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"Watershed Management": Presented by Geetika Roll No. 5 M.Sc. E.E.S. (Final Year)

The document summarizes a presentation on watershed management. It defines a watershed as an area that drains rainwater into a common stream. It discusses how watersheds affect communities through impacts on soil, water, and vegetation. It identifies major degradation factors like improper land use, deforestation, and overgrazing. The objectives of watershed management are outlined as conserving soil and water, rainwater harvesting, growing greenery, and promoting community development. Key techniques involve soil conservation methods, rainwater harvesting, and greenery conservation approaches.

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2K views

"Watershed Management": Presented by Geetika Roll No. 5 M.Sc. E.E.S. (Final Year)

The document summarizes a presentation on watershed management. It defines a watershed as an area that drains rainwater into a common stream. It discusses how watersheds affect communities through impacts on soil, water, and vegetation. It identifies major degradation factors like improper land use, deforestation, and overgrazing. The objectives of watershed management are outlined as conserving soil and water, rainwater harvesting, growing greenery, and promoting community development. Key techniques involve soil conservation methods, rainwater harvesting, and greenery conservation approaches.

Uploaded by

aaysha123
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 37

PRESENTATION

ON

“WATERSHED
MANAGEMENT”

PRESENTED BY
GEETIKA
Roll no. 5
M.Sc. E.E.S. (FINAL YEAR)
1. WHAT IS A WATERSHED?

2. HOW DOES IT AFFECTS US AND THE


ENVIRONMENT?

3. WHAT ARE THE DEGRADATIONAL


DEVILS OF A WATERSHED?

4. WHAT ARE THE MAJOR OBJECTIVES


AND TECHNIQUES INVOLVED IN
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT?
WHAT IS A WATERSHED?

It is a geohydrological unit
draining to a common
point by a system of
drains.
In simple words,

Watershed is an area
draining the rainwater
into a stream.
A group of sub-watersheds form a watershed.

Watersheds are just one part of a hierarchical system.


WATERSHED COMMUNITY

The people and animals


inhabiting in the
watershed are part of the
watershed community.
EFFECTS OF WATERSHED ON
THE COMMUNITY
A Watershed has a wide ranging
effects on the lives of people at large
as soil, water and vegetation are the
most vital natural resources and
Watershed affects them all.

The sustained productivity of food,


fuel, fodder, forage, fiber, fruit and
small timber can be ensured by
judicious and effective management
of soil, water, and vegetation.
EFFECT OF WATERSHED ON
SOIL

The rate and magnitude of soil


erosion and sedimentation are
vital for watershed community i.e.
people and animal.
EFFECT OF WATERSHED ON
WATER

Water quality, quantity and


regime are influenced by
watershed conditions.
EFFECT OF WATERSHED ON
VEGETATION

Vegetation is a very crucial factor


that affects erosion, runoff and
climatic factors of the area. It
provides food, fruit, fuel, fodder,
forage, small timber etc. to the
community which is vital for the
survival of humanity.
WHO ARE THE
WATERSHED
DEGRADATION DEVILS ?
LAND

Degradation
ENERGY devils WATER
work on

GREENERY
DEGRADATIONAL EFFECTS
DEVIL

SOIL EROSION
IMPROPER LAND DESERTIFICATION
USE
SILTATION OF
EXCESSIVE RESERVOIRS
CROPPING &CROPLANDS
LAND SHIFTING FLOODS
CULTIVATION
SLOPE DROUGHT
CULTIVATION LOSS OF
OVER GRAZING FERTILITY
HUMAN AND ANIMAL SOIL MOISTURE
PRESSURE
MIGRATION
DEGRADATIONAL
DEVIL EFFECTS

LOSS OF
EXCESSIVE FERTILITY
IRRIGATION
IMPROPER USE
OF GROUND DECLINE IN
WATER WATER WATER LEVELS
QUANTITY WATER
AND LOGGING
QUALITY
SOIL AND CROP
LACK OF DAMAGE
PROPER
DRAINAGE
EXCESSIVE DETERIORATION
MANURING OF SOIL AND
FERTILIZING WATER
EFFLUENTS
DEGRADATIONAL EFFECTS
DEVIL

SOIL EROSION
UNPLANNED
DEFORESTATION

CUTTING OF
GREENERY UNRIPE TREES

DESTRUCTION
OF FOREST
FOREST FIRES AND
ENVIRONMENT
DEGRADATIONAL EFFECTS
DEVIL

SOIL
ORGANIC
MATTER DAMAGE
&MICROORGA
NISM

ENERGY
POWER GASES
GENERATION ACCUMULATION
FROM FUELS
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT

It involves management of land,


water, greenery and energy,
integrating all the scientific
approaches to socioeconomic
background for a pragmatical
development of a watershed.
In practice it means allowing load
free rainfall runoff from the
watershed. Clean outflows imply
management of effective soil and
water conservation, and generating
a lush green carpet in whole of the
area. In other words, it is greening
of the watershed through proper
management of land, water, and
energy resources.
Productive use of all its
natural resources and also
protecting them is termed as
watershed management.
Watershed management is
not merely an
anti- erosional &
anti-runoff approach but
also a comprehensive,
integrated approach of land
and water resource
management
The 4 major
objectives of each
watershed development
should be:-
**CONSERVING
SOIL AND WATER, Optimum utilization &
RAINWATER HARVESTING equitable distribution
AND RECHARGING & of natural resources
GROWING GREENERY like land, water,
vegetation

OBJECTIVES

ACTIVE PARTICIPATION The economic


OF THE PEOPLE
development
OF THE WATERSHED AREA
IN HARMONY WITH
of the village
THE ECOSYSTEM community
MAJOR TECHNIQUES
INVOLVED IN SOIL, WATER
AND GREENERY
DEVELOPMENT IN A
WATERSHED ARE -
SOIL CONSERVATION
TECHNIQUES
Contour techniques: ploughing,
furrowing, trenching, hedging etc.

Gully control: pervious and


impervious

Reclamation of alkaline soils

Green carpeting
PLOUGHING

Slope A slope B
Slope A slope B
MORE LESS
RUN OFF

Slope A slope B
INCORRECT PLOUGHING CORRECT

Slope A slope B
FURROWING

SLOPE A SLOPE B

INCORRECT CORRECT
CHECK DAM
RUN OFF
GULLY CONTROL
• CHECK DAMS

• VEGETATION GROWTH
Rainwater harvesting and
recharging
Capturing runoff from rooftops

Capturing runoff from local


catchments

Capturing seasonal floodwaters


from local streams
Greenery conservation
techniques
Dry land agriculture

Irrigation

Forestry

Horticulture

Pastures and silvipastures


A good watershed
management scheme
consist of –
INTEGRATED MULTI-
DISCIPLINARY APPROACH
It invites integrated inputs of various
disciplines for the development of different
minor watersheds in accordance with their
characteristics. The approach may be key to :

Protect natural resources

Attain good yields

Coordinate the man power with limited funds

Community participation
REFERENCES
• Watershed management –J.V.S.MURTY
• Watershed management:
Robert.J.Reimold
• www.kerala.gov.in/keralcalljuly04/p17-
19.pdf
• http://www.watermissionmp.com/
THANK YOU

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