User´s manual and SPAE 010, 011

Technical description High Impedance

Protection Relay

2 U REF >
f n = 50/60 Hz 5
U n = 50 / 100 / 200 V

SPAE 010
0.8

0.6 1.0
U aux
RESET

0.4 1.2
OK x 80 ... 265 V ~_ U>
Un

U>
0087A

RS 493 Ser.No.

ABB Network Partner

 1MRS 750063-MUM EN
SPAE 010, 011
Issued 95-05-08
Version A (replaces 34 SPAE 1 EN1) High Impedance
Checked
Approved Protection Relay
Station
Automation
Data subject to change without notice

Contents General features .............................................................................................................. 2

Area of application. ......................................................................................................... 2
Operation ....................................................................................................................... 3
Requirements on current transformers ............................................................................ 4
Connection and block diagram ....................................................................................... 5
Connections ................................................................................................................... 5
Settings and markings on the relay front plate ................................................................ 6
Technical data ................................................................................................................ 7
Operating time characteristics......................................................................................... 8
Relay applications ........................................................................................................... 8
Maintenance and repairs ............................................................................................... 10
Dimensions and instructions for mounting .................................................................. 11
Information required with order ................................................................................... 11

General features High impedance differential type earth-fault High degree of immunity against all types of
protection. mechanical and electrical interference and
tested according to the latest relevant IEC-
Applied for earth fault protection of transform- standards.
ers, motors and generators. High accuracy and long time stability features
due to a digital and software based design.
The relay includes the stabilising resistor.

Short total operating time together with high

degree of stability.

Area of The protective relays type SPAE 010 and SPAE formers, generators and motors. The difference
application 011 form in their applications a differential between the two relays is the auxiliary supply
protection of the high impedance type. The voltage required. For SPAE 010 the auxiliary
differential protection of the high impedance supply voltage is within the range 80. . .265 V ac
type is used as earth-fault protection for trans- or dc and for SPAE 01 1 the range is 18...80 V dc.

2
Operation The high impedance type differential protec- of the resistor in the differential current circuit
tion is stable for all types of faults outside the these condary current fed by a non-saturated
zone of protection. The stabilisation is obtained current transformer is forced to flow through
by a resistor in the differential circuit. In SPAE the secondary circuit of a saturated current
010 and SPAE 011 the stabilizing resistor is transformer.
included in the relay and is in series with the
measuring transformer. This gives the name of The operating level of the high impedance relay
the protection system, i.e. a high impedance is to be set to a level not permitting a relay
type protection. operation for any currents in the differential
current circuit, caused by any fault currents
The stability of the protection is based on the arisen by faults outside the zone of protection of
circumstance that the impedance of a current the high impedance protection.
transformer quickly decreases as the current
transformer saturates. The reactance of the exci- When a fault arises within the zone of protec-
tation circuit of a fully saturated current trans- tion, both current transformers strive to feed
former goes to zero and the impedance is formed current through the differential current circuit
only of the resistance of the winding. By means and the protection will operate.

