer - stagger -
silkworm - snorkel - stake 5
silt 6 snout 5 stamina 7
sincere 5 snuggle 4 stammer -
singe - society 6 stampede 6
sire - sod - stanza -
site 6 sodium 9 starboard -
sketch 10 sole 2 starch 4
skipper 4 solemn 7 stateroom -
skirmish - solution 6 static 5
skit 6 somber 7 stead -

186 Appendix
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stereo 8 sulk - temperate 6

sterile 11 sultan - tempest -
stern - summary 9 tempo -
stile - summit 6 temporary 6
stilt - sundial - tempt 5
stimulate 9 superb 10 tense 5
stingray - superlative 11 term 4
stirrup 6 supernatural 6 terminal 6
stoke - superstition 6 terrain 4
stomp - supreme 5 terrific 7
stoop 9 surf 7 terry 6
strangle - surgery 7 testament -
strategy 6 survey 5 testimony -
stratosphere 9 survive 5 textile 7
stray 7 swagger - thatch 6
streetcar - swap - theater 5
stress 5 swarm 8 theme 5
strife 11 swash - theory 7
strut - swoop - thermal 6
stub 7 swordfish - thicket -
stud - symmetry 5 thigh -
studio 5 sympathy 7 thrash -
stun - symptom 7 threat 5
stunt 5 taffy - thresh -
stutter - tang 12 thrive 11
style 5 tangerine - throb 7
submerge 5 tangle - throng -
subscribe - tar 7 thunderbolt -
subsist - target 4 thunderhead -
suburb 5 tariff - tidings -
suds - tart 7 tidy -
suede - tatter 11 tile 5
suicide - tawny - timber 6
suite 10 tax 4 tinderbox -
suitor - teat - tinge 10
sulfur 7 technology 5 tinkle -

Appendix 187
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tissue 5 trumpet 5 vanilla 6

tobacco 7 tuber - vanish 5
toffee - tuft - variety 6
toil - tugboat - varnish -
toll 2 tumor 11 vast 5
tomb 5 tuna 5 vat 5
tornado 4 tundra 7 vault -
torpedo 6 turban - Venezuela -
tortilla - turf 7 vengeance -
tot 6 turnout - Venice 5
totem 5 turquoise 5 vent -
tour 3 twain 5 ventriloquist -
tradition 5 twang - verge -
transistor - tweezers - verify 9
translate 4 twitch 4 vermilion -
transplant 11 udder - verse 6
transport 5 underbrush - vertebrate 5
trapezoid - underdog - vertical 5
treaty 6 undergo 10 Vesuvius -
tremendous 6 undergrowth - victim 5
trench 5 underworld 8 vigor -
trespass 9 unicycle 7 vineyard -
tributary 8 unite 9 viola -
tribute - university 6 violent 6
trice - unravel - virgin -
trigger - upholster - virus 9
trill - uproar 6 visible 7
trillion - uranium 6 vision 5
triple 9 urban 5 visor -
triumph - urge 4 vital 7
trooper - usher 7 vitamin 4
tropics 6 vaccine - vivid 10
trough 5 vacuum 11 void 11
troupe 11 vain 5 volley -
trout 5 Vancouver - vow -
trudge 4 vandal - wad -

188 Appendix
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wallet 4 whist - yacht -

wallflower - whittle 5 yank -
walnut - whop - yearling -
wand - wield - yelp -
wardrobe - wine 4 yield 1
warehouse 5 wit 7 yip -
warp 9 withdraw 5 yodel 5
wart - wither 5 yonder -
waylay - withstand - Yosemite -
weapon 5 witness 2 youngster 9
weave 9 wobble - yowl -
weird 7 woodchuck - Yugoslavia 5
werewolf 7 woodwind 5 Yukon -
wheeze - workshop 6 zigzag 7
whereas 9 wren 7 zinc 6
whiplash - wring -

