058-070 Kapitel 2 23.10.

2008 15:18 Uhr Seite 66

2 Yarns
2.5 Textured Yarns

Texturing

Flat continuous filament yarns made from thermoplastic (heat-formable) materials can be made permanently bulky by various
processes. This is called texturing and it results in:
• increased volume • better thermal insulation due to the enclosed air
• increased extensibility and elasticity • higher vapour permeability and moisture transport
• lower lustre • softer and more comfortable fabrics

Important Texturing Processes

False-twist texturing filaments The yarn is drawn through a heated zone whilst a pre-
feed rolls determined, high level of false twist is inserted followed
by cooling and untwisting. The heat softens the filaments
heating zone and the deformation imparted by the twist is permanent-
ly set during cooling.
twister This is the most economical, and therefore the most
common process.
delivery rolls

Air-jet texturing yarn feed The yarn is fed through a turbulent air stream, created by
a jet. Usually the air is cold but occasionally hot air or
delivery rolls steam may be used. The air jet causes entangled loops to
be formed in the filaments.
The resulting textured yarn is very bulky with permanent
air jet
crimps and loops. Can be used for non-thermoplastic
entanglement zone filaments.
Stuffer-box texturing delivery The yarn is fed into a heated chamber where it is com-
rolls pressed. The zigzag deformations are permanently set by
subsequent cooling. The filaments can no longer lie close
together so the yarn is bulky.

heated
stuffer box

Knit-deknit texturing The yarn is knitted into a tube on a circular knitting

knitting setting unravelling

Types of Textured Yarns

Whatever the texturing process used, textured yarns can be classified into three groups:
Stretch yarns: Highly elastic yarns with a crimp extension of 150 to 300%.
Stabilised yarns: Yarns which have been given an additional setting treatment to reduce their elasticity and crimp extension.
Bulked yarns: Voluminous yarns with crimps and loops having normal extensibility and elasticity. The term bulked yarn is often
used generally to cover all continuous filament textured yarns and bulked staple fibre yarns.
High-bulk yarns
Man-made staple fibres can also be made into bulky, voluminous yarns. Such high-bulk yarns are usually made by blending
acrylic fibres of high and low potential shrinkage. During a subsequent heat treatment, the high-shrinkage fibres contract causing
the other fibres to buckle. A similar effect can be obtained by using bicomponent fibres.

Applications for Textured Yarns

Stockings and tights (panty hose), swimwear, sportswear, outerwear, underwear, carpets, sewing and overedge stitching threads
for extensible fabrics.

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