Iu Ir Ru Iu

Ru Ir
SPAE

SPAE

Fig. 1. The principle of the high impedance type differential protection

3
Requirements The sensitivity and reliability of the protection The factor two is used when no delay in the
on current is much depending on the characteristics of the operating time of the protection in any situation
transformers current transformers. The number of turns of is acceptable. In order to prevent the knee-point
the current transformers forming part of one voltage from growing too high, it is advisable to
and the same protection should be as equal as use current transformers, the secondary wind-
possible. In high impedance protections class x ing resistance of which is of the same size as the
current transformers are to be used, the techni- resistance of the measuring loop.
cal features of which are defined by the knee-
point voltage UK, excitation current Ie at the The sensitivity requirements set up for the pro-
knee point and the secondary winding resist- tection are endangered, if the excitation current
ance Rin. The knee-point voltage is the excita- of the current transformers, corresponding to
tion voltage value measured on the secondary the knee-point voltage is permitted to grow too
side of the current transformer, which when high. The magnitude of the excitation current Ie
increasing with 10 % causes an 50 % increase of can be calculated from the expression:
the excitation current.
Ie = (Iprim/n-(Ir+Iu))/m (2)
For the current transformers to be able to force
a current enough to operate the relay through where
the differential circuit during a fault condition Ie = the excitation current
inside the zone of protection, the knee-point Iprim = the primary current level, for which
voltage Uk should be 2 times higher than the the protection is to operate
stabilising voltage Us required in through fault Ir = the current corresponding to the
conditions: relay setting
Iu = the current flowing through the
Uk = 2 x Us = 2 x Ikmax /n (Rin + Rm) (1) protective resistor
n = turns ratio of the current transformer
where m = number of current transformers per
Uk = the knee point voltage phase belonging to the protection
Us = he stabilizing voltage
Ikmax = the maximum through fault current To prevent the voltage of the secondary circuit
n = turns ratio of the current transformer from growing too high during faults within the
Rin = he internal resistance of the current zone of protection, a resistor is connected in
transformer secondary winding parallel with the differential current circuit. The
Rm = he total resistance of the longest resistance of the resistor is dependent of the
measuring circuit loop voltage; the higher the voltage is, the lower the
resistance value becomes.

Û (V)

10 000
a
5 000
b
3 000
2 000 c

1 000

500
300
200

100
50
30
20
Î (A)
10
0.01 0.03 0.1 0.3 1 3 10 30 100
0.005 0.02 0.05 0.2 0.5 2 5 20 50

Fig. 2. Characteristics of the voltage dependent resistor

a = resistor 5248 831-D, b = resistor 5248 831-C, c = resistor 5248 831-B

4
Connection and
block diagram

R31–R33 = stabilizing resistors

Ru = voltage dependent resistor

+ (~)
Uaux
Ru - (~)

63
40

41

42

43

61
62

70
71
72

67
68
69

74
75

65
66
50 V

100 V

200 V
R31 R32 R33
R31 = 2.2 kΩ
R32 = 2.2 kΩ OK
R33 = 4.4 kΩ

A U>
D µP
SPAE

U>/Un RESET

Fig. 3. Connection and block diagram of the high impedance relay type SPAE 010 or SPAE 011

Connections The terminals of the relay have the following function:

Terminal Function

40-41 Measured voltage when the setting range is 0.4...1.2 x 50 V

40-42 Measured voltage when the setting range is 0.4...1.2 x 100 V
40-43 Measured voltage when the setting range is 0.4...1.2 x 200 V
61-62 Auxiliary power supply. The positive pole of dc supply is connected to
terminal 61
63 Protective ground
65-66 Trip contact 1
74-75 Trip contact 2
67-68-69 Alarm contact
70-71-72 Internal relay failure alarm contact. When the auxiliary power is connected and
there is no internal failure contact 70-72 is closed

5
Settings and The front plate contains one setting knob, two The two LEDs on the front plate are used to
markings on the LEDs, one green and one red and one push- indicate the relay status and the trip of the relay:
relay front plate button.
• The green LED (OK) is alight whenever the
The operation voltage of the protection is set auxiliary voltage is connected, the relay is
by means of the U/Un setting knob on the relay operating and there is no internal relay failure.
front panel and the setting range is 0.4...1.2 x Un. • The red LED (U>) lights up whenever the
relay trips. The red LED remains glowing when
the breaker is tripped and the relay drops off.
RESET push-button is used to reset the red
tripindicator.

