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Azeotropic Distillation

Extractive distillation uses a solvent as a third component added to the mixture to increase the volatility difference between the components and allow separation. The solvent is non-volatile and forms interactions with one component, allowing it to be extracted to the top of the column while the other separates at the bottom. Azeotropic distillation uses an entrainer that forms an azeotrope with one component, changing its volatility so both can be separated from the initial azeotrope. It is an energy-intensive process that requires additional separation steps to recover the entrainer. Extractive distillation is more economical as it uses less energy and solvent losses are lower.

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43 views

Azeotropic Distillation

Extractive distillation uses a solvent as a third component added to the mixture to increase the volatility difference between the components and allow separation. The solvent is non-volatile and forms interactions with one component, allowing it to be extracted to the top of the column while the other separates at the bottom. Azeotropic distillation uses an entrainer that forms an azeotrope with one component, changing its volatility so both can be separated from the initial azeotrope. It is an energy-intensive process that requires additional separation steps to recover the entrainer. Extractive distillation is more economical as it uses less energy and solvent losses are lower.

Uploaded by

salmanmuddsar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Difference between extractive & azeotropic distillation

Extractive distillation
Azeotropic distillation
System chokes distillation when
azeotrope forms or systems relative In other case where extractive
volatility approaches 1. in this case it distillation is used it is solvent that is
third party element added to produce
is azeotrop distillation that actually
separation. It can be thought just like as
provides pathway.
solvent extraction.
It uses entrainer specie to actually
A highly non volatile substance called
tries to create volatility difference and solvent is added to mixture that are
thus forming a new azeotrop with one difficult to separate, since B.P of solvent
of the component already present. is very high so it is impossible to have
any chance of azeotrop formation. While
Entrainer is highly volatile
Mixture that is formed as on solvent
component, so added on feed plate or
addition have higher B.P making
plate below feed, so that it is (new component in good concentration while
azeotrop) be present at every plate in quantity is to be compromised.
some propotion.
It is interaction parameter between
On formation of new azeotrope it is solvent and component present ; on
recovered from top of column, while which based solvent is selected., and
other component is separated as activity coefficient is to be accounted.
bottom.
Solvent is always added at top so that it
For separation of entrainer It requires can extract component of its choice, and
lots of energy or use of membrane separated from other remaining one
technology. component from base of column.

Separation of solvent from other


Entrainer have B.P in between both of
component is extremely easy. Simple
the components forming initial
separation is involved requiring less
azeotope.
amount of energy , making this possible
Highly energy consuming process. an economical process.

Less solvent is lost as a result of


vaporization of solvent.

Continuous and batch.


Extractive:Only for continouous system

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