Appendix 189
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SIXTH GRADE
abbot - alien 9 assault 7
abduct 10 Allegheny - associate -
abreast - ally 9 astrology 9
abrupt 7 alpha 7 Athens 5
abscess - alter 6 attribute -
abstain - alternate 6 auction 6
abstract 7 amateur - audio -
absurd 6 Amazon 7 audition -
abundant 6 ambiguous - authentic 6
academy 9 amethyst - avail -
accelerate - amnesia 9 aviation 9
accommodate - ample 6 Babylon 6
accord - Amsterdam - bachelor 6
achieve 5 amuck - backfire -
acknowledge 9 analogy - backhand -
acquaint 7 anemone 9 Baghdad -
acquire 9 animate 9 balk -
acropolis - anonymous - ballot 7
acute 6 anthracite - bandanna -
adept - antic - barb -
adhesive 7 apostle - barge 6
Adirondacks - appall - barley 7
adjacent 6 apparatus 12 baron -
adore 8 apparel 10 barracks 7
aerial - apparent 5 barren 6
affix 4 appendix 7 barricade 7
afflict - apprentice 6 barrier 6
aggregate - aqua - basis 6
agile 7 Arabia 5 baste 11
airborne - arachnid 6 bauxite 7
airway - arid 11 bazaar 6
alas - arsenal - bearing 11
albatross 10 arson - beckon 6
Alexandria - ascend 6 bedlam 7
Algeria - asphalt 7 beforehand 9

190 Appendix
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behalf - boon - calamity 7

Belgium 5 Bosporus - calligraphy -
Belgrade - boulevard 7 Cambodia -
benefit 5 bounds - Cambridge 5
beriberi - bowel - camouflage 8
Berlin 5 boycott 6 campaign 5
beryllium 6 bracket - Canterbury -
beset - brainstorm - caption -
bestow - bran 9 captive -
beverage 3 brawn - Caracas -
bevy - bray - carbonate -
bias - breadwinner - carcass -
biceps - breakwater - caress -
bicuspid - bribe - Carthage -
billboard - brigade - cascade 11
bin - brink 7 caste -
binary - broadcast 5 category 7
bisect - broadside - cathedral 7
bison 9 broker 6 causeway -
bizarre 11 bromine - Ceylon -
blab - Bronx - champagne -
blackhead - Brooklyn 4 Charleston 5
blacktop 6 Brownsville - Charlotte 7
blare - Bulgaria - chasm -
bleach - bumble - chaste -
blemish - bungalow - chauffeur -
blight - bungle - Chesapeake -
blimp - bunker - Chile 6
boarder 7 bunt - Chinook -
bobcat 8 burden 11 chivalry -
Bohemia - bureau 9 cholesterol 9
Bolivia 6 burly - chromatic -
bolt 9 Burma - chronology -
bonbon - busboy - cigarette -
bond 6 byway - cinema -
bondage 7 Cairo 5 circumstance 9

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civic - conform 11 creed -

clapboard - confound - Crete -
clarify 11 congest - crevice -
clarity 9 conglomerate 5 crimson 7
classic 9 conquest 5 crinkle -
cleft - conscience 7 cripple -
clerk 6 consecutive 8 crisis 6
client 10 consent 10 crisscross -
climax 8 consequence - criteria 9
clinch - console - croquet -
clod - conspicuous 9 crossroad -
cloves - constable - crucial -
cobalt - Constantinople - crude 6
cock - consume 11 Cuba 5
collide 6 contaminate 7 cud -
Colombia - contempt - cult -
colonel 6 context - cunning 6
Columbia 9 contingent - curfew -
coma 7 contour 7 currency 8
combustion 9 contraption - cutter 7
commission 9 contribute 5 czar -
commit 6 convent - Czechoslovakia -
compact 7 converse 7 dainty -
compatible - convey 6 dale -
compress - Copenhagen - Danube -
comprise - cornerstone - daub -
con 10 corps 9 Dayton 3
conceit 7 corporal - deacon -
conceive - corpse 9 dean 4
concept 9 corrode - debate 5
concussion - corrupt 11 debris -
condemn 7 cosmos - debut -
conduct 12 countenance - decade 9
confederate 6 cowlick - deceive 7
confer - cramp - decode 7
confide - crankshaft - decor -