Protection symbol 2 U REF >

f n = 50/60 Hz 5
Relay ratings and test U n = 50 / 100 / 200 V
voltages
Relay type designation SPAE 010
0.8
Setting knob for voltage
0.6 1.0
U aux
Normal state indicator RESET

0.4 1.2
(no internal failure) OK x 80 ... 265 V ~ _
U>
Un
Range of auxiliary
voltage U>

Trip indicator

Type number and

0087A

RS 493 Ser.No.
serial number'

Fig. 4. Front panel of the relay SPAE 010 with setting elements

6
TechnicaI data Energizing inputs
Terminal numbers 40-41 40-42 40-43
Rated voltage, Un 50 V 100 V 200 V

Thermal withstand capability

- continuous 1.3 x Un
- for 1 s 10 x Un
Rated frequency, fn 50/60 Hz

Protection characteristics
Voltage setting range, U>/Un 0.4...1.2 x Un
Operating current 9...27 mA
Operating time see fig. 5
Drop-off time ≤120 ms
Drop-off/pick-up ratio 0.8

Output contact ratings

Trip contacts, terminal numbers 65-66, 74 75
Rated voltage, make or break 250 Vac or dc
Make and carry for 0.5 s 30 A
Make and carry tor 3 s 15 A
Continuous carry 5A
Breaking capacity for dc, when the control circuit
time constant L/R£ 40 ms, at 48/110/220 V dc 5 A / 3A / 1 A
Contact material gold plated AgNi
Signalling contacts, terminal numbers 67-68-69, 70-71-72
Rated voltage, make or break 250 Vac or dc
Make and carry for O.5 s 10 A
Make and carry for 3 s 8A
Continuous carry 5A
Breaking capacity for dc, when the control circuit
time constant L/R ≤40 ms, at 48/110/220 V dc 1A / 0.25A / 0.15A
Contact material gold plated AgNi

Auxiliary power supply

Supply voltage, SPAE 010 80...265 V ac or dc
Supply voltage, SPAE 011 18...80 Vdc
Power consumption about 5 W

Test voltages
Dielectric test voltage, inputs and outputs as per IEC 255 4,
Series C 2 kV, 50 Hz, 1 min
Impulse test voltage, inputs and outputs as per IEC 255 5 5 kV, 1.2 / 50 ms, 0.5 J
High frequency disturbance test voltage, inputs and outputs
as per IEC 255 6, Appendix C, Class III 2.5 kV, 1 MHz
Spark interference test voltage, inputs and outputs
as per SS 436 15 03, PL 4 4...8 kV

Environmental conditions
Degree of enclosure when panel mounted IP 54
Specified ambient service temperature -10...+55°C
Transport and storage temperature range -40...+70°C
Long term damp heat withstand according to IEC 6823 <95 % at 40°C for 56 days
Mass of the relay unit about 2 kg

7
Operating time
characteristics t (ms)

100

80

60

Operating time
40

20

U/U>
0
0 1 2 3 4 5Applied6 voltage
7 8 9 10

Fig. 5. Operating time characteristics of SPAE 010 and SPAE 011.

