Passive Devices: (3 Port Network)
Passive Devices: (3 Port Network)
2 2 2
S12 S13 1, S13* S 23 0, let S13* 0 S12 1
2 2 2
S12 S 23 1, S 23
*
S12 0, let S 23
*
0 S12 1
2 2 2 2
S13 S 23 1, S12* S13 0. S13 S 23 0 1
0 e j 0
S e j 0 0
Port 3 is isolated
0 0 e j
P1
Coupling C 10 log 20 log A dB
P3
P3 A
Directivit y D 10 log 20 log dB
P4 S14
P1
Isolation I 10 log 20 log S14 dB
P4
I D C dB
•If circuit can be decomposed into the superposition of an even-mode excitation and
odd-mode excitation
•Adding two sets( even & odd) of excitations produces the original excitation
1 1 1 1
B1 e o , B2 Te To ,
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
B3 Te To , B4 e o ,
2 2 2 2
3-Port Network: Power Divider
50 75 150
Reflection at Port #2: 1
50 75 150
0.666 S 22
50 150 75
Reflection at Port #3: 2
50 150 75
0.333 S33
(2)Resistive Divider – All ports are matched
- output ports are not isolated S 23 0
Zo Zo Z
Z in Zo o Zo Zo
3 3 3
2Z o
3 2
V V1 V1
Zo 2Z 3
o
3 3
Zo 3 1
V2 V3 V V V1
Z 4 2
Zo o
3
1
S 21 S31
2
0 1 1
1
S 1 0 1
2
1 1 0
1 V12 1 V22 1 V12 1
Pin , P2 P3 Pin
2 Zo 2 Zo 8 Zo 4
1
P2 P3 Pin Pin
2
Wilkinson Power Divider( equal power division)
Resistive divider -all ports are matched
P2
Pin
Pin P2 P3 P3
Vg 2 V g 3 2 even mode
Vg 2 Vg 3 2
odd mode
Z ine
Z2
Z e
in Z 2 for matching( S 22,e 0, S 33,e 0)
2
Voltage on transmission line V (x)
V ( x ) V e j x V e j x V (e j x e j x )
1
V ( x 0) V (1 ) V2 1, V
1
1
V ( x 4) V1 V ( j j) jV ( 1) j
1
1 2 2
V1 j
2 2 2
V 1
S12 ,e S13 ,e 1 j j 0.707
V2 2
S 32,e S 23,o 0 ( port open)
Wilkinson Power Divider: odd mode
Z ino
r
Z ino r 2 for matching ( S 22,o 0, S33,o 0)
2
V1 0 port 1 is shorted
V1
S12,o S13,o 0
V2
S32,o S 23,o 0 ( port short )
All power from Port #2 is delivered to r/2 resister, and all dissipated
No power is delivered to Port #1
Wilkinson Power Divider: input port
Z in
Z in
Z
in
2 2
2
1
Z in Z in Z in 1 in 0 S11 0
P3
Let K 2 , P2
P2
1 K 2
Z o3 Z o ,
K 3 Pin
Z o2 K 2 Z o3 Z o K 1 K 2 ,
1 P3
R Z o K .
K
A B 1 0 0 j / 2 1 0 1 1 j
C D j 1
j 2 0 j 1 2 j 1
A B C D 1 j j 1 / 2
e 0
A B C D 1 j j 1 / 2
2 2 1
Te 1 j
A B C D 1 j j 1 / 2 2
Odd-mode
A B 1 0 0 j / 2 1 0 1 1 j
C D j 1
j 2 0 j 1 2 j 1
A B C D 1 j j 1 / 2
e 0
A B C D 1 j j 1 / 2
2 2 1
To 1 j
A B C D 1 j j 1 / 2 2
e o
S11 0,
2
T T 1
S 21 e o j ,
2 2
T T 1
S31 e o ,
2 2
e o
S 41 0
2
0 j 1 0
1 j 0 0 1
S
2 1 0 0 j
0 1 j 0
Coupled Line Theory
ground
Z oe , e
j e z j e z
v1 ( z ) V e
1e V e
1e
e e V1e j e z V1e j e z
i1 ( z ) I1e e j z I1e e j z
e e
Z oe Z oe
j e z j e z
v2 ( z ) V e 2e V e 2e
e e V2e j e z V2e j e z
i2 ( z ) I 2e e j z I 2e e j z
e e
Z oe Z oe
V1e V2e , V1e V2e
