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Thermal Imaging

Thermal imaging, also known as thermography, uses infrared cameras to visualize and measure heat signatures. Infrared light is divided into three regions - near, mid, and far infrared. Far infrared, which ranges from 3-30 microns, is also called the thermal infrared region and is what thermal cameras detect. Thermal cameras work by converting infrared light into an electrical signal, amplifying the signal, and then converting it back into an infrared image. Thermal imaging has advantages like detecting temperature differences over large areas in real-time but also limitations like requiring emissivity corrections and only detecting surface temperatures. Thermal imaging has applications in fields like maritime, medical, research, law enforcement, and monitoring of industrial equipment.

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Kaustubh Rajwade
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6K views21 pages

Thermal Imaging

Thermal imaging, also known as thermography, uses infrared cameras to visualize and measure heat signatures. Infrared light is divided into three regions - near, mid, and far infrared. Far infrared, which ranges from 3-30 microns, is also called the thermal infrared region and is what thermal cameras detect. Thermal cameras work by converting infrared light into an electrical signal, amplifying the signal, and then converting it back into an infrared image. Thermal imaging has advantages like detecting temperature differences over large areas in real-time but also limitations like requiring emissivity corrections and only detecting surface temperatures. Thermal imaging has applications in fields like maritime, medical, research, law enforcement, and monitoring of industrial equipment.

Uploaded by

Kaustubh Rajwade
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THERMAL IMAGING

What is thermal imaging?


 Thermal Imaging is the means by which
humans enable themselves to see in the
infrared portion of the spectrum of light.
 Type of infra-red imaging science.
 Also known as ‘Thermography’ or ‘Infra-red
Thermography’.
Basics of Light
 Energy is
inversely
proportional to
wavelength.
 Violet has the
most energy and
red has the
least.
Infra-red region
Divided into three regions:-
I. Near-Infrared Region:
 Closest to visible light.
 Wavelengths ranging from 0.7 to 1.3 microns.
II. Mid-Infrared Region:
 Wavelengths ranging from 1.3 to 3 microns.
for example: remote control
III. Far-Infrared Region:
 Largest component of the infra-red spectrum
 Wavelengths ranging from 3 to over 30 microns.
 Also called as thermal infra-red region.
Physics of emissivity
Absorbed
Incident
light

Transmitted

Reflected

Incident Energy = Emitted Energy + Transmitted Energy +


Reflected Energy
100%= Emitted % + Reflected % +Transmitted %
Active & Passive Thermography
AT PT
Open Flame Induction heating
Air stream Pressure
Current Microwaves
Man-made light Man-made light
Sunlight
Construction & Working
Construction and Working
Conversion to Electric
1.) EMR
Electricity current

2.) Electric Amplified


Amplification
current current

3.) Amplified Conversion to


EMR
current EMR
Photo-Cathodes
 A negatively charged electrode used for
light detection.
 Coated with a photo-sensitive material
 When struck by light, the absorbed energy
results in electron emission (Photo-electric
Effect)
Ex : Compounds of Ga, As, Cs, Sb, Na.
Photo-electric effect
 The photoelectric effect is the emission, or
ejection, of electrons from the surface of,
generally, a metal in response to incident
light.
Photo Multiplier tubes
 Extremely sensitive detectors of light that multiply
the current produced by incident light.
Temperature Calibration
Advantages
 It shows a visual picture so temperatures over a large
area can be compared.
 It is capable of catching moving targets in real time
 It can be used to measure or observe in areas.
inaccessible or hazardous for other methods .
 It can be used to find defects in shafts, pipes, and other
metal or plastic parts .
 It can be used to see better in dark areas .
Limitations
 Due to the low volume of thermal cameras, quality
cameras often have a high price range .
 Images can be difficult to interpret accurately when
based upon certain objects, specifically objects with
erratic temperatures, although this problem is reduced in
active thermal imaging.
 Accurate temperature measurements are hindered by
differing emissivities and reflections from other surface.
 Most cameras have ±2% accuracy or worse and are not
as accurate as contact methods.
 Only able to directly detect surface temperatures.
Maintenance &
Monitoring

Maritime & Navigation Medical Imaging

Applications
Volcanology &
Research
Geological surveys

Law enforcement Night vision


Future applications

 The latest trend in imaging systems is the combining of


imaging cameras to the power of the personal computer
(PC).
 The electronics are contained on a card which can plug
directly into the computer and take advantage of the high
resolution display, processing capability and mass
storage. The camera connects directly to a port on the
computer.
 The cost overhead associated with separate displays,
separate memory and enclosures is thus avoided.
References

1. Infra-red Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Applications-


Barbara Stuart, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Wiley Publications

2. Hand book of Analytical Instruments- R.S. Khandpur, Tata


McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd.

3. Biomedical Instrumentation- R.S. Khandpur, Tata McGraw Hill


Publishing Company Ltd.

4. Practical application of IR techniques – Ricardo Vanzetti.

5. Thermal Imaging techniques – P.E Glaser


Thank you

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