MEC201

Mechanics of Solids

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Review of Statics

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Structures
• This course is concerned with structures.

A structure is a solid object or

assembly. A structure connects
components, carries loads, provides
form and integrity.

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 Structures

Wright Flyer, 1903 F22, 2002

Mosquito 1943 Vijay

Bridges

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Trusses

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Trusses

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Tall Structures

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Roofs

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Legs

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How to solve problems:
1. Good sketches.
• Labelled coordinate system.
• Labelled dimensions and forces.
2. Show your thought process.
3. Follow all conventions.

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How to solve problems...

4. Solve everything symbolically until the end.

5. Check answer ⇒ Does it make sense?
• Check trends.
• Check units.
6. Plug in to get answers.

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Concept of Force

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Concept of Force
• Newton’s First Law:

A body continues in a state of rest or

uniform motion in a straight path unless a
force is used to disturb it.

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Concept of force
• An apple drops to earth from a tree.
• The braking parachutes of MIG-29

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Concept of Force
• Changing direction

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Concept of Force
• Object in a circular path

 

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Concept of Force

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Concept of Force

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Concept of Force

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Concept of Force
Third Law:

For every action, there is an equal and

opposite reaction.

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Concept of Force
Consequence of the Third Law:
• Forces always exist in pairs, with two
bodies involved in it.

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Concept of Force
• Contact forces

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Concept of Force
Forces at a distance
• Gravitational forces
• Electrostatic forces
• Magnetic forces

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Concept of a Rigid Body
• Most bodies deform.

Bar

• A rigid body does not deform

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Concept of a Rigid Body
• Distance between any two points
does not change when a force is
applied on it.

● ●

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Unit Systems
MLT system:
Force = mass×acceleration

kg
m/s2
N

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Transmissibility of Forces

● ●● ●

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Resultant of Forces
• Law of Parallelogram of forces:

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Resultant of Forces
• Triangle of forces of forces:

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Resolving a force

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 Force as a Vector
F = Fx i + Fy j Fy F

F = Fx i + Fy j + F z k
Fx
y Fx
x F = Fy
z Fz
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Addition of Forces

F1 = Fx1 i + Fy1 j

F2 = Fx2 i + Fy2 j

R = F1 + F 2 = (F1x + F2x)i + (F1y

+ F2y) j
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 Example

Rx  F1x  F2 x  0  F4 x
Ry  F1 y  F2 y  F3 y  F4 y
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Turning Effect of a Force: Moments

F
d

The turning effect of a force is

measured by the moment Fd
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Moment/ Torque

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Moment is a Vector

F
●
r

M = r× F
Right-Hand Rule
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Example

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Determining Moments in 2D
• Right Hand Rule:

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Equilibrium

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Equilibrium
• System does not accelerate
• Consequence of first law

No net force.

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 Is That Enough?

It will rotate till the two forces are in line.

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Equilibrium

For a particle: ∑F = 0

For a rigid body: ∑F = 0, ∑M = 0

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Equilibrium
∑F = 0

∑ Fx = 0; ∑ Fy = 0; ∑ Fz = 0

∑M = 0

∑ Mx = 0; ∑ My = 0; ∑ Mz = 0

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Free-body Diagrams

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Free-Body Diagrams (FBD)
• A free-body diagram of a structure or a part of
the structure removed from its support.
• It shows all the (external) forces acting on that
part of the structure.
• The supports are replaced by the forces that the
supports apply on the structure.

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Free-Body Diagram (FBD)

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Free-Body Diagrams (FBD)...
Tension in the rope ??
T

T=W

W
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 Free-Body Diagrams (FBD)...

250 N 250 N 300 N ?N 250 N 300 N

∑F = 0 ? = 250 N

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 Free-Body Diagrams (FBD)...

Tension ?

T
250 N 250 N 300 N
T = 800 N
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Lifting Pulley Block
T
TT
T T = W/4
Mechanical
Advantage

W
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Oil-Well Drill T

W1
Staging?

W2

Bit force Vijay

Equilibrium: System of Particles

F21 = − F12 F2
F1, F2, F3 must
F31 = − F13 be in ≡m
2
F23 = − F32
F21 F23
F12 F31
3
1 F13 F31
F1 F Vijay
Equilibrium: System of Particles..
F2 F , F , F must
1 12 13
be in ≡m.
2
F21 F23
F12 F31
3
1 F13 F31
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A Two-Force Member
Any object with two forces acting on it will be in
equilibrium only if the two force are equal,
opposite and act in line.

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A Two-Force Member

Any object with two forces acting on it will be

in equilibrium only if the two force are equal,
opposite and act in line. Vijay
Two-Force Members

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 Two-Force Members...

F F

F F

F
F
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A Two-Force Member...

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A Three-Force Member

• Co-planar
• Concurrent

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 Restraints or Supports
Simply supported:

No moment.
Only reaction • Cannot translate,
force. • Can rotate.
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Simply Supported

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Simply Supported...

Roller
Pinned
Support:
Support:
Normal
Reaction
reaction
could be
only.
inclined.
(2DoF)
(1DoF)
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Step Ladder

FRICTION
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 Leaning Ladder
RH2 RH2X4 – 600X0.5 = 0
or RH2 = 75 N

4m Or, N
RV1
600 N y
RH1 x
1m z
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Additional Reference

http://web.mst.edu/~mecmovie/index.ht
ml

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Truss

3m
θ

cosθ = 4/5,
sinθ = 3/5
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 Method of Joints

Symmetry:

FGB 2FGC sinθ – 15 kN = 0

FGC FGC = (15 X 5)/(2 X 3)
FGA FGF = 12.5 kN
15 kN

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 Method of Joints

FCB -FCGsinθ - FCFsin θ = 0

FCF = - FCG = -12.5 kN
FCG FCF
- FCB – FCGcosθ + FCFcosθ = 0
FCB = –2FCGcosθ = 10 kN
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 Method of Joints
FFC RB,V

FFG
∑FV = RB,V +(3/5)FFC = 0
or, RB,V = - (3/5)FFC = + 7.5 kN
∑FH = -(4/5)FFC - FFG = 0
or, FFG = - (4 /5)FFC = 10 kN
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Clamped Support
While in the
pinned support,
the member is
restrained from
translating, in the
clamped
support, the
member cannot
even rotate.
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 Clamped Support...

x
x
x
• Cannot translate,
• Cannot rotate.
No DoF at all.
Also called built-in support
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 Clamped Support...
P
Fy
Fx
Mz

y Statically determinate
x
z
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 An Example: Pinned Truss

C D

20 kN
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 An Example: Pinned Truss...
B
B
A two-force member

D
C D FBD,D

20 kN
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 An Example: Pinned Truss...
F2
B
F1 D

20 kN

C D ∑Fy = 0

20 kN
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 Another Truss

150 70.7 T 150

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 Another Truss
- 200 C
- 213 C
70.7 T

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Another Truss

- 213 C

150 T

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Another Truss

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Another Example of Two-Force
Members

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 Two-Bar Assembly

60o 30o
F1cos30o – F2cos60o = 0
F1sin30o + F2sin60o – 500 = 0
500 N
F1 = 125 N; F2 = 433 N
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Segmented Axial Bar

10 kN 10 kN 10 kN

10 kN

10 kN 10 kN

10 kN
10 kN 10 kN
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