(1)Voltage and Current Waves of Odd Mode Excitation
Z oo , o
j o z j o z
v1 ( z ) V e1o V e
1o
j o z j o z V1o j o z V1o j o z
i1 ( z ) I e
1o I e
1o e e
Z oo Z oo
j o z j o z
v2 ( z ) V e2o V e 2o
o o V2o j o z V2o j o z
i2 ( z ) I 2o e j z I 2o e j z
e e
Z oo Z oo
V1o V2o , V1o V2o
Voltage and Current Waves on Coupled Lines
v2 ( z ), i2 ( z )
Z oe , e , Z oo , o
v1 ( z ), i1 ( z )
(1)Voltage and Current Waves on Line #1 (2)Voltage and Current Waves on Line #2
e e o o e e o o
v1 ( z ) Ve e j z Ve e j z Vo e j z Vo e j z
v2 ( z ) Ve e j z Ve e j z Vo e j z Vo e j z
e e o o
j e z
i1 ( z ) I e
I e j e z
I e j o z
I e j o z i2 ( z ) I e e j z I e e j z I o e j z I o e j z
e e o o
2
I3 1 1 1 1 I e
j e L o e o
I 4 e e j L e j L e j L I o
V1 1 1 1 1 Ve
V e j e L e j o L e j e L e j o L
2 Vo
V3 1 1 1 1 Ve
j e L j o L j e L j o L
V
4 e e e e Vo
1 1 1 1 Z oe 0 0 0 I e
e j e L e j o L e j e L e j o L 0 Z
0 0 I o
oo
1 1 1 1 0 0 Z oe 0 I e
j e L o e o
e e j L e j L e j L 0 0 0 Z oo I o
Z oe Z oo Z oe Z oo I e
Z e j e L
Z oe e j L I o
o e o
Z oo e j L Z oe e j L
oe
Z oe Z oo Z oe Z oo I e
o
j e L o e
Z oe e Z oo e j L Z oe e j L Z oo e j L I o
Impedance Matrix Z11 = Z22=Z33= Z44
I1 1 1 1 1 I e
V1 0 e j e L
e j L I o
o e o
Z11 I1 0, I 2 I 3 I 4 0 e j L
e j L
I1 Ik
k 1
0 0 1 1 1 1 I e
j e L o e o
0 e e j L e j L
e j L I o
I e I o I e I o I1 , e o
let β o β e & e j L
e j L
e j
I I I I 0,
e o e o
I e e j I o e j I e e j I o e j 0,
I e e j I o e j I e e j I o e j 0.
I e I e e j 2 , I o I o e j 2
I e 1 e j 2 I o 1 e j 2 0 I e I o
I1 e j 2
I 1 e I 1 e I1 I I 2 1 e j 2 , I e I o 2 1 e j 2
j 2 j 2 1 I1
e o e o
Z11
V1
j
Z oe Z oo cot
I1 Ik 0
2
k 1
Impedance Matrix Z12=Z21=Z34=Z43
0 1 1 1 1 I e
I e j
Z12
V1
I 2 0, I1 I 3 I 4 0 2 e j e j e j I o
I2 Ik 0 0 1 1 1 1 I e
k 2
j
0 e e j e j e j I o
I e I o I e I o 0,
I e I o I e I o I 2 ,
I e e j I o e j I e e j I o e j 0,
I e e j I o e j I e e j I o e j 0.
I e I e e j 2 , I o I o e j 2
I e 1 e j 2 I o 1 e j 2 0 I e I o
I 2 e j 2
I 1 e I 1 e I 2 I I 2 1 e j 2 , I e I o 2 1 e j 2
j 2 j 2 1 I2
e o e o
Z12
V1
j
Z oe Z oo cot
I2 Ik 0
2
k 2
Impedance Matrix Z13 = Z31 = Z24 = Z42
0 1 1 1 1 I e
V 0 e j e j e j
e j
Z13 1 I 3 0, I1 I 2 I 4 0 I o
I3 Ik 0 I3 1 1 1 1 I e
k 3
j
0 e e j e j e j I o
I e I o I e I o 0,
I e I o I e I o 0,
I e e j I o e j I e e j I o e j I 3 ,
I e e j I o e j I e e j I o e j 0.
I e I e , I o I o
I e e j e j I o e j e j 0 I e I o
I e e j e j I o e j e j I 3 I e I o
I3 I3
, I I
2 e j e j 2 e j e j
e o
I e I o I e I o 0,
I e I o I e I o 0,
I e e j I o e j I e e j I o e j 0,
I e e j I o e j I e e j I o e j I 4 .