Relay
applications

R31–R33 = stabilizing resistors

Ru = voltage dependent resistor

+ (~)
Uaux
Ru - (~)
63
40

41

42

43

61
62

70
71
72

67
68
69

74
75

65
66
50 V

100 V

200 V

R31 R32 R33

R31 = 2.2 kΩ
R32 = 2.2 kΩ OK
R33 = 4.4 kΩ

A U>
D µP
SPAE

U>/Un RESET

Fig. 6. Earth-fault protection of transformer using high impedance relay SPAE 010
8
In solidly earthed networks the Earth-fault cur- The ratio of the stabilising voltage and the knee-
rents reach very high magnitude. Therefore the point voltage has to be checked using the expres-
earth-fault protection should be fast operating. sion (1). The knee-point voltage has to be high
In the application above the earth-fault protec- enough to secure the operation of the protection
tion of the high voltage side of the power trans- in through fault situations.
former has been carried out with the high im-
pedance relay SPAE 010 using the differential The sensitivity of the protection can be calcu-
connection principle, i.e. so called restricted lated using the expression:
earth-fault protection.
Iprim = n (Us /Rs +m x Ie+Iu) (5)
The turns ratios of the current transformers are
selected equal. The protection is to be stable where
both for earth-faults and short-circuits arising Iprim = the primary current level, for which
outside the zone of protection. In order to keep the protection will operate
the secondary circuits as short as possible, the n = turns ratio of the current transformer
summation connections are performed at the Us = the stabilising voltage
terminals of the current transformers. Rs = the value of the internal stabilising
resistor
The setting value of the relay, U> can be calcu- m = the number of current transformers
lated from the expressions: per phase in the protection
Ie = the excitation current of the current
U> ≥Us (3) transformer at the excitation voltage
Us = Ikmax x (Rin + Rm)/n (4) Us, when regarding the excitation
curve of the C.T. as being linear
where Iu = the current flowing through the pro-
U> = setting value of the relay tective resistor at the voltage level Us,
U = stabilizingvoltage see figure 2 on page 4.
Ikmax = the maximum through fault current,
for which the protection is to be stable
Rin = the internal resistance of the current
transformer secondary winding
Rm = the total resistance of the longest
measuring circuit loop, i.e. the range
from the relay terminals to the current
transformer
n = turns ratio of the current transformer

9
Maintenance When the protective relay is operating under the On request, the relay can be given a special
and repairs conditions specified in the section "Technical treatment for protection of the printed circuit
data", the relay is practically maintenance free. boards against stress on materials, caused by
The relay modules include no parts or compo- abnormal environmental conditions.
nents subject to an abnormal physical or electri-
cal wear under normal operating conditions. If the relay fails in operation or if the operating
values remarkably differ from those of the relay
If the environmental conditions at the relay specifications, the relay should be given a proper
operating site differ from those specified, as to overhaul. Minor measures can be taken by per-
temperature, humidity, or if the atmosphere sonnel from the customer’s company instru-
around the relay contains chemically active gases ment workshop but all major measures involv-
or dust, the relay ought to be visually inspected ing overhaul of the electronics are to be taken by
in association with the relay secondary test being the manufacturer. Please contact the manufac-
performed. At the visual inspection the follow- turer or his nearest representative for further
ing things should be noted: information about checking, overhaul and re-
calibration of the relay.
• Check for signs of mechanical damage on relay
case and terminals Note!
• Accumulation of dust inside the relay cover or Static protective relays are measuring instru-
case; remove by blowing air carefully ments and should be handled with care and
• Rust spots or signs of eruginous metal on protected against moisture and mechanical stress,
terminals, case or inside the relay especially during transport.

10
Dimensions for The relay is housed in a normally flush-mounted The relay case is complete with a hinged gasket,
mounting case. If needed, Fe can also be surface mounted. clear, UV- stabilized polycarbonate cover with a
The relay case is made of a black anodized, sealable fastening screw. The degree of protec-
extruded aluminium profile. tion by enclosure of the cover is also IP 54.

A cast aluminium Al by mounting frame with a A terminal block is mounted on the back of the
rubber gasket provides a degree of protection by relay case to facilitate all input and output
enclosure to IP 54 when the relay is panel connections. A connection diagram is shown
mounted. adjacent to the terminal block. To each terminal
one or two 2.5 mm2 wires can be connected. No
terminal lugs are needed.

Flush mounting

Panel cut-out

Surface mounting

Information 1. Number of and type of relay 2 off, SPAE 010

required with 2. Auxiliary power supply voltage, Uaux 110 Vdc
order 3. Accessories none
4. Special requirements none

11
 Meter & Load
Information Management
Management
Services

Network
Management

Station
Automation

Communications

Panorama is the standard for a comprehensive range

of integrated solutions for efficient and reliable
management of power networks. Using innovative
information technology, Panorama delivers total control
of the power process, from generation to consumption.
The Panorama standard covers six application areas,
each offering specific solutions.

1MRS 750063-MUM EN

ABB Transmit Oy
Relays and Network Control
P.O.Box 699
FIN-65101 VAASA
Finland
Tel. +358 10 224 000
Fax. +358 10 224 1094