192 Appendix
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decree - discreet - eccentric 7

deduct - discriminate - ecru -
defect 9 disgust 7 ecstasy -
deflect - dismay 5 Ecuador 9
deft - disrupt 6 eddy -
defy - dissect 8 Edinburgh -
deject - distort - eggplant -
delegate 7 distract 10 ego -
delinquent 11 district 6 eject 11
delirious 7 ditto - elaborate 5
denounce - ditty - elder 6
deplete - divine - elevate 6
derby - doctrine - eligible 7
dermis 6 doldrums - eliminate 7
derrick 5 domain 9 eloquent 7
despair 7 don 6 embark 9
despise - dormant - ember -
despite 6 dormer - embryo -
detach 7 dormitory 10 emotion 7
detail 7 dose - enamel 8
detain - dour - endure 7
deteriorate - douse - enforce 9
devastate 7 Dover - engage 6
devise - draftsperson - enigma -
dialogue 7 drastic 7 ensemble -
diction 11 dredge - enterprise 9
diesel 7 drone 6 entity -
diligent 7 drudge - entrust -
dilute - dub - enzyme -
dinghy - Dublin - equilibrium 11
dingy 6 dunk - erect 7
diphtheria - duplicate - erode 8
diplomat 7 duration 12 escort -
dire - dwell - estate 11
discard 9 dynamic 7 estuary -
discharge 6 eavesdrop - etch -

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eternal - firefly 9 fuse -

eucalyptus 8 fireproof - gadget 7
Eugene 7 fixture 9 gaggle -
Euphrates 6 fjord - gait 9
evaluate 11 flagship - gallery 6
evergreen 6 flank 9 gamble -
evident 7 flaunt - garb 7
evolve - fleet 10 garment 9
excavate 11 flinch - garnish -
excerpt 7 floe - gash -
exclude - florist 9 gaunt -
execute 7 flounce - gauntlet -
expand 7 flourish 6 gawky -
exquisite 9 fluent - gene 7
external 9 flurry - generation 7
extract 7 foliage 9 genesis -
extreme 6 fondle - genetic 7
eyesore - foresee 6 Geneva -
Fairbanks - format 9 ghastly 7
fallow 7 fracture 6 ghoul -
famine 7 fragile 7 Gibraltar -
fanatic 9 frank 7 giddy -
fantasy 7 fraught - gill -
fatigue 6 frenzy - gimmick 9
feat 7 fright - gin -
feeble 6 frigid - ginger 12
feldspar - frisk - gingerly 12
ferocious 7 fro 7 gladiator -
fester - frogman 7 glean -
fiancé froth - glen K
fickle 6 fugitive 9 glimmer -
filament 12 fulfill - glint -
fillet - fullback 7 glockenspiel -
finance 7 fundamental 7 Gloucester -
Finland - funeral 7 glower -
firebox 4 furrow - glucose 7

194 Appendix
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gnat - harpsichord 10 hover -

gneiss - hash - hub -
goblet - haughty 9 huff -
goo 4 Havana 7 Hungary 7
gorgeous 7 headlong - hurdle 8
gourd 6 headwaters - hurl 6
graft 6 headway - hustle -
grant 7 Helena 11 hybrid -
graphite - helm - hydraulic -
greed 7 hemlock 6 hyena -
Greenwich - hemoglobin - hygiene -
gripe - hemp - hyperbole -
grotesque - hence 7 hypnosis -
grudge 9 herb 5 identical 6
gruel - heredity 7 idiom -
grueling - heretofore - idol -
Guam - hermit 7 igneous 5
guarantee 7 hideous - illuminate -
guardian 6 hijack - immaculate -
Guatemala 5 hilt - immense 6
Guiana - Himalayas 12 impact 9
guillotine - hinder 7 impair 7
guinea 8 Hiroshima - impertinent -
gulch - hither - impose 12
hack - hitherto - imprint 3
hag - hoard - improvise 7
Haiti 5 Hollywood 6 incentive 11
hale - homer 7 incubate -
halfback - homograph - indicate 6
hammerhead 6 homophone - indigo -
handiwork 10 honeycomb 6 Indonesia -
hanker - hospitality - induce 11
haphazard 11 host 7 inert -
hardship 5 hostage 9 infer -
Harlem - hothouse - inferno -
harmony 7 hovel - influenza -