I e I e , I o I o
I e e j e j I o e j e j 0 I e I o
I e e j e j I o e j e j I 4 I e I o
I4 I
, I e I o j 4 j
2 e e
j j
2 e e
V1 Ve Ve Vo Vo
Z oe Z oo
Z oe I e Z oe I e Z oo I o Z oo I o I4
e j e j
Z oe Z oo
j I4
2 sin
V1 Z oe Z oo
Z14 j
I4 Ik 0
2 sin
k 3
Z oe , e , Z oo , o
Let e L o L
Z oe Z oo Z oe Z oo Z oe Z oo Z oe Z oo
tan
tan sin sin I
V1 Z Z Z Z oo Z oe Z oo Z oe Z oo 1
V oe oo
oe I
2 j tan tan sin sin 2
V3 2 Z oe Z oo Z oe Z oo Z Z oo Z Z oo I 3
oe oe
V
sin sin tan tan I
4 Z Z Z oe Z oo Z oe Z oo Z oe Z oo 4
oe oo
sin sin tan tan
4-Port Network: Coupled Line Coupler
Single Section Coupled Line Coupler
E1 I1Z o V1 V1 E1 I1Z o ,
V2 I 2 Z o ,
V3 I 3 Z o ,
V4 I 4 Z o
Z in V V V , I I I
k ke ko k ke ko
Z in ,e Z in ,o
Z o jZ oe tan Z o jZ oo tan
Z in ,e Z oe Z in ,o Z oo
Z oe jZ o tan
Z oo jZ o tan
Z in ,e V
V1e V , I1e Z in ,o V
Z in ,e Z o Z in ,e Z o V1o V , I1e
Z in ,o Z o Z in ,o Z o
V1 V V1o Z Z Z o Z in ,o Z in ,e Z o
Z in 1e in ,e in ,o
I1 I1e I1o Z in ,e Z in ,o 2 Z o
Z in ,e Z in ,o Z o2
Zo 2 for port #1 matching:Z in Z o
Z in ,e Z in ,o 2 Z o
Z in ,e Z in ,e Z o2
for Z in ,e Z in ,e Z o2
t tan
Z o jZ oet Z jZ oot
Z in ,e Z in ,e Z oe Z oo o
Z oe jZ o t Z oo jZ o t
Z oe Z oo
Z o jZ oet Z o jZ oot
Z oe jZ ot Z oo jZ ot
Z o2 Z oe Z oot 2 jZ o Z oe Z oo t
Z oe Z oo V3 V3e V3o V1e V1o
Z oe Z oo Z o2t 2 jZ o Z oe Z oo t
Z in ,e Z in ,o
Z Z oe Z oo
2 V
o
Z in ,e Z o
Z in ,o Z o
Z o2 (1 t 2 ) jZ o Z oe Z oo t Z o jZ oe t Z o jZ oo t
Z 2
Z o2
Z o (1 t ) jZ o Z oe Z oo t V
o 2 2
2 Z o j Z oe Z oo t 2 Z o j Z oe Z oo t
S11 0 j Z oe Z oo t j Z oe Z oo / Z oe Z oo t
V V
2 Z o j Z oe Z oo t 2 Z o / Z oe Z oo j t
Z oe Z oo
let C , 1 C 2 2 Z o / Z oe Z oo
Z oe Z oo
jCt
V3 V
1 C 2 jt
V3 jC tan
V 1 C 2 j tan
for V2 V2 e V2 o ,
z e z 0 Z o Z oe
Z o Z oe
on line, z L z 0
V ( z L ) V1e
Z oe Z oo j Z oe t
Ve
2 cos
Z o jZ oe tan
Z oe
Z oo j Z oe t Z oe Z oo Z oe j Z oo t
Z o Z oe
Z oe Z oo j Z oe t
Ve
Z o Z oe V1e Z oe Z oo j Z oe t Z oo Z oe j Z oo t
Z o jZ oe tan 2 cos
Z oe Z oo jZ oet
V2 e Ve Ve Ve 1
Z o Z oe
2 Z oe Z oo j Z oe Z oo t
Z o Z oe
Z o jZ oet
Zo V1e
2Z o j Z oe Z oo t
Z o jZ oe tan cos
1 Zo Z in ,e V Zo
V
cos Z o jZ oe tan Z in ,e Z o cos 2 Z o j Z oe Z oo tan
z Z o Z oo
o z 0
Z o Z oo
z L z 0
on line,
V ( z ) Vo e jz Vo e jz Z oe Z oo jZ oot
j z Z Z oo jz Z oo
Vo o e Z in,o Z oo j Z oe Z oo t
e Z Z
o oo
Z in,o Z o Z oe Z oo jZ oot
2 cos z Z oo Zo
Ve Z o jZ oo tan z Z j Z Z t
Z o Z oo oo oe oo
V ( z L) V1o Vo
2 cos
Z o jZ oo tan
Z oo Z oe j Z oo t
Z o Z oo
Z o Z oo
V1o
Z oo
Z oe j Z oo t Z oe Z oo Z oo j Z oe t
V
o
Z o jZ oo tan 2 cos Z oo Z oe j Z oo t
Z oo Z oe j Z oo t Z oe Z oo j Z oe t
Z oe Z oo jZ oot
Z o Z oo 2 Z oe Z oo j Z oe Z oo t
V2 o V V V
1 Z Z
o o
o
Z o jZ oot
o oo
Zo V1o 2Z o j Z oe Z oo t
Z o jZ oo tan cos
1 Zo Z in ,o V Zo
V V2 e V2 o
cos Z o jZ oo tan Z in ,o Z o cos 2 Z o j Z oe Z oo tan
V Zo
V2 V2 e V2 o 2V2 e 2
cos 2 Z o j Z oe Z oo tan
2Z o
V
2 Z o cos j Z oe Z oo sin
2 Z o / Z oe Z oo
V
2 Z o / Z oe Z oo cos j sin
1 C 2
V
1 C cos j sin
2
V4 V2 e V2 o 0
at f o , ,
2
V3 jC tan
C
V 1 C j tan
2
V2 1 C 2 from C
Z oe Z oo
and Z o2 Z oe Z oo ,
j 1 C 2 Z oe Z oo
V 1 C 2 cos j sin
1 C 1 C
V4 Z oe Z o and Z oo Z o
0 1 C 1 C
V