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Assembly language provides a symbolic representation of machine language instructions using mnemonics. An assembler program translates assembly language instructions into machine code. Basic components of assembly language include instructions, directives, labels, and comments. Assembly language allows for faster execution and more efficient memory usage than high-level languages but is less portable and more difficult to debug.

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Syed Haider Abbas
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37 views

MP Presentation

Assembly language provides a symbolic representation of machine language instructions using mnemonics. An assembler program translates assembly language instructions into machine code. Basic components of assembly language include instructions, directives, labels, and comments. Assembly language allows for faster execution and more efficient memory usage than high-level languages but is less portable and more difficult to debug.

Uploaded by

Syed Haider Abbas
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assembly language

Assembly language
An easier-to-use symbolic representation of machine
language
Uses mnemonics for operations
 ADD, MUL, MOV, CMP, PUSH, etc.
Also includes calls to operating system service routines
An assembly language program is translated into
machine language by a program called an
assembler
Basic components in assembly Language:
Instruction, Directive, Label, and Comment

1
Example of Assembly Language Program

;NUMOFF.ASM: Turn NUM-LOCK indicator off. Comments


.MODEL SMALL
.STACK
.CODE Assembly directive

.STARTUP
MOV AX,40H ;set AX to 0040H
D1: MOV DS,AX ;load data segment with 0040H
Instructions
MOV SI,17H ;load SI with 0017H
AND BYTE PTR [SI],0DFH ;clear NUM-LOCK bit
.EXIT
END Assembly directive

Label

7-2
Microsoft MASM and Debug
 Microsoft MASM and Link Programs

Syntax check;
ML numoff.asm Translate assembly instructions into machine codes

 Microsoft Debug Program

C:\> debug
-a
0BDF:0100 MOV AX, 40
0BDF:0103
-t
AX = 0040 BX = 0000 CX = 0000 DX = 0000 SP = …………….
…………………………………………..
-q

7-3
The 8088 instruction set
There are various groups of instructions ,which I
studied in my previous LABS:
Data transfer
Arithmetic
Logical
Shift and rotate
Test and bit flag
Looping
Repetitive string operations
Jump and call

4
Overview of Assembly Language

 Advantages:

 Faster as compared to programs written using high-level languages


 Efficient memory usage
 Control down to bit level

 Disadvantages:
´ Need to know detail hardware implementation
´ Not portable
´ Slow to development and difficult to debug

 Basic components in assembly Language:

Instruction, Directive, Label, and Comment

7-5
Debugging
There are four debugging routines named
dump regs,
dump mem,
dump stack,
and dump math;
Assembly language
An assembly language program is stored as text
(just as a higher level language program). Each
assembly instruction represents exactly one
machine instruction.
The general form of an assembly instruction is:
mnemonic operand(s)
An assembler is a program that reads a text file with
assembly instructions and converts the assembly
into machine code. Compilers are programs that do
similar conversions for high-level programming
languages.

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