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infringe - jeer 6 leech 11

ingredient 7 jeopardy - legacy -
inherit - jetliner 6 legible 10
initiate - jinx - legion 8
inject - jockey 7 legume -
inoculate - jolt - Leipzig -
instance 6 jounce - leisure 7
institute 8 jumble - levy -
insulate - jury 6 liable 7
insure 7 jut 5 liberal 9
interfere 7 jute - lice 11
intern - Kenya 12 lichen 9
internal 7 keynote - lieutenant 11
interval 7 Kiev 4 ligament -
intricate 12 Kilimanjaro - likewise 8
intrigue - kindle 11 limelight -
invade - kink - limerick 7
invaluable - knapsack 6 lingerie -
Iraq 12 knoll 11 linseed -
Ireland 11 Korea 12 liquor -
iridescent - krypton - listless 7
isolate 6 Labrador 12 livid -
isthmus - lacquer 11 lodestone -
italics - lagoon 9 logic 7
ivory - Lancaster - lore -
ivy 8 lance - lubricate -
jackal - landholder - lug -
jade - landscape 5 lukewarm -
jalopy - Laos - lull -
Jamaica 5 lard - luminous -
jamb - Laredo - lure 5
Jamestown 4 lasagna 8 lurk -
jangle - laser 7 lush 9
Java 5 lateral - luster -
javelin 9 lax 7 lute -
jazz 6 Lebanon 12 Luxembourg -

196 Appendix
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lyre - merge 6 moron -

madam 7 meridian 7 morsel -
mademoiselle 9 Mesopotamia - mortar 10
Madrid 5 metamorphosis 10 mortuary -
magnesium 11 metaphor 10 mosaic -
majority 7 metropolis - motive 7
makeshift - mica 6 muck -
malaria - microbe - muddle -
Malaysia - migrant 9 muffle 7
Manchester 3 mil 10 musket -
Manchuria - Milan 6 mutton -
mandolin - miller 11 mystify -
mangle - mimeograph - mythology 7
Manhattan - mince - naive 9
mania - minimum 8 Nantucket -
mantis - mint 5 nape -
manuscript - mirth - Naples -
marathon 9 misery 12 narcotic -
marksman - mishap 5 natal -
marvel 6 mistletoe 12 nausea -
massacre - moat - neglect 7
massage - mobile - negotiate -
massive 6 molar - nerve 7
mate 6 molest - Newcastle -
matinee 7 Mongol - Newfoundland -
mauve - Mongolia - nick 3
maximum 9 monk - nip -
maze 11 monogram - nobleman 7
media 7 monopoly 6 noose -
median 10 monsoon - norm -
medieval - Monterrey - Normandy -
Melbourne 7 Montreal 4 noteworthy -
membrane 9 moor - Nottingham -
memo 6 moral 7 notwithstanding -
menace 7 morgue - novice 11
mere - Morocco - nuisance 6

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nutmeg - parson - pledge 6

nutrient 9 particle 9 pluck -
nymph 5 passion - plush 9
obstinate - patriarch - ply 11
obverse - peasant 6 pock -
odor 5 peddle - polecat -
offhand - pedestal - ponder -
offspring 12 pedestrian 9 populate -
onslaught - pedigree - pork 6
Ontario 5 pemmican - porter -
opaque 6 pendant 9 portray 7
oral K perceive 11 pose 8
ordeal 11 perch - possess 6
ore 7 peril - potassium -
organism 5 persecute - potent -
Oslo - persist 12 potential 5
osmosis - persuade 6 Prague -
outback - petite - prance -
outboard 9 petition 7 predicament -
outlandish - petrify - predict 6
outlying 11 petty 6 preen -
outrage - pew - preface 7
outwit - phenomenon 8 premises 7
ovation - Philippines 8 preside -
overrun - philosophy 7 presto -
overseas - phosphorus 11 prevail -
overtake 7 phylum 10 prim -
pamper - pickpocket - probation 6
pang - pier 6 prod -
pantomime 6 pinnacle - progress 7
par - pinpoint - prohibit 7
parabola - piston - prominent 7
paradise - pitfall - prompt 12
Paraguay 10 plankton 5 prone 11
pare - plantation 7 proportion 6
parsley 6 plea 7 propose 6

198 Appendix
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prose 12 redcap - Rhine -

prosecute - redeem - rift 11
prospect 11 reef 8 rig -
prosper - reel 5 rigor 7
prow - referee 7 riot -
psalm - reform - rivet -
puck - refrain - robust -
pulp - refresh 8 rodent -
purge - refugee 6 romance 12
puss - refund 7 rotor -
putt - regime - Rotterdam -
Pyrenees 7 regiment 6 rouse -
quake 9 regulate 7 ruffian -
quintet - rehabilitate - rummage -
rabbi - reject 12 rumple -
rack - relic - rupture -
radioactive 9 remedy 7 russet -
raffle 7 remorse - rut -
Rainier - repeal 7 rye 9
ram 9 repent 11 sacrifice 6
ramble - repute - Salvador -
random 9 request 7 sane -
ransack - reside 7 Saskatchewan -
ransom 10 resolve 6 Savannah 5
rant 1 respire - savor -
rape - restrain 11 sawhorse -
ratio 4 restrict 7 scald -
rational 11 retail 6 scallop -
rave - retain 7 scepter -
ravel - retard 9 schooner 6
rawhide - retire 6 scope -
react - retort - scoundrel 7
ream - retreat - scour -
reciprocal 6 retrieve - scrag -
reckon - revenge 6 scribe -
recollect - revolve 6 scroll -

Appendix 199
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scruff - sledge - squid -

scurry 10 sleek 8 squire -
scuttle - slither - standard 5
scythe 6 slouch - starling -
seaway - sluice - statesman 7
sect - slur - stationary 10
sedan 9 smallpox 11 stature 6
seminary - smolder - stave -
septic - smut - steed -
sequence 6 snag - steeplechase -
sequin - snuff - stein 5
serenade 7 socket 9 stellar -
sergeant 7 solder - stench -
serpent 9 solitude 6 stencil -
serum - sophomore - steppe -
shabby 7 soprano - stevedore -
shackle - sorcery - stifle -
shanty - soul 10 stigma -
sheen - souse - Stockholm -
sheer 11 spade - stout 11
shipshape - span 7 straddle -
shoddy - Sparta - strand 9
shortcake - spawn - strongbox -
shrine 7 specify - stronghold 7
shuttle 5 spectrum 5 stucco -
Siberia - speculate - stupor -
Sicily - spellbound 7 subdue 6
sickle 9 spew - sublime -
siege - spindle - submit 7
silhouette - spinet - substitute 6
silo - spleen - subtle 9
simmer - splint - succulent -
sine - splotch - sue 2
sinew - splurge - suffocate -
sinister 5 spry 9 sullen -
sizzle - squabble 12 sultry -

200 Appendix
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summon - terminate - treacherous -

sunspot 9 Thailand 12 tread 6
superintendent - therapy 9 treason -
supervise - thermostat - trellis -
supplement 9 thesaurus 6 tress 6
surge 8 thorough 9 trial 6
surplus 7 threshold 11 tribune -
surrender - throne 12 trifle -
suspend 9 throttle - trigonometry -
suspense - thrust 6 trolley -
swab - tiara - truant -
swath - tier - tuberculosis -
Sweden 6 titter - tungsten -
swerve 12 toddle - turbine 9
swivel - toggle - turmoil 10
Sydney 10 token - turpentine 9
symphony 5 tolerate 10 tusk 6
synagogue 6 tonic - tutor 6
synthetic 6 topaz - twilight -
Syria - topple - twinge -
Tacoma - torment - typhoon -
tailor 7 torrent - tyrant 5
talc - torture 7 uncanny 7
tallow 10 totter - underhanded -
tally 8 tournament 9 unique 6
talon - towhead - unison -
tangible - trait 9 urchin 12
tapestry 11 traitor - urn 11
tarnish 7 trance - utensil 11
taut - tranquil - utmost 6
taxidermy - transfer 2 utter -
teak - transform - vagabond -
technique 6 transfusion - vague 6
teller 7 transmit 8 valid 6
tenant - transparent 5 valise -
tendon - travail - valor -

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valve 6 vise - whiskey -

vaudeville - vocal 6 wholesale 6
velocity 8 volt 7 wholesome 6
vendor 9 vomit - wicket -
veneer - vulgar - Williamsburg 7
venom 9 wafer - wilt 7
ventricle 12 wage 9 windfall -
venture 9 Wales - windlass -
verbal 9 wallop - wisecrack -
verdict 7 warble - woe -
version 7 ward 10 wombat 5
versus - warden 9 worthwhile 9
veteran 9 warfare 7 wrath -
vice 9 Warsaw 12 wrench 7
vicinity 7 wary 11 wrought -
vicious 5 watercress - wry 7
victor 6 waterlog - yam -
Vienna 10 watershed - yearn -
Vietnam 12 watt 7 yoga -
vigil - welt - yule -
villa 11 whereupon - zest 7
villain - whisk -

202 Appendix